Improved single vision lenses

ES 2 200 157 T3

DESCRIPTION

Enhanced single vision lenses.

The present invention relates to sunglass lenses, especially refractive power sunglass lenses.

In the prior art, it is known how to manufacture non-corrective glasses, such as sunglasses or goggles having wrap-around segments intended to protect the eye from incident light, wind and foreign objects in the wearer's temporary field of vision. Glasses of this type are described in EP-0,446,698 (Bezazel Research & Development). Corrective wrap-around glasses are also known from GB-680,400.

Visible light and light in the UV region can penetrate the eye from angles as high as 100 ° from the line of sight.

However, in the prior art it has not been possible to equip sun glasses or eye protection with lenses with refractive power. The radii of curvature required to achieve an ophthalmic lens defining a prescription zone are such that the spectacles would have an insect eye appearance, which would be unacceptable from a cosmetic point of view.

Although an attempt has been made in interior art to place a wraparound sunscreen over generally standard prescription glasses, such products are often not cosmetically acceptable and suffer from significant optical distortions.

Therefore an object of the present invention is to solve, or at least alleviate, one or more of the difficulties or deficiencies related to the prior art.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a lens for glasses of great curvature, with positive or negative refractive power, is achieved, including

- a front and rear surface, at least one surface that is continuous and forms a prescription zone (Rx) and a peripheral temporal zone to provide protection in the area of ​​the temples;

- the peripheral temporal zone optionally exhibiting refractive power;

- so that, once mounted, the lens element is rotated towards the temples about a vertical axis through the optical center thereof;

- the front and / or rear surface being designed to adjust, at least partially, the errors induced by said rotation, including astigmatic and average power errors in the prescription zone, and having a correction to adjust, at least partially , prismatic errors; Y

- in which the front and / or rear surface includes an aspherical component having non-circular main sections selected to at least partially adjust for astigmatic off-axis and average power errors.

Rotating the lens produces a number of optical effects and errors, as noted below. However, with proper selection of the front and / or rear surface combination, optical errors can be reduced or eliminated.

Representative optical effects and errors can be summarized as follows:

The effects are described taking into account the effects seen by the user along the line of sight that intersects the optical axis of the lens element:

Astigmatic error

There is an induced astigmatic error such as astigmatism, a, is proportional to the power of the lens, P, and proportional to the square of the angle of rotation of the lens.

Power errors

When the lens is used in a wraparound fashion, the continuous average power of the lens changes. The mean power error, dP, is proportional to the astigmatic error, a, and proportional to a constant, k, which is related to the lens index. Therefore, at a negative value Rx, the average power becomes more negative and at a positive value Rx, the average power becomes more positive.

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Prismatic effects

Due to the rotation of the lens and the oblique angle of the optical axis, a prism is incorporated.

Off-axis prismatic disparity

Off-axis prismatic disparity is a consequence of uneven distortions in the temporal and nasal fields, resulting in poor binocular vision.

Other important observations:

The lens element described can result in increased off-axis power and astigmatic errors due to the selection of a basic (front) curve intended to fit in standard wrap-around frames, rather than achieving better optical performance.

These errors can lead to maladaptive power errors.

To reduce the errors described, one or more of the following fixes can be applied:

Average power error correction

The curvature of the front and / or rear surface can be adjusted taking into account the change in mean power as a consequence of the rotation of the lens, the degree of correction depending on a balance between the off-axis power error that it tolerates. the user and the reduction of unacceptable power errors.

Therefore, a full correction can be applied for the deviation introduced in all the power to correct the off-axis errors or a partial correction when considering the off-axis power error.

Astigmatic error correction

The front and / or rear surface may be, at least partially, toric in nature corrected for the astigmatic error resulting from the aforementioned lens turning. The degree of correction may be adequate to fully correct astigmatism introduced by lens rotation or it may be partially corrected depending on the application. A partial correction can be applied to achieve a tolerable off-axis astigmatic error to reduce off-axis astigmatic errors.

Prismatic correction

The optical center can be horizontally shifted to compensate for the prism induced by the rotation of the lens. This can be achieved by applying the prescribed prism during surface treatment or displacement of the lens element in a horizontal direction.

Additional considerations

These corrections include, but are not limited to, pantoscopic lens tilt, variation in lens mount types, cosmetic needs, and average lens center-to-pupil distances based on mount types and lens shapes. lens.

Off-axis prismatic disparity

To correct for off-axis prismatic disparity the lens may include an aspherical surface on either the front or rear surface, or both.

Aspherization of surfaces

Aspherization of the front or back surfaces can be used to correct off-axis errors, including errors introduced due to skew and / or selection of the basic curves. Such off-axis error can include power and astigmatic errors, as well as prismatic disparity.

However, it should be understood that while it is relatively easy to correct for any particular optical error, it is necessary to balance the correction to achieve an overall allowable lens performance.

The following table lists the representative error corrections that can be carried out for a rotation of approximately 20 ° around the vertical axis, for a range of more (+) and (-) variable power lens elements:

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<td colspan="3"></td><td colspan="2">Side eye curve corrections</td>

<td>Sphere power Rx</td><td>Average power error</td><td>Astigmatic error</td><td>Meridian vertical</td><td>Meridian horizontal</td>

<td>-3.00 D</td><td>-0.33 D</td><td>-0.42 D x 90 °</td><td>0.12 D flatter</td><td>0.54 D flatter</td>

<td>-6.00 D</td><td>-0.66 D</td><td>-0.84 D x 90 °</td><td>0.24 D flatter</td><td>1.08 D flatter</td>

<td>+3.00 D</td><td>+0.33 D</td><td>-0.42 D x 0 °</td><td>0.12 D plus empin.</td><td>0.54 D plus empin.</td>

<td>+6.00 D</td><td>+0.66 D</td><td>-0.84 D x 0 °</td><td>0.24 D plus empin.</td><td>1.08 D plus empin.</td>

It should be noted that the indicated eye side surface power corrections assume that the above-cited errors are fully corrected to recover the specified spherical Rx at the optical center. If necessary, minor corrections can be made to achieve acceptable overall lens performance.

It is preferable that the front and / or rear surface includes a toric component and is designed to at least partially adjust for astigmatic and mean power errors on the axis. Such errors on the axis can be due to the rotation of the lens when mounted in a wrap-around or shield-type frame.

Furthermore, the front surface can be an aspherical surface that includes appropriate aspherical coefficients to define the peripheral temporal zone.

The aspherical front surface may exhibit a line of symmetry around the horizontal and / or vertical axis thereof. Furthermore, the aspherical coefficients defining the peripheral temporal zone may exhibit a line of symmetry around a horizontal and / or vertical line that intersects the optical axis and / or the direct line of sight, in use, thereof.

Furthermore, it is preferable for aspherical surface corrections to be in the horizontal direction.

The lens element can also include a correction to avoid prismatic jump.

Preferably, the lens provides correct Rx correction in the prescription zone (Rx) for a user in directions not greater than 50 ° off-axis, in use, relative to the optical axis.

It is also preferable for the lens to provide a desired Rx correction in the prescription zone (Rx) for a wearer that extends beyond 50 ° off-axis and ends in the peripheral temporal zone, which provides clear perception of objects. in the peripheral area of ​​human vision and avoids the prismatic jump from the prescription area to the peripheral temporal area.

In a preferred form, the posterior surface includes a basic curvature so that the prescription power required by the patient, Rx, is obtained in the prescription zone; the rear surface being further modified to complement the selected front surface.

It is also preferable that the posterior surface includes a toric or spherical component selected to achieve the prescribed optical power and cylindrical correction of the lens.

The posterior surface may further include an astigmatic error correction to compensate for errors induced by rotation about the vertical axis. Preferably, the surface is an aspherical toric surface and includes an adjustment to correct for astigmatic and / or mean power errors on the axis.

In another preferred form, the front surface is aspherical and includes a basic curvature suitable for high basic curve lenses, above 6.0 D and appropriate aspherical coefficients to define the peripheral temporal zone, while the rear surface has the appropriate curvature. to provide the prescribed optical lens power and the prescribed lens barrel, including adjustments for astigmatic correction and mean power error to compensate for errors induced by rotation around the vertical axis.

Preferably, the rear surface of the lens element includes a toric or spherical component.

In another preferred form, the front surface of the lens element includes a spherical or toric component designed to provide the desired prescribed correction (Rx) in the prescription zone, and supporting a surface correction for adjustment, at least partially, of errors including astigmatic and mean power errors, in combination with the posterior surface, and including adequate coefficient to define a temporal zone

ES 2 200 157 T3 peripheral; and a transition section therebetween designated so that the prismatic jump between the prescription zone and the peripheral temporal zone is avoided, and the rear surface is modified to complement the front surface.

The lens element can be modified to allow control of light within the peripheral temporal zone. The reflected color of a sunglass lens is primarily a function of the tints on the front surface of the lens. A mirror coating can be applied to the rear surface of the lens so that the combination of the front and rear reflections achieves a specular intensity (mirror) and the feel of a colored lens (tint). Alternatively, or in addition, a different colored coating or layer may be applied to the rear surface of the lens. This can alter both the intensity and the spectral character of the transmitted and reflected rays that interact with the upper tint zone of the lens.

In another option, the front or rear surface (preferably the rear) may be dull so that the reflected or transmitted light is diffuse. That is, the images are not formed by the light entering the lens. The frosted portion of the lens is virtually opaque (translucent) to a user. For someone else, the lens will reflect the tinted color from its front surface against a languid shadow from the dull part of the back surface. Preferably, the back surface may include a localized mirror coating whereby the reflection has a matte finish.

The peripheral temporal zone can be treated in a number of ways so that it does not create images in the peripheral vision, regardless of the optical design. The more direct methods simply envision a perceptible intensity of focused light passing through by blocking it with or in a combination of:

• Mirror gradient on the back surface.

• Color gradient (black) on the surface. rear • Haze on the rear surface.

Mirror coating can be applied using conventional techniques, for example vacuum deposition of a metallic film on the finished lens. A chemical solution of a pristine metallic layer can be deposited on part of a casting mold and then cast a lens in said mold. A metallic mirror thus formed can transmit insufficient light to form any uncomfortable image and reflect a smooth matte finish of copper, nickel or any other chosen metal.

Alternatively, or in addition, the temporary extension may include one or more of the following:

• Holographic reflection film: specular polymer sheet, for example 0.5mm thick, which provides brightly colored patterns by changing the reflected color.

• Light control film: for example polycarbonate film, for example 0.8mm thick limiting the transmission of light to one band. narrow angular.

• Reflective film: for example Mylar film of 0.025 mm thickness, 10% transmission and 90% reflection.

• Liquid crystal film: eg 0.209 mm thick polymer sheet that changes color across the entire spectrum as temperature changes.

The ophthalmic lens can be formulated from any suitable material. A polymeric material can be used. The polymeric material can be of any suitable type. The polymeric material can include a thermoplastic or thermoset material. A diallyl glycol carbonate material can be used.

The polymeric article may be formed of intermolecularly bonded moldable polymeric compositions, for example as described in US Patent Applications 4,912,155, US Patent No. 07 / 781,392, Australian Patent Applications 50581/93 and 50582/93, and European Patent Specification 453,152-A2, the full descriptions of which are included by reference.

Such intermolecularly linked moldable polymeric compositions may include a diacrylate or dimethacrylate monomer (such as polyoxyalkylene glycol diacrylate or dimetracrylate or a bisphenol flourene diacrylate or dimethacrylate) and a polymerizable comonomer, for example methacrylates, vinyl acrylates, vinyl ethers, vinyl ethers aromatics, ethers, polythiols and the like.

For example, in Australian patent application 81216/87, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, the applicant describes an intermolecular bonding coating composition that includes at least polyoxyalkylene glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate, and at least one polyfunctional unsaturated agent. with intermolecular bond.

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Furthermore, in Australian patent application 75160/91, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, the applicant discloses a polyoxyalkylene glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate; a monomer including a recurring unit derived from at least one polymerizable radial bisphenol monomer capable of forming a homopolymer having a high refractive index greater than 1.55; and a urethane monomer having 2 to 6 end groups selected from a group comprising acrylic and methacrylic groups.

Such polymeric formulations cure by UV or by a combination of UV and heat treatment. The range of optical lenses sold by applicants under the trade names "Spectralite" has been found suitable.

The polymeric material can include a dye, preferably a photochromic dye which, for example, can be added to the monomer formulation used to produce the polymeric material. Depth color variation can be minimized by incorporating a pigment or dye into one or more layers of the optical article.

Furthermore, the ophthalmic lens element according to the present invention may include additional standard coatings to the front or rear surface, including electrochromic coatings.

The front surface of the lens may include an anti-reflective (AR) coating, for example of the type described in Applicants' US Patent 5,704,692, the full disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.

The front surface of the lens may include an abrasion resistant coating for example of the type described in Applicants' US Patent 4,954,591, the full disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.

In an especially preferred form, the laminated ophthalmic article may include an inner layer that provides the desired optical properties of the type described in applicants' international patent application PTC / AU96 / 00805, the full description of which is incorporated by reference.

The front and back surfaces can also include one or more additions of those conventionally used in mouldable compositions such as inhibitors, dyes including thermochromic and photochromic dyes, for example as described above, polarizing products, UV stabilizers and materials capable of modifying the refractive index.

In another preferred embodiment, the highly curved eyeglass lens element has a prescribed correction in the range of -6.0 D to +6.0 D with approximately or to +3 cylindricity.

Preferably, the peripheral temporal zone is a non-prescription zone.

In a preferred form, the front surface of the lens element has a high curvature in the horizontal plane extending from the nasal to temporal limits, greater than 6.0 D, but the curvature in the vertical plane is 6.0 D or lower.

Preferably, the shape of the front or rear surface in the region between the two zones develops from a selected polynomial strip in order to avoid a prismatic jump from the Rx zone to the temporal zone.

Preferably, the prescription zone extends beyond 50 ° off-axis relative to the optical axis, when mounted in a frame, when in use and terminates in a peripheral temporal zone.

The invention also encompasses a unitary lens formed from a pair of highly curved lens elements that provides prescribed correction in the range of about -6.0 D to +6.0 D, with about +3 cylindricity, as indicated before.

Preferably, the unitary lens provides correct Rx correction in the prescription zone (Rx) for a user, not more than 50 ° off-axis with respect to the optical axis once mounted in a frame, when used.

It is also preferable for the lens to provide the desired Rx correction in the prescription zone (Rx) for a wearer, not exceeding 50 ° hard from the axis once mounted in a frame, when used, and ending in the zone peripheral temporal area, which provides a clear perception of objects in the peripheral area of ​​human vision and avoids a prismatic jump from the prescription area to the peripheral temporal area.

The prescription zone can extend beyond 80 ° off-axis.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a laminated lens for highly curved glasses, with negative or positive refractive power, including:

- a front lens element;

- a complementary rear lens element;

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- at least one of the front and rear surfaces of the laminated lens being continuous and forming a prescription zone (Rx) that provides Rx correction;

- in which, once mounted, the laminated lens is temporarily rotated around its vertical axis through the optical center of the lens; Y

- in which the front and / or rear surface includes an aspherical component selected to at least partially adjust for astigmatic or off-axis mean power errors.

In a preferred form of the laminated eyeglass lens, the front lens element is generally flat; and the rear complementary lens element includes a positive or negative power lens element.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a lens element for highly curved glasses with negative or positive refractive power, said method including:

- providing a mathematical or numerical representation of a front or rear surface of a spectacle lens element including a section designed to provide the desired prescription (Rx) in a prescription zone; and adding thereto a mathematical or numerical representation of a peripheral temporal zone to define a complete lens surface;

- rotate the representation of the lens surface around the vertical axis to allow it to be mounted in a suitable mount; Y

modifying the representation of the lens surface to correct, at least partially, the errors induced by said rotation, including astigmatic and average power errors in the prescription area, as well as prismatic errors.

Preferably, the mathematical or numerical representation is of an aspherical front surface and has the appropriate aspherical coefficients to define the peripheral temporal zone; and the method includes the phases of:

- subsequently providing a mathematical or numerical representation of a prescription posterior surface (Rx); Y

- modifying the representation of the posterior surface of the lens element in order to adjust, at least partially, for errors including astigmatic and mean power errors.

In a preferred form, the method includes adding to the first mathematical representation a second mathematical or numerical representation of a designated transition zone so that the prescription zone and peripheral temporal zone define a complete lens surface.

Preferably, the spectacle lens element also includes a region of nasal accentuation defined by a reduced or opposite curvature of the lens.

In accordance with another aspect, the invention provides glasses that include:

a wrap-around type spectacle frame adapted to receive a pair of spectacle lenses such that each lens is provisionally rotated about a vertical axis through the optical center thereof; Y

- one pair of highly curved spectacle lenses with positive or negative refractive power, including each lens:

- a front and rear surface that together form a prescription zone (Rx) that provides the prescribed correction (Rx) and a peripheral temporal zone that optionally exhibits Rx power;

- the front surface and / or the rear surface supporting a surface correction to adjust, at least partially, the errors induced by said rotation, including astigmatic and average power errors in the prescription area, and a correction to adjust, for at least partially, prismatic errors.

Preferably, the prescription zone extends beyond 50 ° off-axis, relative to the optical axis.

Glasses can include:

- a 5.0D and higher constant curvature design eyeglass frame; Y

- a pair of lenses for glasses of great curvature mounted thereon, each lens including a front and rear surface, at least one of the surfaces being continuous, and providing a correction zone of

ES 2 200 157 T3 prescription (Rx) on the order of about -6.0 D to +6.0 D, with about 0 to +3 cylindricity and a peripheral temporal zone to provide protection in the temple area, zones that are designed to avoid a prismatic jump from the Rx zone to the temporal zone;

- providing the posterior surface with good clarity from the temples or lashes.

It is preferable that the frame has a constant design curvature between 8.0 D and 10.0 D.

The normal representation of a cross section of a spherical or aspherical lens surface can be done by means of the coordinates:

SAG = A2R² + A4R⁴ + A6R⁶ + A8R⁸ where R is the radius measured from the optical axis, and A2, A4, A6, and A8 are coefficients that define power and asphericity. The lens is assumed to be rotationally symmetrical about the aspherical axis.

Therefore

R² = x² = z² where the x-axis is perpendicular to the optic axis (y) in the direction toward the temples, and the z-axis is vertical with respect to the user's face.

The use of asphericity in the design of conventional lenses is intended to produce small deviations from the spherical shape and the power components are defined by the surface curvatures

T = [d²and / dr²] / [1 + (dy / dr)² ]^3/2 tangential

S = (dy / dr) ir [1 + (dy / dr)²]^1/2 sagittal where the sag is indicated by and.

Therefore, the surface power of the lens is defined by the two derivatives:

dy / dr = 2A2R + 4A4R³ + 6A6R⁵ + 8A8R⁷, and d²and / dr² = 2A2R + 12A4R² + 30A6R⁴ + 56A8R⁶

Periphery of the bull

It is convenient to establish a torus geometry considering the total SAG as corresponding to the basic design curve of the lens plus a “DSAG” component from a provisional curvature that extends beyond some radius Ro and that is defined from a group of similar coefficients that work in the radial direction (R-R0). In this case:

camber = SAG R&gt; R₀, R being the radius measured from the optical axis, while A2, A4, A6 and A8 are coefficients that define power and asphericity. The lens is assumed to be rotationally symmetrical about the optical axis.

camber = SAG + DSAG R&gt; R0, where R0 defines the periphery of the temporal region; Y

DSAG = B2 (R - R0)² + B4 (R - R0)⁴ + B6 (R - R0)⁶ + B8 (R - R0)⁸ where B2, B4, B6 and B8 are coefficients that define power and asphericity.

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The first and second derivatives of camber are thus the sum of the individual derivatives:

dy / dr dyi / dr)_r= R + dy2 / dr)_r= R-Ro d²and / dr² d²yi / dr²) r = R + d²y2 / dr ^ R-Ro where, by definition, both ty and dy / dr are continuous at R = R0, but the second differential is discontinuous.

Therefore, in this model the curvature of the sagittal surface is continuous and the curvature of the tangential surface is not, unless the following condition applies:

B2 = 0

Generalized formulation of the torus If we generalize the expressions so that camber = SAG + a (DSAG)^N for R&gt; R₀, where α and N&gt; 1 are numerical parameters, we achieve greater freedom to model the surface and have better control over changes in surface power when attacking the toral curvature. The first and second derivatives are continuous with R = R0 if none of the following conditions occur:

2&gt; N&gt; 1 and B2 = 0, or else

N&gt; 2 for all values ​​of B2.

Conveniently, we have discovered a generalized representation that provides continuity of surface curvature in both the sagittal and tangential directions. That is, we can model the toral shape without discontinuities in the surface power. Given such shapes, we can place one surface after another of a similar generating equation to give a lens stronger curvatures but without discontinuities in the refractive power through the lens.

When the curves produced with the previous models with N = 1 and N = 2 calculated and plotted, it is evident that the toral lamina is asyptotically mixed with the central optic zone, provided that the condition in B2 is observed. The model departs very gradually from the designated sphere, the optics of the two designated zones merging.

Another generalization of the torus formulation

It will be understood that the surfaces of a lens element are surfaces of rotation formed by any of the preceding expressions for camber about a given axis of rotation. In the above mathematical development, we have specified the rotational symmetry around the optical axis. This generates a lens shape with the same surface power via the horizontal and vertical meridians, having a peripheral temporal zone around the entire perimeter of the lens element.

Before one of these lens elements can be mounted close to the face in a wrap-around frame or shield, the temporary extension is cut off except at the locations corresponding to the temples of the wrap-around spectacle wearer.

In an alternative embodiment, the appropriate surface alteration can be formed from the SAG curves, as discussed above, by rotating the camber curve about an axis parallel to the x-axis within the plane of the horizontal meridian. The curved portions intended to provide the temporal extension of such lenses are then located towards the ends of the horizontal meridian, while the vertical curves can maintain the conventional spherical or aspherical lens shape.

The expression for the camber on the surface of the lens element thus formed is:

Camber = 4 (A_2nx²ⁿ + C2nZ²ⁿ) for x &lt;x0 n-1 ⁴ (TO₂nX²ⁿ + C2nZ²ⁿ) + α {4 B2n (x - Xo)²ⁿ}^N for x&gt; xo n-1 n-1

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If the parameters A2n and C2n are set equal, the optical zone has the same surface power in both the vertical and horizontal meridians.

If the C2n parameter corresponds to curves of lower power than the specified A2n parameter, the surface power of the optical zone will be lower in the vertical meridian. The lens elements thus formed help to obtain conformity of the envelope to the wearer's face. A high basic curve on the order of 8 or 9 diopters can be used to wrap the temples laterally. However, a lower curve, for example about 2 to 5 diopters, conforms to the vertical shape of the face and allows the lenses to be placed closer to the eyes without notches in the eyebrows or cheeks.

Using these more conventional basic curves to define the vertical meridian also reduces the need for off-axis astigmatism and power corrections on that meridian.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures and examples. However, it is to be understood that the following description is purely illustrative and should not be used, in any way, as a limitation of the generalities of the invention described above.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 depicts the paths of light through a lens surface having a solar glass tint.

Figure 2 is a stylized representation of a negative Rx power ophthalmic lens (right lens).

Figure 3 is a stylized representation of the peripheral temporal zone of an ophthalmic lens that supports a positive Rx surface.

Figure 4 is a stylized side view of an ophthalmic lens supporting a negative Rx surface in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a series of cross-sectional views of positive and negative flat lens front surface laminated wafers in accordance with the present invention. Each front surface is symmetrical to the turn.

Figure 6 is a positive and negative back surface wafer for laminating the front surface wafers depicted in Figure 5. Cylindrical correction can be carried out on the back surfaces.

Figure 7 (A) is a semi-finished optics blank: finished optical surface (1), unfinished rear surface (1 '), axis of rotational symmetry (3), desired optical axis (4). In this example, the diameter of the blank is 76mm, the front surface curve is 8 diopters, and the angle between axes (3) and (4) is 20 °. The thickness of the blank can be about 15 mm, depending on the design needs.

Figure 7 (b) is a second optical surface (2) symmetrical to rotation around the optical axis (4) created in the front of the rough optics by grinding and polishing. The power difference of (1) and (2) is the final Rx power of the lens. In this example (2) it has 4 diopters.

Figure 7 (c) is the final Rx power of the -4 diopter lens with a central optical zone ± 35 ° wide around the optical axis (4). The curve (5) has the same dioptric power for (1) centered on the axis (4). The temporal limit of the skirt of the plane (top of the drawing) of this lens is 88 ° from the forward line of sight for a posterior vertex of the wearer of 28 mm.

Figure 8 (a) is a true 9 diopter basic curve flat lens. Curves (6) and (7) are both 9 diopters centered on the optical axis (4). Note the apparent "internal base" prism of the lens when considered in terms of displaced axis. The nasal (lower) part of the lens is thicker.

Figure 8 (b) is the final -4 diopter power Rx lens created by the 5 diopter curve (8) centered on the optical axis (4).

Figure 9 (a) is a true 10 diopter basic curve flat lens. Curves (9) and (10) are both 10 diopters centered on the optical axis (4). Note the apparent "internal base" prism of the lens when considered in terms of displaced axis. The nasal (lower) part of the lens is thicker.

Figure 9 (b) is the final -4 diopter power Rx lens created by the 6 diopter curve (11) centered on the optical axis (4). The width of the optical zone is ± 45 ° for a posterior vertex distance of 28 mm, with the temporal limit of the skirt of the lens plane being 95 °.

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Figure 10 (a) is a true 12 diopter basic curve flat lens. Curves (12) and (13) are both 12 diopters centered on the optical axis (4). Note the apparent "internal base" prism of the lens when considered in terms of displaced axis. The nasal (lower) part of the lens is thicker.

Figure 10 (b) is the final -4 power diopter Rx lens created from the blank of Figure 7 (a); the curve (14) is 6 diopters centered on the optical axis (4). The width of the optical zone is ± 45 ° for a posterior vertex distance of 28 mm, with the temporal limit of the skirt of the lens plane being 98 °.

Figure 11 (a) is the final +4 diopter power Rx lens created from the molded and semi-fabricated blank against a rear surface of the mold similar to the front of the lens depicted in Figure 7 (c ): curve (16) has 4 diopters centered on axis (4). The optic zone is ± 35 ° around the optic axis (4) and the pseudo-plane temporal skirt (upper part of the drawing) extends 87 ° from the line of sight forward for a for a posterior vertex distance of 28 mm.

Figure 11 (b) is the final +4 diopter Rx lens: curve (17) is 10.2 diopters centered on axis (4) to limit the final thickness of the lens, curve (18) has 6 diopters centered on axis (4). The optic zone is about ± 40 ° around the optic axis (4) and the pseudo-plane temporal skirt (upper part of the drawing) extends 95 ° from the line of sight forward for a posterior vertex distance of 28 mm.

Figure 11 (c) is the final +4 diopter Rx lens: curve (19) is 12.25 diopters centered on axis (4) to limit the final thickness of the lens, curve (20) has 8 diopters centered on axis (4). The optic zone is ± 48 ° around the optic axis (4) and the pseudo-plane temporal skirt (upper part of the drawing) extends 98 ° from the line of sight forward for a posterior vertex distance of 28 mm .

Figure 12 (a) is a schematic representation of a pair of negative lens elements in accordance with the present invention, of continuous power -3.0 D rotated 20 ° about their vertical axes.

Figures 12 (b) and (c) show the mean surface power and astigmatism contours after the lenses of Figure 12 (a) are rotated.

Figures 12 (d) and (e) depict the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours after having subjected the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) to a complete correction for the required mean continuous power.

Figures 12 (f) and (g) depict the mean power and astigmatism contours resulting after the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) have been subjected to another complete posterior toral surface correction.

Figures 12 (h) and (i) represent the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours after having subjected the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) to another posterior partial toral correction.

Figures 12 (j) and (k) depict the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours after having subjected the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) to a partial correction of the mean power and posterior toral.

Figure 13 (a) is a schematic representation of a pair of planar lens elements in accordance with the present invention, at full power 3.0 D rotated 20 ° about their vertical optical axes.

Figures 13 (b) and (c) depict the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours after the lenses of Figure 12 (a) are rotated.

Figures 13 (d) and (e) depict the mean power and astigmatism contours resulting after the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) have been subjected to a complete correction for the required mean power.

Figures 13 (f) and (g) depict the mean power and astigmatism contours resulting after having subjected the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) to another partial total correction of the front surface.

Figures 13 (h) and (i) represent the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours after having subjected the posterior surfaces of the lenses of Figure 12 (a) to another partial frontal toral correction.

Figure 14 (a) is a schematic representation of a pair of negative aspherical lens elements in accordance with the present invention, full power 3.0 D rotated 20 ° about their vertical optical axes.

Figures 14 (b) and (c) depict the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours after the lens elements have been subjected to aspherization of the front surface and a complete correction of the gross toral surface.

ES 2 200 157 T3

Figures 15 and 16 show a series of positive (+) laminated optical lens elements.

Figure 17 depicts a negative (-) laminated optical lens element.

Figure 18 depicts an integral surface or laminated negative lens element in which the thickness of the laminated assembly is adjusted by selecting posterior elements of different diameter, thus altering the size of the optical zone of the final lens.

Figures 19 and 20 depict an optical lens element that includes a temporary, generally flat, extension of modified curvature.

Lenses 21 to 29 represent positive and negative optical lens elements whose front surfaces are described by the expression:

camber = SAG R&gt; R₀, camber = SAG + DSAG R&gt; R₀, and both form an optical zone that provides the necessary Rx correction and a peripheral temporal zone with a spherical or toral posterior surface.

Figure 21 shows a +2 diopter power positive lens with a flat temporal extension.

Figures 22 and 23 show positive +4 diopter power lenses. The one in Figure 22 has a smooth transition from power to a flat temporal extension, being designated by the parameter N = 2. The lens in Figure 23 exhibits a less desirable discontinuity in the power of the front surface, being designated by the parameter N = 1.

Figures 22 and 23 show negative -4 diopter power lenses. The one in Figure 24 has a smooth transition from power to a flat temporal extension, being designated by the parameter N = 2. The lens in Figure 25 exhibits a less desirable discontinuity in the power of the front surface, being designated by the parameter N = 1.

Figures 26 to 28 represent similar positive and negative optical lens elements, created by mixing two different surfaces of standard conical design but with different powers corresponding to the optical zone and temporal extent. Like the lens shown in FIG. 23, said lenses exhibit tangential or sagittal curvature discontinuity at the transition between the two design regions. This in turn makes it necessary to optimize the surface as much as possible, using ray tracing technique in order to minimize astigmatism and blurring introduced by the transient region between the optic zone and the temporal extension.

Figures 29 and 30 depict similar positive and negative optical lens elements, including a generally flat temporal extension.

Example 1

An ophthalmic lens with a negative Rx is made as follows:

These lenses can be manufactured as warehouse lenses or supplied as semi-finished parts, as desired. For a cast lens destined for storage, the posterior mold will not present any modification with respect to a conventional posterior mold, for example of the Spectralite type. For a semi-finished lens, the posterior ophthalmic surface is ground and polished using a standard procedure. In both cases, the main difference is that the front mold will have a strongly curved peripheral for the overall design. A laterally filled joint tube would seem appropriate for both forms of product.

Typically a semi-finished part (S / F) is used to supply a series of conditions for each basic curve as well as to adapt to different pupillary distances (PD's) and different frame shapes and sizes. For all of these lens styles, a specific frame style can be used, so the cut shape of the lens will not vary greatly. However, the S / F part must provide the defined Rx range, individual PD, and essential temporal extension curve. This curve is both steeper as the higher the negative condition produced, and the steeper the greater the radius from the optical center to the temporal edge (that is, the smaller the PD, all other factors are constant).

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The geometry of an S / F part is generally depicted in Figure 4. The overall front curve of the blank extends toward the outer edge at least the depth required to obtain the highest negative power found. recommended for the nominal basic curve in question (including cylinder). It is not constant in every way. Each S / F piece is off-center to allow for normal PD deployment. Selecting a particular radius on the blank to be the horizontal meridian of the finished lens will define both the operating PD and the actual power of the horizontal meridian. The blanks can carry ink marks and alignment gauges that allow the correct orientation of the surface edge. However edge formation should not eliminate the desired temporal curvature.

Example 2

An ophthalmic lens is manufactured similar to that of Example 1, except that the geometric and optical centers of the lenses are not off-center. Such lenses are used with a frame system that allows the PD to be established by attaching the lens to the frame supports, rather than by shifting the geometric and optical centers of the lenses. Example 3

Single point turning device to generate the required surfaces (both spheres and cylinders). Alternatively, flexible finishing and polishing pads can be used to complete the surface of the optic zone to achieve a good optic finish and minimal polishing of the posterior temporal "edge" is sufficient. The overall segment of the resulting lens is translucent but free of build marks. A variant specular coating on said zone completes the Rx.

Example 4

An ophthalmic lens according to the present invention is laminated from a pair of front and rear wafers through a conventional lamination system, for example, the Matrix ™ system, according to US Patents 5,187,506, 5,149,181 and Applicants 5,323,192, the full description of which is incorporated herein by reference. The interface curve in a rolling system needs to have a rotational symmetry around the optical axis in order to select the axis of cylindrity according to the conditions. Accordingly, lens wafers are prepared in which the geometric and optical centers of the lenses are not displaced.

The wafers are approximately 80mm in diameter with conventional optics in central areas around 55mm in diameter with temporary "core" edges that are curved steeper. This is represented in Figures 5 and 6. The affected temporal extension is an excessive bow of at least 10 to 15 mm. This is a critical feature of the design concept; the asymmetric beading of the completed lenses generates the desired geometry to shape the brow. The nasal side of the rimmed lens is completely spherical while on the other hand, the excessive camber reaches around the eyebrow towards the temple.

Example 5

A series of flat or negative refractive power lenses in accordance with the present invention was fabricated from a conventional S / F spherical blank as shown in Figure 7 (a) by first mounting the front (finished) optical surface of the blank on an eccentric tool fixture such that the axis of revolution for generating and polishing the rear surface of the workpiece is offset from the nominal axis of the blank by an angle of (say) 20 ° or similar. Next, an optical surface of exactly the same dioptric power was produced as on the front surface of the blank but centered on the offset axis on the rear (concave) surface of the part. The result of this is a truly flat lens with separate optical and geometric axes. The shape of the flat lens is reminiscent of a lens in which a prism has been applied at the base, since the nasal side of the lens is thicker than the temporal side (Figures 8 (a), 8 (a) and 10 (to)). There is strictly no applied prism as only the flat lens is designed with the same optical precision as any other part of the Rx amplitude. The production of a true plane with properly aligned optical axis is necessary for high base curves, for example 9 diopters and above, but is generally neglected in lower quality sunglasses.

The lens is then mounted flat across its rear surface to eccentrically rotate it about the defined axis. A desired secondary optical surface is then generated on said optical axis and buffed on the front surface. The power difference between this surface and the original surface is the spherical power of the final Rx, with this newly produced optical surface defining the current optical zone of the graduated lens (Figure 7 (b) and (c)). The flat part of the lens surrounding the optical zone provides the required temporal extent for the lens according to the invention. This increases as the basic curve increases, represented in Figures 7 to 10 for a -4 diopter Rx lens. For the examples in the figures, the temporal extent increases from 88 ° to 98 ° temporal with the basic curve increasing from 8 to 12 diopters. The corresponding widths of the optical zone range from ± 35 ° to ± 45 ° with the increase of the basic curve.

Obviously, if desired, the order of creation of the two optical surfaces can be reversed. This is usually the case when it is necessary to apply cylindrity to the posterior surface to correct astigmatism.

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For positive lenses according to the invention, the front optical surface of the S / F piece does not have a second optical surface placed on top. Rather, the back surface has the composite shape depicted in Figure (11) for +4 diopter Rx lenses. The composite posterior surfaces of these lenses, i.e. the curves (15) + (16), (17) + (18) and (19) + (20), are generated around the optical axis using computer controlled equipment, such as a Coburn IQ generator or one of the many precision optical lathes available in the industry, and are polished according to ophthalmic needs by polishing them with flexible or inflatable polishing pads, as used in the industry. The optic zone is defined by the central optic on the back surface of the finished lens. Their widths range from ± 35 ° to ± 48 ° when the basic curve increases from 8 to 12 diopters, while the temporal range increases from 87 ° to 98 °. Obviously, the same technology can be used to create negative power lenses by maintaining a simple front curve and designing a suitable composite back surface. It is also understood that all of the surfaces described herein allow a cylindrical component to be imparted (preferably in the posterior curves) to correct for astigmatism.

In order to limit the total thickness of positive lenses, it is desirable to minimize the effect of the apparent prism at the base of truly flat lenses at these high base curves. Therefore, the posterior surface of the temporal extent of positive lenses is made slightly higher in spherical potential than the front curve, so that the temporal extent is approximately constant thickness. As a consequence, the temporal extension has a slightly negative power, on the order of 0.25 diopters for the highest basic curves (around 12 diopters). Such refractive power is not perceptible to most users and therefore we refer to the temporal extent as "pseudo-planar".

All of the lenses described in this example can be produced by melting monomer within shaped molds to achieve the described surface shapes once polymerized. In this case, the composite surfaces for both the positive and negative Rx lenses are preferably positioned at the rear of the lens element. Then, all said surfaces are produced as convex surfaces in the corresponding subsequent mold, facilitating the process of making the mold. In such a configuration, the positive Rx lenses and the negative Rx lenses will have the same front shape so that the outer appearance of the sunglasses will be independent of the user's prescription. Cylindrity can be introduced to correct astigmatism in the same way that oriented posterior casts can be adequately shaped according to the desired prescription. Alternatively, reduced cylindrities of up to 1.50 diopters, or the like, can be imparted by grinding and polishing a secondary curve on the front surface of a lens of suitable spherical power. This will work for about 95% of the cylindrical corrections for most of the population.

Example 6A

A negative lens

The following is an example describing a lens element constructed in accordance with the present invention.

A lens with a pantoscopic tilt of 0 ° was constructed to achieve a prescribed total power of -3.0 D and 0.00 D of cylindrity using the following curves (see Figure 12 (a)).

6.00 D (1.530) Spherical Front Curve

Spherical back curve 9.18 D (1.530)

This results in a lens with distance vision correction such as:

Average total power = -3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on the optical axis = 0.00 D

Rotate the lens temporally 20 ° about the vertical optical axis (see Figure 12 (a)) This provides the following optical results

Average total power = -3.33 D

Resulting cylindrical optics on axis = 0.42 D @ 90 °

Figures 13 (b) and (c) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 6B

Total average power correction

The back surface curve was adjusted to achieve the full correction of the required mean full power of -3.00 D. Thus the following optical results were achieved:

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Posterior surface curvature = 8.87 D (1.530)

Average total power = -3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on optical axis = 0.36 D @ 90 °

Figures 12 (d) and (e) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 6C

Correction of full mean power and all posterior surface toral astigmatism

The posterior surface curve was adjusted to achieve the total correction of the necessary complete mean power of -3.00 D, and the posterior toral surface correction was also applied to the result a complete astigmatic correction.

Thus the following optical results were achieved:

Mean posterior surface curvature = 8.87 D (1.530)

Equatorial power posterior surface = 8.69 D (1.530)

Posterior surface meridional power = 9.05 D (1.530) Toric 0.36 D @ 0 °

Average total power = -3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on the optical axis = 0.00 D

Figures 12 (f) and (g) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 6D

Correction of total mean power and subsequent partial toric

The posterior surface curve was adjusted to achieve the full correction for the required mean full power of -3.00 D. A partial toric posterior surface correction is applied to compensate for off-axis and on-axis astigmatic errors. This gives the following optical results:

Mean posterior surface curvature = 8.87 D (1.530)

Equatorial power posterior surface = 8.76 D (1.530)

Meridional power posterior surface = 9.00 D (1.530) Toric 0.25 D @ 0 °

Average total power = -3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on optical axis = 0.11 D @ 90 °

Figures 12 (f) and (g) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 6E

Correction of partial mean power and posterior partial toric

Center average full power adjustment to partially correct for required total power and reduces the amount of off-axis power error that cannot be accommodated. A partial toric correction is applied to the posterior surface to compensate for off-axis and on-axis astigmatic errors. The optical results are:

Mean posterior surface curvature = 9.12 D (1.530)

Equatorial power posterior surface = 8.98 D (1.530)

Meridional power posterior surface = 0.26 D (1.530) Toric 0.27 D @ 0 °

Average total power = -3.25 D

Cylindrical resultant on optical axis = 0.12 D @ 90 °

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Figures 12 (j) and (k) show the astigmatic contours and the resulting mean power contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 7A

A positive lens

The following is an example describing a lens element constructed in accordance with the present invention.

A lens with a pantoscopic tilt of 0 ° was constructed to achieve a prescribed total power of -3.0 D and 0.00 D of cylindrity using the following curves (see Figure 13 (a)).

6.00 D (1.530) Spherical Front Curve

2.92 D (1.530) posterior spherical curve

This results in a lens with distance vision correction such as:

Average total power = +3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on the optical axis = 0.00 D

Rotate the lens temporally 20 ° about the vertical optical axis (see figure 13 (a))

This provides the following optical results

Average total power = +3.33 D

Cylindrical resultant on optical axis = 0.46 D @ 90 °

Figures 13 (b) and (c) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 7B

Total average power correction

The back surface curve was adjusted to achieve the full correction of the required mean full power of +3.00 D. Thus, the following optical results were achieved:

Spherical front bend = 6.00 D (1.530)

Posterior surface curvature = 3.23 D (1.530)

Average total power = +3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on optical axis = 0.41 D @ 90 °

Figures 13 (d) and (e) show the resulting astigmatic and mean surface power contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 7C

Correction of full mean power and all posterior surface toral astigmatism

The posterior surface curve was adjusted to achieve the total correction of the necessary complete mean power of +3.00 D, and the posterior toral surface correction was also applied to the result a complete astigmatic correction. Thus the following optical results were achieved:

Posterior surface mean curvature = 3.32 D (1.530) Posterior surface equatorial power = 5.82 D (1.530)

Meridional power posterior surface = 6.18 D (1.530) Toric 0.36 D @ 0 °

Average total power = +3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on the optical axis = 0.00 D

Figures 13 (f) and (g) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

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Example 7D

Correction of total mean power and subsequent partial toric

The posterior surface curve was adjusted to achieve the full correction for the required mean full power of +3.00 D. A partial toric posterior surface correction is applied to compensate for off-axis and on-axis astigmatic errors. This gives the following optical results:

Mean posterior surface curvature = 3.32 D (1.530)

Equatorial power posterior surface = 5.91 D (1.530)

Meridional power posterior surface = 6.09D (1.530) Toric 0.18D @ 0 °

Average total power = +3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on optical axis = 0.11 D @ 90 °

Figures 13 (h) and (i) show the mean surface power and the resulting astigmatic contours relative to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 8

Aspherical negative lens

Corrected aspherical front surface and toric back surface (see Figure 14 (a)).

The posterior surface was adjusted to achieve the complete correction of the required mean total power at -3.00 D and a correction was also applied to the toric posterior surface to obtain a complete astigmatic correction in a manner similar to that of Example 6C above.

Aspherical surface correction was applied in order to reduce astigmatism and off-axis power errors.

This allowed to achieve the following results:

Mean posterior surface curvature = 9.05 D (@ 1.530)

Equatorial power posterior surface = 8.67 D (@ 1.530)

Posterior surface meridional power = 9.05 D (@ 1.530)

Average total power = -3.00 D

Cylindrical resultant on the optical axis = 0.00 D

Aspherical front surface

The height of the front surface in a radius r, is given by the formula:

Z = a₀r⁰ + a1r¹ + a2r² + a3r³ + a4r⁴ + a5r⁵ + a6r⁶ + a7r⁷ + a8r where a0 to a8 are constant numerical coefficients. Basic curve = 6.00 D a₀ = a₁ = a₃ = a₅ = a₇ = 0.0 a2 = 0.5660377 x 10^-2 a4 = -0.19050 x 10^-6a6 = 0.65054 x 10^-10 a8 = -0.17067 x 10^-13

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Figures 14 (b) and (c) represent the mean power and the resulting astigmatism contours with respect to the lens surface coordinates.

Example 9

Aspherical surface lens element

An optical lens element including a temporal zone was formed from a 9-base front aspherical planar element and a number of posterior spherical positive lens elements laminated to the rear surface thereof.

Surfaces are defined using standard mathematical access. Surfaces can have the characteristics specified in Table 1 below.

The resulting lens element has been schematically depicted in Figure 15.

Example 10

Example 9 was repeated using rear lens elements of the same refractive power (+ 4 and +6 diopters) but smaller in diameter. The optical zone of each of them is reduced in the angular extent, whereas fully laminated lenses are substantially thinner.

Surfaces are defined using standard mathematical access. Surfaces can have the characteristics specified in Table 2 below.

The resulting lens element has been schematically depicted in Figure 16.

Example 11

Example 9 was repeated using rear lens elements of -4 and -8 diopters of refractive power, in which the edges of said elements formed angles parallel to the line of sight of such edges, or steeper, so that the user experiences a abrupt change from the optic zone to the flat extension of the temple without any transition or intermediate optical distortion.

Surfaces are defined using standard mathematical access. Surfaces can have the characteristics specified in Table 3 below.

The resulting lens element has been schematically depicted in Figure 17.

Example 12

An optical lens element that includes a peripheral temporal zone was formed from an aspherical front surface with a front base 9D together with a rear spherical surface with a -4D and -8D base. The back surface can be formed either by roll forming, as described in Example 1 above, or it can be integrally formed on a standard NC grinding wheel or standard optical processing equipment with an additional final polishing step to round off the sharp edge that, otherwise, could exist in the limit of the optic zone and the integral extension of the temple.

Surfaces are defined using standard mathematical access. Surfaces can have the characteristics specified in Table 4 below.

The resulting lens element has been schematically depicted in Figure 18.

Example 13

Bull surface lens element

A lens element is formed using a circular front surface and tapered rear surfaces with a modified planar temporal extension.

The front and back surfaces can be formed of front and back lens elements rolled together or can be integrally formed by cutting it on an NC grinding wheel.

Surfaces are defined using the modified mathematical formulas that have been described above.

The surfaces have the characteristics specified in Table 5 below.

The resulting lens element is schematically represented in Figure 19.

ES 2 200 157 T3

Figure 20 shows a lens element similar to that of Figure 19. The surfaces have the characteristics specified in Table 6 below.

It should be noted that the frontal plane described in this example has an optic zone and a temporal region of great curvature which together define a planar lens of essentially constant thickness from a central region and include a temporal extension. This is a different alternative and approach to achieving the attributes of the flat sunglasses or safety glasses described in US Patent No. 5,604,547, from Gentex.

Another aspherical front surface correction was applied to remove astigmatic and off-axis power errors within the planar element, similar to Example 8 above. This gave the following result:

Center front curve = 9.0 D (@ 1.4999)

Average total power = 0.1 x 10^-2 D

Cylindrical resultant in optical axis = 0.1 x 10^-2 D Maximum off-axis cylinder = 0.2 D

For which the constant numerical coefficients were: a₀ = a₁ = a₃ = a₅ = a₇ = 0.0 a2 = 0.849057 x 10^-2a4 = 0.610000 x 10^-6a6 = 0.150000 x 10^-9

Example 14

Example 13 was repeated using a 9D design for the front surface of the optical zone and a circular 7D rear surface to define a full power + 2D integral lens element. The frontal curve generating the temporal extension was 4.5 D and resulted in a temporal zone with slight positive refractive power.

The surfaces were defined using the modified mathematical approximation described above with N = 2 and a negative value for the parameter α (-1,2). The surfaces have the characteristics specified in Table 7 below.

The resulting lens element is depicted in Figure 21.

Obviously, the lens element can be rotated or decentered to improve the aesthetic relationship with a wearer's face without the need to introduce a large lens curvature.

Example 15

Example 14 was repeated using a 12.00 D front surface for the optical zone and an 8.00 D rear surface to define an integral lens element of +4.00 D total power. The frontal curve of generation of the temporal extension was 4.25 D.

The resulting lens element has been represented in figure 22, and its surface characteristics are specified in Table 8. In this case, the temporal extension changes smoothly from the power of the optical zone (+4.00 D) to the plane .

Example 16

Example 15 was repeated again, using a generation front curve for the temporal extension of 12.00 D and setting N = 1, instead of N = 2 of the previous example of Figure 22.

The resulting lens element is shown in Figure 23, and its surface characteristics are specified in Table 9. In this case, the temporal extent is flat and the diameter of the optical zone is reduced.

Example 17

Example 14 was repeated using a 4.50 D front surface for the optical zone and an 8.50 D rear surface to define an integral lens element of -4.00 D total power. The frontal curve generating the temporal extension was 2.50 D.

The resulting lens element has been represented in figure 24, and its surface characteristics are specified in Table 10. In this case, the temporal extension changes smoothly from the power of the optical zone (-4.00 D) to the plane .

ES 2 200 157 T3

Example 18

Example 17 was repeated again using a frontal curve generating the temporal extension of 1.00 D and adjusting to N = 1, instead of N = 2 of the previous example of Figure 24.

The resulting lens element has been represented in Figure 25, and its surface characteristics are specified in Table 11. In this case, the temporal extension is flat, the lens has a thinner center, and the diameter of the optical zone is reduced. .

Example 19

Positive lens

Example 14 was repeated again using an 8.00 D temporal extension generating front curve. A 8.0 D tapered rear surface and a 1.1 D front surface were used to define a full power lens. of +3.0 D and a generally flat temporal extension with a narrow border thickness.

The resulting lens is depicted in Figure 26. The lens exhibits a discontinuity in the transition between the two design zones. The surface in figure 26 has the characteristics specified in Table 12.

Example 20

Example 19 was repeated to produce a +1.0 D lens with a basic temporal extent of 8.0 D.

The resulting lens has been depicted in Figure 27. The surface of Figure 27 has the characteristics specified in Table 13.

Example 21

Example 19 was repeated to produce a -2.0 D lens with a basic temporal extent of 8.0 D.

The resulting lens has been depicted in Figure 28. The surface of Figure 28 has the characteristics specified in Table 14.

Example 22

An optical lens element including a peripheral temporal zone was formed from a +11 D base front aspherical front surface and a +8 D base spherical back surface to achieve a + 3D lens element.

The curvature in the temporal region of the front surface is modified to correspond to the curvature of the posterior surface, thus defining a flat temporal extension.

The surfaces were designed using the modified mathematical formulas described above. Specifically, the lens element has a spherical or toric back surface the curvature of which is chosen to match the wrap-around frame. The front surface of the lens element is an aspherical surface with three distinct zones. The central prescription zone is developed to provide the desired total power and is optimized to minimize astigmatic and off-axis power errors. The front surface of the lens element in the periphery or region of temporal extension is a sphere designed not to give this region of the lens any full (flat) power as in non-prescription sunglasses. Between the inner and outer region, the surface develops from a polynomial groove whose purpose is to smoothly blend the central region with the periphery. Even though the surface is designed as a full rotation surface, only part of the surface is used in the current mount. Accordingly, the shape of the lens can be made such that only part of the total rotational surface is created prior to forming the fitting edge to the frame.

The surfaces have the characteristics specified in Table 15 below.

The resulting lens element is schematically represented in Figure 29.

Example 23

Example 22 was repeated using a 5.0 D base aspherical front surface and a 8.0 D base spherical back surface to define a -3.0 D base lens element.

The surfaces have the characteristics specified in Table 16 below.

The resulting lens element is depicted in Figure 30.

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TABLE 1 ASL Polycarbonate

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>ASPHERA</td><td> 8</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>3.00E.07</td><td>7.00E-11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td> 65.75</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td>SPHERES</td><td> 3</td><td>2.54E-03</td><td>1.64E-08</td><td>2.12E-13</td><td>3.43E-18</td><td> 196.67</td><td> 3.00</td>

<td></td><td> 5</td><td>4.24E-03</td><td>7.61E-08</td><td>2.73E-12</td><td>1.23E-16</td><td> 118.00</td><td> 5.00</td>

<td></td><td> 8.97</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>4.39E-07</td><td>5.08E-11</td><td>7.33E-15</td><td> 65.77</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td></td><td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>8ASL</td><td> 3</td><td> 5</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td> -30</td><td colspan="2"> 7.138</td><td> 8.740</td><td> 8.739</td>

<td> -25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 6.436</td><td> 7.542</td><td> 6.436</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 5.861</td><td> 6.570</td><td> 4.614</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 5.861</td><td> 6.570</td><td> 4.614</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 5.414</td><td> 5.820</td><td> 3.233</td>

<td> -10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 5.095</td><td> 5.287</td><td> 2.265</td>

<td> -5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 4.905</td><td> 4.969</td><td> 1.690</td>

<td> 0</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 4.841</td><td> 4.863</td><td> 1.500</td>

<td> 5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 4.905</td><td> 4.969</td><td> 1.690</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 5.095</td><td> 5.287</td><td> 2.265</td>

<td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 5.414</td><td> 5.820</td><td> 3.233</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 5.861</td><td> 6.570</td><td> 4.614</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 6.436</td><td> 7.542</td><td> 6.436</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 7.138</td><td></td><td> 8.740</td><td> 8.739</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 9.894</td><td></td><td></td><td> 11.581</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 13.221</td><td></td><td></td><td> 15,043</td>

<td> 45</td><td> 17.210</td><td></td><td></td><td> 19.240</td>

TABLE 2 ASL Polycarbonate

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>ASPHERA</td><td> 8</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>3.00E.07</td><td>7.00E-11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td> 65.75</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td>SPHERES</td><td> 3</td><td>2.54E-03</td><td>1.64E-08</td><td>2.12E-13</td><td>3.43E-18</td><td> 196.67</td><td> 3.00</td>

<td></td><td> 5</td><td>4.24E-03</td><td>7.61E-08</td><td>2.73E-12</td><td>1.23E-16</td><td> 118.00</td><td> 5.00</td>

<td></td><td> 8.97</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>4.39E-07</td><td>5.08E-11</td><td>7.33E-15</td><td> 65.77</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td></td><td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>8ASL</td><td> 3</td><td> 5</td><td> 8.97</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 2 (continued)

<td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>8ASL</td><td> 3</td><td> 5</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td> -30</td><td colspan="3"> 7.138</td><td> 8.739</td>

<td> -25</td><td> 4.887</td><td></td><td> 6.179</td><td> 6,436</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 4.520</td><td> 5.207</td><td> 4.614</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 4.520</td><td> 5.207</td><td> 4.614</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 4.073</td><td> 4.457</td><td> 3.233</td>

<td> -10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 3.754</td><td> 3.924</td><td> 2.265</td>

<td> -5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 3.564</td><td> 3.606</td><td> 1.690</td>

<td> 0</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 3.500</td><td> 3.500</td><td> 1.500</td>

<td> 5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 3.564</td><td> 3.606</td><td> 1.690</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 3.754</td><td> 3.924</td><td> 2.265</td>

<td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 4.073</td><td> 4.457</td><td> 3.233</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 4.520</td><td> 5.207</td><td> 4.614</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td></td><td> 6.179</td><td> 6.436</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 7.138</td><td></td><td></td><td> 8.739</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 9.894</td><td></td><td></td><td> 11.581</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 13.221</td><td></td><td></td><td> 15.043</td>

<td> 45</td><td> 17.210</td><td></td><td></td><td> 19.240</td>

TABLE 3 ASL Polycarbonate

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>ASPHERA</td><td> 8</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>3.00E.07</td><td>7.00E-11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td> 65.75</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td>SPHERES</td><td> 17</td><td>1.44E-02</td><td>2.99E-06</td><td>1.24E-09</td><td>6.44E-13</td><td> 34.71</td><td> 17.00</td>

<td></td><td> 13</td><td>1.10E-02</td><td>1.34E-06</td><td>3.25E-10</td><td>9.85E-14</td><td> 45.38</td><td> 13.00</td>

<td></td><td> 8.97</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>4.39E-07</td><td>5.08E-11</td><td>7.33E-15</td><td> 65.77</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td></td><td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>8ASL</td><td> 17</td><td> 13</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td> 30</td><td colspan="2"> 7.138</td><td> 12.800</td><td> 8.239</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td></td><td> 9.002</td><td> 5.936</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 7.758</td><td> 6.144</td><td> 4.114</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 7.837</td><td> 6.144</td><td> 4.114</td>

<td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 4.909</td><td> 4.050</td><td> 2.733</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 2.972</td><td> 2.615</td><td> 1.765</td>

<td> -5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 1.862</td><td> 1.776</td><td> 1.190</td>

<td> 0</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 1.500</td><td> 1.500</td><td> 1.000</td>

<td> 5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 1.862</td><td> 1.776</td><td> 1.190</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 2.972</td><td> 2.615</td><td> 1.765</td>

<td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 4.909</td><td> 4.050</td><td> 2.733</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 7.837</td><td> 6.144</td><td> 4.114</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td></td><td> 9.002</td><td> 5.936</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 7.138</td><td></td><td> 12.800</td><td> 8.239</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 9.894</td><td></td><td></td><td> 11.081</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 13.221</td><td></td><td></td><td> 14.543</td>

<td> 45</td><td> 17.210</td><td></td><td></td><td> 18.740</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 4 ASL Polycarbonate

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>ASPHERA</td><td> 8</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>3.00E.07</td><td>7.00E-11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td> 65.75</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td>SPHERES</td><td> 17</td><td>1.44E-02</td><td>2.99E-06</td><td>1.24E-09</td><td>6.44E-13</td><td> 34.71</td><td> 17.00</td>

<td></td><td> 13</td><td>1.10E-02</td><td>1.34E-06</td><td>3.25E-10</td><td>9.85E-14</td><td> 45.38</td><td> 13.00</td>

<td></td><td> 8.97</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>4.39E-07</td><td>5.08E-11</td><td>7.33E-15</td><td> 65.77</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td></td><td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>8ASL</td><td> 17</td><td> 13</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td> -30</td><td> 7.138</td><td> 10.733</td><td> 10.794</td><td> 8.329</td>

<td> -25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 9.038</td><td> 9.002</td><td> 5.936</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 7.758</td><td> 6.144</td><td> 4.114</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 4.909</td><td> 4.050</td><td> 2.733</td>

<td> -10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 2.972</td><td> 2.615</td><td> 1.765</td>

<td> -5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 1.862</td><td> 1.776</td><td> 1.190</td>

<td> 0</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 1.500</td><td> 1.500</td><td> 1.000</td>

<td> 5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 1.862</td><td> 1.776</td><td> 1.190</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 2.972</td><td> 2.615</td><td> 1.765</td>

<td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 4.101</td><td> 4.050</td><td> 2.733</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 7.837</td><td> 6.144</td><td> 4.114</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 9.038</td><td> 9.002</td><td> 5.936</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 7.138</td><td> 10.733</td><td> 10.794</td><td> 8.239</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 9.894</td><td> 12.872</td><td> 12.997</td><td> 11.081</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 13.221</td><td> 16.117</td><td> 15.821</td><td> 14.543</td>

<td> 45</td><td> 17.210</td><td> 19.360</td><td> 19.378</td><td> 18.740</td>

TABLE 5

Flat lens element with large wraparound curve

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Sphere</td><td> 9</td><td>7.60E-03</td><td>3.00E-07</td><td>7.00E-11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td> 65.75</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td>central</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Later</td><td> 9</td><td>7.63E-03</td><td>4.44E-07</td><td>5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td>Temples</td><td> 20</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td>4.87E-07</td><td>2.80E-09</td><td>2.01E-12</td><td></td><td> 0.00</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

Sag = SAG + α SAG^N

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 9</td><td>Sag1</td><td>Sag2</td><td></td><td>α1</td><td>N</td><td>α2</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -35</td><td> 9.894</td><td> 11.463</td><td colspan="2"> 13.542</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -30</td><td> 7.138</td><td> 7.329</td><td colspan="2"> 8.978</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 4.889</td><td colspan="2"> 6.439</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 3.094</td><td colspan="2"> 4.625</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 3.094</td><td colspan="2"> 4.625</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 1.727</td><td colspan="2"> 3.239</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 0.763</td><td colspan="2"> 2.267</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 0.190</td><td colspan="2"> 1.691</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> -22.5</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 0.000</td><td colspan="2"> 1.500</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 0.190</td><td colspan="2"> 1.691</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 0.763</td><td colspan="2"> 2.267</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 1.727</td><td colspan="2"> 3.239</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 3.094</td><td colspan="2"> 4.625</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 4.889</td><td colspan="2"> 6.439</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 30</td><td> 7.138</td><td> 7.329</td><td colspan="2"> 8.978</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 35</td><td> 9.894</td><td> 11.463</td><td colspan="2"> 13.582</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 22.5</td><td> 40</td><td> 13.221</td><td> 19.877</td><td colspan="2"> 23.420</td><td> 12</td><td> 1</td><td> 15</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">TABLE 6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

Flat lens element with large wraparound curve

<td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td colspan="2">Central asphere</td><td colspan="4">9 7.60E-03 3.00E-07 7.00E-11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td> 65.75</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td colspan="2">Later</td><td colspan="4">9 7.63E-03 4.44E-07 5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td colspan="2">Temples</td><td colspan="4">9 7.63E-03 4.44E-07 5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">Sag = SAG + α</td><td>SAG^N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 9</td><td>Sag1</td><td>Sag2</td><td></td><td>α1</td><td>N</td><td>α2</td>

<td> -25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -35</td><td> 9.894</td><td> 11.071</td><td> 13.053</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -30</td><td> 7.138</td><td> 7.211</td><td> 8.830</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 6.436</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 4.625</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 4.625</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 3.239</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 2.267</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 1.691</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> -25</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 0.000</td><td> 1.500</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 6 (continued)

Sag = SAG + α SAG^N

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 9</td><td>Sag1</td><td>Sag2</td><td></td><td>α1</td><td>N</td><td>α2</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.190</td><td> 0.190</td><td colspan="2"> 1.691</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 10</td><td> 0.763</td><td> 0.763</td><td colspan="2"> 2.267</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 15</td><td> 1.727</td><td> 1.727</td><td colspan="2"> 3.239</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 20</td><td> 3.094</td><td> 3.094</td><td colspan="2"> 4.625</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 25</td><td> 4.887</td><td> 4.887</td><td colspan="2"> 6.436</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 30</td><td> 7.138</td><td> 7.211</td><td colspan="2"> 8.830</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 35</td><td> 9.894</td><td> 11.071</td><td colspan="2"> 13.092</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 40</td><td> 13.221</td><td> 19.271</td><td colspan="2"> 22.662</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.5</td>

TABLE 7

<td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front surface</td><td> 9</td><td>7.63E-03</td><td>4.44E-07</td><td>5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td></td><td> 9</td><td>7.63E-03</td><td>4.44E-07</td><td>5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td>Back surface</td><td> 7</td><td>5.93E-03</td><td>2.09E-07</td><td>1.47E-11</td><td>1.29E-15</td><td> 84.29</td><td> 7.00</td>

<td>Frontal temples</td><td> 5.75</td><td>4.87E-03</td><td>1.16E-07</td><td>5.49E-12</td><td>3.26E-16</td><td> 102.61</td><td> 5.75</td>

Center thickness (mm) 2.61 Edge thickness (mm) 1.00

<td>RO</td><td>R</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 7</td><td>DSAG</td><td>sag</td><td>α</td><td>N</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -50</td><td></td><td> 22.94</td><td></td><td> 3.55</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -45</td><td></td><td> 17.82</td><td></td><td> 2.33</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -40</td><td></td><td> 13.60</td><td></td><td> 1.38</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -35</td><td></td><td> 10.12</td><td></td><td> 0.67</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -30</td><td></td><td> 7.27</td><td></td><td> 0.22</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -25</td><td> 4.95</td><td> 4.95</td><td> 6.40</td><td> 0.01</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -20</td><td> 3.13</td><td> 3.13</td><td> 5.02</td><td> 0.05</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -20</td><td> 3.13</td><td> 3.13</td><td> 5.02</td><td> 0.05</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -15</td><td> 1.74</td><td> 1.74</td><td> 3.96</td><td> 0.33</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -10</td><td> 0.77</td><td> 0.77</td><td> 3.21</td><td> 0.86</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.19</td><td> 0.19</td><td> 2.76</td><td> 1.64</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 2.61</td><td> 2.67</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.19</td><td> 0.19</td><td> 2.76</td><td> 3.97</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 10</td><td> 0.77</td><td> 0.77</td><td> 3.21</td><td> 5.54</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 15</td><td> 1.74</td><td> 1.74</td><td> 3.96</td><td> 7.40</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 20</td><td> 3.13</td><td> 3.13</td><td> 5.02</td><td> 9.56</td><td></td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 25</td><td> 4.95</td><td> 4.95</td><td> 6.40</td><td> 0.01</td><td> 4.95</td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 30</td><td> 7.27</td><td> 7.27</td><td> 8.13</td><td> 0.22</td><td> 7.22</td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 35</td><td></td><td> 10.12</td><td> 10.22</td><td> 0.89</td><td> 9.33</td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -23.25</td><td> 40</td><td></td><td> 13.60</td><td> 12.70</td><td> 1.38</td><td> 11.71</td><td> -1</td><td> 2</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 8

<td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front surface</td><td> 12</td><td>1.02E-02</td><td>1.05E-06</td><td>2.18E-10</td><td>5.62E-14</td><td> 49.17</td><td> 12.00</td>

<td></td><td> 12</td><td>1.02E-02</td><td>1.05E-06</td><td>2.18E-10</td><td>5.62E-14</td><td> 49.17</td><td> 12.00</td>

<td>Back surface</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.74</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Frontal temples</td><td> 4.25</td><td>3.60E-03</td><td>4.67E-08</td><td>1.21E-12</td><td>3.93E-17</td><td> 138.82</td><td> 4.25</td>

Center thickness (mm) 4.55 Edge thickness (mm) 0.91

<td>RO</td><td>R</td><td> 12</td><td> 12</td><td> 8</td><td>DSAG</td><td>sag</td><td>α</td><td>N</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -50</td><td></td><td> 37.59</td><td></td><td> 3.86</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -45</td><td></td><td> 27.66</td><td></td><td> 2.75</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -40</td><td></td><td> 20.22</td><td></td><td> 1.84</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -35</td><td></td><td> 14.56</td><td></td><td> 1.11</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -30</td><td></td><td> 10.20</td><td></td><td> 0.56</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -25</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 8.92</td><td> 0.20</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -20</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 7.31</td><td> 0.02</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -20</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 7.31</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -15</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 6.09</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -10</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 5.23</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 4.72</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 4.55</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 4.72</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 10</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 5.23</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 15</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 6.09</td><td></td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 20</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 7.31</td><td> 10.02</td><td></td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 25</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 8.92</td><td> 0.20</td><td> 6.77</td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 30</td><td></td><td> 10.20</td><td> 10.93</td><td> 0.56</td><td> 9.75</td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 35</td><td></td><td> 14.56</td><td> 13.38</td><td> 1.13</td><td> 12.73</td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -17.5</td><td> 40</td><td></td><td> 20.22</td><td> 16.33</td><td> 1.84</td><td> 15.42</td><td> -1.425</td><td> 2</td>

TABLE 9

<td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front surface</td><td> 12</td><td>1.02E-02</td><td>1.05E-06</td><td>2.18E-10</td><td>5.62E-14</td><td> 49.17</td><td> 12.00</td>

<td></td><td> 12</td><td>1.02E-02</td><td>1.05E-06</td><td>2.18E-10</td><td>5.62E-14</td><td> 49.17</td><td> 12.00</td>

<td>Back surface</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Frontal temples</td><td> 12</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td>1.05E-06</td><td>2.18E-10</td><td>5.62E-14</td><td></td><td> 0.00</td>

Center thickness (mm) 4.55 Edge thickness (mm) 0.84

ES 2 200 157 T3

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 12</td><td> 12</td><td> 8</td><td>DSAG</td><td>sag</td><td>α</td><td>N</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -50</td><td></td><td> 37.59</td><td></td><td> 2.10</td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -45</td><td></td><td> 27.66</td><td></td><td> 1.05</td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -40</td><td></td><td> 20.22</td><td></td><td> 0.47</td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -35</td><td></td><td> 14.56</td><td></td><td> 0.18</td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -30</td><td></td><td> 10.20</td><td></td><td> 0.06</td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -25</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 8.92</td><td> 0.01</td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -20</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 7.31</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -20</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 7.31</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -15</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 6.09</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -10</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 5.23</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 4.72</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 4.55</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 0.25</td><td> 4.72</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 10</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 5.23</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 15</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 6.09</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 20</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 4.25</td><td> 7.31</td><td></td><td></td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 25</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 6.83</td><td> 8.92</td><td> 0.01</td><td> 6.72</td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 30</td><td></td><td> 10.20</td><td> 10.93</td><td> 0.06</td><td> 9.64</td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 35</td><td></td><td> 14.56</td><td> 13.38</td><td> 0.18</td><td> 12.73</td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 40</td><td></td><td> 20.22</td><td> 16.33</td><td> 0.47</td><td> 15.50</td><td> -10</td><td> 1</td>

TABLE 10

<td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front surface</td><td> 4.5</td><td>3.81E-03</td><td>5.55E-08</td><td>1.61E-12</td><td>5.87E-17</td><td> 131.11</td><td> 4.50</td>

<td></td><td> 4.5</td><td>3.81E-03</td><td>5.55E-08</td><td>1.61E-12</td><td>5.87E-17</td><td> 131.11</td><td> 4.50</td>

<td>Back surface</td><td> 8.5</td><td>7.20E-03</td><td>3.74E-07</td><td>3.88E-11</td><td>5.03E-15</td><td> 69.41</td><td> 8.50</td>

<td>Frontal temples</td><td> 2.5</td><td>2.12E-03</td><td>9.51E-09</td><td>8.54E-14</td><td>9.58E-19</td><td> 236.00</td><td> 2.50</td>

Center thickness (mm) 1 Edge thickness (mm) 4.51

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 4.5</td><td> 4.5</td><td> 8.5</td><td>DSAG</td><td>sag</td><td>α</td><td>N</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -50</td><td></td><td> 9.91</td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 2.61</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -45</td><td></td><td> 7.96</td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 1.91</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -40</td><td></td><td> 6.25</td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 1.33</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -35</td><td></td><td> 4.76</td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 0.85</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -30</td><td></td><td> 3.48</td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 0.48</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -25</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 5.66</td><td colspan="2"> 0.21</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -20</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 3.94</td><td colspan="2"> 0.05</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -20</td><td> 1.53.</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 3.94</td><td colspan="2"> 0.05</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -15</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 2.64</td><td colspan="2"> 0.00</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -10</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 1.72</td><td colspan="2"> 0.05</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 1.18</td><td colspan="2"> 0.21</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 10 (continued)

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 4.5</td><td> 4.5</td><td> 8.5</td><td>DSAG</td><td>sag</td><td>α</td><td>N</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 1.00</td><td> 0.48</td><td></td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 1.18</td><td> 0.85</td><td></td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 10</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 1.72</td><td> 1.33</td><td></td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> - 15</td><td> 15</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 2.64</td><td> 1.91</td><td></td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 20</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 3.94</td><td> 2.61</td><td></td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 25</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 5.66</td><td> 0.21</td><td> 2.48</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 30</td><td></td><td> 3.48</td><td> 7.82</td><td> 0.48</td><td> 3.85</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 35</td><td></td><td> 4.76</td><td> 10.47</td><td> 0.85</td><td> 5.95</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 40</td><td></td><td> 6.25</td><td> 13.67</td><td> 1.33</td><td> 9.16</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2</td>

TABLE 11

<td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front surface</td><td> 4.5</td><td>3.81E-03</td><td>5.55E-08</td><td>1.61E-12</td><td>5.87E-17</td><td> 131.11</td><td> 4.50</td>

<td></td><td> 4.5</td><td>3.81E-03</td><td>5.55E-08</td><td>1.61E-12</td><td>5.87E-17</td><td> 131.11</td><td> 4.50</td>

<td>Surface</td><td> 8.5</td><td>7.20E-03</td><td>3.74E-07</td><td>3.88E-11</td><td>5.03E-15</td><td> 69.41</td><td> 8.50</td>

<td>later</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Frontal temples</td><td> 11</td><td>0.00E + 00</td><td>8.10E-07</td><td>1.41E-10</td><td>3.06E-14</td><td></td><td> 0.00</td>

Center thickness (mm) 1 Edge thickness (mm) 3.95

<td>R0</td><td>R</td><td> 4.5</td><td> 4.5</td><td> 8.5</td><td>DSAG</td><td>sag</td><td>α</td><td>N</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -50</td><td></td><td> 9.91</td><td></td><td> 1.54</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -45</td><td></td><td> 7.96</td><td></td><td> 0.78</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -40</td><td></td><td> 6.25</td><td></td><td> 0.36</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -35</td><td></td><td> 4.76</td><td></td><td> 0.14</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -30</td><td></td><td> 3.48</td><td></td><td> 0.04</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -25</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 5.66</td><td> 0.01</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -20</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 3.94</td><td> 0.00</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -20</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 3.94</td><td> 0.00</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -15</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 2.64</td><td> 0.00</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -10</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 1.72</td><td> 0.00</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> -5</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 1.18</td><td> 0.01</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 0</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 1.00</td><td> 0.04</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 5</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 0.10</td><td> 1.18</td><td> 0.14</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 10</td><td> 0,38</td><td> 0.38</td><td> 1.72</td><td> 0.36</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 15</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 0.86</td><td> 2.64</td><td> 0.78</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 20</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 1.53</td><td> 3.94</td><td> 1.54</td><td></td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 25</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 5.66</td><td> 0.01</td><td> 2.41</td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 30</td><td></td><td> 3.48</td><td> 7.82</td><td> 0.04</td><td> 3.83</td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 35</td><td></td><td> 4.76</td><td> 10.47</td><td> 0.14</td><td> 6.07</td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 40</td><td></td><td> 6.25</td><td> 13.67</td><td> 0.36</td><td> 9.73</td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 12

<td>Lens Rx</td><td> 3,00</td><td>Index</td><td> 1,59</td>

<td>Central depth</td><td> 2,10</td><td>Extension power</td><td> 0</td>

<td>Edge thickness</td><td> 1,00</td><td>Optical diameter</td><td> 0</td>

<td>Center thickness</td><td> 3,10</td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A0</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Center</td><td> 11.00</td><td> -3.00</td><td>9.32E-03</td><td>8.19E-07</td><td>1.41E-10</td><td>3.06E-14</td><td> 53.64</td><td> 11.00</td>

<td>Optical</td><td> 10.75</td><td> -2.83</td><td>9.11E-03</td><td>7.56E-07</td><td>1.26E-10</td><td>2.60E-14</td><td> 54.88</td><td> 10.75</td>

<td></td><td> 10.50</td><td> -2.55</td><td>8.00E-03</td><td>7.05E-07</td><td>1.12E-10</td><td>2.21E-14</td><td> 56.19</td><td> 10.50</td>

<td></td><td> 10.25</td><td> -2.48</td><td>8.69E-03</td><td>6.55E-07</td><td>9.89E-11</td><td>1.87E-14</td><td> 57.56</td><td> 10.25</td>

<td></td><td> 10.00</td><td> -2.30</td><td>8.47E-03</td><td>6.09E-07</td><td>8.74E-11</td><td>1.57E-14</td><td> 59.00</td><td> 10.00</td>

<td></td><td> 9.75</td><td> -2.13</td><td>8.26E-03</td><td>5.64E-07</td><td>7.70E-11</td><td>1.31E-14</td><td> 60.51</td><td> 9.75</td>

<td></td><td> 9.50</td><td> -1.95</td><td>8.05E-03</td><td>5.22E-07</td><td>6.76E-11</td><td>1.10E-14</td><td> 62.11</td><td> 9.50</td>

<td></td><td> 9.25</td><td> -1.78</td><td>7.84E-03</td><td>4.82E-07</td><td>5.92E-11</td><td>9.09E-15</td><td> 63.78</td><td> 9.25</td>

<td></td><td> 9.00</td><td> -1.60</td><td>7.63E-03</td><td>4.44E-07</td><td>5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td></td><td> 8.75</td><td> -1.43</td><td>7.42E-03</td><td>4.08E-07</td><td>4.48E-11</td><td>6.16E-15</td><td> 67.43</td><td> 8.75</td>

<td></td><td> 8.50</td><td> -1.25</td><td>7.20E-03</td><td>3.74E-07</td><td>3.88E-11</td><td>5.03E-15</td><td> 69.41</td><td> 8.50</td>

<td></td><td> 8.25</td><td> -1.08</td><td>6.99E-03</td><td>3.42E-07</td><td>3.34E-11</td><td>4.08E-15</td><td> 71.52</td><td> 8.25</td>

<td>Extension</td><td> 8.00</td><td> -0.90</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>2.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Mount</td><td> 8.00</td><td> 0.10</td><td>8.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Optics</td><td> 8.00</td><td> 0.10</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>later</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Camber R</td><td>Xtn</td><td>Frontal 11.0</td><td>Mount 8</td><td colspan="2">Later 8</td>

<td> -30.00</td><td></td><td> 6.169</td><td> 6.477</td><td> 6.477</td><td></td>

<td> -25.00</td><td></td><td> 3.182</td><td> 4.467</td><td> 4.467</td><td></td>

<td> -20.00</td><td></td><td> 0.868</td><td> 2.864</td><td> 2.864</td><td></td>

<td> -15.00</td><td></td><td> -0.860</td><td> 1.642</td><td> 1.642</td><td></td>

<td> -10.00</td><td></td><td> -2.060</td><td> 0.781</td><td> 0.781</td><td></td>

<td> -5.00</td><td></td><td> -2.766</td><td> 0.270</td><td> 0.270</td><td></td>

<td> 0.00</td><td></td><td> -3.000</td><td> 0.100</td><td> 0.100</td><td></td>

<td> 5.00</td><td></td><td> -2.766</td><td> 0.270</td><td> 0.270</td><td></td>

<td> 10.00</td><td></td><td> -2.060</td><td> 0.781</td><td> 0.781</td><td></td>

<td> 15.00</td><td></td><td> -0.860</td><td> 1.642</td><td> 1.642</td><td></td>

<td> 20.00</td><td> 0.868</td><td> 0.868</td><td> 2.864</td><td> 2.864</td><td></td>

<td> 25.00</td><td> 3.182</td><td> 3.199</td><td> 4.467</td><td> 4.467</td><td></td>

<td> 25.07</td><td> 3.218</td><td> 3.252</td><td> 4.492</td><td> 4.492</td><td>Thickness</td>

<td> 25.28</td><td> 3.329</td><td> 3.372</td><td> 4.567</td><td> 4.567</td><td> 1.268</td>

<td> 25.63</td><td> 3.516</td><td> 3.555</td><td> 4.695</td><td> 4.695</td><td> 1.240</td>

<td> 26.11</td><td> 3.783</td><td> 3.798</td><td> 4.877</td><td> 4.877</td><td> 1.195</td>

<td> 26.74</td><td> 4.137</td><td> 4.099</td><td> 5.117</td><td> 5.117</td><td> 1.140</td>

<td> 27.50</td><td> 4.584</td><td> 4.457</td><td> 5.419</td><td> 5.419</td><td> 1.079</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 12 (continued)

<td>Camber R</td><td>Xtn</td><td>Frontal</td><td>Mount</td><td>Later</td><td>Thickness</td>

<td> 28.40</td><td> 5.134</td><td> 4.872</td><td> 5.789</td><td> 5.789</td><td> 1.018</td>

<td> 29.44</td><td> 5.80</td><td> 5.343</td><td> 6.233</td><td> 6.233</td><td> 0.962</td>

<td> 30.63</td><td> 6.595</td><td> 5.871</td><td> 6.759</td><td> 6.759</td><td> 0.917</td>

<td> 31.94</td><td> 7.539</td><td> 6.455</td><td> 7.377</td><td> 7.377</td><td> 0.890</td>

<td> 33.40</td><td> 8.652</td><td> 7.097</td><td> 8.097</td><td> 8.097</td><td> 0.888</td>

<td> 35.00</td><td> 9.963</td><td> 7.933</td><td> 8.933</td><td> 8.933</td><td> 0.922</td>

<td> 40.00</td><td> 14.766</td><td> 10.884</td><td> 11.884</td><td> 11.884</td><td> 1000</td>

<td> 45.00</td><td> 20.882</td><td> 14.400</td><td> 15.400</td><td> 15.400</td><td> 1.000</td>

<td> 50.00</td><td></td><td> 18.573</td><td> 19.573</td><td> 19.573</td><td> 1.000</td>

1.000

TABLE 13

<td>Lens Rx</td><td> 1,0</td><td>Extension power</td><td> 0,00</td>

<td>Central depth</td><td> 2,43</td><td>Optical diameter</td><td> 60</td>

<td>Edge thickness</td><td> 1,000</td><td>Glasses aperture</td><td> 85</td>

<td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">Material: Polycarbonate</td>

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front optics</td><td> 9.0</td><td>7.63E-03</td><td>4.44E-07</td><td>5.16E-11</td><td>7.51E-15</td><td> 65.56</td><td> 9.00</td>

<td>Extension</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.13E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Mount</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Optical post-</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>rior</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td colspan="2">Camber</td><td>Later</td><td>Frontal</td><td>Exten.</td><td colspan="2">Mount</td><td></td>

<td></td><td>R</td><td> 8.00</td><td> 9.0</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> -25</td><td> 4.4965103</td><td colspan="2"> 2.6540148</td><td> 3.8665103</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 2.8936411</td><td> 0.8220304</td><td></td><td> 2.2636411</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 2.8936411</td><td> 0.8253341</td><td></td><td> 2.2636411</td>

<td> -15</td><td> 1.6715342</td><td> -0.560829</td><td></td><td> 1.0415342</td>

<td> -10</td><td> 0.8111113</td><td> -1.532799</td><td></td><td> 0.1811113</td>

<td> -5</td><td> 0.2996867</td><td> -2.109044</td><td></td><td> -0.330313</td>

<td> 0</td><td> 0.13</td><td> -2.3</td><td></td><td> -0.5</td>

<td> 5</td><td> 0.2996867</td><td> -2.109044</td><td></td><td> -0.330313</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 0.8111113</td><td> -1.532799</td><td></td><td> 0.1811113</td>

<td> 15</td><td> 1.6715342</td><td> -0.560829</td><td></td><td> 1.0415342</td>

<td> 20</td><td> 2.8936411</td><td> 0.8253341</td><td></td><td> 2.2636411</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 4.4965103</td><td> 2.6540148</td><td></td><td> 3.8665103</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 6.5071492</td><td> 4.9663551</td><td> 6.5071492</td><td> 5.8771492</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 8.9627803</td><td> 7.9627803</td><td> 8.9627803</td><td> 8.3327803</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 11.914111</td><td> 10.914111</td><td> 11.914111</td><td> 11.284111</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3

TABLE 14

<td colspan="8">Lens Rx -2.0 Extension Power -0.50</td>

<td colspan="5">Center thickness 1 Optical diameter Rim thickness 2.75 Spectacle aperture Basic curve 6.5 Material: Police</td><td colspan="3">55 70 bonato</td>

<td></td><td>B</td><td>A2</td><td>A4</td><td>A6</td><td>A8</td><td>r</td><td>D</td>

<td>Front optics</td><td> 6.5</td><td>5.51E-03</td><td>1.67E-07</td><td>1.01E-11</td><td>7.69E-16</td><td> 90.77</td><td> 6.50</td>

<td>Extension</td><td> 8.5</td><td>7.20E-03</td><td>3.74E-07</td><td>3.88E-11</td><td>5.03E-15</td><td> 69.41</td><td> 8.50</td>

<td>Mount</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td>Rear optics</td><td> 8</td><td>6.78E-03</td><td>3.12E-07</td><td>2.86E-11</td><td>3.29E-15</td><td> 73.75</td><td> 8.00</td>

<td colspan="3">Rear Camber</td><td>Frontal</td><td>Exten.</td><td>Mount</td><td></td><td></td>

<td colspan="3">R 8.00</td><td> 6.5</td><td> 8.5</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td>

<td colspan="2"> -25</td><td> 3.5106816</td><td> 5.6583626</td><td> 4.3665103</td>

<td> -20</td><td></td><td> 2.2301528</td><td> 3.9437713</td><td> 2.7636411</td>

<td> -20</td><td></td><td> 2.230802</td><td> 3.9437713</td><td> 2.7636411</td>

<td> -15</td><td></td><td> 1.247986</td><td> 3.9437713</td><td> 2.7636411</td>

<td> -10</td><td></td><td> 0.5525291</td><td> 1.724116</td><td> 1.5415342</td>

<td> -5</td><td></td><td> 0.1378165</td><td> 1.180319</td><td> 0.1696867</td>

<td> 0</td><td></td><td> 0</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td>

<td> 5</td><td></td><td> 0.1378165</td><td> 1.180319</td><td> 0.1696867</td>

<td> 10</td><td></td><td> 0.5525291</td><td> 1.724116</td><td> 0.6811113</td>

<td> 15</td><td></td><td> 1.247986</td><td> 2.6401398</td><td> 1.5415342</td>

<td> 20</td><td></td><td> 2.230802</td><td> 3.9437713</td><td> 2.7636411</td>

<td> 25</td><td> 3.5105103</td><td> 3.5103816</td><td> 3.6583626</td><td> 4.3665103</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 5.5211492</td><td> 5.4609142</td><td> 7.8173879</td><td> 6.3771492</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 7.9767803</td><td> 7.9767803</td><td> 10.467686</td><td> 8.8327803</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 10.928111</td><td> 10.928111</td><td> 13.674148</td><td> 11.784111</td>

TABLE 15

Lens radius

40,0

Front surface

Number of polynomial pieces

Polynomial degree 3

Front surface (1 piece)

Polynomial degree 8

Optically optimized central surface aspherical coefficients are applied from r = 0 to r = 20. + 0.00000D + 00 0 + 0.000000 + 00 1

ES 2 200 157 T3 + 1.03280D-02 2 + 0.000000 + 00 3 + 1.26810D-06 4 + 0.00000D + 00 5 + 3.00100D-10 6 + 0.00000D + 00 7 + 1.82900D-13 8

Mix radius (1-2)

Front surface (2 pieces)

Polynomial degree 3

The polynomial spline is applied that mixes the inner aspheric to the outer sphere from r = 20 to r = 35

-7.53462D + 00 0 + 8.36819D-01 1

-1.75540D-02 2 + 2.72230D-4 3

Mix radius (2-3)

Front surface (3 pieces)

Polynomial degree 8

External sphere coefficients are applied outside r = 35 + 2.10000D + 00 0 + 0.00000D + 00 1 + 7.43494D-03 2 + 0.00000D + 00 3 + 4.10992D-07 4 + 0.00000D + 00 5 +4.54379 D-11 6 + 0.0000D + 00 7 + 6.27934D-158

Central thickness

3,1

Back surface

Number of polynomial pieces

ES 2 200 157 T3

Back surface (1 piece)

Polynomial degree 8

Back surface sphere coefficients + 3.10000D + 00 + 0.00000D + 00 + 7.54717D-03 + 0.00000D + 00 + 4.29885D-07 + 0.00000D + 00 + 4.89723D-11 + 0.00000D + 00 +6.97363 D-15

<td> 25</td><td>Radio 0.00 1.00 2.00</td><td>Thickness 3.10 3.10 3.09</td><td>camber (frontal) 0.00 0.01 0.04</td><td>camber (posterior) 0.00 0.01 0.03</td><td>zFront 0.00 0.01 0.04</td><td>zBack 3.10 3.11 3.13</td><td>TCrv 10.95 10.95 10.95</td>

<td> 30</td><td> 3.00</td><td> 3.07</td><td> 0.09</td><td> 0.07</td><td> 0.09</td><td> 3.17</td><td> 10.96</td>

<td></td><td> 4.00</td><td> 3.06</td><td> 0.17</td><td> 0.12</td><td> 0.17</td><td> 3.22</td><td> 10.96</td>

<td></td><td> 5.00</td><td> 3.03</td><td> 0.26</td><td> 0.19</td><td> 0.26</td><td> 3.29</td><td> 10.97</td>

<td></td><td> 6.00</td><td> 3.00</td><td> 0.37</td><td> 0.27</td><td> 0.37</td><td> 3.37</td><td> 10.99</td>

<td> 35</td><td> 7.00</td><td> 2.96</td><td> 0.51</td><td> 0.37</td><td> 0.51</td><td> 3.47</td><td> 11.00</td>

<td></td><td> 8.00</td><td> 2.92</td><td> 0.67</td><td> 0.48</td><td> 0.67</td><td> 3.58</td><td> 11.02</td>

<td></td><td> 9.00</td><td> 2.87</td><td> 0.85</td><td> 0.61</td><td> 0.85</td><td> 3.71</td><td> 11.03</td>

<td></td><td> 10.00</td><td> 2.81</td><td> 1.05</td><td> 0.76</td><td> 1.05</td><td> 3.86</td><td> 11.05</td>

<td> 40</td><td> 11.00</td><td> 2.75</td><td> 1.27</td><td> 0.92</td><td> 1.27</td><td> 4.02</td><td> 11.08</td>

<td></td><td> 12.00</td><td> 2.68</td><td> 1.51</td><td> 1.10</td><td> 1.51</td><td> 4.20</td><td> 11,10</td>

<td></td><td> 13.00</td><td> 2.60</td><td> 1.78</td><td> 1.29</td><td> 1.78</td><td> 4.39</td><td> 11.13</td>

<td></td><td> 14.00</td><td> 2.52</td><td> 2.08</td><td> 1.50</td><td> 2.08</td><td> 4.60</td><td> 11.17</td>

<td rowspan="2"> 45</td><td> 15.00</td><td> 2.43</td><td> 2.39</td><td> 1.72</td><td> 2.39</td><td> 4.82</td><td> 11.20</td>

<td> 16.00</td><td> 2.33</td><td> 2.73</td><td> 1.96</td><td> 2.73</td><td> 5.06</td><td> 11.24</td>

<td></td><td> 17.00</td><td> 2.22</td><td> 3.10</td><td> 2.22</td><td> 3.10</td><td> 5.32</td><td> 11.29</td>

<td></td><td> 18.00</td><td> 2.10</td><td> 3.49</td><td> 2.49</td><td> 3.49</td><td> 5.59</td><td> 11.34</td>

<td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td> 19.00</td><td> 1.97</td><td> 3.91</td><td> 2.78</td><td> 3.91</td><td> 5.88</td><td> 11.39</td>

<td> 20.00</td><td> 1.83</td><td> 4.36</td><td> 3.09</td><td> 4.36</td><td> 6.19</td><td> -0.97</td>

<td></td><td> 21.00</td><td> 1.70</td><td> 4.82</td><td> 3.42</td><td> 4.82</td><td> 6.52</td><td> -0.32</td>

<td></td><td> 22.00</td><td> 1,58</td><td> 5.28</td><td> 3.76</td><td> 5.28</td><td> 6.86</td><td> 0.33</td>

<td></td><td> 23.00</td><td> 1.48</td><td> 5.74</td><td> 4.12</td><td> 5.74</td><td> 7.22</td><td> 0.98</td>

<td> 55</td><td> 24.00</td><td> 1.40</td><td> 6.20</td><td> 4.50</td><td> 6.20</td><td> 7.60</td><td> 1.62</td>

<td></td><td> 25.00</td><td> 1.33</td><td> 6.67</td><td> 4.90</td><td> 6.67</td><td> 8.00</td><td> 2.25</td>

<td></td><td> 26.00</td><td> 1.27</td><td> 7.14</td><td> 5.31</td><td> 7.14</td><td> 8.41</td><td> 2.87</td>

<td></td><td> 27.00</td><td> 1.23</td><td> 7.62</td><td> 5.75</td><td> 7.62</td><td> 8.85</td><td> 3.47</td>

<td> 60</td><td> 28.00</td><td> 1.20</td><td> 8.11</td><td> 6.21</td><td> 8.11</td><td> 9.31</td><td> 4.06</td>

<td></td><td> 29.00</td><td> 1.17</td><td> 8.61</td><td> 6.68</td><td> 8.61</td><td> 9.78</td><td> 4.62</td>

ES 2 200 157 T3 (continued)

<td>Radio</td><td>Thickness</td><td>camber (frontal)</td><td>camber (posterior)</td><td>zFront</td><td>zBack</td><td>TCrv</td>

<td> 30.00</td><td> 1.16</td><td> 9.12</td><td> 7.18</td><td> 9.12</td><td> 10.28</td><td> 5.15</td>

<td> 31.00</td><td> 1.15</td><td> 9.65</td><td> 7.70</td><td> 9.65</td><td> 10.80</td><td> 5.65</td>

<td> 32.00</td><td> 1.15</td><td> 10.19</td><td> 8.24</td><td> 10.19</td><td> 11.34</td><td> 6.12</td>

<td> 33.00</td><td> 1.15</td><td> 10.75</td><td> 8.80</td><td> 10.75</td><td> 11.90</td><td> 6.55</td>

<td> 34.00</td><td> 1.16</td><td> 11.32</td><td> 9.39</td><td> 11.32</td><td> 12.49</td><td> 6.94</td>

<td> 35.00</td><td> 1.17</td><td> 11.92</td><td> 10.00</td><td> 11.92</td><td> 13.10</td><td> 7.29</td>

<td> 36.00</td><td> 1.19</td><td> 12.54</td><td> 10.63</td><td> 12.54</td><td> 13.73</td><td> 7.78</td>

<td> 37.00</td><td> 1.20</td><td> 13.19</td><td> 11.29</td><td> 13.19</td><td> 14.39</td><td> 7.76</td>

<td> 38.00</td><td> 1.22</td><td> 13.86</td><td> 11.97</td><td> 13.86</td><td> 14.07</td><td> 7.73</td>

<td> 39.00</td><td> 1.23</td><td> 14.55</td><td> 12.68</td><td> 14.55</td><td> 15.78</td><td> 7.70</td>

<td> 40.00</td><td> 1.25</td><td> 15.28</td><td> 13.42</td><td> 15.28</td><td> 16.52</td><td> 7.67</td>

TABLE 16

Lens radius

40,0

Front surface

Number of polynomial pieces

Polynomial degree 3

Front surface (1 piece)

Polynomial degree 8

Optically optimized central surface aspherical coefficients are applied from r = 0 to r = 20. + 0.00000D + 00 + 0.00000D + 00 + 4.52750D-03 + 0.00000D + 00 + 1.17470D-07 + 0.00000D + 00

-7.92780D-11 + 0.00000D + 00 + 1.86270D-14

Mix radius (1-2)

Front surface (2 pieces)

Polynomial degree 3 + 1.44473D + 01

-1.66106D + 00 + 6.22643D-02

ES 2 200 157 T3

-5.38318D-04

Mix radius (2-3)

Front surface (3 pieces)

Polynomial degree 8

External aspherical coefficients are applied outside r = 35 + 0.00000D + 00 + 0.00000D + 00 + 7.43494D-03 + 0.000000 + 00 + 4.10992D-07 + 0.00000D.00 + 4.54379D-11 + 0.00000D + 00 + 6.27934D-15

Central thickness

Back surface

Number of polynomial pieces

Back surface (1 piece)

Polynomial degree 8 + 1.00000D + 00 + 0.00000D + 00 + 7.54717D-03 + 0.00000D + 00 + 4.29885D-07 + 0.00000D + 00 + 4.89723D-11 + 0.00000D + 00 + 6.97363D-15

ES 2 200 157 T3

<td>Radio</td><td>Thickness</td><td>camber (frontal)</td><td>camber (posterior)</td><td>zFront</td><td>zBack</td><td>TCrv</td>

<td> 0.00</td><td> 1.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 1.00</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 1.00</td><td> 1.00</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 0.01</td><td> 0.00</td><td> 1.01</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 2.00</td><td> 1.01</td><td> 0.02</td><td> 0.03</td><td> 0.02</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 3.00</td><td> 1.03</td><td> 0.04</td><td> 0.07</td><td> 0.04</td><td> 1.07</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 4.00</td><td> 1.05</td><td> 0.07</td><td> 0.12</td><td> 0.07</td><td> 1.12</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 5.00</td><td> 1.08</td><td> 0.11</td><td> 0.19</td><td> 0.11</td><td> 1.19</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 6.00</td><td> 1.11</td><td> 0.16</td><td> 0.27</td><td> 0,16</td><td> 1.27</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 7.00</td><td> 1.15</td><td> 0.22</td><td> 0.37</td><td> 0.22</td><td> 1.37</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 8.00</td><td> 1.19</td><td> 0.29</td><td> 0.48</td><td> 0.29</td><td> 1.48</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 9.00</td><td> 1.25</td><td> 0.37</td><td> 0.61</td><td> 0.37</td><td> 1.61</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 10.00</td><td> 1.31</td><td> 0.45</td><td> 0.76</td><td> 0.45</td><td> 1.76</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 11.00</td><td> 1.37</td><td> 0.55</td><td> 0.92</td><td> 0.55</td><td> 1.92</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 12.00</td><td> 1.44</td><td> 0.65</td><td> 1.10</td><td> 0.65</td><td> 2.10</td><td> 4.80</td>

<td> 13.00</td><td> 1.52</td><td> 0.77</td><td> 1.29</td><td> 0.77</td><td> 2.29</td><td> 4.79</td>

<td> 14.00</td><td> 1.60</td><td> 0.89</td><td> 1.50</td><td> 0.89</td><td> 2.50</td><td> 4.78</td>

<td> 15.00</td><td> 1.70</td><td> 1.02</td><td> 1.72</td><td> 1.02</td><td> 2.72</td><td> 4.77</td>

<td> 16.00</td><td> 1.80</td><td> 1.17</td><td> 1.96</td><td> 1.17</td><td> 2.96</td><td> 4.76</td>

<td> 17.00</td><td> 1.90</td><td> 1.32</td><td> 2.22</td><td> 1.32</td><td> 3.22</td><td> 4.75</td>

<td> 18.00</td><td> 2.02</td><td> 1.48</td><td> 2.49</td><td> 1.48</td><td> 3.49</td><td> 4.73</td>

<td> 19.00</td><td> 2.14</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 2.78</td><td> 1.65</td><td> 3.78</td><td> 4.71</td>

<td> 20.00</td><td> 2.27</td><td> 1.83</td><td> 3.09</td><td> 1.83</td><td> 4.09</td><td> 30.22</td>

<td> 21.00</td><td> 2.38</td><td> 2.04</td><td> 3.42</td><td> 2.04</td><td> 4.42</td><td> 27.60</td>

<td> 22.00</td><td> 2.45</td><td> 2.31</td><td> 3.76</td><td> 2.31</td><td> 4.76</td><td> 24.97</td>

<td> 23.00</td><td> 2.49</td><td> 2.63</td><td> 4.12</td><td> 2.63</td><td> 5.12</td><td> 22.42</td>

<td> 24.00</td><td> 2.50</td><td> 3.00</td><td> 4.50</td><td> 3.00</td><td> 5.50</td><td> 20.00</td>

<td> 25.00</td><td> 2.47</td><td> 3.42</td><td> 4.90</td><td> 3.42</td><td> 5.90</td><td> 17.74</td>

<td> 26.00</td><td> 2.43</td><td> 3.89</td><td> 5.31</td><td> 3.89</td><td> 6.31</td><td> 15.66</td>

<td> 27.00</td><td> 2.36</td><td> 4.39</td><td> 5.75</td><td> 4.39</td><td> 6.75</td><td> 13.75</td>

<td> 28.00</td><td> 2.27</td><td> 4.94</td><td> 6.21</td><td> 4.94</td><td> 7.21</td><td> 12.01</td>

<td> 29.00</td><td> 2.17</td><td> 5.51</td><td> 6.68</td><td> 5.51</td><td> 7.68</td><td> 10.42</td>

<td> 30.00</td><td> 2.06</td><td> 6.12</td><td> 7.18</td><td> 6.12</td><td> 8.18</td><td> 8.97</td>

<td> 31.00</td><td> 1.95</td><td> 6.75</td><td> 7.70</td><td> 6.75</td><td> 8.70</td><td> 7.65</td>

<td> 32.00</td><td> 1.83</td><td> 7.41</td><td> 8.24</td><td> 7.41</td><td> 9.24</td><td> 6.43</td>

<td> 33.00</td><td> 1.71</td><td> 8.09</td><td> 8.80</td><td> 8.09</td><td> 9.80</td><td> 5.30</td>

<td> 34.00</td><td> 1.60</td><td> 8.79</td><td> 9.39</td><td> 8.79</td><td> 10.39</td><td> 4.25</td>

<td> 35.00</td><td> 1.49</td><td> 9,50</td><td> 10.00</td><td> 9.50</td><td> 11.00</td><td> 3.26</td>

<td> 36.00</td><td> 1.40</td><td> 10.23</td><td> 10.63</td><td> 10.23</td><td> 11.63</td><td> 2.31</td>

<td> 37.00</td><td> 1.33</td><td> 10.96</td><td> 11.29</td><td> 10.96</td><td> 12.29</td><td> 1.39</td>

<td> 38.00</td><td> 1.27</td><td> 11.70</td><td> 11.97</td><td> 11.70</td><td> 12.97</td><td> 0.49</td>

<td> 39.00</td><td> 1.25</td><td> 12.44</td><td> 12.68</td><td> 12.44</td><td> 13.68</td><td> -0.40</td>

<td> 40.00</td><td> 1.25</td><td> 13.18</td><td> 13.42</td><td> 13.18</td><td> 14.42</td><td> -1.29</td>

Finally, it is to be understood that various other modifications and / or alterations can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention defined in the claims.