Method of introducing optical cable into a solid bed

ES 2 179 963 T3

DESCRIPTION

Procedure and placement unit to introduce a fiber optic cable into a firm placement floor.

The invention relates to a method for laying, with the aid of a laying unit, at least one fiber-optic cable, comprising a tube and conductors of light waves introduced in the west, on a firm ground. The invention also concerns a suitable placement unit for this.

Document DE-A1-41 15 907 discloses a cable plow for laying cables in the ground, in particular in the area of ​​the water bottom. Here, a rotary milling wheel is arranged in front of the blade of the cable plow, which additionally performs vertical oscillations, so that hard objects in the area of ​​the trench to be excavated can also break off. With this cable plow, relatively wide trenches are dug by displacing the earth with the help of the plow blade. Devices of this type are used in particular in coastal areas, being guided underwater with corresponding control devices. When laying cables on the ground, in most cases the material is removed over a width of 60 to 100 cm and to a cable laying depth of approximately 70 cm, so that the effort for laying is relatively large.

Furthermore, from document DE-A130 01 226 a network of lines for the transmission of signals is known, the signals being transmitted by means of fiber cables placed in a network of tubes or channels of an existing power supply system. However, here are predetermined fixed layouts for laying, in which inputs and outputs for the cable to be laid must be adequately provided.

As an alternative to this, for short distances they can also be used in drilling or injection procedures, whereby a tube is placed horizontally in the ground. A disadvantage of this system is also the high costs for the laying machines and the material.

In JP-A-61 107 306 a light wave conductor is disclosed, which was provided with a metal tube, to increase the tensile strength. The light wave conductor was provided with a vinyl, nylon or urethane coating, these materials having elastic properties, thus protecting the light wave conductor mechanically from external influences. To increase the tensile strength, a metal tube is additionally placed, leaving it loosely first. The tube is then stretched, thereby fixing itself on the coated light wave conductor.

Document FR-A-2 677 137 discloses a repair procedure for fiber optic cables, which are composed of a tube and conductors of light waves introduced therein. A piece of adapted tube is inserted into the defective site, with which the ends of the defective tube are reattached, covering the defective site.

Document EP-A-0 553 991-A1 discloses a repair procedure for conventional optical fiber cables, using two cable sleeves, in which the connections of the light wave conductors are established through a piece of middle wire.

The present invention has the object of creating a procedure for the placement of at least one ooptic fiber cable, in which the effort required for placement can be reduced, and the effort required for the ooptic fiber cable system used must also be adapted to the type of placement. This object is achieved, according to the invention, with a first method of the type explained at the beginning in such a way that, as an ooptic fiber cable, a micro-cable or mini-cable with an outer diameter of the tube of 2.0 to 10 mm, preferably of 3.5 to 5.5 mm, in which the tube is homogeneous and impervious to water under pressure, a placement groove with a width of 4.5 to 12 mm is inserted into the firm laying floor with the laying unit, preferably 7 mm, adapted to the diameter of the microcable or mini-cable, inserting the microcable or mini-cable through a power supply element into the placement groove and maintaining fundamentally at a constant placement depth and filling the placement groove after inserting the microcable or mini-cable with filler material by means of an attached filling device.

The proposed object is achieved, according to the invention, with a second procedure of the type explained at the beginning, so that a micro or minicable (1), the tube of which has an outer diameter of 2.0 to 10 mm, preferably 3.5 at 5.5 mm, a wall thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm and a ratio of wall thickness to outside diameter between 1/5 and 1/20, preferably 1/10, it is pressurized with a laying unit such as fiber optic cable in abandoned feed pipes (31) for wastewater, gas or water.

The proposed object is achieved, according to the invention, with a third procedure of the type explained at the beginning, so that a micro-cable or mini-cable (1), the tube of which has an outer diameter of 2.0 to 10 mm, preferably 3.5 at 5.5 mm, a wall thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm and a ratio of wall thickness to outside diameter between 1/5 and 1/20, preferably 1/10, It is inserted with a laying unit such as fiber optic cable in existing and active feed pipes (31) for wastewater, gas or water.

A great advantage of the procedure according to the invention is that it takes a relatively short time for placement, so that it was used especially in places where long-term obstacles are undesirable. This is particularly the case, for example, when it comes to laying new or additional cables and when this laying must be done in urban areas with high traffic. If possible, blockages or detours should be waived. The pa2

ES 2 179 963 Working steps, milling, positioning and sealing of the groove can be carried out one after the other, being convenient to carry them out in one operation by means of a combination of machines. In this way, the trophic load will not be slightly greater than that caused by a mechanical sweeper. This need also exists, for example, when all the laid pipes, cable ducts or pipe runs are already completely occupied with cables, and in this case they can be spliced, without interruption, with the newly laid cables. Tubular miniature telecommunication cables, which are called microcables or minicables, are particularly suitable for this. These repositioned mini or micro cables should preferably be connected to form a redundant overlay network.

A minicable or microcable of this type is formed, according to the invention, of a homogeneous and impermeable tube under pressure with a very small diameter of 2.0 to 10 mm, preferably 2.2 to 5.5 mm. These tubes have a wall thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm. The most favorable values ​​for buckling breaking strength are achieved with a ratio of wall thickness to outside diameter between 1/5 and 1/20, preferably about 1/10. The smallest inside diameter of the tube used is 1.8 mm. This tube can be made of metal, for example chromium-nickel molybdenum steel (CrNiMo188), aluminum alloys, copper or copper or plastic alloys, for example with interlayer reinforcement of carbon fibers, glass or a sintered carbon fiber structure. These tubes can be extruded, welded, bent or longitudinally glued at the overlap point. The light wave conductors were then introduced into the tube either after placing the empty tube or already during work. The introduction of the light wave conductors can be carried out by blowing or injection.

The mini tubular cable can be introduced by different types of procedures according to the invention in the firm laying floors:

1. Placement can be performed with a placement device featuring a milling wheel, with the help of which a narrow placement groove with a width of 4 to 12 mm, preferably 7 mm, and a depth of 50 to 100 mm is milled. , preferably 70 mm, on the firm laying floor, in particular on an existing traffic lane.

two. A mini-cable of this type can also be pressed into abandoned supply pipes (sewage, gas, water). They are especially suitable for laying abandoned supply company pipes. They largely coincide with the planning of the food network to be carried out. Also, when the abandoned tube is in poor condition, the thin metal tubes of the mini-cable can be inserted, since they are pressed in the longitudinal direction, passing through obstacles such as dirt, rust and the like. The mini-cable does not sag in the tubes, since it was held by the abandoned supply line. After exiting these pipes, the placement can also be continued with the help of other placement procedures.

3. A mini cable can be inserted into existing, active feed pipes (sewage, water). This hardly impairs the operation of the supply pipes. The mini tubular cable is resistant to pressure water, sewage and corrosion. Thanks to the great wall thickness of the metal tube, it is protected against rodents. It can be assumed that the network of light wave conductors to be installed coincides with the existing power supply network. In this way, jobs on land can be reduced to a mononym. Corresponding gaskets must be provided at the corresponding points to allow the mini-cable to exit the supply pipes.

Four. The mini cables can also be driven into the laying floor by means of earth displacement or injection procedures. In this case, the tube of the mini-cable is introduced first as mechanical protection in the earth. It is convenient to blown or later inject very fine fiber conductors or "blown fiber". To minimize friction during blowing, tubes made without welding, with a smooth inner side, are internally lined with a layer of plastic, eg PTFE. This layer is precipitated, for example, from a PTFE suspension when the metal tube is heated to a corresponding temperature. This layer also protects the interior space of the tube from corrosion and dirt. Ground displacement and push-in procedures are known in which a drilling head with a chamfered side rotates continuously. When the drill head does not rotate, the drill body deviates to its chamfered side. This way you can get around obstacles. For example, small stones can be removed by pressure using a jet of water at very high pressure. The tube or tube cuts or injects a path through the soil and supports the advancement of the pressure introduction procedure. Water pressure can also displace a piston in the drill body. The shock-like movement of the drilling head breaks obstacles in this way more easily and reduces sticking friction in the drive-in process.

The friction between the wall and the ground can be further reduced by an elastic extension of the pipe. To do this, an outlet valve should be placed at the end of the tube.

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By using the tube-shaped minicable according to the invention, special advantages now result, which will be described below. The placement or use is done with the help of a hollow tube, which is already equipped with light wave conductors such as cable; however, there is also the possibility of introducing the light wave conductors later. By choosing the appropriate wall thickness, sufficient protection against mechanical stress, corrosion and rodents is guaranteed. In addition, there is a high stability of the tube or tube to the transverse pressure. Techniques known in principle can be used in pipe extensions and waterproofing, with insulating displacement rings or a shrinkage procedure. In the case of extensions of the copper tube, it is possible to make, for example, a connection by means of cold pressure welding. Otherwise, the tube can be treated as a normal installation tube, referring to these techniques to bending, the placement of splices, branches and inlets in sleeves. Cylindrical metal fittings are also suitable for this, into which the mini-cable can be inserted tightly. In the case of laying from the ground surface, the surface is only minimally destroyed, which is especially advantageous in case of laying in traffic lanes. Furthermore, due to the rigidity, it is possible and useful to pull and tighten the mini cable during installation. Due to the small diameter of a mini-cable of this type, the earth displacement is also particularly low, the displacement of the volume in the earth arranged around it can be carried out when the cable is pressed under pressure or when it is inserted by traction.

A micro-cable or mini-cable in the form of a tube is especially suitable for laying on a road or sidewalks, since the structure of the road is hardly destroyed by the necessary groove. Only a 4 to 12 mm wide slot with a depth of approximately 70 mm is required to ensure the safety of such a cable. If possible, the grooves for the cable housing should be arranged only in the shoulders along the road, since that is where they are least requested. The slot made is refilled after the cable or tube is inserted and sealed to protect it from the ingress of surface water. In this seal there should not be any gaps, in which surface water can accumulate. The road surfacing can be easily restored. In case of applying repair measures, only be careful not to damage the mini-cable or micro-cable already in place when milling the road surface.

In the case of laying with a microcable and the corresponding laying procedures according to the invention, considerable cost reductions are achieved for the laying technique, resulting in a clear reduction of the overall costs for the line technique in a new installation. . In addition, it increases functional safety thanks to a redundant layout. It is also advantageous that ring-shaped network structures with different connection possibilities can be formed from the rigid star-branched networks that have existed up to now. In this way, a flexible and intelligent network configuration is achieved, and microcables can also be connected with optical switches. Consequently, a ring of connecting fibers with optical switching would be possible, the fibers of the light wave conductors reaching the subscriber. It is a great advantage that subsequent placement on driveways, sidewalks, bike lanes, curbs and the like is possible with little effort. In this way, a technical concept can be easily adapted to the wishes of the operators, taking advantage of the existing infrastructure (rights of way, pipes for sewage, gas, heat for heating, etc.). An important factor is that thanks to this technique a great saving of time can be achieved compared to the standard technique.

When inserting a laying groove in the asphalt cover of a national road, which is made up of a 4 cm top cover layer, an approximately 8 cm adhesive layer and a 10 to 15 cm support layer, they must be taken into account. different points. The bitumen part is reduced towards the support layer, while the coarse-grained filler pieces increase. However, bitumen guarantees cohesion between the different layers. When milling work up to the asphalt support layer, the laying groove has a stability such that no material falls off any more, maintaining the overall structure of the road superstructure. During milling, the bitumen backing layer should not be cut up to the frost protection layer of the substructure, as this could cause weak spots to form in the asphalt layer package, which could destroy the bonding of the layers to each other. , being able to lead in a short time to deterioration of the road. If the mini-cable is nevertheless installed waterproof and protected against frost, this intervention has no influence on the mechanics of the soil. However, modern roads are protected against frost, since the gravel substructure supports and absorbs the load. It evacuates the water from the ground to the earth or to drainage pipes and a watertight cover layer, which does not present injuries, does not let surface water enter. Therefore, frost damage cannot occur. With this minimum width of the positioning groove and a milling without vibrations, the mechanical structure of the road is maintained. Immediately after installation, the installation slot is closed again, protected against frost by means of a hot-melt bitumen or a bitumen tape.

However, very large traffic flows can cause repackaging and creeps in the road superstructure (lane gorges, parking lane). For this reason, it is advisable to wrap the mini-cable immediately after installation in foam, with a hardenable plastic in the installation groove. After hardening, the foam achieves a pressure resistance sufficient to evenly distribute the load of the

ES 2 179 963 T3 road surfacing. The gaps and spans between the mini-cable and the installation groove are filled and there are no gaps that could receive surface water that could eventually enter, leading it along the mini-cable.

The foam absorbs vibrations caused by truck traffic without transmitting them to the mini-cable. Thanks to the elastic foam, small subsidence of the earth can also be compensated, so that displacements of this type in the bitumen support layer cannot lead to a failure of the mini-cable due to a buckling of the tube or due to an expansion of the fiber. .

In a mini-cable according to the invention, it is also possible, for example, a control by means of gas under pressure, as well as a control by means of a liquid. The minicable can be filled with a liquid, which comes out in the event of a tube defect, resignifying itself under the action of air. In this way a "spontaneous healing" was guaranteed, so to speak.

Furthermore, the minicable is protected against eavesdropping, since a bending of the light wave conductors cannot be achieved. The mini-cable is resistant to shear forces, has a high tensile force, is compact, has low weight and low friction due to its small diameter. The tube that acts as a cover for the cable simultaneously assumes the function of the pulling force of the usual central element. In this cable of great resistance and with a very low expansion there are no problems due to excessive lengths during the introduction with traction and placement of the mini cable. In this configuration there is a higher resistance compared to a normal cable with a conventional plastic cable jacket, so that it is also possible to work with fundamentally higher tensile forces. In the metal version, a simple earthing is also possible. If several tubes are used insulated from each other, the metal cross section can also be used for a current supply of active components. Thanks to the use of metallic tubes, air cables could also have a fundamentally simple structure of my own. In this case, a carrier element (for example a carrier cable) could be dispensed with, since the metallic tubes take over this function. Furthermore, a mini-cable of this type is watertight under pressure, watertight, forms a barrier to water vapor and protects against rodents. It is also fire resistant, has excellent heat dissipation, is resistant to aging and corrosion.

Mini cable or tube flexibility can be enhanced with a slotted sleeve.

Other variants of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

Next, the invention was explained to me in detail with the help of 57 figures.

Figure 1 shows the structure of the tube-shaped microcable or mini-cable with an encapsulation.

Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section through the minitube without light wave conductors.

Figure 3 shows the schematic placement of a minicable.

Figure 4 shows the procedure of pressing in a minicable.

Figure 5 shows the procedure for introducing a minicable.

Figure 6 shows the mini-cable injection procedure.

Figure 7 shows the placement technique of the mini tubular cable with the placement slot that has already been refilled.

Figure 8 represents a cross section of a road surface with a groove milled in it.

Figure 9 shows the placement slot that has already been refilled.

Figure 10 shows a U-shaped micro-cable holder in the positioning slot.

Figure 11 shows a metal pin in the form of a rivet as a fastener for minicables.

Figure 12 shows a top plan view of the sketched structure of a bending device for thin-walled tubular microcables or mini-cables.

Figure 13 shows the placement slot filled with hot bitumen and colored glass particles.

Figure 14 shows a longitudinal offset loop in a longitudinal section through the road surfacing along a milled placement groove.

Figure 15 shows a sleeve for a tubular micro-cable or mini-cable.

Figure 16 shows a slot for placing a mini-cable or micro-cable.

Figure 17 shows a widened placement groove before breaking the central bridge that has been formed.

Figure 18 shows a cross section through the arrangement of the milling wheel of the positioning unit.

Figure 19 shows a spacer ring with rectangular grooves on its outer circumference.

Figure 20 shows a spacer ring with sawtooth grooves on its outer circumference.

Figure 21 shows the brush arrangement on the outer circumference of the spacer ring.

Figure 22 shows the lateral displacement of carbide teeth.

Figure 23 shows a microcable in place with a tensile-resistant separating element in place additionally.

Figure 24 shows a microcable placed with a filler profile as the filler medium for the placement slot.

ES 2 179 963 T3

Figure 25 shows the electrical connection between two mini cables or micro cables through a metal sleeve for cables.

Figure 26 shows an insulated microcable with an insulated electrical cable.

Figure 27 shows a non-insulated microcable with an insulated electrical cable.

Figure 28 shows a non-insulated electrical cable with an insulated micro-cable.

Figure 29 shows an insulated microcable with a cable tie.

Figure 30 shows a microcable with an additional cable in common insulation.

Figure 31 shows an embodiment according to figure 30, but with an intermediate bridge made of insulating material.

Figure 32 shows two electrically isolated mini-cables or micro-cables.

Figure 33 shows two mini-cables or micro-cables in common insulation.

Figure 34 shows an outline of the procedure.

Figure 35 shows the placement of the minicable or microcable with cable ties fitted with magnets.

Figure 36 shows U-shaped magnetic cable ties in the positioning slot.

Figure 37 shows bar-shaped magnetic cable ties in the positioning slot.

Figure 38 shows bar-shaped cable ties that are threaded onto carrier wires.

Figure 39 shows a cable tie, the ends of which are clamped on carrier wires.

Figure 40 shows a cable tie that is knotted with a carrier foil.

Figure 41 shows the placement of the microcable with electronic signal transmitters as fasteners.

Figure 42 shows a chip freely programmable from the outside, which was fixed along the microcable and which is threaded into carrier threads.

Figure 43 shows a programmable chip that is housed in a sleeve.

Figure 44 shows a faulty microcable. Figure 45 shows the repair point in a top plan view.

Figure 46 shows the repair point in cross section.

Figure 47 shows an apparatus for exposing the positioning slot.

Figure 48 shows cellular rubber introduced in the longitudinal direction.

Figure 49 shows a positioning groove with a profiled body of a circular cross section prior to compression.

Figure 50 shows the positioning slot after its closure.

Figure 51 shows a placement equipment. Figure 52 shows an annular shaped body, slit in the longitudinal direction, which is placed in the microcable.

Figure 53 shows the arrangement according to figure 52 after the placement slot has been filled.

Figure 54 shows a profiled body with free channels extending in the longitudinal direction.

Figure 55 shows the profiled body according to figure 54 in the positioning groove.

Figure 56 shows a profiled body that was covered with a waterproofing material.

Figure 57 shows an example of an embodiment for heating the waterproofing material in the laying process.

Figure 58 shows the roof profile after the placement process in the placement groove.

Figure 59 shows the mechanical action of a pointed object in cross section.

Figure 60 shows the action of the object in the profile of the roof in a front view.

In figure 1 the structure of a tubular microcable or mini-cable 1 is shown, the end 2 of the cable being provided with an insertion or perforation tip 5. Arrow 6 indicates the drilling movement or the forward direction of the drilling head. Light wave conductors 3 extend into the mini-cable 1 and can be inserted either during work or after installation. The outer surface of the mini-cable was provided with a surface protection 4.

FIG. 2 now shows the tube 8 of the mini-cable 1, without light wave conductors already being arranged inside, that is to say, in the central channel. In this case, this central channel serves primarily as a pressure injection channel for the placement process. In this way, a corresponding medium, for example a suitable liquid, is injected under pressure, so that at the end 11 of the mini-cable it undermines and displaces the earth. By rotating the piercing tip 10 in the direction of the arrow 12, the effect can be further increased. Following the laying process, the light wave conductors or so-called “blown fiber” conductors are introduced into the tube 8 of the mini-cable 1. On the left side of the mini-cable, the letter P symbolizes the pressure required for the injection procedure, with which the medium can be injected under pressure. If a valve is attached to the end of the piercing tip 11, by means of a corresponding control, the liquid can be pushed out in a pulsating manner. Simultaneously, the tube 8 could widen and reduce its diameter in an oscillating way, so that an adhesion friction with the earth is excluded.

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Figure 3 shows the technique for laying a mini tubular cable in sand, gravel, earth or asphalt with the help of a laying unit 23, with which a laying groove 19 is cut into the surface 14 of the floor 17 provided for laying. . Cover plates or paving stones are previously removed. The device is formed by a linkage 22, in which the necessary individual pieces are joined to form a unit. All the steps of the procedure are adjusted to each other. To make the placement groove 19 in the placement direction 21, a milling wheel 15 with corresponding milling teeth goes ahead, cutting therewith a thin placement groove 19 with steep side walls. The width of the laying groove is just enough to accommodate the tubular mini cable 1 and the laying blade 18. This laying blade 18 prevents the side walls from sinking, drags the mini-cable 1 and keeps the end of the cable to be laid by means of a cable fixation 7 constantly at the laying depth, feeding the minicable or micro-cable 1 from a wound ring. a laying coil 24 through feed rollers 25. An injection lance 16 compacts the removed soil or fill sand 20 behind the laying blade 18. This process is carried out immediately after the excavation process. Therefore, the side walls of the placement groove cannot sink into the area 13 of the placement device. Surrounding earth will not collapse, so surface 14 will not sink. The milling wheel 15, the placing blade 18 and the injection lance 16 together form the placing unit 23 and are rigidly connected to each other by means of a linkage 22. A drive 30 moves the entire placement unit 23 continuously in the placement direction 21. By means of a so-called placement arc 26 and a placement thimble 27, the end 29 of the mini-cable is inserted into the starting point of the placement groove 19 . In the positioning unit 23 there is provided a central connection 28 for the injection of water under pressure. Then, after completion of the laying process, the road surface can be restored or resealed.

A laying of this type has special advantages, since all types of small diameter cable can be laid, the effort being fundamentally less than in conventional laying with the excavation of a wide trench. In the laying process, the mini cable is pulled by the laying knife and guided by the feed rollers. Pulling and pressing the mini cable during the laying process can reduce the tensile load. In addition, the tubular construction of the mini-cable prevents buckling at placement in the groove. The steps of excavating, placing, filling and compacting the earth are carried out immediately one after the other and represent a precisely adjusted work course. The cable is supported by the very narrow laying groove, so that the danger of buckling is reduced. Furthermore, in such a narrow laying groove the mechanics of the floor and the surface of the laying floor are affected very little, so that no further treatment is necessary. Thanks to the synchronized working development, the side walls of the laying groove cannot sag, so that soil is also prevented from falling into it. If the “blown fiber” technique is used for the introduction of the light wave conductors, one or more hollow tubes are placed, with which water can be brought under pressure directly to the milling wheel. In this way the stones or the subsoil are hollowed out.

Figure 4 shows the system following the press-fit procedure, whereby a mini-cable 1 is pressed into an abandoned supply pipe 31. Here it is indicated that the mini-cable 1 to be pressed can, for example, also collide with impurities 32 representing a blockage of the supply pipe. These impurities 32 must be pierced with a corresponding pressure. In this figure it is also represented that the abandoned supply pipe 31 can have several branches, so that the minicable can also be inserted from there. The valve openings 33 originally used for the feed pipe, which are provided with a cover, respectively, could be used to insert sleeves for the new introduced mini-cable system. At the beginning of the snap-in point, the mini-cable 1 is also introduced by means of a so-called positioning arch 26 and a positioning thimble 27, the advance being carried out, for example, again with advance rollers 25. The mini-cable 1 is also developed here from a positioning coil 24. Through a central connection 28 for pressurized water, also here the pressurized water can be pressed into the end point of the inserted mini-cable 1.

In figure 5, the introduction of a mini-cable 1 in an existing supply pipe, for example in a water pipe, is explained. In an elbow 36 of the supply pipe 35 the mini-cable is introduced through an outlet point 37, the entry point being provided with a corresponding waterproofing 38. Advancing the minicable 1 into the supply pipe is relatively smooth, since there are no obstacles to be expected. A stream of water or gas pressed into the supply pipe supports the advancement of the mini-cable.

Figure 6 explains the procedure for injecting a minitube, which will be provided in a second step of the procedure, following the "blown fiber principle", with conductors of light waves, thus being completed to form a mini-cable. As already indicated above, here only the empty minitube is injected first into the earth 17. By means of a central connection 28, water is pressed into the minitube, so that at the end of the drilling head 40 an injection cone 39 is formed, which undermines the earth 17. The drilling tip 40 is further rotated in a rotary movement 41, to increase the

ES 2 179 963 T3 scour effect. It is expedient to also rotate the minitube at the entry point in a rotary motion 42. After positioning the minitube, the light wave conductors are introduced according to the "blown fiber process" by injection or blowing. The inner wall of the tube is coated with plastic to improve the sliding movement of the fiber element in the blowing process.

Figure 7 shows the placement of a mini-cable in an asphalt road surface. In order to complete the placement of the mini-cable 1 in a milled placement groove 19, the placement groove 19 is first partially filled after the placement of the mini-cable 1 with a hardening foam 43. Above it, the positioning slot 19 is finally filled with a waterproof closure 44, for example made of hot bitumen, so that the road surface is sealed again. Furthermore, it can be seen in this figure 7 that a road structure is made up of several layers. On top of a frost protection layer 48, generally of gravel, a support layer 47 is arranged. Above it an adhesive layer 46 is arranged, which is finally sealed with a cover layer 45. Here it can be seen that the positioning groove 19 must not yet separate the support layer 47 completely, so that the supporting function is not interrupted. .

Figure 8 clearly shows the position of the positioning groove 19 in a cross section of a road with the layer structure already described, consisting of a frost protection layer 48, an asphalt support layer 47, an adhesive layer 46 and a cover layer 45. The laying groove 19 only cuts the cover layer 45 and the adhesive layer 46, while the asphalt backing layer 47 is only partially cut. The depth of cut varies according to the consistency of the road surface between 4 cm and 15 cm. The optimal placement depth is approximately 7 cm.

Figure 9 shows the same structure as Figure 8, although here it is further shown how the positioning slot 19 is refilled and closed after the placement of the tube-shaped minicable 1. It can be seen that the bottom of the groove is provided around the mini-cable 1 with a hardenable filling foam, above which a bitumen filling mass or a bitumen joint strip is arranged. The filler material 49 could also be placed in the microcable during work as a cable jacket. It forms an additional protection in the placement of the microcable. The filling mass may be made foamed by suitable means or procedures, for example by adding heat. As a result, the positioning groove 19 is still sealed, so that no surface water can enter. Inside the mini-cable 1, light wave conductors 50 are indicated. To avoid damage to the installation and corrosion even to the outer covering of the metal tube due to leakage currents in the ground, the mini-cable 1 is provided on the outer side with a non-conductive protective layer 51, which isolates the metal against the ground. A thin plastic cable covering can be applied as a protective layer. For this, a firmly adhered, abrasion-resistant varnish can also be applied. Finally, the groove is sealed with hot bitumen. If a bitumen flashing tape is used for waterproofing the laying groove 19, it is inserted edge-on into the laying groove 19 and the roof layers to be bonded together are heated with a gas or infrared flame until they heat up. has formed a liquid film of bitumen. A small protrusion of the bitumen tape gets into the joint during the subsequent tamping, closing the groove in a watertight manner.

In FIG. 10 it is explained that the inserted mini-cable 1 is fixed with U-shaped fasteners 52. These U-shaped staples 52 are pressed into the milled positioning groove 19 from above. The bridge 54 of the staple 52 thus holds the placed micro-cable or mini-cable. Thanks to the elasticity effect of the side flanges, tolerances in the width of the groove are compensated. The ends of the flanges can be provided with lateral claws 53, so that they can grip the lateral walls of the positioning groove 19. If, for example, a softening of the filling mass occurs at high summer temperatures, the cable ties 52 hold the micro-cable or mini-cable in position, without allowing it to rise.

Fig. 11 shows another embodiment for cable ties 57. They are made up of a rivet-shaped metal bolt, which with its elastic stem 57 plunges into the milled positioning groove 19. The lenticular head 55 terminates flush with or protrudes slightly from the road surface. Thanks to the heads 55 of the fasteners, the cable routing can be easily seen. The stem of the cable clamp 57 is provided with barbs 56.

Figure 12 shows a bending device for cable branches and compensation loops for thin-walled tubular microcables or mini-cables. When the micro-cable or mini-cable has very low wall thicknesses, it is very sensitive to buckling. However, with a bending device 61, radii down to the minimum value of 30 mm can be achieved without sagging. To do this, the microcable 1 is fixed with tension clamps 62 and pulled around a mandrel 60 to bend. For easy handling, a pinch roller 59 can pull the micro or mini cable 1 around the bending mandrel, the hand lever 58 being actuated in the direction of the arrow. The pivot point 63 of the hand lever is located on the axis of the chuck 60 for bending.

Figure 13 shows an example of an embodiment for a further identification or to mark the trace of the micro-cable or mini-cable. An identification of this type is especially important for finding the micro-cable or mini-cable and at the same time serves as a warning mark when doing road work. The milled placement groove 19 is hermetically sealed with hot bitumen 65. For this, the hot bitumen 65 is mixed, for example, with glass chips 64 as filler material, so that, under the incidence of

ES 2 179 963 T3 light, the tracing of the positioning groove 19 is clearly seen by the light reflectance. During its production, the hot bitumen is normally very fluid. In the case of a laying groove width of 7 to 10 mm, the viscosity of the hot bitumen can be increased by means of airides. The mechanical properties of the filling compound are in this case also comparable with those of the existing road surface. For marking, colored, ground glass chips can be used as fillers and irides. In this way, the cable routing can be clearly distinguished thanks to the different colors and reflection. With normal frictional wear of the road surface, some glass particles are always exposed, making them easy to distinguish.

In FIG. 14 it is shown that the micro-cable or mini-cable can be provided with compensation loops 66 for longitudinal compensation, as well as with nozzles through a sleeve. In this way, excessive lengths are compensated in the laying and shrinkage of the tubes, and settlements on the ground, on the road, as well as longitudinal extensions in the micro-cable or mini-cable and the pavement of the road without damaging longitudinal stresses are compensated. Compensation loops 66 of this type must be made during placement, and corresponding depths 67 or widenings must be made at the corresponding points of the placement groove 19, to obtain sufficient space for the compensation loop 66. Compensation loops 66 of this type should preferably be made in front of sleeves, cable branches and bends. When a micro-cable or mini-cable must be laid at a right angle, a vertical core drilling must be made in the road superstructure in the laying floor. The diameter depends on the minimum radius of the micro-cable or mini-cable, which can be bent without buckling by means of the described bending device. The core drilling must be subsequently resealed again with asphalt in a frost-protected manner. Instead of compensation loops, mini-cable U-bends are also possible.

Figure 15 depicts an arrangement for a sleeve 68, in which micro-cables or mini-cables 1 are guided through cable entries 70. Corresponding measurements, such as joints or splices, are subsequently taken in the interior of the cable sleeve. Such a cable sleeve is preferably formed from a round steel cylinder and is placed in a core hole in the laying floor 17. A top-down sleeve cover 69 closes the interior space of the sleeve. The core drilling arranged in a vertical direction, which can reach the substructure of the road, is embedded in concrete after the placement of the sleeve 68 and the introduction of the microcables 1 into the sleeve in the lower area of ​​the road. In this way, the cuff no longer sags. The waterproofing with respect to the superstructure of the road lining 72 is carried out with asphalt or hot liquid bitumen. The waterproofing at the cable entries 70 is carried out, for example, with conventional cutting ring gaskets or other forms of waterproofing known in principle in the art of cable sleeves. Fine copper tubes, into which the ends of the cable must be inserted, have also been tested in practice. By means of radial compression, they shrink, placing themselves on the outer wall of the microcable. These shrink joints are resistant to traction and watertight under pressure. Upward, the core hole is closed with a stable cap 73 at the level of the road cover 72. If necessary, the cover can also be arranged under the road surface. Light wave conductors with excessive lengths and splices can be arranged inside the cable sleeve 68 in a manner known in principle. Due to the circular design of the cable sleeve 68, it is advisable to introduce the light wave conductors helically so that they can be easily retracted upwards if necessary.

An advantageous variant is also the use of a miniature box instead of sleeve 68, this miniature box itself housing a sleeve.

The outputs and inputs can also be guided as a mini-cable or micro-cable as an overhead cable or a free-guided cable.

A variant of the invention has the object of finding a method, with the help of which laying grooves for minicables or microcables can be cut or milled in one operation on the firm laying floor. The proposed object is achieved following the procedure explained at the beginning so that a placement groove is milled with a placement unit, varying the arrangement of the milling wheel in thickness in such a way that the width of the placement groove is adapted , in a milling process, to the corresponding diameter of the micro or mini cables used.

The advantages of the procedure according to the variant of the invention lie in particular that now the realization of laying grooves in a firm laying floor, such as asphalt and concrete floors, pavement linings, curbs or slabs, can be carried out with a unit of placement, in which the cutting or milling width can be adjusted to the corresponding diameter of the minicable or microcable used. To do this, a milling wheel arrangement consisting of two cutter discs is placed, with a spacer ring inserted, on the drive shaft of the positioning unit. Therefore, the cutting width can be varied by changing the spacer ring. In the case of wide laying grooves, a central bridge is first kept on the laying floor, although according to the invention measures are taken by which the central bridge that has been formed can break at its base point during the laying process. milling. This is done by a corresponding configuration of the circumferential surface of the spacer ring, such as the placement of grooves with a suitable shape, for example shaped

ES 2 179 963 T3 rectangular or saw teeth or by placing flexible brushes in the form of bars on the circumference. They also clean the groove of grinding dust. In this way, the following advantages result in particular:

- Realization of rectangular positioning slots with a width to be freely chosen.

- The width of the positioning groove can still be determined by changing the spacer ring.

- Thanks to the double cut in one operation, the wear of the tool is homogeneous, the cutting discs are not stressed to flexion, so that imbalances are not generated.

- The central bridge that is formed first in the positioning groove is broken during the milling process at the base point.

- By means of a corresponding configuration of the outer circumference of the spacer ring, the cleaning of the positioning groove is carried out simultaneously.

Figure 16 shows a rectangular placement VN groove on the S0 surface of a firm placement floor, indicating by means of a double arrow that the groove width VB must be able to be varied according to the type of MK mini-cable or micro-cable used, in order to perform the width needed in a single milling operation.

Figure 17 shows the realization of the widened positioning groove by means of two cutter discs, which are arranged at a distance from each other corresponding to the respectively positioned spacer ring, so that firstly a central bridge MS is maintained between the two partial grooves. TN1 and TN2. Due to the corresponding configuration of the circumference of the spacer ring, this central bridge MS is, however, immediately broken at the base point BS during the milling process, so that the wide positioning groove shown in figure 16 is obtained.

In figure 18 a cross section of the arrangement of the milling wheel is represented, which is made up of two discs TS1 and TS2, with a spacer ring DR placed between them, choosing the spacer ring DR with a width such that together with the two cutter discs TS1 and TS2 is the required width of the VN positioning groove. The drive shaft AS is attached to the positioning unit VE by means of a corresponding linkage G.

Figures 19 to 22 show the configuration of the circumference of the spacer ring DR, having been removed for this representation on the cutter disk TS2. The TS1 cutter disc is conventionally equipped with corresponding cutting or milling teeth. These Z milling teeth can also be provided with carbide. If necessary, the cutting edges can be changed. The cutting edges should preferably be alternately shifted from the center of the cutter disc through the TS3 cutting blade, as can be seen in figure 22. Thanks to this screwed joint, the TS3 cutter disc cuts freely on the flanks of the FL groove. A "seizure" is avoided. The spacer ring DR is provided on its circumference with grooves or recesses of various bar configurations, by means of which the central bridge is broken and the positioning groove is cleaned. Thanks to the recesses or grooves, an air pressure is generated, by means of which the positioning groove is freed from the fragments. This simultaneously achieves self-cleaning of the positioning groove during its execution. Rectangular recesses RA are shown in FIG. 19 and saw-tooth-shaped recesses SA in FIG. 20 on the outer circumference of the spacer ring DR. In figure 21, this process is carried out with the help of flexible brushes B in the form of bars, by means of which the central bridge is broken and the fragments of the placement groove VN are evacuated.

Figure 22 shows the lateral displacement or setting of the carbide teeth Z, by means of which a free running of a cutter disk TS3 is achieved. This provision is still valid for each of the cutting discs.

With recesses RA of this type it is also possible to mill a material having the properties of bitumen.

A variant of the invention has the object of finding a method according to which the placed mini-cable or micro-cable can be removed again from the positioning slot, the filling material having to be previously removed. The proposed objective is achieved, according to the invention, with a procedure of the type explained at the beginning so that a separation element resistant to traction is introduced to lift the minicable or microcable already placed during its placement in the filling material of the positioning groove, so that at the moment of lifting the tensile-resistant separating element is removed, while removing the filler material from the placement slot and then removing the minicable or microcable from the placement slot.

The problem in lifting the mini-cable or micro-cable (hereinafter only the micro-cable concept will be used), this is located in a fitting groove that, above the micro-cable, is covered in a watertight manner and well adhered by a filler material. A filler material that has viscous and adhesive properties is used, such as bitumen. Consequently, the micro-wire cannot be removed before the filler material has been removed. It is also not possible to re-mill the positioning groove, since the filling material will only spread due to its viscous consistency. According to the invention, this problem is solved because a separating element resistant to tension is incorporated on top of the microcable, which is pulled or torn off if necessary, also separating the filling medium during this process. It is advantageous if the microcable is not wetted at any time with the filler material, so that, if possible, no adhesion occurs between them. The

ES 2 179 963 T3 tensile-resistant separating element can be realized as a separate element, for example in the form of a cable, a profiled body or a tape. Separation means of this type can be made, for example, of plastics or of metal, such as, for example, steel. However, special separation means or plastic materials can also be applied around the microcable, such as a polyethylene plastic laminate, so that adhesion to the filler material cannot occur, or only low adhesion. In addition, it is possible that for this purpose the laying groove is filled above the microcable with a separating means made as a filler profile, which is pressed into the laying groove, if necessary, with additional waterproofing in the edges of the positioning slot. A viscous material, such as bitumen, is again particularly suitable for this. Elastic materials, such as rubber or elaostic plastics, are particularly suitable for such a filling profile.

However, the tensile-resistant separating element can also be made as part of the microcable cover, the cover material can be easily separated from the microcable, so that on lifting the filler material is first separated with the pull-resistant separating element.

If the tensile-resistant separating element is made of an electrically conductive material, it can additionally also be used for the supply of current along the microcable.

In figure 23 it is shown that an MK microcable has been inserted into the VN positioning groove milled in the VG laying firm floor, above which is arranged, according to the invention, a tensile-resistant ZT separating element in the form of a metal or plastic cable, already during the placement of the microcable. Above, the VN installation groove has been sealed with an FM filler material, such as bitumen. Before the lifting of the microcable MK, the filling material FM is now separated from the laying groove VN, when the tensile-resistant separating element ZT is removed, so that thereafter the laying groove VN is free and can be lifted the MK microcable safely.

Figure 24 shows that the VN positioning slot can also be filled with a tensile-resistant FP filling profile, which is removed if necessary. This tensile-resistant FP filling profile can additionally be inserted with a waterproofing material, such as bitumen, so that a reliable waterproofing of the VN laying groove is achieved.

Another variant of the invention has the object of creating a method for supplying current for a minicable or microcable with conductors of light waves. The proposed object is achieved with a procedure of the type explained at the beginning in such a way that the metallic tubes of the micro-cable or mini-cable are connected to the central power supply.

The power supply is generally carried out through an additional electrical cable, which is fed from a central point. One drawback is that a separate electrical cable must be laid along a long path. The costs for an additional cable routing and the tension losses must be taken into account. In the previously known submarine cable with light wave conductors, additional measures must also be taken for the power supply. However, a minicable or microcable of the type described is made up of a metalic sheath in the shape of a tube. AND^orIt protects the light wave conductors from damage during laying, guarantees a certain excess length of the fibers and is resistant to transverse forces. The firm laying floor in which the laying groove has been made also guarantees the necessary protection against external mechanical influences for the minicable or microcable. However, the electrical properties of this minicable or microcable are not exploited. If contacts are now made with the metal tubes of these mini-cables or micro-cables at the connection points, as is done, for example, with the help of the metal connection sleeves, this system can be used for a power supply. A second conductor can carry out the return line or, if it was isolated, the power supply. If necessary, isolation can be waived if it is a return line. The return lone can additionally assume protective functions.

Such a minicable or microcable and the power supply can also be made in the form of a joining cable. A separate return line can be dispensed with if two insulated microcables are installed. Two micro-cable tubes can also be used in a micro-cable with a corresponding common insulation. The cable jacket isolates the tubes from each other and from the ground. Such a mini or micro cable can be easily bent and routed around a narrow axis.

With such a power supply, the electrical resistance and conductivity are realized by the cross-section of the cable jacket or the metal tube. Due to the shrinkage of the metal sealing heads of a cable sleeve with the metallic tube of a mini-cable or micro-cable, sufficient electrical plating is guaranteed. For the return line of the power supply, for example, cable ties can also be used if they are made of metal. These cable ties originally have the function of positioning the cable securely in the laying slot, at its laying height. If direct current is used, a return line can also be waived if there is a ground connection. If the metal tubes of the mini-cable or micro-cable are provided with an insulating layer, in addition to the possibility of isolated current conduction, the following advantages can also be achieved:

ES 2 179 963 T3

- metal protection against corrosion

- protection of the metal tube from mechanical damage during placement

- formation of an abrasion resistant layer when inserting the microcable

- formation of a thermal insulation by sealing the laying groove with hot bitumen

- training an antivibration protection in the event of a high trophic level.

Figure 25 shows the cross-connection of the power supply using a sleeve for conductive metal KM cables. The power supply is carried out by means of the MK1 and MK2 microcables, the ends of which are electrically connected by means of the MR sleeve tube. At the shrinkage points of the DK waterproofing heads, the establishment of contact, the strain relief and the waterproofing of the MK1 or MK2 microcable are carried out. In this case, the KM cable gland is additionally provided with an IS electrical insulation on the outer side.

Figure 26 shows the position of a microcable MK, which is placed in the slot VN above an electrical cable SK provided with an SKI insulation. This SK electric cable is single-phase and the MKR tube of the MK microcable was provided with an IS plastical insulation. The VN laying groove in the VG laying floor has been filled after the cables have been introduced with a filler material.

VM. The current supply is therefore carried out via the insulated MK microcable and the insulated SK electric cable.

Figure 27 shows the arrangement of a non-insulated MK microcable with its MKR metal tube, in which the light wave conductors are arranged, above an insulated SK electrical cable within a placement groove.

VN. The single-phase SK power supply cable was in turn insulated and the MKR bare tube of the MK microcable was grounded. In this case, isolation can be waived.

Figure 28 shows the power supply by means of a MK microcable, whose MKR tube is provided with an IS insulation. Above, a flat tape ground conductor ensures the conduction of the current as a return line RL. In this case, the return line RL serves, at the same time, as additional protection for the microcable MK.

Figure 29 shows the placement of a microcable provided with an IS insulation, in which a continuous NH cable clamp holds the MK cable placed in its height position. The NH Cable Clamp features sloped NHS sidewalls, which abut against the wall of the VN routing slot. In this case, the return conduction of the power supply is carried out through the NH cable clamp, which also serves as protection and upward securing.

Figure 30 shows the power supply by means of a MK microcable, which was arranged with an additional ZS wire in an IS insulation. This additional ZS wire is electrically isolated from the MK microcable. The material of the additional wire has also been determined in such a way that it can be used as a carrier wire with the required nominal tensile force. It is made, for example, of steel or bronze.

Figure 31 again shows the power supply through an MK microcable. An additional wire ZS is connected to the MK microcable by injection molding through an IS insulation, the connection between the two being made by means of a ST bridge. In the area of ​​the ST bridge, the microcable MK can be separated from the additional wire ZS if necessary. Such a gap is practical, for example, to establish a bridge of connecting sleeves.

Figure 32 shows the arrangement of two microcables MK1 and MK2 arranged one above the other in the VN positioning slot. The two microcables MK1 and MK2 are separately insulated and can be routed separately from each other or together. It is convenient to connect each microcable with an individual sleeve and connect it electrically.

Figure 33 shows the power supply by means of two micro cables MK1 and MK2 arranged one above the other, which are isolated separately, although they are linked together by means of a ST bridge. For splicing work, the MK1 and MK2 microcables can be separated from each other in the area of ​​the ST bridge, so that each MK1 or MK2 microcable can be spliced ​​and electrically connected in separate individual sleeves.

Another variant of the invention has the object of providing methods with the help of which a placed mini-cable or micro-cable can be found again. The proposed object is achieved, following a procedure of the type explained at the beginning, because the trace of the ooptic fiber minicable or microcable placed in a positioning slot is followed by means of a detector.

The advantages of the invention in comparison with the state of the art are, above all, in the fact that, with the aid of a detector, the inserted minicable or microcable can be measured so exactly that it can be recorded, for example, also in for archiving city, road and cable layouts, with relatively small tolerances. Thanks to the procedure with the help of the detector according to the invention, the cable lying on the ground can also be found for repair, and the interruptions in the cable can be exactly located. It is also important to check the layout before milling the laying groove, to check if there are already feed pipes in the laying floor. With the help of a procedure of this type, which is based on the operation of suitable detectors, it is therefore possible to receive and enable a new cable tracing, since the quality and depth of the cable can be detected at any time. placement.

It is convenient to place such a detector as a functional unit to find ca12

ES 2 179 963 T3 bles, in front of a joint cutting machine, so that it is detected in any case when a metallic object is found in the subsoil, for example, a cable or a supply pipe. During the placement of mini-cables or micro-cables, detection can be performed by the metal tube itself, by a return line conducted in parallel, or by cable ties in the placement groove. These cable ties can be used, for example, also for power supply and for a protective function to find the mini-cable or micro-cable. The fasteners could have fixed codes or could be freely programmable. It is convenient to use a service vehicle for this procedure, which is used to measure the cable in place. This equipment sets the reference to marked points and stores the track where the fiber optic cable has been laid, so that the track can be transferred to existing road plans. Both the position and the depth of the placed microcable can be detected.

FIG. 34 describes the principle of the procedure for finding a fiber optic cable, in particular a mini-cable or micro-cable with the aid of a detector D, which is housed in a service vehicle. When passing over a VN location slot, it is detected that a VN location slot has been passed over by the emitted and reflected OS location signal. In this exemplary embodiment, the microcable MK has been placed in the VN insertion groove and the VN insertion groove has been subsequently filled with filler material, for example bitumen, with metallic filler material having been added to the filler material.

Figure 35 shows a longitudinal section through a VN laying groove in a VG firm laying floor. The MK microcable has been inserted into the bottom of the positioning groove and is held in position with the help of NH cable ties, which are made in the form of dowels. The various NH cable ties are equipped with magnets, the magnetic fields of which can be located by the detector passing over them. The orientation of these magnets can be the same in all NH cable ties or it can also vary from one to another. By alternating orientation of the M magnets with the MN or MS poles, a systematic arrangement of alternating magnetic fields can be achieved with the help of which a coding for the inserted mini-cable or micro-cable can even be defined. In this way, the laid cables can be identified exactly, so that confusion can be excluded when carrying out repair work.

Figure 36 shows an MK microcable placed in the VN placement slot, which is held in position with NHN magnetic cable ties. Here too, poles of the NHM magnetic cable clamps with alternating orientation of the NHMN or NHMS magnetic poles can be joined in the VN insertion slot, so that coding of the cable routing is also possible here. NHN cable ties in the form of

U cradle during placement and lean against the groove wall. The U-shaped cable ties are magnetically insulated from each other and are snapped in, one after the other, by the cable laying machine. These NHM Magnetic Cable Ties can be permanent magnet or can be individually magnetized during placement. The magnetic field can also be detected here through the filler material, which is not shown here.

In Fig. 37 there is again shown a MK microcable placed in a VN positioning slot, which is held in position with SNHM rod-shaped cable ties. These SNHM rod-shaped cable ties also cradle during placement and rest against the wall of the groove. SNHM rod-shaped cable ties are magnetically insulated from each other, can be permanent magnet, or can be individually magnetized during placement. Here, too, there is the possibility of assigning its own coding (Morse code) to each fiber optic cable laid by means of the alternating positioning of the magnetic poles. The magnetic field can also be detected here, in the manner described by the method according to the invention, with a detector.

Figure 38 shows a cable tie in the form of a GNH grid. Here, the magnetic rod-shaped cable ties SNHM are fixed on two carrier wires TF, extending in the longitudinal direction, the magnetic rod-shaped cable ties SNHM being magnetically insulated from each other. In the laying process, this GNH wire rope clip can be easily unrolled, slipping over the wire so that it is clamped in place. By means of such a structure, it is also possible to easily measure the length of the cable run since, thanks to the regular spacing of the SNHM rod-shaped cable ties, to a certain extent, has been created a striped structure. SNHM rod-shaped individual cable ties can be permanent magnet or can be individually magnetized during placement. Here too, a coding is possible by means of an alternating polarity of the magnets.

Figure 39 shows that KNHM cable ties can be stapled or clamped, as it were, on the carrier wires TF. This can also be done in situ, and in this case any coding model can be elaborated. Such a coding can also be carried out, for example, by varying the distance between the various KNHM bar-shaped magnetic cable ties.

Figure 40 shows that ENHM cable ties can also be tied to their E ends by knotting with a TFOL carrier sheet. Here too, the polarity as well as the distance between the various ENHM rod-shaped cable ties can be varied for corresponding coding. To the

ES 2 179 963 T3 filling the placement slot with hot bitumen melts this sheet, so that the hot bitumen can fill the placement slot between the ENHM bar magnets. The ENHM rod-shaped cable ties remain fixed in the routing slot and hold the microcable in position.

In figure 41 it is represented, in addition to the possibility described above of a purely passive coding by means of NH cable clamps, an active coding, represented by electronic components. Figure 41 is based on Figure 35. The magnets have, however, been replaced by electronic pulse generators I. The information from the pulse generators I can be consulted from the road surface by means of an induction loop IS.

The pulse generators I can emit specific information about the cable, such as the name of the operator, the belonging to a route, the depth of placement, the date of placement, the number of conductors of light waves.

A freely programmable chip C is shown in FIG. 42, which is assigned to the micro-cable MK or the cable clamp NH. It can store and output information (cables, sleeves, operators, free light wave conductors, etc.). An inquiry can be made inductively through the carrier wires (TF) or by establishing contact with the cable sheath or the carrier threads from the sleeve.

In FIG. 43, the programmable chip CH is housed in the sleeve M, so that the sleeve emits information. Other active electronic components can also be housed here. The power supply can be carried out from here, the carrier wires TF of the NH cable ties can, for example, also be implemented as power supply conductors.

The above fiber optic cables are called microcables and are preferably placed in firm subfloor laying grooves. Due to their reduced diameter, the positioning slots can be very narrow, so that they can be made with the help of drilling procedures. As laying floors, asphalt or concrete substructures and roads are especially suitable. The placement depth is very small and was between 7.5 and 15 cm. Cable systems with light wave conductors of this type are especially suitable for laying in finished subsoils, since it is not necessary to do extensive excavation work. In addition, the installation time is very short, which is especially advantageous on roads with traffic. After inserting the micro cables into the milled positioning grooves, they are filled with a suitable filler material, preferably bitumen. As positioning grooves, for example, expansion joints can also be used, which are provided between different concrete slabs or which are provided preventively in the concrete slabs for road platforms. Microcables can also be installed in these expansion joints. These expansion joints are also filled with filler material, so that the microcables are protected.

However, it must also be possible to lift micro-cables of this type, for example when repairs to the tube are required. It must be taken into account that these micro-cables cannot be removed together with the filling material from the positioning groove, since the forces required to do so would damage the micro-cable. In addition, the tube must be repaired in the area of ​​detected damage, subsequently being inserted back into the positioning slot.

A variant of the invention has the object of developing a method with which it is possible to remove and repair a micro-cable of the type described from the positioning slot. The proposed object is now achieved with the help of a procedure of the type explained at the beginning because, with the help of a device to expose the microcable, the filling material is removed from the positioning groove along a necessary length to be able to use a repair kit, the repair kit being made up of two cable sleeves, two compensation loops and a connecting tube between the cable sleeves, because the microcable is lifted into the placement groove freed from the filler material, because the microcable tube is cut, eliminating a length corresponding to that of the repair kit and because the repair kit is sealed with the two ends of the microcable.

Microcables of the type described are laid in the upper area of ​​roads and sidewalks. They have very small dimensions, so they are easy to miss when doing earthmoving work, so the possibility of damage is fundamentally greater than with conventionally laid communication cables. Therefore, it is necessary to have a rapid procedure for the repair of a damaged microcable, with which the damage can be repaired relatively easily and in a short time. For this, a repair kit has been designed, which consisted of certain standard parts, that is, two cable sleeves with a connecting tube arranged between them, with which the distance of the length of the damaged area is saved, and two connecting units, which connect with the ends of the damaged microcable. Defective spots, for example a tube cut from the microcable, can be located, for example, with the aid of an electrical test signal by irradiation. However, if the tube was metalically bonded, the faulty spot in the light wave conductor must be measured and located, for example, with the aid of an Optical Time Devision Reflectometer (OTDR). In this way, parts of the light introduced due to defective points in the glass (impurities, splices, etc.) are reflected. If the travel time is measured, the distance from the faulty point to the emitter can be measured.

For repair, the microcable must have been exposed on both sides of the point.

ES 2 179 963 T3 broken so that there is sufficient excess length for handling and splicing on the cable sleeves. However, in order to do this, the filler material placement groove must first be released, since otherwise the microcable cannot be lifted without further damage. Uncovering the placement groove is done by milling or scraping, possibly in several layers, or by heating the filling mass, trimming and removing with the help of a blade guided in the placement groove or by heating the microcable. or other parts that conduct electricity and heat, which may be arranged in the groove, very close to the microcable.

In each of the cable sleeves, which at least in the entry area are suitable for accommodating microcables, one end of the defective microcable is inserted, respectively, and connected therewith with light wave conductors, which are brought to through the connecting tube to the second cable sleeve. These light wave conductors are then spliced ​​in the second sleeve with the light wave conductors at the second end of the faulty microcable. It is convenient to insert the cable sleeves into core holes, which are milled tangentially to the side of the exposed positioning slot. The entries of the cylindrical cable sleeves are arranged tangentially in sleeve cylinders, so that the entrances of the micro-cable connections in the form of compensating loops need only deviate slightly. The microcable connections are also formed by tubes and are made as compensating loops, so that tolerances and longitudinal expansions can be compensated when placing the sleeves and during service. The watertight connections with the microcables are made by shrinking the ends of the compensating loops at the ends of the microcable. After these operations, the placement slot can be refilled with filler material.

In FIG. 44 a break in the KB cable of an NK microcable is shown, the filling mass having already been removed from the positioning groove along the length necessary for the repair. In the exposed laying groove FVN, which has been made, for example, on a firm VG laying floor of a road, there is now a thin layer of filler mass above the micro-cable MK, which is not removed from the all for safety reasons, so that the tool does not cause mechanical damage to the NK microcable. A corresponding control is suitable for this, as will be explained later. The laying slot with the MK microcable almost exposed is now accessible from the surface of the SO road, so that the two ends of the MK microcable to be repaired can now be easily and carefully removed.

Figure 45 shows the procedure already carried out for the repair of a broken MK microcable at point KB, showing the FVN insertion slot exposed from above. It can be seen that at a distance necessary for the excessive lengths of the light wave conductors, two core holes B have been made almost tangentially to the side of the exposed FVN placement slot, perpendicular to the placement floor, in which a cylindrical KM cable sleeve has been placed, respectively. These KM cable glands are designed to accommodate micro-cables and have tangentially entering KE cable gland entries, to which the tubular compensation loops AS are connected. The diameter of these tubular AS compensation loops is adapted to the diameter of the MK microcable, the watertight connections being made in most cases by AK shrinkage. AS compensation loops are used to compensate for tolerances and expansions. Since the KM cable glands feature tangential KE cable entries, the compensation loops AS can be positioned with reduced curves, so that they can be guided without sagging and stress-free in the exposed laying groove FVN.

Figure 46 shows the arrangement after the repair procedure has been carried out and represents the arrangement according to figure 45 in a longitudinal section, the cable sleeves having been shown in section and in a simplified way, for greater clarity and to be able to better show the relationships. . It can be seen that the compensation loops AS are connected, on the one hand, to the tube ends of the MK microcable to be repaired and, on the other, to the KE cable entries of the KM cable glands by means of AK shrinkage. The light wave conductors LWL of the microcable MK are led through the compensating loops AS to the corresponding cable sleeve KM, respectively, and there are spliced ​​into splice cartridges SK with light wave conductors LWL conducting through the connecting tube VR to the second sleeve for KM cables, respectively. In this way all connections can be reestablished. After the KM cable sleeves have been closed, the previously exposed FVN laying slot can be refilled with filler material.

Figure 47 shows a GF apparatus for removing the filling mass FM from a VN laying groove made in a VF laying firm floor. At the bottom of this VN insertion groove, an MK microcable has been placed, which must be lifted, for example due to a tube break. In this case, the MK microcable is provided with an IS insulating layer. In order to remove the filling mass FM, a heated blade SCH is used in this procedure, which is housed cardaenically, that is, rotatably, at a pivot point DP of the GF apparatus and thus compensates for inaccuracies in the guiding the blade. In addition, a spring mechanism F is provided, which is designed in such a way that the SCH blade can tip upward when the digging force exceeds an adjustable value. This SCH blade is mounted on a GF mobile device and is heated, for example, from a fuel tank

ES 2 179 963 T3

BS through a SH joint pipe. An M engine drives the GF gear over the VN placement slot in the road surface. With an electrical measuring device MV, it is checked throughout the procedure that the microcable does not suffer additional damage from the SCH blade set too deep, connecting the tube of the MK microcable and the SCH metallic blade with a continuity tester. If now the insulating layer IS is damaged by the blade SCH, the measuring device MV reacts, whereby the depth of attack of the blade SCH can be corrected. Exposing can also be done layer by layer.

Other aids can also be provided for exposing the microcable in the positioning slot. The insulation of the microcable can be designed, for example, in the form of a zipper, so that the tube does not come into contact with the waterproofing material, not even during the filling process. After removal of the filler material and after opening the "zipper", the microcable can be removed completely free from the insulation. Furthermore, a tear wire can also be inserted above the microcable into the positioning groove, with the help of which the filler material can be pulled out. If continuous cable ties were placed on top of the microcable during installation, these cable ties can also be used to remove the filler material.

If the micro-cable has insulation, this insulation can perfectly serve as a means of separation between the metal tube of the micro-cable and the well-adhered filler material (for example bitumen), which seals the installation groove. A polyethylene cable cover, paper or an inflatable veil acts to expose the microcable as a zipper, since these materials do not adhere to the tube, while the materials are well adhered to the bitumen. Such a cable jacket therefore acts as a means of separation between the metal tube and the filler material. The metallic tube of the microcable should have a smooth surface to reduce adhesion. The placement groove is already exposed in the manner described above, while the insulation remains in the placement groove.

As a means of separation between the microcable MK and the filler material FM, a cellular rubber cord GU can also be introduced, as shown in FIG. 48. In such an arrangement it would not be necessary to heat the blade of the laying equipment. A particularly strong cable jacket can also be used. Furthermore, the thickness of the cable jacket can also be further increased.

Following the same procedure, a filling material could also be removed from a placement groove arranged between the different plates of a concrete road or in expansion joints of passable plates. In this way, on concrete roadways, the creation of an additional groove with the help of a milling disc can still be dispensed with. If these grooves still have a measurement in the concrete that roughly corresponds to the diameter of a micro-cable, they can be inserted without measured ribs in these existing grooves. These grooves are then filled and sealed with filler material as well. Since seals of this type still have to be renewed at certain intervals in the grooves of the concrete slabs for safety reasons, there is the possibility of laying new microcables on occasion at no additional cost, in addition to the advantage in terms of saving time. . Furthermore, the road superstructure will not be impaired by additional placement grooves for the microcable. The expansion joints could eventually be made deep ribs or wide ribs by means of ties.

The concrete pavements are divided directly after casting with false joints into different slabs ranging in size from 7.5 m to 20 m. These false joints are controlled breaking points, which are made by milling grooves approximately 5-10 cm deep and approximately 8-10 mm wide. These false joints are sealed with waterproofing tape, cellular rubber or filler bitumen so that no dirt or surface water can get in. Slots of this type are also suitable for laying micro cables. To protect the microcables placed in them and to be able to compensate displacements by the mechanics of the ground, it is appropriate to widen the false joint at each joint, so that the microcable has sufficient compensation possibilities in these areas. To do this, it will suffice with a core drilling with a diameter of 8 to 10 cm, to protect the microcable placed when the road plates move relative to each other due to subsidence of the ground, earthquakes or similar movements of the earth. Therefore, a shear cut or buckling of the laid microcable could be largely excluded.

The length of the repair kit depends on the defective point. In order to have a sufficient spare length of the fiber, a fiber reserve of approximately 1.5 m has to be calculated for each sleeve. The connecting tube VR and therefore the length of the repair kit is always 3 m more than the defective point to be bridged.

Heating of the filler material can be carried out, for example, also by heating the conductors through which current flows, which have been introduced into the filler material. For this, for example, cable ties can be used.

Another variant of the invention has the object of providing a method in which the microcable is fixed continuously during the laying process. The proposed object is achieved with a procedure of the type explained at the beginning because the microcable is fixed with the help of a continuous profiled body of elastic material in a laying groove made in the laying floor and because the laying groove is still waterproofed by inserting it. of a waterproofing material.

Now the microcable is attached simply and preferably directly after

ES 2 179 963 T3 the placement of the microcable in the placement groove by feeding a continuous profiled body to the bottom of the placement groove. The continuous and elongated profiled body is preferably formed of an extruded plastic of a type of rubber, which is generally called cellular rubber. When this profiled body is pressed into the positioning groove, it is elastically deformed and snaps together due to the elastic pre-stress against the walls of the positioning groove. In this way, the elastic material compensates for irregularities. The material is made of a soft rubber, which does not decompose, resistant to high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation. If necessary, this profiled body can also be additionally sealed upwards with a waterproofing material, for example with hot bitumen. In this way, the profiled body is additionally fixed mechanically in the groove. Thanks to this, the following advantages are obtained compared to fasteners in the form of metal staples or similar elements:

- Less hot bitumen is needed in sealing.

- A quick placement of the profiled body is carried out, possibly immediately after placement.

- The placement process can be carried out continuously.

- In this way, a sufficient waterproofing is already carried out against surface water.

- The expansions in the laying floor can be absorbed by the elastic material of the profiled body.

- There is only a reduced shrinkage of the hot bitumen in the sealing area, so that there is hardly any subsequent sinking.

- The slot filling, formed by the profiled body and the waterproofing material, can be easily removed, since it establishes a zipper-like function.

The main objective of the invention is, however, to fix the microcable in the positioning groove with the aid of a profiled body. In addition, the groove is sealed against the road surface and the cable is protected from mechanical loads and vibration.

As an example of a simple barbed embodiment, an elastic profiled body with circular section is used, which is pressed directly on top of the microcable, for example with a roller or cylinder, closing the remaining free space of the positioning slot upwards tightly with hot bitumen. Thanks to the electrical properties of the shaped body, the gaps between the microcable and the walls of the installation groove are also filled in by pressing the profiled body.

An exemplary embodiment is also advantageous in which the microcable is directly coated with an elastic profiled body.

However, stable waterproofing profiles can also be used, which can only deform elastically to a certain degree, and which have deformable elements joined by molding, for example spikes, by means of which a clamping and hooking is produced on the walls. of the groove and the irregularities of the positioning groove.

As waterproofing material for waterproofing the laying groove against the ingress of water, preferably materials that soften under the action of heat, such as hot or fusible bitumen, or other known thermoplastic adhesives, for example polyamide, are used. These waterproofing materials are introduced after the placement of the microcable in the installation groove under the action of heat, the installation groove being sealed after hardening.

It is also possible to use shaped bodies that are stable with respect to temperature and shape, in which free channels are arranged, into which micro-cables or also conductors of free light waves are inserted. The introduction of light wave conductors is carried out, for example, by blowing or introducing cables, fibers or fiber elements, these processes being able to be carried out before or also after the positioning of the profiled body.

Consequently, it is easy to fix a microcable in its laying groove by means of a continuous profiled body, the milled laying grooves being closed in the firm laying ground, such as a road, in a watertight manner. If profiled bodies of this type are used, it is very easy to lay the microcables and, if repair is necessary, these profiled bodies can easily be removed from the positioning groove again. Thanks to the profiled bodies that are placed on top of the microcable, it is also possible to protect against high temperatures (230 to 280 ° C), which can occur when hot bitumen or thermoplastic adhesive enters. Furthermore, thanks to the profiled body, variations in lengths can also be compensated within certain limits in the event of displacement on the road (subsidence of the ground) or in the event of different tunnel expansions of cable and road covering.

However, the microcables can also be provided, during manufacture, with a cover made of a soft plastic, preferably cellular or foamed, so that this cover directly assumes the function of the profiled body. The fastening of a microcable of this type is carried out by means of the fitted cover, which is pressed in the same way against the walls of the groove.

The profiled bodies can be inserted into the positioning groove without joints, as an endless profile, being convenient to have the profiled bodies with a striking color, so that at the same time they serve as a warning in the road works that will be carried out later. In addition, the micro-cable is elastically sealed upwards, so that the micro-cable is decoupled from mechanical loads (vibrations). In case

ES 2 179 963 T3 if a profiled body is used that totally surrounds the microcable, a regular radial pressure results, so that the cable is oriented without tension. Because the elongated profiled bodies of the micro-cable are held in a regular way, it is not possible for the micro-cable to lift up due to its own tension. Furthermore, the microcable was not exposed to any longitudinal stress during laying, which could eventually lead to expansions or tensile stresses of the fibers of the light wave conductors. During the laying process, the micro cable is guided with great precision, so that the cable cannot be deflected or buckled under thermal or mechanical loads. Furthermore, the joints towards the wall of the groove are filled without leaving gaps thanks to the elastic properties of the profiled bodies when they are pressed into the positioning groove.

Already during manufacture, the microcable can be provided with an extruded cover on it. However, it is also possible to apply a cylindrical liner a posteriori, shortly before the placement of the microcable, preferably being a cracked liner, so that it can be placed by interlocking on the microcable.

The profiled bodies used can be cut easily with the help of a chisel or a knife during repair work, so that the microcable to be repaired can be easily lifted.

In a positioning groove, several micro-cables can also be arranged one above the other, in this case opening up the possibility of using a profiled body having several free channels oriented in the longitudinal direction.

Other micro-cables can also be subsequently inserted into a positioning slot, in this case the profiled body being removed first, to create space for the other micro-cable. Next, a profiled body is pressed in, which in turn is closed upwards with a waterproofing material.

If relatively hard profiled bodies are used, additional free channels can extend in the longitudinal direction, which can later be provided with fibers, which can be inserted, for example, by blowing.

Figure 49 shows a VN laying groove in a firm VG laying floor, for example a road surfacing. An MK microcable has already been inserted into the bottom of the slot in this VN placement slot. Above it, a continuous GU shaped body made of elastic material, such as rubber, has been inserted as a fastener for the MK microcable, as indicated by the arrow GK.

It is now shown in FIG. 50 that the profiled body GU is clamped to the microcable MK and to the groove wall NW by pressure. The other laying groove is filled up to the surface of the road SO, with a waterproofing material B, for example with hot melt bitumen.

In figure 51 the operation of a VW positioning unit is shown schematically. On the left side, the MK microcable is unwound directly from a TMK drum, so that the microcable can easily be placed in the positioning slot. In this way, unnecessary deformations of the microcable are avoided. A VS placement pusher prevents the MK microcable from climbing into the placement slot. On the right side of the VW laying unit there is arranged a second TGU drum for the GU shaped body, which is continuously pressed into the VN laying groove above the MK microcable by means of a pressure roller AR. In this way, the MK microcable has been easily placed in a placement process in the VN placement groove, being fixed by the profiled body. The positioning pusher VS is held in position with the help of a spring construction F and a braking device BR ensures that there is a defined winding speed of the two drums TMK and TGU. Finally, the VR placement direction is indicated by an arrow.

Figure 52 shows a microcable MK, which is already provided with an elongated, annular GUR profiled body. This profiled body can be extruded into the MK microcable already during manufacture or can be applied later. In the event of a subsequent application of the GUR profiled body, it is appropriate to provide a longitudinal slot S, so that the GUR profiled body can be inserted by locking, opening beforehand to place it in the microcable MK. It is desirable that the edges of the longitudinal groove S are chamfered, so that placement by interlocking is easier.

Figure 53 shows an MK microcable placed with a GUR shaped body placed on top, which is deformed in such a way from being put under pressure that the gaps have been largely closed. In this embodiment, an additional profile ZP has also been inserted, which closes the positioning slot upwards. The two profiled bodies are made of elastic or plastic material, so that they can be easily deformed. The remainder of the VG laying groove has been closed and sealed again with a waterproofing material, for example hot bitumen B. If a MK microcable has to be raised again, the waterproofing material B is mechanically removed using a chisel , withdrawing from the placement slot. Since only good adhesion exists between the waterproofing material and the groove wall, after removal of the waterproofing material, the profiled body can be easily removed. The MK microcable to be repaired is therefore freely accessible again.

Figure 54 shows the cross-section through an elongated VP profiled body of a solid profile, which has elastic properties, although it cannot be deformed plaistically. By means of WH spring cleats, the profiled body is fixed in the positioning groove. Free channels FK are arranged inside the profiled body VP, extending in the longitudinal direction, into which fibers can later be inserted or blown. In the upper area of ​​the profiled body

ES 2 179 963 T3

VP is provided with a channel for a MK microcable, which is inserted through a VPS slot extending in the longitudinal direction prior to placement in the VP profiled body in the GR direction.

FIG. 55 shows the shaped body VP of FIG. 54 within the positioning groove VN, the elastic cuffs WH having been engaged along the wall of the groove. Additional light wave conductors can be inserted or blown into the free channels FK of the profiled body VP, optionally at a later time. The upper part of the VN laying groove has been filled again with a waterproofing material B.

Figure 56 shows a cross-section of a profiled body P, which also has elastic properties, although it is not plastically deformable, and which is already coated from the factory with a BVP fusible waterproofing material, for example hot bitumen or hot melt adhesive. . This NFT slot-shaped part is heated prior to placement so that it can be jammed into the placement slot while hot. In the profiled body P, free channels are again provided, although here too a slit channel can be provided for accommodating a micro-cable.

Figure 57 shows the placement process for an NFT slot-shaped part according to figure 56. Here a WW hot cylinder is used, by means of which the hot NFT slot-shaped part is pressed into the VN placement slot. . It is suitable that the heating of the waterproofing material that covers the profiled body is carried out by means of irradiation of heat WS from infrared radiators IS. Before laying, the VN laying groove is also heated to avoid too rapid cooling of the waterproofing material. Finally, the excess waterproofing material is tamped and smoothed on the road surface.

Another variant of the invention has the object of providing a method according to which the mini-cable or micro-cable is sufficiently protected against damage by the penetration of tips and objects with very sharp edges. The proposed object is achieved, according to the invention, with the help of a procedure for the introduction of a fiber optic cable of the type explained at the beginning so that after the introduction of the minicable or microcable in the positioning groove a profile of elastic cover, good resilience, difficult to cut by mechanical interventions from the outside, in the longitudinal direction of the mini-cable or micro-cable and because this covers the width of the positioning slot.

The advantages of the method according to the invention for laying light wave conductor cables, in particular minicables or microcables, lie fundamentally in the fact that an additional protection for the conductor cable is already introduced during the laying process itself. of light waves, to prevent mechanical imperfections in the positioning slot. These imperfections in the layout can be caused, for example, by intentional vandalism or accidentally, when carrying out work on the laying floor. For example, if a pointed object with very sharp edges, such as a screwdriver or chisel, penetrates, this object is prevented from reaching the micro-cable. At the same time, there is a plastic elastic deformation of the viscoplastic cover profile, which is formed, for example, by a metallic wire as a nucleus and an elastomeric cover made of plaostic material. Additionally, intermediate covers can be inserted during the laying process, which extend directly above the microcable. In these intermediate covers, wires can be additionally incorporated to reinforce the mechanical resistance and sensors for information to be consulted. With the aid of sensors of this type, faults can, for example, be identified and proper operation checked. The viscoplastic nucleus essentially prevents cutting with a sharp-edged object. The foam cover again cushions the additional load and distributes the compressive load over a large area, so that the mini-cable or micro-cable is no longer deformed or damaged. Furthermore, in this way there is a simple aid for lifting the cable of light wave conductors, since the tensile strength of the cover profile is enough to remove the filling material, arranged above it, from the groove of placement. At the same time, the cover profile serves as a fastener for the light wave conductor cable in the laying groove and can also take on the function of a grounding strap if it contains metal inserts.

Figure 58 shows the cross-section of a VN positioning groove, at the bottom of the groove a MK microcable was placed. Above, a ZWA intermediate cover has been placed after or simultaneously with the placement of the microcable MK, which will be arranged above the microcable MK. This provides additional damping against mechanical influences from above, so that even selective blows with a tool or other similar pointed object cannot deform or even cut the MK microcable. This ZWA intermediate cover can optionally be provided with ZWE inserts, for example metal wires or sensors. With the help of sensors of this type, both the route and also water inlets or faults in road works can be located later, measuring exactly where the faults are. If a ZWA intermediate jacket made of conductive material is used, the MKR tube of the MK microcable can also be made of plastic instead of metal, and the corresponding accessory conditions regarding tensile strength and transverse pressure must be met. Above this intermediate cover ZWA has now also been placed, after the placement of the microcable or at the same time, the cover profile AP, which represents the main object of the invention. This AP cover profile can in principle be designed as wire rope

ES 2 179 963 T3 methyl, plastic, hemp or sisal, the material used must have the corresponding properties. In other words, the AP roof profile must be difficult to cut, it must be mechanically deformable to a certain degree and it must be made viscoplastically, which can be achieved, for example, by braiding individual elements. However, it is an advantage if an element of this type is covered as an MFK nucleus with an elastic covering APU, preferably made of spongy material, the diameter of the entire covering profile AP having to correspond to the width of the positioning groove VN, of so that with oil a clamping is also obtained by tightening in the positioning groove. The MFK core itself must have a thickness that corresponds at least to the diameter of the microcable, so that the AP cover profile with its MFK core can protect the microcable by covering it completely. The remainder of the VN laying groove is filled up to the surface of the VG laying floor with a filler material, preferably hot bitumen. An AP cover profile of this type therefore offers to a great extent protection against accidental or deliberate entry of destructive objects into the VN positioning groove, preventing the MFK viscoplastic nucleus to a large extent from penetration by an object of sharp edges. The elastic APU cover absorbs the load and distributes the compressive load over a large area. The MK microcable underneath is not distorted or damaged. The intermediate cover ZWA shown in this figure should not necessarily be part of the arrangement, if the cover profile AP meets the required conditions on its own. In addition, the mechanically solid structure of the AP roof profile can also be used as a simple lifting aid for the MK microcable, since due to the high mechanical strength, the FM filling material arranged above can be removed with oil if necessary. of the same from the VN positioning slot.

Figure 59 shows a presumed mechanical load by a pointed object SG, penetrating with a force P into the positioning groove, which has been filled with the filling material FM. Du Rante this process the filling material FM and SG object collides against elóastica APU cover the cover profile AP moves. In this way, the APU cover is deformed or even cut, although the pointed object SG then collides with the hard-to-cut MFK core of the AP cover profile, where it finally stops. The side of the APU cover disposed below deforms under the generated pressure and a pressure distribution occurs. Therefore, the microcable MK arranged underneath, which in this case is arranged underneath the intermediate cover ZWA, is not damaged.

Figure 60 shows the process according to figure 59 in a cross-sectional representation. Here it is shown that the pointed object SG deforms or even cuts the APU cover when it hits the AP cover profile, subsequently preventing the MFK core from penetrating further. Otherwise, the conditions correspond to the realizations according to figure 59.