Inflatable sports ball with restriction structure

TECHNICAL FIELD

0001The disclosure relates to inflatable sports balls. More particularly, inflatable sports balls having a restriction structure.

BACKGROUND

0002A variety of inflatable sports balls, such as soccer balls, conventionally exhibit a layered structure that includes a casing, an intermediate structure, and a bladder. The casing forms an exterior portion of the sports ball and is generally formed from a plurality of durable and wear-resistant panels joined together along abutting edge areas (e.g., with stitching, adhesives, or bonding), i.e., via a seam. Designs such as decorative elements and holistic textural patterns may be applied to the exterior surface of the casing.

0003An intermediate structure forms a middle portion of the sports ball and is positioned between the casing and the bladder. Among other purposes, the intermediate structure may provide a softened feel to the sports ball, impart energy return, and restrict expansion of the bladder.

0004<patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US2688488A"><text>US 2 688 488 A</text></patcit> describes an ellipsoidal athletic ball comprising a valve equipped ellipsoidal bladder, a cover, and a fibrous structure intermediate the bladder and the cover including a reinforcing tape in the form of a loop having its ends interconnected and lying in line with the major axis of the ball and also including a separate set of fabric strips applied to the bladder surface at each side of the reinforcing tape and disposed obliquely to said reinforcing tape, said strips at each side of the reinforcing tape being in progressively overlapping relation to cover the surface of the bladder and with the ends of each set of strips having lapping relationship with the ends of the other set of strips at points along the length of said reinforcing tape, all of the strips in each set having one end connected to the reinforcing tape at one point in the length of the ball and the other end connected to said reinforcing tape at another point in the length of said ball, and with the obliqueness of one set of fabric strips with respect to said reinforcing tape being opposite to that of the other set.

0005<patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US2623747A"><text>US 2 623 747 A</text></patcit> describes an inflatable athletic ball comprising a spherical valve-equipped bladder, a layer of fabric pieces applied directly to said bladder, a layer of thread turns applied to said fabric layer, an outer layer of fabric applied to the thread turns comprising fabric strips of narrow width substantially encircling the ball disposed on great circles at 90° to each other and also comprising a plurality of shorter fabric strips, acting as filler strips closing in spaces between. the first strips and disposed on great circles, and a cover applied to said last-named layer.

0006<patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US4542902A"><text>US 4 542 902 A</text></patcit> describes soccer balls comprised of a generally spherically shaped center portion or core prepared from a piece(s) of material, multistrand yarn at least partially covering this center portion, tape at least partially covering the yarn covered center portion, a synthetic cloth cover. The cover is preferably formed of two cloth pieces which have patterns imprinted thereon by, e.g., silk screening, designed so that, when the cover is secured over the wrapped center portion, the ball has the appearance of a conventional soccer ball.

0007<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="WO2018217443A1"><text>WO 2018/217443 A1</text></patcit> describes an inflatable sports ball. The sports ball includes an interior bladder and a cover disposed about the interior bladder. The cover may include an outer substrate and an intermediate structure. The cover may further include an outer substrate surface, defined by the outer substrate, and a feature surface radially spaced apart from the outer substrate surface. Together the outer substrate surface and the feature surface cooperate to define an exterior surface of the cover. A mechanoluminescent material may be embedded in a portion of the cover. The mechanoluminescent material may be disposed at only one of the outer substrate surface and the feature surface, such that it is positioned to form a predetermined design on the cover. The mechanoluminescent material emits visible light in response to an externally-applied stress, such that the predetermined design illuminates when an external stress or mechanical stimulus is exerted upon the cover.

SUMMARY

0008The claimed invention is defined by the independent claim, while specific embodiments form the subject of the dependent claims.

0009An inflatable sports ball is provided. The inflatable sports ball comprises a bladder, an outer cover layer, and an intermediate structure. The bladder may define an exterior bladder surface, a bladder circumference, and a valve opening configured to receive a valve. The intermediate structure is disposed between the outer cover layer and the bladder. The intermediate structure comprises a restriction structure.

0010The restriction structure is configured to restrict the expansion of and maintains the shape of the bladder. The restriction structure is formed in a non-planar configuration and shaped to conform with the exterior bladder surface. More particularly, the restriction structure further comprises a plurality of overlapping strips wrapped about the bladder circumference. In this way, the restriction structure comprises a uniform number of radially-stacked layers of the overlapping strips over a substantial entirety of the exterior bladder surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0011<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> is a schematic perspective view of an example inflatable sports ball.</li><li><figref idref="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> is a schematic perspective view of an example bladder defining an exterior bladder surface, a bladder circumference, and a valve opening.</li><li><figref idref="f0001">FIG. 3</figref> is a schematic perspective view of an example inflatable sports ball, wherein the ball includes an interior bladder and a casing, the casing including an outer cover layer and an intermediate structure.</li><li><figref idref="f0002">FIG. 4</figref> is a schematic perspective view of an example bladder wrapped with a plurality of overlapping strips, which form a restriction structure.</li><li><figref idref="f0003">FIG. 5</figref> is a schematic plan view of an example strip.</li><li><figref idref="f0003">FIG. 6</figref> is a schematic plan view of a plurality of overlapping and interwoven strips prior to wrapping the same about the bladder circumference, wherein the overlapping and interwoven strips define a valve opening central thereto.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7A</figref> is an example schematic plan view of an example panel having surface features formed thereon.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7B</figref> is an example schematic plan view of an example panel having surface features formed thereon.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7C</figref> is an example schematic plan view of an example panel having surface features formed thereon.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7D</figref> is an example schematic plan view of an example panel having surface features formed thereon.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7E</figref> is an example schematic plan view of an example panel having surface features formed thereon.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">FIG. 8</figref> is an example cross-section view of the casing, as shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 3</figref>, taken along line 8-8.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">FIG. 9</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross-section of an example indentation shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>, taken along line 9-9, wherein the indentation is defined as a seam.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">FIG. 10</figref> is an enlarged, schematic cross-sectional view of an example ball having a plurality of protrusions extending from the outer cover layer surface.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11A</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11B</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11C</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11D</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li><li><figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11E</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li><li><figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11F</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li><li><figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11G</figref> is an enlarged, schematic, example cross sectional view of an example indentation, wherein the indentation is defined as a channel.</li></ul>

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

0012While the present disclosure may be described with respect to specific applications or industries, those skilled in the art will recognize the broader applicability of the disclosure. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that terms such as "above," "below," "upward," "downward," etc., are used descriptively of the figures, and do not represent limitations on the scope of the disclosure, as defined by the appended claims. Any numerical designations, such as "first" or "second" are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way.

0013The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, or components. Orders of steps, processes, and operations may be altered when possible, and additional or alternative steps may be employed. As used in this specification, the term "or" includes any one and all combinations of the associated listed items. The term "any of" is understood to include any possible combination of referenced items, including "any one of" the referenced items. The term "any of" is understood to include any possible combination of referenced claims of the appended claims, including "any one of" the referenced claims.

0014The terms "a," "an," "the," "at least one," and "one or more" are used interchangeably to indicate that at least one of the items is present. A plurality of such items may be present unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. All numerical values of parameters (e.g., of quantities or conditions) in this specification, unless otherwise indicated expressly or clearly in view of the context, including the appended claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about" whether or not "about" actually appears before the numerical value. "About" indicates that the stated numerical value allows some slight imprecision (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If the imprecision provided by "about" is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then "about" as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters. In addition, a disclosure of a range is to be understood as specifically disclosing all values and further divided ranges within the range.

0015The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various sports ball configurations and methods relating to the manufacturing of the sport balls. Although the sports ball is depicted as a soccer ball in the associated figures, concepts associated with the configurations and methods may be applied to various types of inflatable sport balls, such as basketballs, footballs (for either American football or rugby), volleyballs, water polo balls, etc.

0016Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like components throughout the several views, an inflatable sports ball 10 is provided. In a general sense, the sports ball 10 of the present disclosure includes a casing 12 disposed about an interior bladder 16. The casing 12 includes an outer cover layer 24 and an intermediate structure 14 disposed between the outer cover layer 24 and the interior bladder 16. The intermediate structure 14 includes a restriction structure 22 configured to restrict the expansion of and maintain the shape of the interior bladder 16, when the bladder 16 is inflated to a predetermined internal pressure. The restriction structure 22 comprises a plurality of overlapping strips 15 wrapped about a circumference 30 of the bladder 16. In this way, the restriction structure 22 comprises a uniform number of radially-stacked layers of the overlapping strips 15 over a substantial entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21 between the exterior bladder surface 21 and the outer cover layer 24.

0017The plurality of overlapping strips 15 is a beneficial configuration for the restriction structure 22, because such a configuration creates a uniform number of radially-stacked layers and/or a uniform thickness of the restriction structure 22 across a substantial entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21. Such a configuration of the restriction structure 22 also eliminates a need for an adhesive binder to secure the respective strips 15 in place on the bladder 16. Such consistency in the number of radially-stacked layers of the overlapping strips 15 across an entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21, as well as the absence of a heavy and/or bulky resin binder, promotes improved consistency in rebound characteristics, improved balance (reduced wobble), as well as improved touch properties of the sports ball 10.

0018Such a configuration of the restriction structure 22 also allows for consistency in manufacturing, as well as optimization of the dimensions, e.g., size, weight, and sphericity of the sports ball 10, which is particularly beneficial when the sports ball 10 is embodied as an inflatable soccer ball, as depicted in <figref idref="f0001 f0002">FIGS. 1-4</figref>, as high level, pro quality soccer balls shall be manufactured to at least the specifications set forth by Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) for Size 5 FIFA Quality Pro level soccer balls. Sports balls 10 governed by the Size 5 FIFA Quality Pro level specifications are required to embody a circumference of from 685 millimeters to about 695 millimeters, a weight of from 420 grams to 445 grams, a sphericity max percentage of 1.5%, and a rebound height of from 135 centimeters to 155 centimeters at 20 degrees Celsius. Further, a restriction structure 22 formed via the particular overlapping strips 15 of <figref idref="f0003">FIGS. 5-6</figref> of the present disclosure, allows for efficient manufacturing of the restriction structure 22 while mitigating waste of the material, which comprises the respective overlapping strips 15 thereof.

0019As shown in <figref idref="f0001 f0002">FIGS. 1-4</figref>, the sports ball 10 may be an inflatable sports ball 10 such as a soccer ball or the like. A sports ball 10 having the general configuration of a soccer ball is depicted in <figref idref="f0001 f0002">FIGS. 1-4</figref>. As shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 3</figref>, <figref idref="f0002">4</figref>, and <figref idref="f0005 f0006 f0007">8-11G</figref>, the sports ball 10 may have a layered structure including an interior 16, an intermediate structure 14, and an outer cover layer 24. The outer cover layer 24 forms an exterior portion of the sports ball 10. The interior 16 forms an interior portion of the sports ball 10.

0020The interior may be a bladder 16 (<figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 2, 3</figref>, <figref idref="f0005">8 and 10</figref>) having an exterior bladder surface 21. The bladder 16 may be formed from a variety of elastomeric or otherwise stretchable materials and may be further capable of being inflated to a predetermined internal pressure. More particularly, the bladder 16 may be formed of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material or a rubber material. In order to facilitate inflation (i.e., fill the interior with pressurized air) of the bladder 16 to the predetermined internal pressure, the bladder 16 defines a valved opening 19 that houses a valve 17 and extends through the bladder 16, the outer cover layer 24, and the intermediate structure 14, thereby allowing access to the valve 17 from an exterior surface 13 of the sports ball 10. Upon inflation, the bladder 16 is pressurized and the pressurization induces the exterior bladder surface 21 and the exterior surface 13 of the sports ball 10 to be non-planar and substantially-spherical surfaces, as the sports ball 10 takes on a substantially-spherical shape. As shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIGS 2</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">4</figref>, the ball 10 may have an interior center 31 and a central axis A that runs through the interior center 31. The valve 17 and the valved opening 19 may be positioned on the central axis A.

0021In some examples, a counterweight 32 (<figref idref="f0002">FIG. 4</figref>) may be disposed on the central axis A opposite the valve 17 on the ball 10 to better balance the resultant sports ball 10. In this way, the counterweight 32 is positioned diametrically opposite the inflation valve 17 to counterbalance the weight of the inflation valve 17 and position the center of gravity of the ball 10, when inflated to the predetermined internal pressure, at the geometric center 31 of the sphere. The counterweight 32 may be a textile patch, a foam patch, or the like.

0022The casing 12 is disposed about the interior bladder 16 and forms an exterior portion of the sports ball 10, which further defines the exterior surface 13. As shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 3</figref> and <figref idref="f0005 f0006 f0007">8-11G</figref>, the casing 12 may comprise a layered structure including an outer cover layer 24 and an intermediate structure 14 located interior to the outer cover layer 24 between the outer cover layer 24 and the bladder 16. Said another way, the intermediate structure 14 is disposed between the outer cover layer 24 and the bladder 16.

0023The intermediate structure 14 forms a middle portion of the sports ball 10 and is positioned between the outer cover layer 24 and the bladder 16. Among other purposes, the intermediate structure 14 may provide a softened feel to the sport ball 10, impart energy return, and restrict expansion of the bladder 16. In some configurations, the intermediate structure 14 or portions of the intermediate structure 14 may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the outer cover layer 24 as a backing material. In other configurations, the intermediate structure 14 or portions of the intermediate structure 14 may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the interior 16.

0024The intermediate structure 14 may include a restriction structure 22 and a plurality of intermediate layers 26a, 26b. The restriction structure 22 is disposed in contact with the bladder exterior surface 21. The plurality of intermediate layers 26a, 26b are disposed between the outer cover layer 24 and the restriction structure 22, and may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the outer cover layer 24 as a backing material. The counterweight 32 may be disposed upon the restriction structure 22 between the restriction structure 22 and the intermediate layers 26a, 26b.

0025The intermediate layers 26a, 26b may include a first intermediate layer 26a and a second intermediate layer 26b. The first intermediate layer 26a is disposed between the second intermediate layer 26b and the outer cover layer 24. The second intermediate layer 26b is disposed between the first intermediate layer 26a and the restriction structure 22. The intermediate layers 26a, 26b may be comprised of a suitable textile material or foam material. Examples of suitable polymer foam materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, ethylvinylacetate, and the like. Examples of suitable textile materials include, but are not limited to, a woven or knit textile formed from polyester, cotton, nylon, rayon, silk, spandex, or a variety of other materials. A textile material may also include multiple materials, such as a polyester and cotton blend.

0026The intermediate layers 26a, 26b provide a softened feel to the sports ball 10 and provide insulation of the bladder 16 to minimize sound generated by striking the air-filled and pressurized bladder 16. In one example configuration, the first intermediate layer 26a may comprise a thermoplastic foam material, and more particularly, a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) foam material. In such an example, the second intermediate cover layer 26b may comprise a winding layer, wherein a textile yard, thread, or filament is repeatedly wound about the restriction structure 22 to form a mesh that covers substantially all of the restriction structure 22. In this way, the second intermediate layer 26b allows for optimization of the size and weight dimensions of the ball 10, while imparting improved rebound characteristics. In other embodiments, each of the intermediate layers 26a, 26b may comprise foam materials.

0027The restriction structure 22 may have a variety of configurations and/or functional purposes, including, but not limited to, restricting expansion of the bladder 16, imparting energy return, and improving consistency in the size, weight, balance, and rebound properties of the sports ball 10. Upon pressurization to a predetermined internal pressure, the bladder 16 induces the sports ball 10 to take on a non-planar and substantially spherical shape. More particularly, pressure within the bladder 16 causes the exterior bladder surface 21 to place an outward force upon the restriction structure 22, which is disposed in contact with the bladder exterior surface 21. In turn, the restriction structure 22 places an outward force upon the casing 12, particularly the second intermediate layer 26b. Said another way, bladder 16 places an outward force upon restriction structure 22, but the reduced stretch characteristics of restriction structure 22 effectively mitigate the outward force from inducing significant tension in casing 12. As such, the restriction structure 22 restrains pressure from the bladder 16, while permitting outward forces to induce a non-planar and substantially-spherical shape in the casing 12, thereby imparting a substantially- spherical shape to the sports ball 10.

0028As such, in general, the restriction structure 22 may be formed from materials with a limited degree of stretch in order to limit the expansion of bladder 16 and also limit tension in casing 12, or, alternatively, restriction structures 22 formed from a mildly-stretchable material may be paired with a material with a limited degree of stretch in order to limit the expansion of the bladder 16, while also improving rebound and resilience characteristics of the sports ball 10. Accordingly, the construction of the restriction structure 22 may vary significantly to include a variety of configurations and materials.

0029As examples, conventional restriction structures may be formed from (a) thread, yarn, or filament that is repeatedly wound around bladder 16 in various directions to form a mesh that covers substantially all of a bladder 16, (b) a plurality of generally flat or planar strips that are impregnated with latex and placed in an overlapping configuration around bladder 16, or (c) a substantially seamless textile. In utilizing a conventional restriction structure such as (a)-(c) detailed herein above, there is generally a large amount of textile material as well as latex or resin binder needed to provide the necessary restriction of the bladder 16, which causes difficulties in controlling the dimensions, i.e., the size, weight, and sphericity of the resultant sports ball 10, as well as less predictability in consistency of the flight characteristics, rebound and resilience characteristics, and touch properties of the ball 10.

0030More particularly, the amount of material utilized for a conventional restriction structure 22 to achieve the desired sound characteristics, improved resilience, and improved rebound properties often produces a ball 10 that is heavier or larger in diameter and/or circumference than desired or required by specifications such as the specifications set forth by Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) for Size 5 FIFA Quality Pro level soccer balls. Application of conventional restriction structures to the bladder 16 in the manufacturing process also produces inconsistencies in the dimensions, i.e., the size, weight, and sphericity of the resultant sports ball 10. These inconsistencies can be solved via the present disclosure.

0031As shown in <figref idref="f0002 f0003">FIGS. 4-6</figref>, <figref idref="f0005">8, and 10</figref> the restriction structure 22 of the present disclosure is composed of a plurality of overlapping strips 15, such that the restriction structure 22 comprises a uniform number of radially-stacked layers of the overlapping strips 15 or a uniform thickness over a substantial entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21. Further, the restriction structure 22 is formed in a non-planar configuration and is shaped to conform with exterior bladder surface 21 (<figref idref="f0002">FIG. 4</figref>), when the bladder 16 is inflated.

0032In one example, the overlapping strips 15 may comprise a textile material. The textile material may be a woven, knit, or similarly formed textile. The textile material may further incorporate an elastomeric element, to refine the stretch characteristics of the textile material. The textile material may further incorporate a thermoplastic component or be impregnated with a thermoplastic component, such that the overlapping strips 15 or layers thereof may be welded together. Accordingly, examples of suitable textile materials include, but are not limited to, a muslin material, a canvas material, a woven or knit textile formed from wool, polyester, cotton, nylon, rayon, silk, spandex, or a variety of other materials. A textile material may also include multiple materials, such as a polyester and cotton blend. Examples of suitable thermoplastic components may include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylic, nylon, and the like.

0033In another example, the overlapping strips 15 may comprise an elastomeric material. The elastomeric material may be a rubber material, a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material, or another suitable elastomeric material. In such an example, wherein the overlapping strips 15 comprise an elastomeric material, the overall resilience and rebound properties of the resultant sports ball 10 may be improved. However, in such an example, the elastomeric material alone may not have the requisite limited stretch properties to sufficiently restrain expansion of the bladder 16. As such, in an example wherein the overlapping strips 15 comprise an elastomeric material, the second intermediate layer 26b of the intermediate structure 14 may be comprised of a winding layer. In such an example, the winding layer comprises at least one of a textile yard, thread, or filament that is repeatedly wound about the overlapping strips 15 of the restriction structure 22 to form a mesh that covers substantially all of the restriction structure 22. In this way, the winding layer provides that the additional limited stretch properties to the intermediate structure 14 to sufficiently restrain expansion of the bladder 16, while the elastomeric material of the restriction structure 22 allows for the improved rebound and resilience properties of the resultant sports ball 10. The winding layer also provides for the ability to improve or optimize the size, weight, and sphericity of the resultant sports ball 10 during the manufacturing process.

0034As illustrated in <figref idref="f0002">FIGS. 4</figref> and <figref idref="f0003">6</figref>, the plurality of overlapping strips 15 may be arranged prior to assembly on the bladder 16, to define a nexus void 27. In this way, the nexus void 27 is disposed on the central axis A, such that the nexus void 27 is aligned with the valve 17 and the valved opening 19 and the valve 17 is disposed in the nexus void 27. As shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIGS. 8 and 10</figref>, once the plurality of strips 15 is disposed on and wrapped about the bladder 16, a uniform number of radially-stacked layers of overlapping strips 15 within the restriction structure 22 are disposed over a substantial entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21. For example, the restriction structure 22 may comprise a first layer 22a of overlapping strips 15 and a second layer 22b of overlapping strips 15 over the entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21.

0035Each strip 15 has a first end 44, a second end 46, a first edge 48, and a second edge 50. The first end 44 is positioned opposite the second end 46, such that a length 76 of the respective strip 15 is measured from the first end 44 to the second end 46. The first edge 48 is further positioned opposite the second edge 50, such that a width 74 of the respective strip 15 is measured from the first edge 48 to the second edge 50. Further each of the first edge 48 and the second edge 50 extend from the first end 44 to the second end 46 of each respective strip 15. Each strip 15 may further define an aspect ratio of length 76 to width 74. The aspect ratio of length 76 to width 74 may be from about 1:1 to about 15:1.

0036In one example embodiment, the aspect ratio of length 76 to width 74 of the respective strip 15 may be from about 1:1 to about 5:1. In such an example embodiment, which is partially illustrated in <figref idref="f0005">FIGS. 8 and 10</figref>, the plurality of strips 15 may comprise a plurality of overlapping patches disposed about the entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21. In such an example, the first layer 22a is welded to the second layer 22b across the entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21 and throughout the restriction structure 22. As utilized and further defined herein, the term "welding" or variants thereof (such as "thermal bonding") is defined as a technique for securing two elements to one another that involves a softening or melting of a polymer material within at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to each other when cooled. Similarly, the term "weld" or variants thereof (e.g., "thermal bond") is defined as the bond, link, or structure that joins two elements through a process that involves a softening or melting of a polymer material within at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to each other when cooled.

0037In another example embodiment, as illustrated in <figref idref="f0002 f0003">FIGS. 4-6</figref>, <figref idref="f0005">8, and 10</figref>, the aspect ratio of length 76 to width 74 of the respective strip 15 may be greater than about 8:1 and more particularly about 10:1. Said another way, the width 74 of the respective strip 15 may be quantified as from about 1/8^th to about 1/10^th of the length 76 or from about 10% to about 13% of the length 76 of the respective strip 15. Such length 76 and width 74 dimensions for the strips 15, namely, an aspect ratio of length 76 to width 74 of from about 8:1 to about 10:1, provide for a mitigation of waste material in the manufacture of the restriction structure 22.

0038In such an example, the length 76 of the respective strip 15 may be substantially the same as the measurement of the bladder circumference 30, when the sports ball 10 is inflated to the predetermined internal pressure. As such, the width 74 of the respective strip 15 may be quantified as from about 1/8^th to about 1/10^th of the measurement of the bladder circumference 30, when the sports ball 10 is inflated to the predetermined internal pressure and/or from about 10% to about 13% of the bladder circumference 30, when the sports ball 10 is fully inflated to the predetermined internal pressure.

0039According to the invention, and as illustrated in <figref idref="f0002 f0003">FIGS. 4-6</figref>, the plurality of overlapping strips 15 is further defined as a plurality of overlapping and interwoven strips 15 (<figref idref="f0003">FIG. 5</figref>). In such an example, the restriction structure 22 again comprises a uniform number of radially-stacked layers of the overlapping and interwoven strips 15 over a substantial entirety of the exterior bladder surface 21, for example, two layers, namely, a first layer 22a and a second layer 22b. In such an example, the first layer 22a is interwoven with and welded to the second layer 22b.

0040In one example, wherein the plurality of overlapping strips 15 are further defined as a plurality of overlapping and interwoven strips 15, each strip 15 may be formed in a linear configuration, such that each of the first edge 48 and the second edge 50 are linear. While being linear in configuration, the first edge 48 and the second edge 50 remain substantially parallel along the length 76 of the respective strip 15.

0041In another example, wherein the plurality of overlapping strips 15 are further defined as a plurality of overlapping and interwoven strips 15, each strip 15 may be formed in a wave-like configuration as illustrated by example in <figref idref="f0003">FIG. 5</figref>. Referring to <figref idref="f0003">FIG. 5</figref>, the first edge 48 and second edge 50 define a wave-like configuration comprising a plurality of crests and a plurality of depressions. In such an example, the first edge 48 is non-linear and the second edge 50 is non-linear.

0042The first edge 48 may define a first plurality of crests 52, a first plurality of depressions 54, and a first edge equilibrium 40. Each crest 52 of the first plurality of crests extends to a crest terminus 59 that is spaced apart from the first edge equilibrium 40 in a first direction D1 by a first edge crest height 70a. Each depression 54 of the first plurality of depressions extends to a depression terminus 71 that is spaced apart from the first edge equilibrium 40 in a second direction D2, which is opposite the first direction D1, by a first edge depression depth 72a.

0043The second edge 50 may define a second plurality of crests 55, a second plurality of depressions 57, and a second edge equilibrium 42. Each crest 55 of the second plurality of crests extends to a crest terminus 45 that is spaced apart from the second edge equilibrium 42 in the first direction D1 by a second edge crest height 70b. Each depression 57 of the second plurality of depressions extends to a depression terminus 47 that is spaced apart from the second edge equilibrium 42 in the second direction D2 by a second edge depression depth 72b.

0044Further, the first plurality of crests 52 and the first plurality of depressions 54 may further comprise an alternating and repeating series of crests 52 and depressions 54, such that the first edge 48 takes on a wave-like configuration. In this way, each crest 52 is positioned between two depressions 54 and each depression 54 is positioned between two crests 52. Likewise, the second plurality of crests 55 and the second plurality of depressions 57 may further comprise an alternating and repeating series of crests 55 and depressions 57, such that the second edge 50 takes on a wave-like configuration. In this way, each crest 55 is positioned between two depressions 57 and each depression 57 is positioned between two crests 55.

0045However, while being non-linear in configuration, the first edge 48 and the second edge 50 remain substantially parallel along the length 76 of the respective strip 15. Accordingly, each crest 52 of the first plurality of crests is aligned with one of the crests 55 of the second plurality of crests and each depression 54 of the first plurality of depressions is aligned with one of the depressions 57 from the second plurality of depressions.

0046More particularly, the first edge crest height 70a is substantially the same as the first edge depression depth 72a. The second edge crest height 70b is substantially the same as the second edge depression depth 72b. The first edge crest height 70a is substantially the same as the second edge crest height 70b. The first edge depression depth 72a is substantially the same as the second edge depression depth 72b. Further, the first edge crest height 70a and the first edge depression depth 72a cooperate to define the wave amplitude of the first edge 48. Likewise, the second edge crest height 70b and the second edge depression depth 72b cooperate to define the wave amplitude of the second edge 50.

0047In one example, as illustrated in <figref idref="f0003">FIG. 5</figref>, the wave amplitude of the first edge 48 is from about 1/8^th or 12.5% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15 to about 1/3^rd or 33% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15. Likewise, the wave amplitude of the second edge 50 is from about 1/8^th or 12.5% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15 to about 1/3^rd or 33% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15. More particularly, in one example, the wave amplitude of each of the first edge 48 and the second edge 50 is about 1/4^th or about 25% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15.

0048Said another way, the first crest height 70a, the second crest height 70b, the first depression depth 72a, and the second depression depth 72b may quantified as from about 1/16^th or 6.25% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15 to about 1/6^th or 17% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15. More particularly, the first crest height 70a, the second crest height 70b, the first depression depth 72a, and the second depression depth 72b may be quantified as approximately 1/8^th of or from about 12% to about 13% of the width 74 of the respective strip 15, such that the ratio of first crest height 70a to width 74 is about 1:8, the ratio of second crest height 70b to width 74 is about 1:8, the ratio of first depression depth 72a to width 74 is about 1:8, the ratio of second depression depth 72b to width 74 is about 1:8.

0049In one example embodiment, the plurality of overlapping and interwoven strips 15 comprises six overlapping and interwoven strips 15, namely, a first strip 15a, a second strip 15b, a third strip 15c, a fourth strip 15d, a fifth strip 15e, and a sixth strip 15f (<figref idref="f0003">FIG. 6</figref>). In the six-strip example, illustrated in <figref idref="f0002">FIGS. 4</figref> and <figref idref="f0003">6</figref>, the first strip 15a, the second strip 15b, the third strip 15c, the fourth strip 15d, and the fifth strip 15e are positioned radially about the nexus void 27, such that the nexus void 27 is disposed between the first end 44 and the second end 46 of each of the respective strips 15 (<figref idref="f0003">FIG. 6</figref>). Each of the first strip 15a, the second strip 15b, the third strip 15c, the fourth strip 15d, and the fifth strip 15e are interwoven with each of the other strips 15 (<figref idref="f0003">FIG. 6</figref>) and wrapped about the bladder circumference 30 (<figref idref="f0002">FIG. 4</figref>).

0050Once wrapped about the bladder circumference 30, the first end 44 of the respective strip 15 is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of that respective strip 15, such that the first end 44 abuts the second end 46 thereby forming a restrictor ring about the bladder circumference 30. More particularly, the first end 44 of the first strip 15a is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of the first strip 15a, the first end 44 of the second strip 15b is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of the second strip 15b, the first end 44 of the third strip 15c is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of the third strip 15c, the first end 44 of the fourth strip 15d is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of the fourth strip 15d, and the first end 44 of the fifth strip 15e is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of the fifth strip 15e, when the plurality of strips 15 of <figref idref="f0003">FIGS. 5</figref> are overlapped and interwoven about the bladder circumference 30. The sixth strip 15f is then disposed about the equator of the bladder 16 and wrapped about the bladder circumference 30, such that the first end 44 of the sixth strip 15f is positioned adjacent to and in contact with the second end 46 of the sixth strip 15f.

0051The first end 44 and second end 46 of the respective strips 15 may be fixed to one another via welding, adhesive binder, stitching, or another suitable coupling mechanism, such that the respective restrictor ring is interwoven with each of the other restrictor rings and secured about the bladder circumference 30.

0052In some embodiments, the outer cover layer 24 may be composed of a variety of suitable materials including leather and/or suitable polymeric materials. In some configurations the outer cover layer 24 is composed of a polymeric material, a polymer foam material, or the like. Examples of suitable polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyolefin, and/or other materials that are generally durable and wear-resistant. In one example, the outer cover layer 24 may be formed of a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU).

0053As shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 1, 3</figref>, and <figref idref="f0004">7A-7E</figref>, the outer cover layer 24 may be generally formed by a plurality of adjoining panels 28, wherein each panel 28 has a respective panel surface that defines a portion of the outer cover layer surface 18. The plurality of panels 28 may comprise the conventional twelve (12) panels or any other number of panels 28, for example, four joined panels 28 each having nine edges 36 and having a generally triangular shape that is formed from three pentagons. Panels 28 may also have a variety of other shapes (e.g., triangular, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, round, oval) that combine in a tessellation-type manner to form the outer cover layer 24. Further, panels 28 may also exhibit non-regular or non-geometrical shapes. The outer cover layer 24 may also exhibit a substantially uniform or unbroken configuration that does not include panels 28 joined at abutting edge areas 36 via seams 38 or may include fewer panels 28.

0054As shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 1, 3</figref>, <figref idref="f0004">7A-7E</figref>, <figref idref="f0005">9, 10</figref>, and <figref idref="f0006 f0007">11A-11G</figref>, the outer cover layer 24 may further define a plurality of surface features 34, 38, 58. The plurality of surface features 34, 38, 58 may include a first plurality of indentations 38, a second plurality of indentations 34, and a plurality of protrusions 58. The outer cover layer surface 18 may define a plurality of land areas 60 disposed between the respective indentations 34, 38 and/or protrusions 58. Further, the protrusions 58, the land areas 60, the first plurality of indentations 38, and second plurality of indentations 34 may cooperate to define a topographical arrangement across the exterior surface 13 of the sports ball 10.

0055As shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIG. 9</figref>, the first plurality of indentations 38 may have a first indentation terminus 63 radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 in a direction toward the interior bladder 16. Further, each of the first plurality of indentations 38 has a first indentation depth 41 and a first indentation width 43. The first indentation terminus 63 is radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 by the first indentation depth 41. In one example, as shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIG. 9</figref>, the first plurality of indentations 38 may be defined as a plurality of seams 38 configured to couple the plurality of panels 28. In one example, the first plurality of indentations 38 are defined as seams, the first indentation width 43 is a seam width and the first indentation depth 41 is a seam depth.

0056The respective panels 28 may be joined together along abutting edge areas 36 (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7A-7E</figref>) via at least one seam 38 (<figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 1 and 3</figref>). The panels 28 may be coupled along the abutting edge areas 36 by the seam 38 with stitching, bonding, welding, adhesives, or another suitable coupling method.

0057An example of welded seams 38 is disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US8608599B"><text>U.S. Patent No. 8,608,599 to Raynak, et al.</text></patcit><patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="US8608599B"><text>U.S. Patent No. 8,608,599 to Raynak, et al.</text></patcit> generally discloses examples of welded seams, in that welding generally produces a heat affected zone in which the materials of the two joined components are intermingled. This heat affected zone may be considered a "weld" or "thermal bond." Further, welding may involve (a) the melting or softening of two panels that include polymer materials such that the polymer materials from each panel intermingle with each other (e.g., diffuse across a boundary layer between the polymer materials) and are secured together when cooled, as well as (b) the melting or softening of a polymer material in a first panel such that the polymer material extends into or infiltrates the structure of a second panel (e.g., infiltrates crevices or cavities formed in the second panel or extends around or bonds with filaments or fibers in the second panel) to secure the panels together when cooled. Further, welding may occur when only one panel includes a polymer material or when both panels include polymer materials.

0058Referring to <figref idref="f0004">FIGS. 7A-7E</figref> and <figref idref="f0006 f0007">11A-11G</figref>, each of the second plurality of indentations 34 may have a second indentation terminus 65 radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 in a direction toward the interior bladder 16. Further, each of the second plurality of indentations 34 has a second indentation depth 67 and a second indentation width 61. The second indentation terminus 65 is radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 by the second indentation depth 67.

0059The second plurality of indentations 34 may be defined as a plurality of channels. In some example embodiments, the channels 34 may be spaced apart from the seams 38 of the sports ball 10 (<figref idref="f0004">FIGS. 7A, 7C, 7D, 7E</figref>). In other example embodiments, the channels 34 may extend to edges 36 of the panels 28 and, thus, continue across a respective seam 38 (<figref idref="f0004">FIG 7B</figref>). More particularly, a channel 34 on a first panel and a channel 34 on a second panel may be in substantial alignment with one another across a respective seam 38. This may also enable patterns, arrangements, or other designs to be carried across multiple panels, bridging seams 38 between the panels 28. Channels 34 may impart various advantages to ball 10. For example, channels 34 may enhance the aerodynamics of ball 10, provide a greater amount of consistency or control over ball 10 during play, e.g., during kicking, dribbling, or passing, improve ball feel, and provide for water channeling.

0060Channels 34 may be formed in the outer cover layer 24 via a variety of manufacturing processes including, but not limited to, debossing. Examples of a manufacturing process for forming channels 34 are disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="US9370693B"><text>U.S. Patent No. 9,370,693 to Berggren, et al.</text></patcit><patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="US9370693B"><text>U.S. Patent No. 9,370,693 to Berggren, et al.</text></patcit> generally discloses a variety of manufacturing processes that may be utilized to form debossed features in panels. In one example, one of the panels is located on a platen. A press plate is positioned above the platen and includes an extension portion having a predetermined shape. The extension portion presses into and heats the areas of panel forming the debossed features. The press plate then moves away from the panel to substantially complete the formation of the debossed feature.

0061As shown in <figref idref="f0006 f0007">FIGS. 11A-11G</figref>, each channel 34 has a channel terminus 65 that is radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 in a direction toward the interior bladder 16. Further, each channel 34 has a channel depth 67 and a channel width 61. The channel terminus 65 is radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 the channel depth 67.

0062The channels 34 are formed in the outer cover layer 24 and extend toward the interior bladder 16. The intermediate layers 26a, 26b of the intermediate structure 14 are positioned between outer cover layer 24 and the restriction structure 22. The outer cover layer 24 may be bonded to one of the intermediate layers 26a, 26b at the respective channel 34. More particularly, the outer cover layer 24 may be welded directly to the second intermediate layer 26b at the channel terminus 65 of the respective channel 34 (<figref idref="f0006">FIGS. 11A-C</figref> and <figref idref="f0007">11E-G</figref>), such that the outer cover layer 24 extends through an entirety of the channel depth 67 at each of the channels 34.

0063The channel 34 may include an exterior indentation 82 and an interior indentation 84. The exterior indentation 82 has the terminus 65 that is radially-spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 by the channel depth 67.

0064The specific configuration of the channel 34 may vary considerably. Referring to <figref idref="f0006">FIGS. 11A - 11D</figref>, the exterior and interior indentations 82 and 84 may have a generally rounded configuration. As depicted in <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11A</figref> the interior and exterior indentations 82 and 84 extend to an approximate midpoint of a thickness 88 of the panel cross-section. In another configuration, as depicted in <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11B</figref>, the exterior indentation 82 extends through more of the thickness 88 of panel cross section than the interior indentation 84. In yet another configuration, as depicted in <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11C</figref>, the exterior indentation 82 extends through substantially all of the thickness 88 of panel cross-section. As also shown in <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11C</figref>, in some embodiments, the second intermediate layer 26b may have a substantially planar configuration opposite the exterior indentation 82. Said another way, in some embodiments, the channel 34 may have only an exterior indentation 82 and no interior indentation 84.

0065Referring to <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11D</figref>, indentations 82 and 84, as well as the outer cover layer 24 and the second intermediate layer 26b, may be spaced from each other, such that a portion of the first intermediate layer 26a extends between indentations 82 and 84 and between the outer cover layer 24 and the second intermediate layer 26b. In this configuration, the outer cover layer 24 is bonded to the first intermediate layer 26a at the channel 34. In such an example, the first intermediate layer 26a has a first thickness 90 between indentations 82 and 84 and at the terminus 65 of the exterior indentation 82. In the same example, the first intermediate layer 26a has a second thickness 92 between the outer cover layer 24 and the second intermediate layer 26b, in an area spaced apart from indentations 82 and 84 and the terminus 65 of the exterior indentation 82. As shown in <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 11D</figref>, the first thickness 90 is less than the second thickness 92.

0066Alternatively, the channels 34 may include an exterior indentation 82 and an interior indentation 84 that exhibit substantially squared configurations (<figref idref="f0007">FIGS. 11E-11G</figref>). For example, in some embodiments, the indentations 82, 84 may have substantially squared cross-sectional configurations. Such substantially squared cross-sectional configurations may have a more distinct appearance than indentations 82, 84 having substantially rounded cross-sectional configurations. In addition, substantially squared indentations 82, 84 may also provide performance benefits such as aerodynamics, ball feel, and water channeling.

0067As shown in <figref idref="f0007">FIGS. 11E-11F</figref>, the exterior indentation 82 and interior indentation 84 are two opposing indentations having substantially squared cross-sectional configurations. In <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11E</figref>, the indentations 82 and 84 extend to an approximate midpoint of the thickness 88 of the panel cross-section, such that the terminus 65 of the exterior indentation 82 is positioned radially inward from the outer cover layer surface 18 to the approximate midpoint of the thickness 88 of the panel cross-section.

0068In <figref idref="f0007">FIGS. 11F-11G</figref>, the exterior indentation 82 may extend through substantially the entirety of the thickness 88 of the panel cross section. As also shown in <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11F-11G</figref>, in some embodiments, second intermediate layer 26b may have a substantially planar configuration opposite the exterior indentation 82. Said another way, in some embodiments, the channel 34 may have only an exterior indentation 82 with no interior indentation 84.

0069As shown in <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11G</figref>, in one example embodiment, the channel 34 may include substantially-squared exterior indentation 82 having a rounded shoulder portion 81. In some embodiments, a substantially-squared shoulder portion 81 may have a minimal radius, as shown in <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11F</figref>. In another example embodiment, a rounded shoulder portion 81 having a larger radius may be used, as shown in <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 11G</figref>.

0070Referring to <figref idref="f0004">FIGS. 7E</figref> and <figref idref="f0005">10</figref> the plurality of surface features may further include a plurality of protrusions 58. The plurality of protrusions 58 may be disposed upon the outer cover layer surface 18. The protrusions 58 may form decorative or aesthetic arrangements or designs upon the outer cover layer surface 18 of the sports ball 10, display branding of the sports ball 10, via a logo contained therein, and may further be applied in such an orientation as to optimize grip at the point of contact with the user's hand and/or foot, or to improve aerodynamics during flight.

0071The protrusions 58 may be disposed on a small portion of the outer cover layer surface 18, on a single panel surface, on a select group of panel surfaces, or upon a majority of the outer cover layer surface 18 (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 7E</figref>).

0072Each of the protrusions 58 may be formed of a dimensional ink and extend from the outer cover layer surface 18. As shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIG. 10</figref>, each of the plurality of the protrusions 58 has a terminus 62 that is radially spaced apart from the outer cover layer surface 18 by a height 64 that is greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm). In such examples, it is beneficial for the height 64 to be at least 0.05 millimeters (mm) and less than 0.15 millimeters (mm) in order to enhance playability of the ball 10. As evaluated via qualitative assessment based on visual observations, protrusions 58 having heights 64 in the aforementioned range allow for visibility of the respective panel designs and an overall topographical arrangement of the sports ball 10, while also exhibiting a desired grip or contact between a user and/or player's hand or foot and the exterior surface 13 of the ball 10, all while still allowing the ball 10 to maintain desired aerodynamic and flight characteristics.

0073As shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIG. 8</figref>, the casing 12 may further include an external surface layer 25 disposed upon the outer cover layer surface 18. The external surface layer 25 may be a film that includes a pigment or a graphic thereon. The external surface layer 25 may also be an outer film or clear coat having weather resistant properties. The external surface layer 25 may be a polyurethane film or the like. The external surface layer 25 may be bonded to the outer cover layer surface 18 via a bonding material.

0074The detailed description and the drawings or figures are supportive and descriptive of the present teachings, but the scope of the present teachings is defined solely by the claims. While some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the present teachings have been described in detail, various alternative designs and embodiments exist for practicing the present invention which is defined in the appended claims.