Method and system for monitoring status and function of an object

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

0001The invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring state and operation of an object as set out in the preambles of the independent claims below. The invention particularly relates to a new way of monitoring an item of a care facility, such as a piece of furniture or a device.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

0002Monitoring devices based on monitoring the movement or location of an object have been developed for a long time. For example, patent publication <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US6819247B2"><text>US 6819247 B2</text></patcit> presents a portable patient monitoring and alarm device, which has a casing that can be attached to the patient, e.g. to her clothes. Inside the casing there are a processor, wireless transmitter, locating device, and a sensor. The sensor monitors movement, speed, acceleration or orientation of the device. After the sensor has measured a certain type of movement, the processor transmits a signal containing information about possible need for assistance and about the location of the device.

0003The applications of the prior art are often complex, expensive and difficult to use.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

0004It is an object of the present invention to reduce or even eliminate the abovementioned problems appearing in prior art.

0005It is an object of the present invention provide solutions for using opportunities offered by an accelerometer in simple, user friendly and efficient ways.

0006It is an object of the present invention to enhance the control and monitoring of items of a care facility.

0007It is an object of the present invention to provide for a new way of controlling risk of transmission of a disease, especially in care facilities such as hospitals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

0008Among others, in order to realize the objects mentioned above, method, system and other aspects according to the invention are characterized by what is presented in the enclosed independent claims.

0009The embodiments and advantages mentioned in this text relate, where applicable, as well to the method, system as to any other aspect of the invention, even though it is not always specifically mentioned.

0010In a typical method according to the invention for monitoring status and operation of an object, i.e. an item of a care facility, such as a piece of furniture or a device, a sensor device is used, which sensor device comprises an accelerometer, a radio transmitter, a micro controller and a power source that are functionally connected with each other. The sensor device may comprise a case, having a storage space where the above-mentioned parts of the sensor device are placed. The method comprises at least the following steps: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>producing acceleration signal with the accelerometer;</li><li>converting the acceleration signal into acceleration data;</li><li>controlling the radio transmitter with the microcontroller so that it transmits acceleration data to a receiver;</li><li>storing the acceleration data in a data storage, such as a database;</li><li>monitoring movement, speed, acceleration and/or orientation of the item on basis of the acceleration data;</li><li>analysing the data stored in the data storage algorithmically and deducing, i.e. drawing conclusions on basis of the analysis about what and/or where has occurred and/or will occur to the item being observed.</li></ul>

0011On basis of the analysis: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>alerting and/or notifying the item and/or a party supervising the item.</li></ul>

0012A typical system according to the invention for monitoring status and operation of an object, i.e. an item of a care facility, such as a piece of furniture or a device, comprises <ul id="ul0003" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>a sensor device, which comprises an accelerometer, a radio transmitter, a micro controller and a power source that are attachable or integrable to the monitored item and functionally connected with each other. The sensor device may comprise a case, having a storage space where the above-mentioned parts of the sensor device are placed. The accelerometer is arranged to produce an acceleration signal, which is converted into acceleration data. The microcontroller is arranged to control the radio transmitter. The radio transmitter is arranged to transmit acceleration data to a receiver;</li><li>a receiver for receiving and saving the acceleration data;</li><li>a data storage, such as the database, in which the acceleration data is stored;</li><li>an analysation module, which is arranged to monitor movement, speed, acceleration and/or orientation of the item on basis of the acceleration data, and to analyse the data stored in the data storage algorithmically, and to deduce, i.e. to draw conclusions, on basis of the analysis about what and/or where has occurred and/or will occur to the item being observed;</li><li>an execution module, which is arranged to perform on basis of the analysis at least the following operation: alerting and/or notifying the item and/or a party supervising the item.</li></ul>

0013The algorithmically performed analysing means computer analysis known as such, utilising e.g. mathematical functions, matrix calculus, neural networks and/or artificial intelligence.

0014The acceleration signal produced by the accelerometer may be, for example, analog or digital. The acceleration signal is transformed to or it transforms to acceleration data, e.g. when it is saved in a data storage, such as an electronic memory device or when it is analysed and otherwise processed.

0015According to the invention, the object to be monitored is an item of a care facility, such as a piece of furniture or a device. The care facility can be, for example, a hospital, a health care centre, a nursing home or a rehabilitation institution. A device to be monitored can be, for example, a mobility aid, an electronic device or an electronic medical treatment device. A monitored item can be e.g. a piece of furniture such as a bed, a table, a chair, or a device such as a mobility aid such as a wheelchair, rollator, walking aid, a crutch, or medical treatment device such as an IV stand, or electrical medical treatment device such as a defibrillator or a ventilator, or a medicine storage device such as a pill dispenser or a medicine jar. In an application, the invention is used to monitor or locate devices, furniture, and other items. For example, a particular item, or the nearest particular item, such as the nearest defibrillator, can be found quickly by means of the invention.

0016Particularly care facilities, such as hospitals, have a number of items, furniture and devices whose movement, speed, acceleration or orientation are of great importance, but whose monitoring considering these properties has not previously been satisfactorily arranged.

0017Examples of items for which it is important to know the movement, the speed of movement and/or the direction of movement are items whose location is of importance, e.g. items that are intended to be moved or immobile in normal use. The location of items or patients can be monitored with the location and movement data of objects transferred from one hospital room to another or from one ward to another, such as data terminals, beds or mobility aids such as rollators, walking sticks or wheelchairs. Movement data can be used to monitor a patient's treatment, for example, to accurately record trips, directions, and speeds of the patient on a rollator or wheelchair. Motion and direction data can be used to open and close doors and passageways in the right direction and at the right time, and to guide a patient or his or her escort in the right direction.

0018On the other hand, the invention can be used to warn of the movement of objects intended to be immobile, for example some treatment devices must remain in the same location and sometimes they are not even to be shaken.

0019Examples of objects for which acceleration data is important to know are devices and items that are easily damaged. It would be good to immediately notice any inappropriate, careless or too rough handling of many objects, especially medical treatment devices. In the past, it has not been possible to detect, e.g. a drop of a defibrillator on the floor or a shove of a ventilator. Now, this kind of events can be automatically logged into a system and they may be reported to the appropriate party, e.g. to the maintenance staff. A roughly handled device can be quickly inspected to ensure that it is in good working order.

0020It is important to know the location and/or movement of some items in relation to location and/or movement of some other thing, such as the patient. Items that each patient necessarily needs may be registered in the memory of the system. These can be, for example, medical care equipment required by the patient, such as health-sustaining equipment or medicines.

0021In an embodiment of the invention, when movement of a patient is observed to exceed certain limit values, e.g. when the patient rises from the bed or when she or he approaches the door, it is verified whether the patient is accompanied by items he or she needs. If the system detects that the patient is moving without an item she/he needs, the event is reported to the item, to the patient, to surroundings of the item and/or to a party supervising the item. For example, a sensor device according to the invention attached to a medicine jar and forgotten on a table may give an audio signal.

0022Sometimes it may be necessary to prevent items from locations and/or movement exceeding certain limit values. For example, if the system detects that movement of a monitored item exceeds certain limit values, it can check that the movement of the item is permitted. If it is noted that there is no authorisation for the movement, it is determined that unauthorized movement of the item has taken place, and the event is reported to the item, to surroundings of the item and/or to a party supervising the item. For example, if someone is trying to move without permission a piece of furniture or device, which is meant to be used only in a certain room or department, the staff can be informed of the event or specific doors or passageways may be closed and/or locked.

0023Examples of items, the orientation of which is important to know, are devices which work properly only when in a correct orientation and which are at risk of ending up in an incorrect orientation. These include e.g. various medical treatment devices such as IV stands and patient aids such as wheelchairs. Operation of many items may be possible but undesirable in a wrong orientation. For example, pieces of furniture may operate in any position as long as they are horizontal, but e.g. turning or moving beds or a ventilator out of their normal orientation is often highly undesirable. Now, an alarm can be sent of such an event even in real-time, for example to personnel.

0024In the past, it has not been realized that it would be advantageous to monitor the status and function of objects in a care facility with a simple sensor device of the invention, which has e.g. placed in a case and its storage space an accelerometer, a radio transmitter, a microcontroller and a power supply. The use of this sensor device, known per se, makes it possible for the first time to monitor the movement, speed, acceleration and/or orientation of an object. In addition, it is now possible on the basis of the collected data, to perform an analysis with artificial intelligence known per se, on the basis of which it can be deduced what and/or where has happened to the monitored object or its user, such as a patient, and, for the first time, what will happen to the object.

0025This ability to collect and analyse information enables the invention to be applied to, for example, issuing of alarms and notifications, management of doors and passageways, monitoring of status of items and the management of the risk of transmission of a disease.

0026For example, the acceleration data produced by the accelerometer and the signals from the radio transmitter can be used to detect the location and direction of movement of the objects in the care facility, to detect the falling of items or to be able to estimate their speed. For example, automatically opening doors can be programmed to open at the right time using the information provided by the invention. For the first time, the right doors can now be opened and locked at just the right moment and in the direction of movement permitted or predicted for the object.

0027With the invention, the possibilities of managing the risk of transmission of a disease are unprecedentedly effective.

0028The alarm that can be issued to an item, a patient and/or a party supervising the item can be e.g. a light or sound signal given to the vicinity of the object or an alarm issued to personnel.

0029The notification, which may be issued to an item, a patient and/or a party supervising the item can be the sending of acceleration data, or other data, or location of an item, collected according to the invention.

0030In one embodiment of the invention an alarm and/or notification is not issued on basis of an analysis to an object and/or a party monitoring the object. In one embodiment of the invention, at least one or more of the following operations are performed: <ul id="ul0004" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>issuing an alarm and/or on a notification to an item and/or to a party supervising the item;</li><li>opening, closing and/or locking a door or other passageways in the vicinity of the item;</li><li>recording in a data storage, such as a database, operations performed by or on the item and/or events that have occurred to the item and/or its location at any given time.</li></ul>

0031The invention allows monitoring of movement, speed, acceleration or orientation of an item, piece of furniture or device, i.e. of the monitored object. The invention enables the performing of necessary measures or, e.g. the collecting of information about the object automatically and in a form that is easy to process numerically. By monitoring an item, information about a patient can also be obtained. In this way, large amounts of e.g. patient data are automatically saved and obtained for further processing. A prompt and automatic alarm can be issued about a fallen or escaping patient or a reminder of a need to turn a patient to reduce bed sores may be sent to staff of a hospital or other care facility or to relatives of the patient.

0032The invention enables an easy following of care guidelines and easy maintenance of a patient care register. With the invention it is easy to register, for example, how many times and when the patient has been washed, visited the bathroom, the canteen or the outside. The invention makes it easy e.g. to monitor how often and when a patient has turned or has been turned. One can track how much, where and when the patient has moved and been, walked, stood, sat or slept.

0033In one embodiment of the invention, the components of the sensor device, or at least a part of them, are integrated in the item to be monitored. For example, the sensor device may be integrated into a piece of furniture or into a treatment device. In an embodiment the sensor device is integrated into an electronic device, such as an electronic medical treatment device, such as a defibrillator or a ventilator. In one embodiment the integration is complete in such a way that one cannot notice during normal use of an item, piece of furniture or device that it comprises the sensor device.

0034Certain parts of the invention, such as the analysation module and the execution module, are typically at least partially implemented and executed as a program code. Features and elements of the invention implemented as program code include a software maintained in computer memory and arranged to be executed thereon. The software comprises program code elements arranged to perform the necessary functions and steps of the invention. Computers, software, data storages such as databases, sensors, radio transmitters and receivers, data transmission means between parts of the invention, the use of artificial intelligence and other parts of the invention are known per se and their operation will not be described in more detail in this connection.

0035Microcontroller means an integrated circuit, which typically comprises at least one processor and usually at least some memory. Microcontrollers are known per se, and their structure and operation will not be discussed in more detail here.

0036In one embodiment of the invention, the data storage is at least partially in the sensor device, in connection with its microcontroller, for example in the memory of the microcontroller. In one embodiment, at least part of the acceleration data stored in the data storage is analysed algorithmically the processor of the microcontroller. Data sent to the receiver with the radio transmitter can then also comprise results of the analysis made with the microcontroller. In one embodiment of the invention, the data storage is entirely in the sensor device, in connection with the microcontroller, for example in the memory of the microcontroller. In one application, the analysis of the acceleration data stored in the data storage is performed entirely with the processor of the microcontroller. Analysis by the microcontroller enables faster and distributed analysis of acceleration data.

0037The electronic devices used in the invention, such as computers, processors, data storages and software, may also be located elsewhere than in the sensor device according to the invention. Acceleration data or part thereof or other data can be transmitted via the receiver to elsewhere, e.g. for saving or for further analysis.

0038In one embodiment of the invention a sensor device according to the invention gathering information about movement of an object is attached to the object, i.e. to the the monitored item. Typically, a sensor device comprises a three-axis accelerometer, a microcontroller and a radio transmitter such as a Bluetooth transmitter or BLE transmitter (Bluetooth Low Energy). The software of the microcontroller enables monitoring of the movements of the object and the analysis of the acceleration data and wireless transmission of the acceleration data or the results of the analysis to the receiver. In one embodiment, one part of the acceleration data is analysed in the microcontroller and one part is transmitter elsewhere to be analysed, e.g. for a more detailed analysis. The sensor device also has a power supply, e.g. an accumulator or a battery. The sensor device reacts to movement of the monitored item, caused by a patient or another monitored object. The sensor device may analyse the collected data itself and send the analysis results to the receiver for further processing. The sensor device can transmit to a receiver e.g. real-time acceleration data, such as e.g. movement data and orientation data of a wheelchair of a patient. The sensor device or e.g. the receiver can store acceleration data or analysis results in a data storage. Artificial intelligence or other software analyses the data and creates on basis of what it learns an analysis, e.g. a forecast of the status of the object or the patient using it. This information can be used, for example, to guide care staff.

0039In addition to the acceleration data the sensor device may observe other things and send the other information it has collected and/or analysed via its transmitter to a receiver, and thereby for processing, e.g. for storing, analysing, or for other possible measures. The sensor device may e.g. comprise a temperature sensor and measure temperature of a device, a piece of furniture, a patient or the surroundings with the temperature sensor. The sensor device can measure its location e.g. with a satellite positioning device. The sensor device may comprise, for collecting information, e.g. a microphone, a camera and/or a moisture sensor.

0040The sensor device may be provided with a communication means, such as a loudspeaker or an indicator light, for transmitting messages to the monitored object and its surroundings, for example to the user of an item. The sensor device may be provided with a button, such as a physical button e.g. to execute a patient call, or another means of communication, such as a microphone or a camera, to send a message from the object to a party monitoring it. Other possible means of interaction are, for example, a switch, an indicator light, a display device. In the eyes of its user, the sensor device can be very simple, even without any buttons, switches, indicator lights or other visible interaction means.

0041In one embodiment of the invention, all objects, patients and/or items in a certain area, e.g. in an area of risk of transmission of a disease, can be found quickly by means of the invention. The previous locations of patients and items that pose a risk of transmission can be easily determined. It is easy to monitor which of the patients and items that have been in the area of risk of transmission have already been treated or disinfected and which have not.

0042In an embodiment of the invention, when an area of risk of transmission of a disease has been defined, the past and present locations of the items causing a risk of transmission are determined using information previously collected and to be collected into a data storage. In an embodiment, it is monitored which of the items that have been in the area of risk of transmission of a disease have already been treated or disinfected and which have not. In an application, an alarm or notification is issued about objects that have been in the area of risk of transmission of a disease. For example, an audio or light signal may be activated in items that have been in the area of risk of transmission.

0043A method and system according to the invention can be used e.g. to find objects, patients and/or items causing a risk of transmission of a disease, to determine past locations of patients or items and/or to monitor which of the patients and/or items that have been in the area of risk of transmission have already been treated or disinfected and which have not.

0044In an embodiment of the invention, the location of an object is reported to the object and/or the party monitoring the object. Location data can be used in many ways. In one embodiment, the invention is used to locate a patient or another object.

0045In an embodiment of the invention, when it is found that an object is at a particular location, moving to a particular location and/or in a particular direction or at a certain speed, then one or more of locks and/or doors or other passageways in the vicinity of the object or in the direction of movement of the object are opened and/or closed. For example, in a hospital or other care facility, one or more doors may be opened, closed, or locked automatically depending on the location or the estimated or known route of an object, device, piece of furniture, or patient.

0046The system according to the invention can issue an alarm when an object, a device, a piece of furniture or a patient leaves a certain area. The location and route of an object can always be known e.g. during treatments, e.g. when moving from tests to further tests.

0047In an embodiment of the invention, the sensor device used for transmitting, recording or analysing acceleration data or results of analysis performed with the microcontroller only when the accelerometer produces a signal. This avoids unnecessary transmission of messages and conserves the power source.

0048In an embodiment of the invention, it is determined that something is wrong in at least one of the following situations: <ul id="ul0005" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>An item used by a patient or the patient has first moved faster than a certain limit value, and then does not move or moves less than a certain limit value. This may indicate a fall.</li><li>An item used by a patient or the patient has not moved for a certain period of time. The patient's condition should be checked.</li><li>Orientation of an item used by a patient or orientation of the patient has not changed sufficiently over a certain period of time. The patient's condition should be checked. It may be necessary to turn and move the patient periodically, for example to avoid bed sores.</li></ul>

0049Various assumptions about the status of an item and the patient using the item may be deduced from acceleration vectors produced by movement of the item. These may include e.g. immobility of the patient, falling down of the patient, restlessness of the patient or that the patient is in pain. This status information of the object may be shown e.g. to the care staff or to relatives, even in real time.

0050By using several receivers in various locations, the location of the object can be calculated by means of triangulation on the basis of signals received by the receivers. Of course, the sensor device can also monitor its position in other ways, for example by means of satellite positioning.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

0051The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the enclosed schematic drawing, in which <dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>Figure 1</dt><dd>shows a patient in a bed,</dd><dt>Figure 2</dt><dd>shows a patient in a bed and a display device for care staff,</dd><dt>Figure 3</dt><dd>shows several patients in their beds and a display device for care staff,</dd><dt>Figure 4</dt><dd>shows several patients, nurses and a display device for care staff,</dd><dt>Figure 5</dt><dd>shows a patient and an IV stand,</dd><dt>Figure 6</dt><dd>shows a patient leaving his room,</dd><dt>Figure 7</dt><dd>shows a plan for a care facility, and</dd><dt>Figure 8</dt><dd>shows how to assemble a sensor device according to the invention in three stages.</dd></dl>

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES OF THE FIGURES

0052For the sake of clarity, in different figures and embodiments same reference numerals are used for some parts corresponding to each other.

0053<figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> shows a patient 21 in a hospital bed 22. Adjacent to the bed are an IV stand 23 and a table 24. Sensor devices 20 according to the invention are attached or integrated into the bed 22, the IV stand 23 and the table 24. A sensor device 20 of the invention is also attached to the patient's collar with a needle, Velcro strap or other suitable fastener. One sensor device 20 according to the invention is attached to the wrist of the patient 21.

0054<figref idref="f0001">Figure 2</figref> shows the patient of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> and schematically beside him his identification code (Patient ID) #01234, with which he is distinguished from other patients in the hospital. In addition, the figure shows a display device 31 of the care staff. The display device shows motion or health information 32 of the patient, which information is collected e.g. with the sensor devices 20 according to the invention.

0055All of the sensor devices 20 of the invention or items to which they are attached, have unique identifiers of their own corresponding to the patient identification code. The sensor devices 20 transmit their own identifiers with their data, and the data storage of the system retains information on where each sensor device 20 is attached. In other words, the system is able to associate each identifier with a certain item or patient. In this way, the status and movement of each item and patient can be monitored separately.

0056<figref idref="f0002">Figure 3</figref> shows several patients in their beds and a display device 31 of the care staff. The display device 31 depicts patients or hospital items with emojis 33 depicting the state of the patient or items in his room. At positions of unproblematic patients and items a smiling emoji is shown. In the situation of the Figure, the system according to the invention has found that statuses of two of the patients 21 or their items are having some kinds of problems. On the display device 31 emojis of different degrees of sadness are shown at their positions.

0057<figref idref="f0002">Figure 4</figref> shows the patients of <figref idref="f0002">Figure 3</figref>, but now the nurses 34 have arrived to check up on the problematic patients.

0058<figref idref="f0003">Figure 5</figref> shows how base stations 35 can be used to determine the location of a patient 21 by triangulation using a radio signal transmitted by sensor devices 20 according to the invention attached to him or to the objects used by him. Similarly, the location of items such as an IV stand or receivers 35 can be determined.

0059<figref idref="f0003">Figure 6</figref> shows a patient 21 leaving his room. A sensor device 20 according to the invention is on the collar of the patient. An IV stand 23 and a medicine jar 27 also have the sensor devices 20 of the invention, so also the movement and location of them can be monitored. Likewise, the door 25 has sensor device 20 according to the invention, whereby the movement and orientation of the door can be monitored with a system according to the invention. The patient has come close to door 25 and he has moved it. The system detects the movement and location of the door 25, the IV stand 23 and the patient 21. The system can check, even before the patient 21 has opened the door 25, that the patient 21 has the right to leave the room with his IV stand 23. If the system detects that the patient has this right, the system can automatically open a door lock 26. The system can also check whether the patient, when moving in his room and/or when leaving the room, has with him all the necessary items e.g. health-supporting equipment such as IV stand 23 or medicines 27. If the system notices that there is no permission to leave the room or that the patient does not have a necessary item with him, it can e.g. issue an alarm to the personnel, lock the door, give an audio signal.

0060<figref idref="f0004">Figure 7</figref> shows a plan of a care facility, and it marked on it three patients whose position can be monitored e.g. with sensor devices 20 according to the invention attached to the clothes of the patient or to items used by him, such as an IV stand, a wheelchair or crutches. Patient #01234 is approaching an area forbidden of him, marked with dashed lines 41. A warning is sent to the staff about the situation. The system could also close and lock doors that the patient is not allowed to pass through. Patient #01235 is in the shower, which the system records in his patient records. Patient #01236 is in a bathroom, which the system records in his patient records.

0061<figref idref="f0004">Figure 8</figref> shows a sensor device 20 according to the invention and its plastic housing or case 14 in parts and the assembly of the parts in three stages. The case 14 consists of two end components 4 of the same shape and one middle component 5. A storage space 10 of the middle component forms in the finished case 14 a storage space 10' with the height of one component 5. The storage space 10 is closed on its edges in every direction. In the situation of the middle figure electrical components have been placed in storage space 10, i.e. a circuit board 16 which has a microcontroller 17, an accelerometer 18 and an accumulator or battery 19 and a radio transmitter (not shown in the figure) attached onto it. As one can see in the figure, the inner edge 8 of storage space 10 is formed to be fitted with the circuit board. In the right-hand-side figure the case 14, i.e. an electrical device 20, is shown assembled. Because case 14 comprises end components 4 without openings and a middle component 5 with its edge 5 closed in every direction, the case can be closed, i.e. the components attached to each other, e.g. with double-sided tape, or adhesive, very tightly.

0062The invention can be used to detect and record improper and/or rough behaviour and handling of devices, furniture, other items and patients. When it is found that an accelerometer of one of the sensor devices 20 according to the invention produces a value of the acceleration data exceeding a certain limit value, it can be established that improper or rough handling has taken place. The event can then be immediately reported to the item, to the patient, to the surroundings of the item or the patient and/or to the party monitoring the item or the patient. For example, if a defibrillator is bumped too hard, can a sensor device 20 according the invention, which is attached to the device, give an audio signal and thus warn its user. If an object such as a mobility aid is monitored with sensor device 20 attached to it, and it is noted, e.g. that a rollator or a wheelchair turns and moves with a considerable speed and zigzags or falls down, can an alarm be sent to staff. If the system detects an item with an alarm on and a patient moving at the same pace and/or in the same location, it can be deduced that the patient is moving with the item.

0063The invention can be used to confine infectious diseases. If e.g. the patient (Patient ID: # 01234) adventuring in <figref idref="f0001">Figures 1</figref>, <figref idref="f0002">3</figref>, <figref idref="f0003">6</figref> and <figref idref="f0004">7</figref> were to be determined as a carrier of an infectious disease, could the system quickly provide for information about his routes and items he has used and movements of these items inside the hospital during a certain period of time. These routes and items and other people and items that have been in contact with them would now be easy to identify and find and direct towards further measures, e.g. to be disinfected.

0064The invention is not intended to be limited to the examples given, but the scope of the invention is determined by the independent claims. The dependent claims present some preferred embodiments of the invention.