Method for authenticating an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent, and system comprising an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent

TECHNICAL FIELD

Disclosed herein are a method for authenticating an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent, and a system comprising an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent.

BACKGROUND

In vitro diagnostic testing has a major effect on clinical decisions, providing physicians with pivotal information. Particularly there is great emphasis on providing quick and accurate test results in critical care settings. In vitro diagnostic testing is usually performed using instruments operable to execute one or more processing steps /workflow steps on one or more biological samples and/or one or more reagents, such as pre-analytical instruments, post-analytical instruments and also analytical instruments.

Analytical instruments / analyzers are configured to obtain a measurement value. An analyzer is operable to determine via various chemical, biological, physical, optical or other technical procedures a parameter value of the sample or a component thereof. An analyzer may be operable to measure said parameter of the sample or of at least one analyte and return the obtained measurement value. The list of possible analysis results returned by the analyzer comprises, without limitation, concentrations of the analyte in the sample, a digital (yes or no) result indicating the existence of the analyte in the sample (corresponding to a concentration above the detection level), optical parameters, DNA or RNA sequences, data obtained from mass spectroscopy of proteins or metabolites and physical or chemical parameters of various types. An analytical instrument may comprise units assisting with the pipetting, dosing, and mixing of samples and/or reagents. The analyzer may comprise a reagent holding unit for holding reagents to perform the assays. Reagents may be arranged for example in the form of containers or cassettes containing individual reagents or group of reagents, placed in appropriate receptacles or positions within a storage compartment or conveyor. It may comprise a consumable feeding unit. The analyzer may comprise a process and detection system whose workflow is optimized for certain types of analysis. Examples of such analyzer are clinical chemistry analyzers, coagulation chemistry analyzers, immunochemistry analyzers, urine analyzers, nucleic acid analyzers, used to detect the result of chemical or biological reactions or to monitor the progress of chemical or biological reactions.

Such instruments need to be registered to build up a trust relationship to electronic devices for safe communication purposes therewith. For example, such instruments need to be registered to build up a trust relationship to remote electronic devices from the manufacturer of the instruments in order to properly operate. Such remote electronic devices are devices which are spatially separated from the instrument. The instrument and the remote electronic device may communicate with each other such as by means of a wireless LAN connection. The trust relationship may also be built up to other local electronic devices, e.g., data management systems of laboratory automation systems on the same LAN connection. For this purpose, current instruments provide for a user to enter a PIN on the device. However, a significant number of instruments does not have a possibility such as a keyboard to enter numbers and/or characters.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the disclosed method and system aim to provide a possibility to build up a trust relationship to an electronic device, particularly to a remote electronic device from a manufacturer of the instrument, independent on whether the instrument provides a device for entering numbers and/or characters.

Disclosed herein are a method for authenticating an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent, and a system comprising an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent that allow the instrument to be registered for proper operation thereof and particularly to communicate with each other in an encrypted manner.

Embodiments of the disclosed method for authenticating an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent, and system comprising an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent have the features of the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention, which may be realized in an isolated way or in any arbitrary combination, are disclosed in the dependent claims.

As used in the following, the terms "have", "comprise" or "include" or any arbitrary grammatical variations thereof are used in a non-exclusive way. Thus, these terms may both refer to a situation in which, besides the feature introduced by these terms, no further features are present in the entity described in this context and to a situation in which one or more further features are present. As an example, the expressions "A has B", "A comprises B" and "A includes B" may both refer to a situation in which, besides B, no other element is present in A (i.e. a situation in which A solely and exclusively consists of B) and to a situation in which, besides B, one or more further elements are present in entity A, such as element C, elements C and D or even further elements.

Further, it shall be noted that the terms "at least one", "one or more" or similar expressions indicating that a feature or element may be present once or more than once typically will be used only once when introducing the respective feature or element. In the following, in most cases, when referring to the respective feature or element, the expressions "at least one" or "one or more" will not be repeated, non-withstanding the fact that the respective feature or element may be present once or more than once.

Further, as used in the following, the terms "particularly", "more particularly", "specifically", "more specifically" or similar terms are used in conjunction with additional / alternative features, without restricting alternative possibilities. Thus, features introduced by these terms are additional / alternative features and are not intended to restrict the scope of the claims in any way. The invention may, as the skilled person will recognize, be performed by using alternative features. Similarly, features introduced by "in an embodiment of the invention" or similar expressions are intended to be additional / alternative features, without any restriction regarding alternative embodiments of the invention, without any restrictions regarding the scope of the invention and without any restriction regarding the possibility of combining the features introduced in such way with other additional / alternative or non-additional / alternative features of the invention.

According to the disclosed computer implemented method for authenticating an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent, the method comprises: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>generating a PIN code by the instrument;</li><li>registering the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument in in a database of an electronic device such as a remote electronic device;</li><li>verifying the PIN code and identification data at the electronic device;</li><li>transmitting an authentication certificate to the instrument if the PIN code and identification data correspond to target data stored in the database;</li><li>installing the authentication certificate on the instrument, whereby the instrument is registered with the electronic device; and</li><li>using the authentication certificate for an encrypted communication between the instrument and the electronic device.</li></ul>

Thus, the disclosed method allows to establish encrypted communication between an instrument and an electronic device such as a remote electronic device even though the instrument does not provide for a possibility to enter anything.

The term "instrument" as used herein refers to any apparatus or apparatus component operable to execute one or more processing steps / workflow steps on one or more biological samples and/or one or more reagents. The expression 'processing steps' thereby refers to physically executed processing steps such as centrifugation, aliquotation, sample analysis and the like. The term 'instrument' covers pre-analytical instruments, post-analytical instruments and also analytical instruments. Thus, the term "instrument" is used synonymous with the term "laboratory instrument".

The term 'analyzer' / 'analytical instrument' as used herein encompasses any apparatus or apparatus component configured to obtain a measurement value. An analyzer is operable to determine via various chemical, biological, physical, optical or other technical procedures a parameter value of the sample or a component thereof. An analyzer may be operable to measure said parameter of the sample or of at least one analyte and return the obtained measurement value. The list of possible analysis results returned by the analyzer comprises, without limitation, concentrations of the analyte in the sample, a digital (yes or no) result indicating the existence of the analyte in the sample (corresponding to a concentration above the detection level), optical parameters, DNA or RNA sequences, data obtained from mass spectroscopy of proteins or metabolites and physical or chemical parameters of various types. An analytical instrument may comprise units assisting with the pipetting, dosing, and mixing of samples and/or reagents. The analyzer may comprise a reagent holding unit for holding reagents to perform the assays. Needless to say, the analyzer may comprise a hand-held device for holding the reagents. Reagents may be arranged for example in the form of containers or cassettes containing individual reagents or group of reagents, placed in appropriate receptacles or positions within a storage compartment or conveyor. It may comprise a consumable feeding unit. The analyzer may comprise a process and detection system whose workflow is optimized for certain types of analysis. Examples of such analyzer are clinical chemistry analyzers, coagulation chemistry analyzers, immunochemistry analyzers, urine analyzers, nucleic acid analyzers, used to detect the result of chemical or biological reactions or to monitor the progress of chemical or biological reactions.

The term "authentication certificate" as used herein refers to a digital set of data confirming predetermined characteristics of an object. The authenticity and integrity thereof may be verified by cryptographic methods. The authentication certificate includes the data necessary for its verification. The authentication certificate is generated by an official certification authority. For example, the authentication certificate may be a so-called public key certificate. Such a certificate includes information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct.

The method may further comprise generating a certificate signing request, sending the certificate signing request to a certificate authority connected to the electronic device, signing the certificate signing request by the certificate authority, generating the authentication certificate and sending the authentication certificate to the instrument. Thus, the verification and transmittal of the authentication certificate is facilitated. It is to be noted that the certificate signing request includes the public key generated on the instrument, such as the analyzer, requiring the registration. The key-pair comprising private key and public key is generated prior to sending the certificate signing request and the public key is included in the certificate signing request, wherein the private key stays on the instrument.

The method may further comprise encrypting the certificate signing request, sending the encrypted certificate signing request to the electronic device, decrypting the certificate signing request before signing the certificate signing request, encrypting the authentication certificate, sending the encrypted authentication certificate to the instrument, and decrypting the authentication certificate by the instrument. Thus, the safety of the data exchange is increased. It is to be noted that the PIN may be used for encryption and/or decryption. Alternatively, the regular process provides that a certificate on the instrument installed there during the production will be used in the encryption process and the PIN will be encrypted.

The method may further comprise decrypting the certificate signing request by the electronic device, and sending the certificate signing request decrypted by the electronic device to the certificate authority. Thus, a safe transmission of the request to the electronic device is ensured.

The method may further comprise encrypting the authentication certificate with itself and a previous authentication certificate of the instrument. Thus, a reliable encryption of the request is provided.

Installing the authentication certificate on the instrument may include replacing the previous authentication certificate of the instrument. Thus, the authentication certificate is updated which ensures a renewal of the encrypted communication between the instrument and the electronic device.

The method may further comprise encrypting the certificate signing request with at least the previous authentication certificate. Thus, a safe transmission of the request is provided which decreases the risk of any fraud requests.

The PIN code and identification data may be entered by means of an input device separate from the instrument and the electronic device. Thus, the instrument does not need to provide a possibility for entering data necessary for the registration but the registration process may be carried out with any external input device.

The input device may be connected to the electronic device by means of an online connection. Thus, fast communication between the input device and the electronic device is provided.

For example, the input device may be a portal of the electronic device. Thus, a convenient possibility for entering for entering data necessary for the registration is provided.

The method may further comprise connecting the instrument to the electronic device by means of an online connection, and transmitting the authentication certificate to the instrument via the online connection. Thus, a convenient possibility for an exchange of data between these devices is provided.

The method may further comprise displaying the generated PIN on a display of the instrument. Thus, an user of the instrument gets information necessary for safe login to the instrument and registration of the instrument.

The identification data include a model and/or serial number of the instrument. Thus, the authenticity of the instrument may be unambiguously verified.

According to the system disclosed, the system comprises an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent and a electronic device, wherein the system is configured to carry out each step of a method as described above.

The instrument may be configured to generate a PIN code, wherein the electronic device comprises a database, wherein the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument are enterable in the database, wherein the electronic device is configured to verify the PIN code and identification data and to transmit an authentication certificate to the instrument if the PIN code and identification data correspond to target data stored in the database, wherein the authentication certificate is configured to be installed on the instrument and wherein the authentication certificate is configured to be used for encrypted communication between the instrument and the electronic device.

Thus, the disclosed system allows to establish encrypted communication between an instrument and an electronic device even though the instrument does not provide for a possibility to enter anything.

The system may further comprise an input device separate from the instrument and the , wherein the PIN code and identification data are enterable by means of the input device. Thus, the system allows to enter the PIN code and the identification independent on whether the instrument has a possibility to do so or not.

The instrument may be connected to the electronic device by means of an online connection, wherein the authentication certificate is transmittable to the instrument via the online connection. Thus, a convenient connection between the instrument and the electronic device is provided.

The instrument may comprises a display, wherein the display is configured to display the generated PIN. Thus, a user of the instrument gets information necessary for safe login to the instrument and registration of the instrument.

The identification data include a model and/or serial number of the instrument. Thus, the authenticity of the instrument may be unambiguously verified.

The invention further discloses and proposes a computer program including computer-executable instructions for performing the method according to the disclosed method / system in one or more of the embodiments enclosed herein when the program is executed on a computer or computer network. Specifically, the computer program may be stored on a computer-readable data carrier. Thus, specifically, one, more than one or even all of the method steps as indicated above may be performed by using a computer or a computer network, in particular by using a computer program.

The invention further discloses and proposes a computer program product having program code means, in order to perform the method according to the disclosed method / system in one or more of the embodiments enclosed herein when the program is executed on a computer or computer network. Specifically, the program code means may be stored on a computer-readable data carrier.

Further, the invention discloses and proposes a data carrier having a data structure stored thereon, which, after loading into a computer or computer network, such as into a working memory or main memory of the computer or computer network, may execute the method according to one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein.

The invention further proposes and discloses a computer program product with program code means stored on a machine-readable carrier, in order to perform the method according to one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein, when the program is executed on a computer or computer network. As used herein, a computer program product refers to the program as a tradable product. The product may generally exist in an arbitrary format, such as in a paper format, or on a computer-readable data carrier. Specifically, the computer program product may be distributed over a data network.

Finally, the invention proposes and discloses a modulated data signal which contains instructions readable by a computer system or computer network, for performing the method according to one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein.

Referring to the computer-implemented aspects of the invention, one or more of the method steps or even all of the method steps of the method according to one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed by using a computer or computer network. Thus, generally, any of the method steps including provision and/or manipulation of data may be performed by using a computer or computer network. Generally, these method steps may include any of the method steps, typically except for method steps requiring manual work, such as providing the samples and/or certain aspects of performing the actual measurements.

Specifically, the disclosed method / system further discloses: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>A computer or computer network comprising at least one processor, wherein the processor is adapted to perform the method according to one of the embodiments described in this description,</li><li>a computer loadable data structure that is adapted to perform the method according to one of the embodiments described in this description while the data structure is being executed on a computer,</li><li>a computer program, wherein the computer program is adapted to perform the method according to one of the embodiments described in this description while the program is being executed on a computer,</li><li>a computer program comprising program means for performing the method according to one of the embodiments described in this description while the computer program is being executed on a computer or on a computer network,</li><li>a computer program comprising program means according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the program means are stored on a storage medium readable to a computer,</li><li>a storage medium, wherein a data structure is stored on the storage medium and wherein the data structure is adapted to perform the method according to one of the embodiments described in this description after having been loaded into a main and/or working storage of a computer or of a computer network, and</li><li>a computer program product having program code means, wherein the program code means can be stored or are stored on a storage medium, for performing the method according to one of the embodiments described in this description, if the program code means are executed on a computer or on a computer network.</li></ul>

Summarizing the findings of the disclosed method / system, the following embodiments are disclosed: <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none"><li>Embodiment 1: Computer implemented method for authenticating an instrument for processing a biological sample or reagent, comprising: <ul id="ul0004" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>generating a PIN code by the instrument;</li><li>registering the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument in in a database of an electronic device;</li><li>verifying the PIN code and identification data at the electronic device;</li><li>transmitting an authentication certificate to the instrument if the PIN code and identification data correspond to target data stored in the database;</li><li>installing the authentication certificate on the instrument, whereby the instrument is registered with the electronic device; and</li><li>using the authentication certificate for an encrypted communication between the instrument and the electronic device.</li></ul></li><li>Embodiment 2: Method according to embodiment 1, further comprising generating a certificate signing request, sending the certificate signing request to a certificate authority connected to the electronic device, signing the certificate signing request by the certificate authority, generating the authentication certificate and sending the authentication certificate to the instrument.</li><li>Embodiment 3: Method according to embodiment 2, further comprising encrypting the certificate signing request, sending the encrypted certificate signing request to the electronic device, decrypting the certificate signing request before signing the certificate signing request, encrypting the authentication certificate, sending the encrypted authentication certificate to the instrument, and decrypting the authentication certificate by the instrument.</li><li>Embodiment 4: Method according to embodiment 3, further comprising decrypting the certificate signing request by the electronic device, and sending the certificate signing request decrypted by the electronic device to the certificate authority.</li><li>Embodiment 5: Method according to embodiment 3 or 4, further comprising encrypting the authentication certificate with itself and a previous authentication certificate of the instrument.</li><li>Embodiment 6: Method according to embodiment 5, wherein installing the authentication certificate on the instrument includes replacing the previous authentication certificate of the instrument.</li><li>Embodiment 7: Method according to any one of embodiments 3 to 6, further comprising encrypting the certificate signing request with at least the previous authentication certificate.</li><li>Embodiment 8: Method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the PIN code and identification data are entered by means of an input device separate from the instrument and the electronic device.</li><li>Embodiment 9: Method according to embodiment 8, wherein the input device is connected to the electronic device by means of an online connection.</li><li>Embodiment 10: Method according to embodiment 8 or 9, wherein the input device is a portal of the electronic device.</li><li>Embodiment 11: Method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, further comprising connecting the instrument to the electronic device by means of an online connection, and transmitting the authentication certificate to the instrument via the online connection.</li><li>Embodiment 12: Method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, further comprising displaying the generated PIN on a display of the instrument.</li><li>Embodiment 13: Method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the identification data include a model and/or serial number of the instrument.</li><li>Embodiment 14: System comprising an instrument for processing a sample or reagent and a electronic device, wherein the system is configured to carry out each step of a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13.</li><li>Embodiment 15: System according to embodiment 14, wherein the instrument is configured to generate a PIN code, wherein the electronic device comprises a database, wherein the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument are enterable in the database, wherein the electronic device is configured to verify the PIN code and identification data and to transmit an authentication certificate to the instrument if the PIN code and identification data correspond to target data stored in the database, wherein the authentication certificate is configured to be installed on the instrument and wherein the authentication certificate is configured to be used for encrypted communication between the instrument and the electronic device.</li><li>Embodiment 16: System according to embodiment 15, further comprising an input device separate from the instrument and the electronic device, wherein the PIN code and identification data are enterable by means of the input device.</li><li>Embodiment 17: System according to embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the instrument is connected to the electronic device by means of an online connection, wherein the authentication certificate is transmittable to the instrument via the online connection.</li><li>Embodiment 18: System according to any one of embodiments 15 to 17, wherein the instrument comprises a display, wherein the display is configured to display the generated PIN.</li><li>Embodiment 19: System according to any one of embodiments 15 to 18, wherein the identification data include a model and/or serial number of the instrument.</li></ul>

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Further features and embodiments of the invention will be disclosed in more detail in the subsequent description, particularly in conjunction with the dependent claims. Therein the respective features may be realized in an isolated fashion as well as in any arbitrary feasible combination, as a skilled person will realize. The embodiments are schematically depicted in the figures. Therein, identical reference numbers in these figures refer to identical elements or functionally identical elements.

In the figure: <dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>Figure 1</dt><dd>shows a schematic view of a system.</dd></dl>

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

<figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> shows a schematic view of a system 100. The system 100 comprises an instrument 102 for processing a biological sample or reagent and an electronic device 104 such as a remote electronic device. The instrument 102 comprises a computing device 106. The computing device 106 is configured to control units (not shown in detail) assisting with workflows to be carried out by the instrument 102. The instrument 102 comprises a display 108. The instrument 102 does not have a keyboard or any other interface allowing input of numbers and/or chapters into the computing device 106. Thus, the instrument 102 is configured to display information by means of the display 108 but does not allow an user thereof to input any instructions, control orders, numbers, chapters or the like.

The electronic device 104 may be a service center or credential management service center of a manufacturer of the instrument 102. The instrument 102 is connected to the electronic device 104 by means on an online connection 110. The electronic device 104 comprises a database 112. The system 100 further comprises an input device 114 separate from the instrument 102 and the electronic device 104. The input device 114 is configured to allow input into the database 112. The input device 114 is a portal of the electronic device 104 such as a website. The input device 114 comprises a keyboard, touchscreen or any other interface for allowing entering of data in the database 112. The input device 114 may be a computing device such as a PC, laptop, notebook or the like.

For a proper operation of the instrument 102, it is necessary to authenticate the instrument 102. For this purpose, the system 100 provides for at least the following configuration. The instrument 102 is configured to generate a PIN code. More particularly, the display 108 is configured to display the generated PIN. The PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument 102 are enterable in the database 112 by means of the input device 114. The identification data include a model of the instrument 102. Alternatively or in addition, the identification data include a serial number of the instrument 102. The electronic device 104 is configured to verify the PIN code and identification data and to transmit an authentication certificate to the instrument 102 via the online connection 110 if the PIN code and identification data correspond to target data stored in the database 112. The authentication certificate is configured to be installed on the instrument 102. The authentication certificate is configured to be used for encrypted communication between the instrument 102 and the electronic device 104.

Hereinafter, a method for authenticating the instrument 102 will be described in further detail. A user of the instrument 102 switches the instrument 102 on. The instrument 102 generates a PIN code and displays the same on the display 108. The user starts to login to the database 112 by means of login information. The login information is forwarded to the user of the instrument 102 beforehand. The login information may be forwarded by means of an electronic message such as an e-mail, SMS or the like. After login, the user enters the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument 102 in the database 112 by means of the input device 114. Thereafter, the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument 102 are verified at the electronic device 104. If the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument 102 correspond to target data stored in the database 112, an authentication certificate is transmitted to the instrument 102 via the online connection 110.

The verification of the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument 102 and the transmittal of the authentication certificate may be carried out as follows. A certificate signing request is generated by the instrument 102. The certificate signing request is encrypted with at least a previous authentication certificate of the instrument 102 which may be pre-installed such as when the instrument 102 is sold. In this case the certificate signing request includes also the encrypted PIN. As an alternative the PIN may be used directly for encryption. The encrypted certificate signing request is sent to the electronic device 104. The electronic device 104 decrypts the certificate signing request and sends the certificate signing request decrypted by the electronic device 104 to a certificate authority 116 connected to the electronic device 104. The certificate authority 116 may be operated by the manufacturer of the instrument 102 or by another provider. The certificate authority 116 signs the certificate signing request. Thus, the certificate signing request is decrypted before being signed by the certificate authority 116. Then an authentication certificate is generated by the certificate authority 116 and sent to the electronic device 104. The authentication certificate is encrypted by the electronic device 104. Particularly, the authentication certificate is encrypted with itself and/or the previous authentication certificate of the instrument 102. Both are valid encryption procedures, the first one with the public key included in the certificate signing request and the second one with the previous certificate, wherein both encryptions may be applied together. The encrypted authentication certificate is then sent to the instrument 102. The authentication certificate is decrypted by the instrument 102. Particularly, as the instrument still comprises the previous authentication certificate, it may decrypt the authentication certificate. If the newly generated public key would be used for encryption by the electronic device 104, then the instrument 102 would use the private key for decryption. Subsequently, the authentication certificate is installed on the instrument 102, whereby the instrument 102 is registered with the electronic device 104. Installing the authentication certificate includes replacing the previous authentication certificate of the instrument 102. After being installed, the authentication certificate is used for an encrypted communication between the instrument 102 and the electronic device 104. Thus, the instrument 102 may properly operate and receive full support from the electronic device 104.

It is to be noted that if the user of the instrument 102 does not have access to the input device 114, the user may contact a service center of the electronic device 104 where a supporter may enter the PIN code and the identification data on the user's behalf. The remaining method may be carried out as described above.

Further aspects of the disclosure are: <ol id="ol0001" ol-style=""><li>1. System 100, wherein the instrument 102 is configured to generate a PIN code, wherein the electronic device 104 comprises a database 112, wherein the PIN code and identification data associated with the instrument 102 are enterable in the database 112, wherein the electronic device 104 is configured to verify the PIN code and identification data and to transmit an authentication certificate to the instrument 102 if the PIN code and identification data correspond to target data stored in the database 112, wherein the authentication certificate is configured to be installed on the instrument 102 and wherein the authentication certificate is configured to be used for encrypted communication between the instrument 102 and the electronic device 104.</li><li>2. System 100 according to aspect 1, further comprising an input device 114 separate from the instrument 102 and the electronic device 104, wherein the PIN code and identification data are enterable by means of the input device 114.</li><li>3. System 100 according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the instrument 102 is connected to the electronic device 104 by means of an online connection 110, wherein the authentication certificate is transmittable to the instrument 102 via the online connection 110.</li><li>4. System 100 according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the instrument 102 comprises a display 108, wherein the display 108 is configured to display the generated PIN.</li><li>5. System 100 according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the identification data include a model and/or serial number of the instrument 102.</li></ol>

List of reference numbers

<dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>100</dt><dd>system</dd><dt>102</dt><dd>instrument</dd><dt>104</dt><dd>electronic device</dd><dt>106</dt><dd>computing device</dd><dt>108</dt><dd>display</dd><dt>110</dt><dd>online connection</dd><dt>112</dt><dd>database</dd><dt>114</dt><dd>input device</dd><dt>116</dt><dd>certificate authority</dd></dl>