Method for the preparation of functionalised thermoplastic elastomers
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12 claims: 3 independent, 9 dependent
- 1Verfahren zur Herstellung funktionalisierter thermoplastischer Elastomere auf Basis von Pfropfsubstraten, ausgewählt unter - Olefin-Blockcopolymeren der Zusammensetzung 80 bis 98 Masse-% Ethylen-/2 bis 20 Masse-% C 3 - bis C 12 -Olefineinheiten oder - teilkristallinen Propylen/Ethylen- und/oder C 4 - bis C 12 -Olefin- und/oder C 4 -bis C 12 -Dien-Copolymeren der Zusammensetzung 50 bis 98 Masse-% Propylen-/2 bis 50 Masse-% C 2 - und/oder C 4 - bis C 12 -Olefin- und/oder C 4 -bis C 12 -Dieneinheiten oder - vernetzten Styrol/Olefin/Styrol- oder Styrol/Olefin-Blockcopolymeren, bei dem in einem Fluidmischreaktor, das heißt in einem temperierbaren Mischer für feinkörnige Stoffe, der ein frei fließendes Pulverbett gewährleistet, auf 100 Masseteile partikuläres Pfropfsubstrat - 0,1 bis 15 Masseteile mindestens eines Funktionsmonomers aus der Reihe der funktionelle Gruppen enthaltenden α,β-ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen oder 0,1 bis 15 Masseteile einer mindestens eines dieser Funktionsmonomere enthaltenden Monomermischung sowie - 0,01 bis 10 Masseteile mindestens eines freie Radikale bildenden Initiators mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) zwischen 50 und 200 °C hinzugefügt und bei Reaktionstemperaturen zwischen 40 °C und der Schmelz- oder Erweichungstemperatur des Pfropfsubstrates über eine Reaktionszeit zwischen 10 und 200 min in fest-fluider Phase polymerisiert werden, wobei durch eine solche Festphasenfunktionalisierung ein gepfropftes Funktionsmonomer besitzendes Pfropfprodukt entsteht, das als Einsatzkomponente zur Weiterverarbeitung verwendet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Weiterverarbeitung des Pfropfproduktes - 100 Masseteile Festphasenpfropfprodukt, dem zwischen 0,1 und 60 Masseteile mindestens eines Funktionsmonomers oder einer mindestens ein Funktionsmonomer enthaltenden Monomermischung sowie zwischen 0,01 und 20 Masseteile mindestens eines freie Radikale bildenden Initiators mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) zwischen 80 und 240 °C eingemischt worden sind, zusammen mit 100 bis 4000 Masseteilen eines unmodifizierten olefinischen Elastomers über Dosiervorrichtungen in den Einzugsbereich eines Extruders kontinuierlich zugeführt werden, - bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Schmelz- oder Erweichungspunktes des olefinischen Elastomers die reaktive Extrusion durchgeführt und - am Reaktorende ein funktionalisiertes Elastomer kontinuierlich ausgetragen wird.
- 2Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Festphasenfunktionalisierung von 100 Masseteilen partikulärem Pfropfsubstrat mittels 0,5 bis 15 Masseteilen mindestens eines Funktionsmonomers oder einer mindestens ein Funktionsmonomer enthaltenden Monomermischung sowie 0,05 bis 10 Masseteilen mindestens eines freie Radikale bildenden Initiators mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) zwischen 50 und 200 °C bei Reaktionstemperaturen zwischen 50 °C und der Schmelz- oder Erweichungstemperatur des Pfropfsubstrates über eine Reaktionszeit zwischen 10 und 100 min erfolgt und anschließend ein einen Anteil zwischen 0,1 und 10 Masse-% gepfropftes Funktionsmonomer besitzendes Pfropfprodukt als Einsatzkomponente verwendet wird, indem 100 Masseteile Festphasenpfropfprodukt, dem zwischen 0,5 und 50 Masseteile mindestens eines Funktionsmonomers oder mindestens einer ein Funktionsmonomer enthaltenden Monomermischung sowie zwischen 0,02 und 15 Masseteile mindestens eines freie Radikale bildenden Initiators mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) zwischen 80 und 240 °C eingemischt worden sind, zusammen mit 200 bis 2000 Masseteilen eines unmodifizierten olefinischen Elastomers über Dosiervorrichtungen in den Einzug eines Reaktionsextruders kontinuierlich zugeführt werden, bei Temperaturen zwischen 160 und 300 °C die reaktive Extrusion durchgeführt und am Reaktorende ein Elastomer kontinuierlich ausgetragen wird.
- 3Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Funktionsmonomere Carboxylgruppen enthaltende α,β-ethylenisch ungesättigte Verbindungen und/oder die unter ihren Anhydriden und/oder Mono- oder Diestern und/oder Mono- oder Diamiden ausgewählten Derivate verwendet werden.
- 4Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsmonomere α,β-ethylenisch ungesättigte Verbindungen sind, die als funktionelle Gruppen Hydroxyl-, Epoxy-, Amino-, Imido- oder Silangruppen enthalten.
- 5Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Funktionsmonomere Maleinsäureanhydrid (MSA) und/oder Acrylsäure (AS) allein oder als Mischung mit einem Comonomer aus der Gruppe der Vinylaromaten verwendet werden.
- 6Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Funktionsmonomere die C 1 - bis C 12 -Alkylester der Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure allein oder als Mischung mit einem Comonomer aus der Gruppe der Vinylaromaten verwendet werden.
- 7Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Zusammensetzungen von 99 bis 20 Masse-% Funktionsmonomer und 1 bis 80 Masse-% Comonomer eingesetzt werden.
- 8Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die radikalisch initiierte Pfropfung unter Verwendung eines Radikalbildners oder einer aus mindestens zwei verschiedenen Radikalbildnern bestehenden Mischung unter Verwendung organischer Peroxide mit 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) zwischen 50 und 200 °C oder 1-Minute-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1min ) zwischen 85 und 250 °C in einer auf die gesamte Pfropfsubstratmenge bezogenen Konzentration zwischen 0,001 und 5 Masse-% durchgeführt wird.
- 9Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Radikalbildner Dialkylperoxydicarbonate mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) zwischen 60 und 70 °C, Diauroylperoxid (DLPO) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 80 °C, Dibenzoylperoxid (DBPO) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 91 °C, tert.-Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoat (TBPEH) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 91 °C, tert.-Butylperoxy-isobutyrat (TBPIB) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 98 °C, 1,1-Di-(tert.-butylperoxy)-cyclohexan (DTBPC) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 113 °C, tert.-Butylperbenzoat (TBPB) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 122 °C, Dicumylperoxid (DCP) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 132 °C, 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert.-butylperoxy)-hexan (DHBP) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 134 °C, 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert.-butylperoxy)hexin-(3) (DYBP) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 141 °C, Di-tert.-butylperoxid (TBP) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 141 °C, Cumolhydroperoxid (CHP) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 166 °C und tert.-Butyl-hydroperoxid (TBHP) mit einer 1-Stunde-Halbwertzeittemperatur (T HWZ/1h ) von 185 °C verwendbar sind.
- 10Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem funktionalisierten olefinischen Elastomer mindestens ein Additiv, ausgewählt unter Antioxidantien und/oder Verarbeitungsstabilisatoren, Füll-, Verstärkungs-, Flammschutz- und Gleitmitteln sowie Extenderölen in den für die jeweiligen Zusätze üblichen Konzentrationen, und mindestens eine Polymer- und/oder Elastomerkomponente mit einem auf die gesamte elastomere Formmasse bezogenen Anteil von 1 bis 90 Masse-% hinzugefügt werden.
- 11Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Verarbeitungsstabilisatoren primäre Antioxidantien auf Basis sterisch gehinderter Phenolverbindungen, mit einem auf 100 Masseteile funktionalisiertes elastomeres Olefincopolymer oder Olefinblockcopolymer bezogenen Anteil von 0,01 bis 5 Masseteilen hinzugefügt werden.
- 12Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verarbeitungsstabilisatoren in Form einer Kombination aus jeweils mindestens einem primären und mindestens einem sekundären Antioxydans verwendet werden.
Independent claims12
63 paragraphs in 1 section, as filed
0001The invention relates to a method for producing functionalized thermoplastic elastomers based on graft substrates, selected from<ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>Olefin block copolymers of the composition 80 to 98% by weight of ethylene / 2 to 20% by weight of C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin units or</li><li>partially crystalline propylene / ethylene and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin- and / or C<sub>4</sub>-to C<sub>12</sub>- Diene copolymers of the composition 50 to 98% by weight propylene / 2 to 50% by weight C<sub>2</sub>- and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>- olefin and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Control units or</li><li>crosslinked styrene / olefin / styrene or styrene / olefin block copolymers.</li></ul>
0002Carboxylated olefin polymers based on polyethylenes of different densities (LDPE, MDPE, HDPE), ethylene / α, β-ethylenically unsaturated C are used for numerous applications, in particular as compatibility or adhesion promoters (adhesives)<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin copolymers (LLDPE, POE) or propylene homo- (HPP) and C<sub>2</sub>- and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>- Statistical (random) and heterophaseous units containing olefin units <i>(impact)</i> Propylene copolymers (RCP, HCP), ethylene / propylene copolymers (EPM) or ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers (EPDM). The polymers mentioned are generally by means of reactive extrusion at high temperatures (150 to 300 ° C) by grafting an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride, in particular methacrylic acid, fumaric acid and preferably maleic anhydride (MA), on the olefinic Backbone polymer produced in the presence of a free radical forming peroxidic initiator.
0003The prior art described above can be found, inter alia, in <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="WO9118053A1"><text>WO 91/18053 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US4174358A"><text>U.S. 4,174,358 A</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US4537929A"><text>U.S. 4,537,929 A</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="US4684576A"><text>U.S. 4,684,576 A</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US4751270A"><text>U.S. 4,751,270 A</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="US4927888A"><text>U.S. 4,927,888 A</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="EP0266221B1"><text>EP 0 266 221 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="EP0287140B1"><text>EP 0 287 140 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="EP0403109A2"><text>EP 0 403 109 A2</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="EP0467178B1"><text>EP 0 467 178 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="EP0581360B1"><text>EP 0 581 360 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="EP0696303B1"><text>EP 0 696 303 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="EP0878510B1"><text>EP 0 878 510 B1</text></patcit>, the <patcit id="pcit0014" dnum="US6884850B2"><text>US 6,884,850 B2</text></patcit><b>,</b> the <patcit id="pcit0015" dnum="US20060211825A1"><text>US 2006/0211825 A1 </text></patcit>as well as the <patcit id="pcit0016" dnum="WO20080797784A2"><text>WO 2008/079784 A2</text></patcit>.
0004In the same way, the corresponding functionalized olefin polymers are obtained by grafting α, β-ethylenically unsaturated hydroxyl, epoxy, amino, imido, silane group-containing and other functional group-containing compounds.
0005Increasingly, highly effective uncrosslinked olefinic elastomers or predominantly isotactic propylene sequences and approximately 8 to 32 mol% ethylene units containing random copolymers are used as backbone polymers for functionalization by grafting functional group-containing monomers ( Functional monomers). The uncrosslinked olefinic elastomers include, in particular, ethylene-α-olefin block copolymers, for example the Infuse ™ types from the Dow Chemical Company. Examples of the random copolymers containing approximately 8 to 32 mol% of ethylene units are those in the publications<patcit id="pcit0017" dnum="US6884850B2"><text>US 6,884,850 B2</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0018" dnum="US20050176888A1"><text>US 2005/0176888 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0019" dnum="US20060199930A1"><text>US 2006/0199930 A1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0020" dnum="US20060211825A1"><text>US 2006/0211825 A1 </text></patcit>Vistamaxx ™ grades described by ExxonMobil Chemical Company or the Versify ™ grades from Dow and Notio ™ grades. The named types of ethylene-α-olefin block copolymers and random copolymers from Dow Chemical Company are in the publications<patcit id="pcit0021" dnum="US20060199914A1"><text>US 2006/0199914 A1</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0022" dnum="WO2006102016A2"><text>WO 2006/102016 A2 </text></patcit>and <patcit id="pcit0023" dnum="WO2008080111A1"><text>WO 2008/080111 A1 </text></patcit>described. The functional groups used include, inter alia, carboxyl or anhydride groups, but also hydroxyl or epoxy, amino, imido or silane groups. As monomers having functional groups, α, β-ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides (carboxyl monomers), for example maleic anhydride, are particularly frequently used.
0006The at low reaction temperatures, This means that the graft carboxylation or graft malination carried out in a solvent below the melting or softening point of the olefinic backbone polymer (graft substrate) is not economical due to the technologically very complex polymer dissolution and above all due to the solvent separation and solvent recovery required after the graft reaction has taken place, as well as the necessary graft product purification Alternative to melt grafting of acid (anhydride) or other functional monomers on graft substrates consisting predominantly of olefinic units. In contrast, the functionalization of olefin polymers carried out in the solid-fluid polymer phase, in particular a carboxylation or maleination, is based on an economical technology carried out below the melting or softening temperature of the graft substrate. This is from the pamphlets<patcit id="pcit0024" dnum="DD275160A3"><text>DD 275 160 A3</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0025" dnum="DD275161A3"><text>DD 275 161 A3</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0026" dnum="DD300977A7"><text>DD 300 977 A7</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0027" dnum="DE4123972A1"><text>DE 41 23 972 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0028" dnum="DE4342605A1"><text>DE 43 42 605 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0029" dnum="EP0469693B1"><text>EP 0 469 693 B1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0030" dnum="EP0370753B1"><text>EP 0 370 753 B1</text></patcit> known.
0007Suitable backbone polymers for this graft functionalization carried out in the solid phase <i>(solid state grafting)</i> are semicrystalline olefin polymers which enable high diffusion rates for low molecular weight compounds in the amorphous phase that forms between their glass point and melting point, the low molecular weight compounds including unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides. High diffusion rates for low molecular weight compounds are one of the prerequisites for high graft polymerization rates.
0008Amorphous and low-crystalline olefin elastomers with a special morphology, in particular styrene / selectively hydrogenated diene / (styrene) multiblock copolymers containing elastomeric olefin segments, can also be used as polymer backbones for free radical solid-phase graft modification under certain polymerization conditions, see publications <patcit id="pcit0031" dnum="EP0642538B1"><text>EP 0 642 538 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0032" dnum="EP0805827B1"><text>EP 0 805 827 B1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0033" dnum="WO2004048426A2"><text>WO 2004/048426 A2</text></patcit><b>,</b> but without achieving the properties required for use as highly effective adhesives, including adhesion promoters for demanding metal / plastic and other multilayer composites.
0009In addition to carboxylated or maleated polyethylenes with high density, with the abbreviation HDPE, or carboxylated branched polyethylenes with low density, with the abbreviation LDPE, the frequently used adhesion promoters include, above all, carboxylated linear ethylene copolymers with low density, Furthermore, random propylene / ethylene copolymers consisting predominantly of propylene units and, last but not least, also styrene / selectively hydrogenated diene segment / styrene or styrene / selectively hydrogenated diene segment block copolymers containing "elastomeric" olefin units, with the abbreviation TPE-S, which, for the purpose of their carboxylation, in particular maleinization, mostly produced by melt-grafting, as in the publications, among others <patcit id="pcit0034" dnum="US5346963A"><text>U.S. 5,346,963 A</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0035" dnum="US6384139B1"><text>US 6,384,139 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0036" dnum="US6331592B1"><text>US 6,331,592 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0037" dnum="US6884850B2"><text>US 6,884,850 B2</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0038" dnum="DE19841303A1"><text>DE 198 41 303 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0039" dnum="WO0192357A1"><text>WO 01/92357 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0040" dnum="WO9842760A1"><text>WO 98/42760 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0041" dnum="EP0659784B1"><text>EP 0 659 784 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0042" dnum="US4578829A"><text>U.S. 4,578,829 A</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0043" dnum="EP0173380A1"><text>EP 0 173 380 A1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0044" dnum="EP0085115B1"><text>EP 0 085 115 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0045" dnum="EP0371001B1"><text>EP 0 371 001 B1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0046" dnum="EP0642538B1"><text>EP 0 642 538 B1</text></patcit> and as an adhesive for various applications, such as from the publications <patcit id="pcit0047" dnum="EP0696303B1"><text>EP 0 696 303 B1</text></patcit><b>,</b><patcit id="pcit0048" dnum="EP0754731B1"><text>EP 0 754 731 B1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0049" dnum="EP0878510B1"><text>EP 0 878 510 B1</text></patcit> known can be used. The carboxylated linear ethylene copolymers either have a low C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin comonomer content below 15% by mass, i.e. LLDPE, or a higher C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin comonomer content above 15% by mass, denoted by the abbreviation POE. Carboxylated linear ethylene copolymers include, for example, special ethylene / octene (C<sub>8</sub>) Copolymers, with the abbreviation EOC.
0010In addition, adhesive resin compositions using mixtures of a crystalline polyolefin, for example HDPE or LLDPE, and an amorphous or slightly crystalline olefin copolymer, for example ethylene / propylene rubber with the abbreviation EPM, are known, as described in the publication <patcit id="pcit0050" dnum="EP0501762B1"><text>EP 0 501 762 B1</text></patcit> is described.
0011A disadvantage of the known melt-grafted olefinic thermoplastic elastomers is their low proportions of bound functional groups. There is a low proportion of grafted functional monomers, that is to say a low degree of functionalization. Another disadvantage is the technically / technologically and cost-intensive measures for removing the high residual monomer fractions from the melt.
0012From the <patcit id="pcit0051" dnum="DE19914146A1"><text>DE 199 14 146 A1</text></patcit> discloses a process for the production of functionalized polypropylenes by means of a free radical graft reaction of low molecular weight compounds containing functional groups with polypropylene under solid phase reaction conditions. In this process, compounds containing functional groups are grafted onto polypropylene with continuous supply of the reaction components and with continuous discharge of the reaction product in the temperature range between 80 and 160.degree. The process is used, among other things, to improve the adhesion of polypropylene to mineral reinforcement materials.
0013The <patcit id="pcit0052" dnum="DE102007030801A1"><text>DE 10 2007 030 801 A1 </text></patcit>describes thermoplastically processable carboxylated styrene-olefin block copolymer / polyolefin compositions with a melt volume rate of MVR (230 ° C./5 kg) between 1 and 300 cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min and a proportion of grafted α, β-olefinically unsaturated mono- and / or dicarboxylic acid and / or its anhydride between 0.3 and 5% by mass, based on the total polymer mass. The thermoplastically processable carboxylated styrene-olefin block copolymer / polyolefin compositions can be used as adhesion promoters in coatings on different surfaces, in laminates and composites.
0014In the <patcit id="pcit0053" dnum="DE19607430C1"><text>DE 196 07 430 C1</text></patcit> describes a continuous process for modifying polyolefins in the solid phase. The modified polyolefins, for example styrene-modified polypropylene, can be produced by a continuous process in which sorption of unsaturated monomers and thermally decomposing radical formers from the gas phase takes place through polyolefin particles, and in which the polyolefin particles, in which the thermally decomposing radical formers and unsaturated monomers are sorbed are exposed to a high frequency field with a frequency of 2.4 to 2.5 GHz. The modified polyolefins are suitable for the production of films, sheets, coatings, pipes, hollow bodies, foams and molded materials.
0015From the <patcit id="pcit0054" dnum="WO2009033465A2"><text>WO 2009/033465 A2 </text></patcit>a process for producing carboxylated ethylene polymer blends is known. In a first stage, 0.05 to 15 parts by mass of an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and / or dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid are added to 100 parts by mass of an ethylene polymer selected from ethylene homo- and / or linear ethylene copolymers. their anhydride or a monomer mixture containing at least one carboxyl monomer and 0.01 to 10 parts by weight of a free radical initiator mixture are added and graft-polymerized at reaction temperatures between 30 and 120 ° C. for a reaction time between 5 and 120 min. In a second stage, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of the modified ethylene polymer obtained in the first solid phase stage, 150 to 4000 parts by mass of an ethylene polymer or polymer blend and 150 to 4000 parts by mass of an olefinic elastomer is continuously fed to a reactive extruder, reacted at temperatures between 160 and 260 ° C. and the graft-modified ethylene polymer blend, which has a degree of carboxylation between 0.05 and 1% by mass, is continuously discharged. These products obtained on the basis of ethylene homopolymers and / or linear ethylene copolymers are intended, among other things, as adhesion promoters.
0016The object of the present invention is to provide an adhesion promoter based on the functionalization of chemically resistant ethylene / α, β-ethylenically unsaturated C, while avoiding the disadvantages described above<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin (diene) elastomers or propylene / C<sub>2</sub>- and / or α, β-ethylenically unsaturated C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Oleefin (diene) elastomers and cross-linked styrene / olefin / styrene or styrene / olefin block copolymers (TPES-V), in particular cross-linked styrene-ethene / butene-styrene or styrene-ethene / (ethene) / propene-styrene Block copolymers to provide.
0017The object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to claim 1. The present invention thus provides a method for producing functionalized thermoplastic elastomers based on graft substrates. The graft substrates are selected from<ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>Olefin block copolymers of the composition 80 to 98% by weight of ethylene / 2 to 20% by weight of C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin units or</li><li>partially crystalline propylene / ethylene and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin- and / or C<sub>4</sub>-to C<sub>12</sub>- Diene copolymers of the composition 50 to 98% by weight propylene / 2 to 50% by weight C<sub>2</sub>- and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>- olefin and / or C<sub>4</sub>-to C<sub>12</sub>-Control units or</li><li>crosslinked styrene / olefin / styrene or styrene / olefin block copolymers, in particular styrene-ethene / butene-styrene or styrene-ethene / (ethene) / propene-styrene block copolymers.</li></ul>
0018According to the invention, in the method in a fluid mixing reactor, that is to say in a temperature-controlled mixer for fine-grained substances, which ensures a free-flowing powder bed, particulate graft substrate per 100 parts by weight<ul id="ul0003" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>0.1 to 15 parts by mass of at least one functional monomer from the series of functional group-containing α, β-ethytenically unsaturated compounds or 0.1 to 15 parts by mass (MT) of a monomer mixture containing at least one of these functional monomers and</li><li>0.01 to 10 parts by mass of at least one free radical initiator with a 1 hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) between 50 and 200 ° C and polymerized at reaction temperatures between 40 ° C and the melting or softening temperature of the graft substrate for a reaction time between 10 and 200 min in the solid-fluid phase, with such a solid-phase functionalization a grafted functional monomer-owning graft product is formed, which as Insert component is used for further processing.</li></ul>
0019During further processing of the graft product, which advantageously contains between 0.05 and 12% by mass of grafted functional monomer, 100 parts by mass of the solid-phase graft product, between 0.1 and 60 parts by mass of at least one functional monomer or 0.1 and 60 parts by mass of at least one functional monomer containing monomer mixture and between 0.01 and 20 parts by mass of at least one free radical initiator with a 1-hour half-life temperature T<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub> between 80 and 240 ° C have been mixed in, together with 100 to 4000 parts by weight of an unmodified olefinic elastomer continuously fed into the feed area of an extruder via metering devices. The reactive extrusion is carried out at temperatures above the melting or softening point of the olefinic elastomer. At the end of the reactor, a functionalized elastomer, advantageously with a degree of functionalization between 0.1 and 5% by mass, is continuously discharged.
0020The process variant has been found to be a special embodiment of the invention, according to which the solid phase functionalization of 100 parts by mass of particulate graft substrate by means of 0.5 to 15 parts by mass of at least one functional monomer or 0.5 to 15 parts by mass of a monomer mixture containing at least one functional monomer and 0.05 to 10 parts by mass at least one initiator which forms free radicals and has a 1-hour half-life temperature T<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub> between 50 and 200 ° C at reaction temperatures between 50 ° C and the melting or softening temperature of the graft substrate takes place over a reaction time between 10 and 100 min and then a graft product with a proportion of between 0.1 and 10% by mass of grafted functional monomer is used as the starting component becomes. 100 parts by mass of solid phase graft product, between 0.5 and 50 parts by mass of at least one functional monomer or 0.5 to 50 parts by mass of at least one monomer mixture containing one functional monomer and between 0.02 and 15 parts by mass of at least one free radical initiator with a 1-hour Half-life temperature T<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub> between 80 and 240 ° C have been mixed in, together with 200 to 2000 parts by weight of an unmodified olefinic elastomer, preferably the graft substrate used for the solid phase functionalization, fed continuously via metering devices into the intake of a reactive extruder. The reactive extrusion is carried out at temperatures between 160 and 300 ° C. At the end of the reactor, an elastomer, advantageously with a degree of functionalization between 0.2 and 4% by mass, is continuously discharged.
0021Preferred functional monomers used are α, β-ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing carboxyl groups and / or the derivatives selected from their anhydrides, mono- or diesters or mono- or diamides. However, the functional monomers can also advantageously be selected from α, β-ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing hydroxyl, epoxy, amino, imido, silane or other functional groups.
0022Of the monomers containing carboxyl and anhydride groups, the so-called carboxyl monomers, which can be used as functionalizing agents, maleic anhydride (MA) and / or acrylic acid (AS) are particularly preferred. They are used alone or as a mixture with a comonomer from the group of vinyl aromatics, preferably styrene. Further compounds preferably used as functional monomers are C.<sub>1</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, preferably methyl or ethyl or butyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, which are also used either alone or as a mixture with a comonomer from the group of vinyl aromatics, preferably styrene.
0023According to one embodiment of the process variant described above, compositions of 99 to 20% by mass of functional monomer and 1 to 80% by mass of comonomer are used, preferably 95 to 50% by mass of maleic anhydride (MA) and / or acrylic acid (AS) and 5 to 50% by mass -% styrene.
0024In order to achieve sufficient degrees of functionalization and uniform grafting, the radical initiated grafting is advantageously carried out using a radical generator or, if necessary, a mixture consisting of at least two different radical generators using organic peroxides with 1-hour half-life temperatures (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) between 50 and 200 ° C or 1-minute half-life temperatures (T.<sub>Half-life / 1min</sub>) between 85 and 250 ° C, measured in 0.1 molar monochlorobenzene solution, in a concentration based on the total amount of graft substrate between 0.001 and 5% by mass, preferably between 0.02 and 2% by mass, carried out.
0025Selected examples of usable radical formers are dialkyl peroxydicarbonates with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) between 60 and 70 ° C, such as dibutyl peroxydicarbonate (DBPOC) and dicetyl peroxydicarbonate (DCPOC) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 65 ° C, diauroyl peroxide (DLPO) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 80 ° C, dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 91 ° C, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (TBPEH) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 91 ° C, tert-butyl peroxy-isobutyrate (TBPIB) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 98 ° C, 1,1-di- (tert-butylperoxy) -cyclohexane (DTBPC) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 113 ° C, tert-butyl perbenzoate (TBPB) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 122 ° C, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 132 ° C, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) -hexane (DHBP) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 134 ° C, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexyne- (3) (DYBP) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 141 ° C, di-tert-butyl peroxide (TBP) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 141 ° C, cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 166 ° C and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) with a 1-hour half-life temperature (T.<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub>) of 185 ° C.
0026Taking into account the specific use, the olefinic elastomer functionalized according to the invention in the first stage can, prior to further processing, contain at least one additive selected from the known antioxidants and / or processing stabilizers, known fillers, reinforcing agents, flame retardants and lubricants, extender oils and other additives the usual concentrations for the respective additives, and at least one polymer and / or elastomer component with a proportion based on the total elastomeric molding compound of 1 to 90% by mass are added.
0027The use of processing stabilizers is particularly advantageous, with primary antioxidants based on sterically hindered phenolic compounds, with a proportion of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of functionalized elastomeric olefin copolymer or olefin block copolymer, being added . Processing stabilizers are often also used in the form of a combination of at least one primary and at least one secondary antioxidant, preferably blends consisting of 20 to 67% by mass of a sterically hindered phenol and 80 to 33% by mass of a phosphite compound.
0028Particularly suitable primary antioxidants are the types IRGANOX® 1010 (pentaerythrityl-tetrakis- [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]), IRGANOX® 1330, IRGANOX ® 1425 WL and IRGANOX®3114 as well as synergistic IRGANOX® blends of 20 to 50% by mass of one of these primary antioxidants and 50 to 80% by mass of the secondary antioxidant IRGAFOS® 168 (tris- (2,4-di-tert-butyl -phenyl) phosphite), such as the type IRGANOX® B561 offered from 20% by mass of IRGANOX® 1010 and 80% by mass of IRGAFOS® 168, for example.
0029The functionalized thermoplastic elastomers according to the invention with a degree of functionalization between 0.1 and 5% by mass, preferably a degree of carboxylation between 0.2 and 4% by mass, can be used as adhesion promoters and / or adhesives for various substrates or multilayer composites, preferably on and between plastic - and / or metallic surfaces.
0030Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments.
0031In the exemplary embodiments, the abbreviation MT is used for the unit mass parts. The unit mass per hour is consequently given the abbreviation MT / h.
Solid phase grafting
Example 1:
0032In a temperature-controlled fluid mixing reactor from Reimelt Henschel equipped with a continuously variable stirrer, 100 MT of powdered ethylene / α-olefin block coelastomer of the Infuse D 9007.15 type with a density of 0.866 g / cm 2 are converted<sup>3</sup>, a melt flow rate (MFR) (190 ° C / 2.16 kg) of 0.5 g / 10 min, a Shore A hardness of 64 and an average particle diameter of 0.36 mm, hereinafter referred to as OBC-0.5 , together with 1 MT dilauroyl peroxide, hereinafter referred to by the abbreviation DLPO, and 2.8 MT maleic anhydride, hereinafter abbreviated to MSA, presented at an internal reactor temperature of 20 ° C. The reaction mixture is then dispersed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a stirring speed of 650 revolutions per minute [rpm] with a simultaneous increase in temperature at a heating rate of 2 ° C./min<sub>R1</sub> of 90 ° C over a time t<sub>R1</sub> from 60 min to T<sub>R1</sub> held.
0033The solid phase reaction is ended by draining the reaction product into the cooling mixer, which has a temperature of 20 ° C., from which it is used for determining the in <b>Table 1</b> specified characteristic values is taken.
Examples 2 to 13:
0034In the following examples, the term melt flow rate is abbreviated to MFR and the term volume melt rate is abbreviated to MVR.
0035In accordance with the process control described in Example 1, further graft-functionalized olefin copolymers or olefin block copolymers are produced using the following components:<ul id="ul0004" list-style="none"><li>Particulate elastomeric graft substrates:<ul id="ul0005" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><i>Infuse D 9007.15:</i> Density = 0.866 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, MFR (190 ° C / 2.16 kg) = 0.5 g / 10 min, Shore A = 64, following designation OBC-0.5,</li><li><i>Infuse D 9817.15:</i> Density = 0.877 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, MFR (190 ° C / 2.16 kg) = 15 g / 10 min, Shore A = 75, following designation OBC-15,</li><li><i>Versify 4000.01:</i> Density = 0.888 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, MFR (230 ° C / 2.16) = 25 g / 10 min, Shore A: 96</li><li><i>Notio PN-3560:</i> Density = 0.866 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, MFR (230 ° C / 2.16 kg) = 6 g / 10 min, Shore A: 70</li><li><i>Septon V 9461:</i> Density 0.863 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, MVR (320 ° C / 21.6 kg) = 7.2 cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min</li><li><i>Septon V 9461 compound (on 100 MT Septon V 100 MT process oil and 27 MT PP):</i> MFR (230 ° C / 10 kg) = 7 g / 10 min, Shore A hardness = 61;</li></ul>All graft substrates mentioned, with the designation <i>Infuse</i> belong to the group of olefin block copolymers (OBC) with the composition 80 to 98% by mass of ethylene / 2 to 20% by mass of C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin units. The OBC are generally materials that are characterized by alternating HDPE and POE blocks. All graft substrates mentioned with the designations<i>Versify</i> and <i>Notio</i> belong to the group of partially crystalline propylene / ethylene and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin- and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>Diene copolymers of the composition 50 to 98% by weight propylene / 2 to 50% by weight C<sub>2</sub>- and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin- and / or C<sub>4</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Control units. All graft substrates mentioned with the designation<i>Septon</i> belong to the group of crosslinked styrene / olefin / styrene or styrene / olefin block copolymers.</li><li>Graft Monomers: Maleic anhydride with the abbreviation MSA and acrylic acid with the abbreviation AS, hydroxyethyl acrylate with the abbreviation HEA, methyl methacrylate with the abbreviation MMA and butyl acrylate with the abbreviation BA and styrene as a comonomer additive to the functional monomers mentioned;</li><li>Peroxidic initiators: Dilauroyl peroxide with the abbreviation DLPO, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane with the abbreviation DHBP and dicetyl peroxydicarbonate with the abbreviation DCPOC, the abbreviations being used primarily in the following.</li></ul>
0036While maintaining the charging and heating regime used in Example 1, the essential parameters are the final reaction temperature T<sub>R1</sub>, with a response time t<sub>R1</sub> from 50 to 60 min and a stirring speed between 400 and 700 rpm, as well as the monomer / initiator proportions submitted to 100 MT olefin elastomer corresponding to the in <b>Table 1</b> given examples have been varied.
0037<b>Table 1</b> contains the process parameters important for solid phase grafting:<ul id="ul0006" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>Column 1: Example number (example no.)</li><li>Column 2: used olefin elastomer graft substrate, 100 MT</li><li>Column 3: Type and concentration of the initiator used in [MT]</li><li>Column 4: Monomer (s) with concentration in [MT]</li><li>Column 5: Final reaction temperatures T<sub>R1</sub> in [° C]</li><li>Column 6: Volume melting rates, abbreviation MVR in [cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min]</li><li>Column 7: grafted monomer content, indicated as degree of functionalization FG in% by mass.</li></ul><tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 1</b></title><tgroup cols="7"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="33mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="36mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="29mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top">Example no.</entry><entry valign="top">Elastomer 100 MT</entry><entry valign="top">Initiator [MT]</entry><entry valign="top">Monomer [MT]</entry><entry valign="top">T<sub>R1</sub> [° C]</entry><entry valign="top">MVR [cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min]</entry><entry valign="top">FG [mass%]</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>1</entry><entry>OBC-0.5</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>2.8 MSA 1.0 styrene</entry><entry>92</entry><entry>2.2 (190 ° C / 21.6 kg)</entry><entry>1,31</entry></row><row><entry>2</entry><entry>OBC-15</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>4.0 HEA 1.0 styrene</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>18th (190 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>2,51</entry></row><row><entry>3</entry><entry>OBC-15</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>6.0 MMA 0.5 BA</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>19th (190 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>3,3</entry></row><row><entry>4</entry><entry>OBC-15</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>2.8 MSA 0.5 styrene</entry><entry>88</entry><entry>7.5 (190 ° C / 21.6 kg)</entry><entry>1,62</entry></row><row><entry>5</entry><entry>OBC-15</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>5.0 BA</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>13th (190 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>3,7</entry></row><row><entry>6</entry><entry>Versify</entry><entry>0.5 DLPO</entry><entry>5.0 AS 1.0 styrene</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>18th (230 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>2,75</entry></row><row><entry>7</entry><entry>Versify</entry><entry>0.3 DCPOC</entry><entry>4.5 AS 1.0 MSA 0.5 styrene</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>13th (230 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>3,27</entry></row><row><entry>8</entry><entry>Notio</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>1.9 MSA 0.2 styrene</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>0.9 (230 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>0,94</entry></row><row><entry>9</entry><entry>Notio</entry><entry>0.7 DLPO</entry><entry>1.5 MSA 0.5 styrene</entry><entry>90</entry><entry>1.0 (230 ° C / 2.16 kg)</entry><entry>0,77</entry></row><row><entry>10</entry><entry>Notio</entry><entry>1.2 DCPOC</entry><entry>1.5 MSA 0.5 styrene</entry><entry>85</entry><entry>5.6 (230 ° C / 5 kg)</entry><entry>0,84</entry></row><row><entry>11</entry><entry>Septon v</entry><entry>1.0 DLPO</entry><entry>2.1 MSA</entry><entry>100</entry><entry>18th (320 ° C / 21 kg)</entry><entry>1,20</entry></row><row><entry>12</entry><entry>Septon v</entry><entry>0.14 DHBP</entry><entry>2.4 MSA</entry><entry>160</entry><entry>23 (320 ° C / 21 kg)</entry><entry>1,51</entry></row><row><entry>13</entry><entry>Septon V-<i>Compound</i></entry><entry>0.5 DCPOC</entry><entry>2.4 MSA</entry><entry>80</entry><entry>16 (320 ° C / 21 kg)</entry><entry>0,64</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Melt grafting and compounding
0038In addition to the direct use of the elastomers functionalized in accordance with Examples 1 to 13 according to the invention, an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention using a certain concentration of solid-phase functionalized product and after adding a further proportion of functional monomer, initiator and, as a rule, also Stabilizer - unmodified olefinic elastomer graft functionalized in the molten state.
0039Reactive extrusion is preferred, in particular carboxylation or malification in a twin-screw extruder.
Example 14:
0040The powdery solid phase product obtained in the first stage according to example number 1, which is contained in the total mixture with 81.8% by mass and 16% by mass of MSA and 1.2% by mass of DHBP and 1.0% by mass of IRGANOX® as a stabilizer B561, a blend consisting of 20% by mass of the primary antioxidant IRGANOX® 1010 and 80% by mass of the secondary antioxidant IRGAFOS® 168 (manufacturer: Ciba), added and dispersed, by means of a weigh feeder with a feed rate of 5 MT / h a twin screw kneader of the type ZSK 25 (L = 42 D, temperatures in the range from 160 to 240 ° C, screw speed: 300 rpm) of the Werner & Pfleiderer, equipped with an underwater pelletizer, abbreviation UWG, supplied. At the same time, 95 MT / h of granular OBC D 9000.00 with the characteristic value MVR (230 ° C / 5 kg) = 4 cm are measured using a second balance<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min, hereinafter referred to as OBC-4, is added.
0041In accordance with the above-mentioned mass ratio between the solid phase graft product mix and OBC-4, the reactive extrusion takes place at an average throughput of 100 MT / h. The mass temperature T<sub>M.</sub> is measured at 256 ° C. The smooth strand of product emerging from the extruder nozzle is cut off by means of a UWG. After the granulate has dried, the following parameters listed in Example 14 are determined: MVR (230 ° C / 5 kg) = 5.3 cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min and degree of malification CS<sub>ex</sub> = 0.84 mass%.
Examples 15 to 20:
0042Varying the recipe for the melt grafting and compounding, i.e. the type of components and their proportions, further melt grafts were carried out under the extrusion conditions specified in Example 14, i.e. temperature, screw speed and throughput, the results of which are given in <b>Table 2</b> are shown.
In
Table 2
are listed:
0043Column 1 contains the numbering of the examples. Column 2 contains the concentration of the fast-phase graft product used with details of the corresponding example number<b>Table 1,</b> given in parts by mass per hour [MT / h]. Column 3 contains the type and concentration of unmodified olefinic elastomer used, given in [MT / h]. Column 4 shows the mean melt temperature T measured at the ZSK nozzle<sub>M.</sub> listed in [° C]. Columns 5 to 7 give the determined characteristic values, column 5 the melt volume rate (MVR) (230 ° C / 5 kg) in [cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min] as well as the qualitative strand assessment, selected from the assessments "smooth", "almost smooth" and "rough". Column 6 contains information about the degree of functionality (CS<sub>ex</sub>), whereby this information is given in% by mass, in short [% by mass]. Column 7 contains information on the adhesive or peel strength, given in [N / mm].
0044The grafted portion of CS<sub>ex</sub> on MSA or AS, that is to say the degree of functionalization, also as carboxylation or, in the case of MSA grafting, as degree of maleinization CS<sub>ex</sub> the potassium hydroxide solution not neutralized by the proportion of carboxylic acid, i.e. of MA or AS, has been determined by means of back titration as follows: After treatment for 6 h at 80 ° C of the residue of a 2 g graft sample obtained in the boiling methanol with a mixture of 100 ml of water-saturated xylene and 20 ml of 0.1 molar methanolic potassium hydroxide solution, a few drops of a 1% methanolic phenolphthalein solution are added Titration with 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid.
0045The grafted portion of HEA, BA and MMA - also called CS<sub>ex</sub>Values in <b>Table 2</b> shown - has been determined by means of near infrared (NIR) analysis.
0046The melt volume rates, abbreviation MVR, as well as the melt flow rates, abbreviation MFR, have been determined according to ISO 1133.
0047In addition, in <b>Table 2</b> a characteristic value for the adhesive strength in the form of the modified peel strength (<i>peel strength</i>) stated as a property which is decisive for the evaluation of the thermoplastic olefin elastomers functionalized according to the invention.
0048For comparison, in <b>table</b> 2 with Examples 14A, 17A, 18A and 20A four graft carboxylated olefin elastomers produced alone in the melt - without submission of an olefin elastomer grafted in the solid phase - are also included, whereby in contrast to the examples according to the invention, the MA, the initiator DHBP and also the stabilizer IRGANOX® B561 not in the form of a mixture with the solid phase graft product, but are premixed in part of the unmodified olefin elastomer used in each case and fed into the extruder feed via the scales 2. Accordingly, according to Example 14A, 95 MT / h of pure OBC D9000.00 via the first balance and one of 4 MT / h of pure OBC D9000.00, 0.9 MT / h MSA, 0.05 MT / h DHBP via the second balance and 0.05 MT / h IRGANOX® B561 existing mixture was fed. The same procedure was followed for the other comparative examples 17A, 18A and 20A.
0049In the examples for those in the <b>Table 2</b> no stabilizer concentrations are given, 0.05% by mass of IRGANOX® B561 has been used.<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2</b></title><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="11mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="27mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top">E.g.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">Extruder mode of operation</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col8" align="left" valign="top">Characteristic values</entry></row><row><entry valign="top">No.</entry><entry valign="top">Olefin elastomer [MT / h]</entry><entry valign="top">Solid phase prod. Tab. 1 [MT / h]</entry><entry valign="top">Monomer / initiator [MT / h]</entry><entry valign="top">T<sub>M.</sub> [° C]</entry><entry valign="top">MVR (230/5) [cm<sup>3</sup>/10']</entry><entry valign="top">CS<sub>ex</sub> [Mass%]</entry><entry valign="top">Peel strength [N / mm]</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>14</entry><entry>95 OBC-4</entry><entry>4.09 No. 1</entry><entry>0.8 MSA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>256</entry><entry>5.3 smooth</entry><entry>0,84</entry><entry>6,2</entry></row><row><entry>14A</entry><entry>99 OBC-4</entry><entry>-</entry><entry>0.9 MSA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>258</entry><entry>2.3 almost smooth</entry><entry>0,65</entry><entry>4,1</entry></row><row><entry>15</entry><entry>92 OBC-15</entry><entry>6.544 No. 1</entry><entry>1.28 MSA 0.096 DHBP 0.08 rod.</entry><entry>262</entry><entry>14th smooth</entry><entry>0,92</entry><entry>7,0</entry></row><row><entry>16</entry><entry>95 OBC-4</entry><entry>4.01 No. 4</entry><entry>0.8 MSA 0.04 DHBP 0.15 rod</entry><entry>252</entry><entry>4.6 smooth</entry><entry>0,71</entry><entry>6,6</entry></row><row><entry>17</entry><entry>95 Versify</entry><entry>4.09 No. 6</entry><entry>0.8 MSA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>235</entry><entry>29 smooth</entry><entry>0,87</entry><entry>6,3</entry></row><row><entry>17A</entry><entry>99 Versify</entry><entry>-</entry><entry>0.9 MSA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>235</entry><entry>12th almost smooth</entry><entry>0,67</entry><entry>4,5</entry></row><row><entry>18</entry><entry>95 Notio</entry><entry>4.1 No. 8</entry><entry>0.8 MSA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>238</entry><entry>6.7 smooth</entry><entry>0,73</entry><entry>6,0</entry></row><row><entry>18A</entry><entry>99 Notio</entry><entry>-</entry><entry>0.9 MSA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>240</entry><entry>2.3 rough</entry><entry>0,65</entry><entry>4,1</entry></row><row><entry>19</entry><entry>95 OBC-4</entry><entry>4.1 No. 2</entry><entry>0.8 HEA 0.05 DHBP</entry><entry>261</entry><entry>1.6 smooth</entry><entry>0,91</entry><entry>5,3</entry></row><row><entry>20</entry><entry>90 OBC-4</entry><entry>8.2 No. 5</entry><entry>1.6 BA 0.1 DHBP 0.1 rod</entry><entry>258</entry><entry>1.2 almost smooth</entry><entry>1,25</entry><entry>6,5</entry></row><row><entry>20A</entry><entry>98 OBC-4</entry><entry>-</entry><entry>1.8 BA 0.1 DHBP 0.1 rod.</entry><entry>260</entry><entry>0.5 rough</entry><entry>0,95</entry><entry>4,8</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0050The adhesive strength characteristic value in a materials testing machine TC-<patcit id="pcit0055" dnum="FR010"><text>FR010</text></patcit>TH.A5V from Zwick GmbH & Co. was used on clamped samples of aluminum sheet strips / 0.3 mm adhesion promoter film / aluminum sheet strip composites (AI / HV / AI) with a pulling speed of 100 mm / min.
0051The granules obtained by means of UWG are, after drying, extruded to give 0.3 mm thick films, cut into strips with a length of 80 mm and a width of 40 mm and placed between two aluminum sheet strips with the same dimensions. The AI / HV / AI composites are then tempered in a heating cabinet at 180 ° C., which are then measured after various storage times in the heating cabinet without additional weight or pressure.
0052The measurement is carried out after a storage time of 8 minutes on each of the three AI / HV / AI test strips of 13.3 × 80 mm that have been cut. In the<b>Table 2</b> The peel strengths given are the average values obtained from four AI / HV / AI composites and thus from a total of 12 individual test strip values for a tested sample.
0053How the comparison of the graft product characteristics in the comparison with the pure melt functionalization products from Examples 14A, 17A, 18A and 20A of FIG <b>Table 2</b> shows, the functionalized olefin elastomers produced according to the invention are characterized by high adhesive strengths with peel strengths ≥ 5 N / mm and at the same time well-suited melt viscosities corresponding to MVR (230 ° C / 5 kg) values between 1 and 30 cm<sup>3</sup>/ 10 min off. It should also be emphasized that the high peel strengths of these new adhesion promoters are retained even after prolonged tempering.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED
0054<dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>AS</dt><dd>Acrylic acid</dd><dt>BA</dt><dd>Butyl acrylate</dd><dt>CHP</dt><dd>Cumene hydroperoxide</dd><dt>CS<sub>ex</sub></dt><dd>Degree of malification, degree of carboxylation, grafted fraction</dd><dt>DBPO</dt><dd>Dibenzoyl peroxide</dd><dt>DBPOC</dt><dd>Dibutyl peroxydicarbonate</dd><dt>DCP</dt><dd>Dicumyl peroxide</dd><dt>DCPOC</dt><dd>Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate</dd><dt>DHBP</dt><dd>2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) -hexane</dd><dt>DLPO</dt><dd>Diauroyl peroxide</dd><dt>DTBPC</dt><dd>1,1-di (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane</dd><dt>DYBP</dt><dd>2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexyne- (3)</dd><dt>EOC</dt><dd>Ethylene / octene (C.<sub>8</sub>) Copolymers</dd><dt>EPM</dt><dd>Ethylene / propylene rubber</dd><dt>FG</dt><dd>Degree of functionalization</dd><dt>HDPE</dt><dd>High density polyethylenes</dd><dt>HEA</dt><dd>Hydroxyethyl acrylate</dd><dt>HV</dt><dd>Adhesion promoter</dd><dt>LDPE</dt><dd>Low density polyethylenes</dd><dt>LLDPE</dt><dd>linear ethylene copolymers with a low C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin comonomer content below 15% by mass</dd><dt>MFR</dt><dd>Melt flow rates</dd><dt>MMA</dt><dd>Methyl methacrylate</dd><dt>MSA</dt><dd>Maleic anhydride</dd><dt>MT</dt><dd>Mass parts</dd><dt>MT / h</dt><dd>Parts by weight per hour</dd><dt>MVR</dt><dd>Volume melt rates, melt volume rates</dd><dt>NIR</dt><dd>Near Infrared</dd><dt>OBC</dt><dd>Olefin block copolymer</dd><dt>POE</dt><dd>linear ethylene copolymers with a higher C<sub>3</sub>- to C<sub>12</sub>-Olefin comonomer content above 15% by mass</dd><dt>TBHP</dt><dd>tert-butyl hydroperoxide</dd><dt>TBP</dt><dd>Di-tert-butyl peroxide</dd><dt>TBPB</dt><dd>tert-butyl perbenzoate</dd><dt>TBPEH</dt><dd>tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate</dd><dt>TBPIB</dt><dd>tert-butyl peroxy isobutyrate</dd><dt>T<sub>HWZ / 1h</sub></dt><dd>1 hour half-life temperature</dd><dt>T<sub>Half-life / 1min</sub></dt><dd>1 minute half-life temperature</dd><dt>T<sub>M.</sub></dt><dd>Melt temperature</dd><dt>TPE-S</dt><dd>Styrene / diene segment / styrene or styrene / diene segment block copolymers</dd><dt>TPES-V</dt><dd>Styrene / olefin / styrene block copolymers</dd><dt>T<sub>R1</sub></dt><dd>Final reaction temperature</dd><dt>t<sub>R1</sub></dt><dd>Time (for maintaining the final reaction temperature T<sub>R1</sub>)</dd><dt>Rpm</dt><dd>revolutions per minute</dd><dt>UWG</dt><dd>Underwater pelletizing</dd></dl>
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
|---|---|---|
| WO2009033465A2 | Cites | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |
| DE19914146A1 | Cites | Germany |
| DE102007030801A1 | Cites | Germany |
| DE19607430C1 | Cites | Germany |
12 members in 7 offices
Members12
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014146773A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| KR20150133256A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| CN105143277A | China | A | |
| US2016017081A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP2976367A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| JP2016512855A | Japan | A | |
| CN105143277B | China | B | |
| US10189933B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP6466402B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| KR102188700B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| EP2976367B1This record | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ES2877339T3 | Spain | T3 |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2976367
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2976367
- Publication, EPODOC
- EP2976367
- Application
- 147137566
- Application, DOCDB
- 14713756
- Application, EPODOC
- EP20140713756
Titles3
- German
- VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG FUNKTIONALISIERTER THERMOPLASTISCHER ELASTOMERE
- English
- METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALISED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS
- French
- PROCÉDÉ DE FABRICATION D´UN ÉLASTOMÈRE THERMOPLASTIQUE FONCTIONNALISÉ
Classification
- CPC, 8
- C08F287/00
- C08F2/36
- C08F4/38
- C08F255/02
- C08F285/00
- C08K5/134
- C08K5/52
- C09J151/003
- IPC, 9
- C08F2 36
- C08F4 38
- C08F255 02
- C08F255 00
- C08F287 00
- C09J151 00
- C08F285 00
- C08K5 134
- C08K5 52
Designated states38
- Contracting states, 38
- Albania
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Croatia
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Iceland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Latvia
and 14 moreShow fewer
- Monaco
- North Macedonia
- Malta
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Serbia
- Sweden
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- San Marino
- Türkiye