Method and apparatus for remotely operating ac powered appliances from video interphones or shopping terminals

Description of equivalent WO 2009051982 A2

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR

0002REMOTELY OPERATING AC POWERED APPLIANCES FROM VIDEO INTERPHONES OR SHOPPING TERMINALS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. FIELD OF TH5 INVENTION

0005This invention is related to video interphone system and to wired orwirelesscontrol, includingIRandRF, usedforremotelyoperating AC switches and AC powered electrical devices and appliances.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIORT ART

0007Wired or wireless remote control devices including InfraRed (IR) or RF transmitter for remotely operating AC powered electrical appliances such as television receivers, home heaters, air conditioners, motorized curtains, lighting and other electrical appliances in homes, apartments, offices and buildings in general are switched on and off by a one way control or command signal, with the person operating the remote control device verifying the on or off status of the operated device by visual means, such as the TV is on, or the lights are off, or the aircondition unit is activated or not, by being at the site of the operated appliance. Most of the remote control devices, including IR or wireless remote control devices use the same power key to switch the appliance on and off, therefore withouu the operatingperson' s self verification on site, with most of currently available remote control devices it is impossible to positively verify the on-off power status without being at the appliance site.

0008On the other hand home automation relay devices, operated via two way communication signals can be updated with the relay's status by a returned status signal. The problem such system represents is the cost for customizing of the AC electrical wiring, coupled with the on-off switching devices which are expensive and require expertise to configure, install and setup . Onereason is that the wiring systems that are used for the light's (or other appliances) on-off switches do not include the neutral wire of zheACπiains . The commonlywiredelectrical systemsprovide only two wires for the switches, the AC live or hot wire and the load wire that leads to the light fixture or other appliance. Similar two only traveler wires are used for connecting several switches that are tied up to switch on-off the same light or appliance.

0009The "two only AC wires" with no neutral wire at the switch's electrical box, prevent simple introduction of home automation, requiring changes to the commonly used electrical wiring. Therefore, the introduction of home automation devices calls for replacing the hardwired, the commonly used electrical AC switches and the AC outlets for transforming the basic standard electrical wiring, such as used for lighting, into a sophisticated operating systems that require maintenance and interventions by experts to repair or update, which is troublesome and costly. Moreover, AC power devices that are directly connected to live AC power lines within the buildings must be tested to comply with electrical safety laws, rules and regulation and obtain approval and certification by organizations such, as the UL in the USA, VDE or TUV in Europe, BS in the UKand similar organizations in other countries . The testing and approval processes are costly and tirr.e consuming, which makes approvals of customs designed AC electrical switches, AC electrical outlets and AC electrical interfaces for home automation out of reach to the mass market, limiting the proliferation of the much needed home automation to only custom designed AC switches, outlets and interfaces, for use in very expensive homes.

0010ThesignificancewithremoLecontrollingofhomeautomat ionsystems is the ability to switch electrical appliances on and off remotely via PCs through the Internet, via mobile telephones and/or via other PDAdevices . Theproblemhowever for suchremotecontrolling is the need for a verified on-off status of the appliances being operated and/or the availability of a status report covering all the remotely controlled appliances of a given house, office, apartment or a building.

0011Many existing home automation systems and devices operate over wired or wireless home network, using variety of complex communication protocols, such as the known XlO protocol via AC power line, as well as currentlybeing formulated "Zigbee" standard forwirelesscommunications and/orotherbluetoothcommunications througha single controller, orpluralityof controllers, including control devices such as keypads and/or LCD displays and/or touch screen devices. Similarly, such method and apparatuses for integrating remote control devices with video interphone systems and shopping terminals are also disclosed in U.S. application 11/024 , 233 dated 12.28.2004 andU. S. application 11/509, 315 dated 08.24.2006.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

0013It is an object of the present invention to provide a simplified method and apparatus for adding relays and AC current on-off sensing devices to any type of an existing standard electrical switches and outlets with minimal exposure to live AC power lines , whichprovidealowcostsolutionforthemuchneededhomeautomation. Another object of the present invention is to operate and monitor the status of the electrical appliances through video interphones and/or "shoppingterminals" includingthegeneratingof thecontrol codes andsignals fromthevideo interphones and shopping terminals to the different appliances through a driver circuits as described in the above referenced applications 11/024, 233 and 11/509, 315. "Shopping terminals" are disclosed in U. S . application 10/864, 311 dated 6.8.2004 and PCT international application PCT/US05/19564 dated 6.3.2005 for method and apparatus for simplified e-commerce shopping via home shopping terminals . Video interphones systems are disclosed in U. S . patents 5, 923,363, 6, 603, 842 and 6 , 940,957. In the following description the term live AC refers to the "hot line" of the AC power or mains, as oppose to the neutral line of the AC power or mains. The term load refers to an appliance such as light fixture that is connected between the neutral line and the live AC line via the on-off switch.

0014The apparatus for remotely operating AC powered appliances and other objects of the present invention are attained by an add on devices comprising wired, IR or RF receivers including AC power relays for receiving one way operational commands to operate the electrical appliances and/or wired, IR or RF transceivers including AC power relay arid AC current sensors for receiving one way operational command to operate the electrical appliances and for transmitting on-off status signals from the appliances, m response to the received operational command or in response to an inquiry command (a request for status data) on the basis of the current sensor output, thereby providing error free remote controlling of the electrical home appliances.

0015The solution offered by the present invention, is to install an add on devices that include relays and current sensors , packaged or encapsulated with said wired, IR or wireless receiver or transceiver into a standard size casing of an AC switch or outlet , and using such packaged "add on device" to augment any type of standardmanualon-off switchforelectrical appliancesorlighting and not by replacing the whole existing electrical switches and wiring .

0016The method of adding packaged relays and/or current sensors interfaces toanexistingstandardelectrical switches andoutlets instead of replacing them, introduces several major advantages; one is the lowering of the overall cost of the switches and outlets , because standard low cost, mass produced switches and outlets can be used. The second advantage is that the "add on devices" provide dual operation, manual operation via the commonly used switches and outlets on one hand and remote operation, inparallel with manual operation, via the relays of the add on devices. These advantages are the other objects of present invention, attained with total harmony and with no conflict between the manual and remote switching operation as described further below.

0017Another practical objective attained by the present invention is the freedom to select any from the wide variety of AC switches and outlets along with any of the extensive decorative covers andframesincludingvarietyof designandcolors that are available andare being regularly introduced to the construction/electrical industry. Hence, this invention solves the persisting difficulties to match such wide range of available AC switches and outlets designs, their panel colors and decorations, particularly in a situation when a single home automation AC switch or an AC outlet is introduced but does not match the design or the color of a standard selected switches or AC outlets, that are installed into a multi gang switches/outlets setup. Two types of switches for AC appliances and light fixture are commonly used, a single pole-single throw (SPST) and a single pole-double throw (EPDT) switch. The SPST switch is abasicon-off switch and the SPDT is a change over switch. The SPDT switches are used for on-off switching of a given appliance such as light fixture from two separate posit ions, such as from the two entrances of the same hall or a room. In instances were three ormore switches are needed to switch on-off the same light fixture of a given hall or room, another type of dual pole- dual throw (DPDT) switches areused TheDPDTswitchesareconnectedmagivenstraight cross configuration m between the two SPDT switches described above. The DPDT switches and the DPDT relays described are also known as "reversing" ox 4 way switches or relays.

0018As will be explained later, the two SPDT switches including the one or more DPDT switches connected in a specific configuration that are described m details later, provide for each individual switch to operate on its own, regardless of the other switches status . Therefore any of the switches that are connected in such SPDT and/or DPDT setup configuration will switch on and off the light fixture irrespective of the other connected switches status . This further means that there is no specific on or off position for any of the connected switches levers, and the switching on or off is achieved by the pushing of the switch lever to its opposite position. Accordingly the object of the present invention is to connect an SPDT relay to an SPDT light switch that are connected for operating a light fixture or other electrical appliance, thereby maintaining the operation via a "commonly used" manual switch and provide remote switching via the SPDT relay connected to the switch in a given configuration.

0019Anotherobject of thepresent invention is toprovide forconnecting DPDT relay for remotely switching on-off light fixture or other electrical appliance that are connectedto twomanual SPDT switches and to a more comprehensive switching setup that includes two SPDT and one or more DPDT switches .

0020As explained above, the use of SPDT and DPDT relays in the "add on devices" of the present invention, or in other existing home automation electrical relay, switches and outlets, it will not be possible to identify the on-off status of the appliance, unless the data of all the switches and relays status of a given circuit are transmitted to the controller. This mandates the feeding and recording of all the switch's and the relay's data to the controller during the installation, which is complicated, troublesome and prone to errors . This may cause also complicated data handling and ensuing operational complications, requiring the transmitting of all the data every time a manual switch or relay is activated in the system, and this in return introduces substantial more data traffic and processing. For this reason the other important object of the present invention is the introduction of AC current sensor for identifying when the appliance is switched on The connecting of live AC power line to an electrical circuit calls for the use of large electrical components and as explained above, mandates a compliance with the electrical safety laws, rules and regulations such as the UL which is costly and time consuming. Therefore the current sensor of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is not connected to the AC line, instead the current is detected by AC induction. For this reason the AC switches and outlets of this invention are provided with a structural passage for the AC electrical wire to pass through an opening ma coil assembly for detecting the current drain through the AC wire running through the sensors

0021A toroidal or other structured coil having an opening for enabling the AC wire to pass through, so that the current dram in the AC power wire will generate a corresponding signal level at the coil output terminals For such induction current sensing the coil does not need to be connected to any live AC line, while its output signal is dependent upon the AC current through the ACwire . The coil output isprocessedby a signal detectmgcircuit and the CPU of the "add on devices" for generating the on-off status data

0022The add-on devices of the present invention includes a receiver or a transceiver for receiving commands to operate the relays and for transmitting in return the data pertaining the on or off status of the appliance. On the basis of the level of the AC current fed through the current sensing coil, said on status may include more than a simple on data. For example, an AC outlet for a TV receiver or a PC that are in a sleeping mode and consume smaller current than the full operating current, will cause the current sensing coil to output lower sensing signal level, which can be measured by the signal detecting circuit and processed by the CPU for the transceiver to generate a sleeping mode status data.

0023The received and transmitted data are fed via a communication network selected from a group consisting of wired network, two way IR network, RF wireless network and combinations thereof. For example a television receiver can be powered via a standard AC outlet, with the AC wire connecting to the AC outlet for the television receiver passes through said add-on device, while the power on command to the television may be transmitted via an hand held IR remote control or via an IR driver described in above US referenced application 11/509,315 and/ or through thevideointerphonedescribedinUSpatentsδ, 603 , 842and6, 940, 957 and/or the shopping terminal disclosed in US application 10/864, 311.

0024The transceiver of the add-on device, including the current sensor through which the AC power is fed to the television receiver, transmits to the home automation controller, the video interphone or the shopping terminal, m return to a power-on command to the television receiver, a reply that a power-on is detected using the wired, IR or the RF wireless network employed for the home automation, therebyupdating the home automat ion controller, or said video interphone or the shopping terminal described in above referenced patents and applications, with the television "on status", or "off status" if the command was to switch off the television

0025The reference to home automation controller hereafter is to a display device with control keys or touch screen and circuits similar to the video interphone and/or the shopping terminal disclosed m the applications and the US patents referred to above . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0026Theforegomgandotherobjectsandfeaturesofthepresent invent ion wi11becomeapparent fromthefollowingdescriptionofthepreferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, m which:

0027Figs .1A~ IDareelectrical drawings, connections andillustrations of common electrical SPST and SPDT switches for use with home appliances;

0028Figs .2A~2Care electrical drawing, connections and illustrations of SPDT and DPDT switches including the interconnections of SPDT relay of the present invention with SPDT switch;

0029Figs.3A~3C are electrical drawing, and connections of two SPDT switches with two DPDT switches and with DPDT relay and the interconnection of SPDT switches with DPDT relay of the present invention,-

0030Figs .4A and 4B are exploded views showing the installation and the connections of SPDT switch with SPDT and DPDT relay of the present invention, operated via wired network,-

0031Figs .5A and 5B are exploded views showing the installation and the connections of SPDT switch with SPDT and DPDT relay of the present invention, operated via IR remote control network;

0032Figs .6A and 6B are exploded views showing the installation and connections of SPDT switch with SPDT and DPDT relay of the present invention, operated via wireless network;

0033Figs .7A-7E are electrical drawing and illustrations of the current sensing coils and structures and the preferred embodiment of the current sensors and the connections to an AC outlet of the present invention;

0034Figs .8Aand8Baretheexplodedviewsof FIGS .4Aand4B incorporating the AC lines passages through the current sensors of the preferred embodiment ; Figs .9Aand9Bare the explodedviews of FIGS .5Aand5B incorporating the AC 1 ines passages through the current sensors of the preferred embodiment ;

0035Figs.1OA and 1OB are the exploded views of FIGS.6A and 6B incorporating the AC lines passages through the current sensors Of the preferred embodiment;

0036Figs.11A-IlD are block diagrams of the relay control and communication circuits including the current sensor of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

0037Fig.12 is a block diagram of the power supply, the communication drivers and the connections for remote operation via zhe Internet of the home automation system of the present invention;

0038Figs .13A~13Care illustrations showingthecommunicationnetworks for the home automation including the power supply, an IR driver and the key panel or keypad of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

0039Figε.l4A and 14B are block diagrams of a key panel or keypad for switching on and off a selected appliances via wired network; and

0040Figs.l5A and 15B are block diagrams of a key panel or keypad for switching on and off selected appliances via IR or wireless network .

D5TAILED DESCRIPTION OF THB PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

0042Shown in Fig. IA is a standard on-off switch IA used for operating AC appliances including appliances such as light fixtures, air conditioners and any other electrical devices that are operated by AC power. The standard on-off switch IA is known as single pole-single throw (SPST) switch that includes lever activated spring contacts for making (on state) or breaking (off state) theelectriccircuitcarryingACcurrenttotheappliance . Remotely operatedswitchusedforhome automationis infact a relayactivated contacts (not shown) for making or breaking the AC current fed to an AC appliance, similar to the switch IA of Fig. IA.

0043For error free remote switching of the appliance it is necessary to know the appliance on or off status. It is possible to know the on or off status when using remotely operated SPST relay, on the basis of the data fed to the relay driver circuit, such as the driver 36 shown m Fig . HA, which may be a driver transistor or IC. There is however a structural problem with remote on-off controlling of appliances via remote control devices including hand held IR or wireless remote control and/or wired control devices and systems, whereby such devices use the same key for switching the appliance on and off. For example almost all of the remote control units for television sets use the same key for on and. off commands and most of the remote control units are not fed back with the on- off status of the television receiver. This makes the remote controlling of a television set unreliable when the control is generated from remote location, away from the television set such as through the Internet. For error free remotecontrollingthecontrollermustverifytheappliancestatus, in particular if the appliance is switched on or off. This is a fundamental need, including the ability to remotely receive a data pertaining all the appliances in the home, apartment, office or the building.

0044The electrical switch IB shown in FIG. IB is a single pole-dual throw switch known as SPDT switch. The SPDT switch is a change over switch, wherein the pole P is connected to terminal 1 or terminal 2 by the switch lever 5.

0045The SPDT switch car, be used for making or braking the AC electrical current to an AC appliance, the same way the basic on-off switch IA operates, such as connecting live AC to the pole P and the appliance to terminal 2 of SPDT switch IB. Such SPDT switches are specifically used in homes for operating light fixtures and appliances because the SPDT switch provides for operating the appliance, such as light fixture from two separate locations.

0046As shown inFig. IB the SPDTswitch is connectedthrough its terminals 1 and 2 to two lines known as travelers, traveler 1 and traveler 2. Shown in Fig.1C is the electrical circuit of two SPDT switches

004751 and S2 that are connected via traveler 1 and traveler 2 between the two switches' terminals 1 and 2. Each of the switches can independently make or brake the electrical current to the AC appliance. From the circuit shown in Fig.1C and the illustration in Fig. ID it become evident that whenever both switches Sl and

004852 of Fig.1C and/or when both switches IB of Fig. ID are switched to the same traveler line, be it traveler 1 or traveler 2 the AC appliance is connected to the live AC line (on state) . When one of the switches Sl or S2 is connected to traveler 1 and the other is connected to traveler 2 the line is cut and the appliance is in off state. Same applies to the shown SPDT relay 6 connected to the SPDT switch IB shown in Fig.2A.

0049The importance of this setup is that the on or off state of either switch lever 5 is not defined. This is why the positions of lever 5 shown in Figs. IB, ID and 2A are not termed on or off, but as position 1 (Pos.l) and position 2 (Pos.2) . This inability to have defined on-off state of the two SPDT switches or an SPDT switch and SDPT relay shown in Fig.2A and as will be explained below, the combined two SPDT and multi DPDT switches or the two SPDT and a DPDT relay 6C shown in Fig.3A, call for a solution for providing on-off status to the controller of the electrical systems of home automation.

0050Fig.2B shows an extended electrical circuit wherein a double pole-double throw (DPDT) switch S3-1 and S3-2 is introduced in between the two SPDT switches Sl and S2 of FIG.1C by intersecting the traveler 1 and traveler 2 lines. The significance of the DPDT switch S3-1 and S3-2, shown also in Fig.2C as DPDT switch 1C is that its double throwpositions do not switch off the traveler lines. The DPDT switch 1C connects the traveler's lines 1 and 2 straight with the lever 5C in Pos .1 and crosses the traveler's lines 1 and 2 when the lever 5C is switched to Pos.2. Such dual throw switch setup, for connecting the traveler lines straight or cross (reverse) causes by reversing the traveler lines to break or make the continuity of the electi ical circuit and thereby switches the appliance from off state to on state or in reverse switches the appliance from on state to off state.

0051The DPDT switches 1C shown in Fig.2C used in a cascading switches setup and the DPDT relay 6C of the present invention shown in

0052Fig.3A are connected between the traveler's terminals 1 and 2 of two SPDT switches IB, such that when the switch lever 5C is in Pos .1 shown in Fig.2C the traveler lines 1 and 2 are connected in straight line, and when the switch lever 5C is switched to Pos .2 (dashed line), the travelers lines 1 and 2 are crossed

0053(reversed) .

0054As shown in Fig.3B it is possible to add n number of DPDT switches to the cascading switches chain and operate the appliance independently, from each one of the two SPDT switches and from an n number of DPDT switches . The cascaded switches' setup shown in Fig.3B comprises four switches, two SPDT switches Sl and S2 and two SPDT S3-1/S3-2 and S4-1/S4-2. As the DPDT switches never cut, but crosses the traveler lines, it is clear from the circuit 3B that the terminal 1 and 2 of both switches Sl and S2 will alwaysbe connected, beitstraightorcrossed. Bythisarrangement therefore, regardless of how many DPDT switches are introduced in the cascaded switches chain, each of the switches will independently switch on-off the appliance connected to the chain .

0055As can be seen in Fig.3A and Fig.3B the switching over of SPDT switches to the opposite position (Pos .1 to Pos .2 or vice versa) , or the reconnecting the traveler lines 1 and 2 from straight to cross or from cross to straight, by the DPDT switch 1C or the DPDT relay 6C of Fig.3A or 6C of Fig.3C independently, will make or break the AC circuit and will switch the appliance on and off independently and regardless of the other switches' lever positions .

0056Shown in Fig.3C is the relay 6C of the present invention and as explained above, the introduction of additional DPDT switch or relay into the cascading switches shown in Fig.3B does not change the switching capacity of each individual switch or relay to switch on- off the connected appliance. One major advantage of the present invention as will be explained later, is that only a single relay that is introduced into the cascading switches is needed to fully connect the cascaded switches chain into the home automation system. The introduction of a DPDT relay into a cascading switches arrangement makes it clear that there is no way to verify the status of each individual mechanical switch. Moreover, because of the need to remotely operate the appliances without error, the issue of the on-off status of the appliance is critical, because the operator must know the status of the appliance he operates and preferably the status of the whole electrical system of the home, apartment, office or building.

0057Building can be any constructed workshop, factory, warehouse, garage, stadium, hall, studio, theatei and any other private, public or business building, manufacturing building, storage building and/or other structure incorporating electrical appliances such as air conditioners, light fixtuies and other AC operated appliances.

0058Fig .4A is an illustration showing the add on SPDT relay 6 connected via the two travelers lines 1 and 2 to the traveler terminals Tl and T2 of a standard SPDT switch IB and with its load terminal L connected to the AC appliance, the same way as shown in the electrical circuit of Fig.2A. Fig.4B illustrates the connection of DPDT relay 6C v/ith the SPDT switch IB. The DPDT relay's 6C two traveler wires 1 and 2 are connected to the two traveler terminals of the SPDT switch IB shown also in Fig.3A and with the two traveler wires 1 and 2 connected to the terminals Tl and T2 , which are the poles of the dual pole relay. From the relay 6C the two travelers are fed through the electrical wall box 14 to the next cascading DPDT or SPDT switch (not shown) . It become obvious from Figs.4A and 4B that it is simple to add such SPDT relay 6 or DPDT relay 6C to the standard electrical SPDT switches, instead of replacing the whole switching system asusedinothercurrenthomeautomationsystems forremoteswitching of appliances.

0059The relays 6 and 6C shown in Figs .4A and 4B are controlled through a wired communication network via the terminal 1OP that carries the DC power for powering the control 30 via a single twisted pair, the communication and power extracting circuit 37P, the indicators driver 38 and the relay driver 36 circuits shown in Fig. HB. The relay control and communication circuit 6WP will be described in further details later. Accordingly the relays 6 and 6C that are powered via the communication network line are commanded to switch over the relay 6 contacts or to connect the traveler lines straight or cross through the relay 6C contacts . In systems that the wired communication lines cannot carry or feed the DC power, the relay control and communication circuit 6W shown in Fig. HAwill be used instead. For thepower connection, the relay control and communication circuit 6W uses separate terminals or connector, shown as terminal 11 in Fig. HA. Such connector or terminals are not shown in Figs.4A and 4B, but are shown in Figs.ΞA, 5B, 6A and 6B . In the following description the "relays series 6" refers to any and all of the relays of the present invention, as described. Figs.5A and 5B show the relays 6 -IR and 6C- IR that are identical m their electrical switching to the relays 6 and 6C of Figs.4A and 4B . The difference is in the control and communicator circuit 6IRofFig. HD. AsshownmFig . llDthewiredcommunicationcircuits 37 or 37P are replaced with an IR TX and LPF circuit 32 and with IR TX driver circuit 33 for providing two way IR communication for operating the relays 6 -IR and 6C- IR. The control and communicator 6IR is powered via terminals or connector 11, it can be connected in cascading chain with other relay units to a master power supply such as the power supply portion of the communication driver and power supply 60IR shown in Fig.l3B, or it can be powered individually by a given power supply, or by a battery or by a rechargeable battery and the like.

0060Figs.6A and 6B show the relays 6-RF and 6C-RF that are identical with the relays 6- IR and 6C- IR shown in Figs .5A and 5B, with the exception of the communication circuit 39 of the control and communicator 6RF shown in Fig. lie.

0061The relays 6-RF and 6C-RF communicate via RF wireless network through the transceiver, coder and LPF circuit 39 and through the antenna 22 shown as attached to the plastic cover 15 that is used for covering the relays 6-RF or 6C-RF that are installed into a standard electrical box 14. The antenna 22 is connected to the antenna socket 20 of the relay 6-RF or 6C-RF using the antenna plug 21 shown in Figs .6A and 6B. It becomes clear from the illustrated and explained circuits that the SPDT relays 6, 6 -IR and 6 -RF and that the DPDT relays 6C, 6C- IR and 6C-RF can be connectedtostandardSPDTelectrical switches andtoa cascading commonlyusedSPDTorSPDTandDPDTelectricalswitchesviatravelers lines and remotely switch the appliances on off, by switching overthepolepositionof the SPDT relays and/or connecting straight or cross the traveler lines by the DPDT relays. It is also clear that the relays canbe controlledvia communication lines including wired network, IR network and RF network and that the relays are constructed in sizes that fit standard electrical wall boxes and can be mounted next to the commonly used AC switches. It is also clear that the relays series 6 can be covered by identical switch cover that fits the switches frame, shape, cover color, design and the like.

0062The relays and their control and communication circuits and indicators can be powered via a cascading wired single twisted pair communication lines 1OP, or separately via power supply line 11 using individual power adaptors, via batteries or rechargeable batteries and/or by any other commonly available AC/DC supply options.

0063The use of the SPDT relay 6, 6 -IR or 6 -RF and the DPDT relay 6C, 6C- IR or 6C-RF however, can not provide verifiable data as to the appliance on-off status. The relays 6, 6-IR and 6-RF and 6C, 6C-IR and 6C-RF are therefore are preferably used in limited applications, such as in small locally controlled systems such as apartments, offices or houses that the operator of the system can verify on site if the lights or the air condition are switched on or off, etc, but such home automation system will be unreliable if the user of the system need to remotely control appliances from far, such as through the Internet.

0064Figs.7A, 7B and 7C show current sensing coils and transformer. The well known toroidal coil 31 of Fig.7A can provide passage through its ring to an AC current carrying wire 8 for generating an AC output signal by induction, outputting a voltage level relative to the current drain through the wire 8.

0065The coil assembly shown in Fig.7B combines well known ferrite "C" core 3 IA and a coil 3 IB and provide passage as shown in Fig.7B for the AC current carrying wire 8. Similar to the toroidal coil 31, the coil 31B will output by induction an AC output signal relative to the current drain in the wire 8. While boththe toroidal coil 31 and the coil 3 IB with its core 3 IAperform the same function, i.e., generate by induction an output signal, relative to the current drain in the wire 8, the advantage of the toroidal coil 31 is in its simple structure . The windingof toroidal coil however are costlier and with smaller toroidal core the number of winding is limited, thereby the sensing signal level is smaller, resulting in lower signal to noise ratio, which may cause current detection errors.

0066The coil assembly 3 IB with its "C" core 3 IA shown in Fig.7B can have substantial more winding, sufficient to output higher AC signals in response to current flow through wire 8, having good signal to noise ratio and signal levels that can be processed and measured by the CPU 30 of the control circuits 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR, shown in Figs.llA~llD without sensing errors.

0067Another current sensor that can be used is che current transformer 3 IT shown in Fig.1C The current transformer 3 IT actualIyconnects to live AC line, be it through the Load terminal L or the direct live terminal P of the SPDT switch. Such current transformer offer best signal to noise ratio and can output large, accurate signaloutput . HoweversuchintroductionofACcurrenttransformer mandatesconnectiontoliveACline , whichisgovernedbyregulations , structure limitations, testing and approvals, which defeats the present invention that seeks to simplify the introduction of home automation relays system with minimal direct exposure to live AC power line.

0068Regardless, using the AC current transformer 31T in between two structured, tested and certified live AC line terminals, shown in Fig.7C as line 8A and line 8B can be used with the present invention for incorporating the current sensor output with the control and communication circuits 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR shown in Figs.llA-llD.

0069The relay control and communication circuits are all shown in Figs.llA~llD with the toroidal coil 31, because with proper amplification and hum canceling program the CPU 30 of the control circuit canreliablyoperate andidentifythe current drainthrough the AC wire 8 passing through the toroidal 31 core. However the "C" core 31A with its coil 31B, and as explained above, the current transformer 31T or any other structured coil assembly that can generate output signal in response to current drain in wires 8, 8A or 8B shown in Figs.7A~7E can be used instead.

0070Since both the SPDT and the DPDT relays are connected to dual traveler lines with only one of which may drain the AC current, it is possible to use a passage through a coil for the two traveler electrical wires. Such larger passage will either reduce the sensing sensitivity or will increase the coil size substantially.

0071Alternatively, it is possible to provide Lwo current sensing coils, one for each traveler but which will increase the cost of the device. In all cases since only one relay is needed and introduced into the cascading switches, zhe single wire feeding the AC live line or the single wire leading to the AC live terminal of theappliance is thepreferredembodiment ofthepresent invention for the current sensor.

0072Fig.7D shows a current sensor and communicator unit 4, that is also termed hereafter as an AC outlet or as "outlets series 4", having a passage through its plastic constructed body, that is fully insulated from AC live lines and/or AC live terminals, forprovidingafullyinsulatedpassageforanheavygaugedinsulated standard electric wire 8 through the incorporated current sensing coil, shown as toroidal coil 31. The built in control and communication circuit for the current sensor and communicator 4 of the outlets series 4 is identical with the circuits 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR shown m Figs .11A-11D, with the exception of the relay driver , which is not used. All other circuits including the indicator driver circuit 38 are used. As shown in Fig.7D the current sensor and communicator unit 4 includes indicators for indicating the current passing status.

0073Fig.7E shows a practical simple use of the current sensor and communicator unit 4 in the home automation system, wherein the live AC wire passing through the coil 31 of the current sensor and communicator 4+6WP is connected to a standard AC outlet 3 through the outlet live terminal 9. Bysuch simpIe interconnection the current sensor and communicator 4+6WP can accurately indicate through the indicators 18 when the status of AC appliance that is powered via the AC outlet 3 is on or off. Further the current sensor and communicator 4+6WP communicates the on or off status to the home automation controller, or the video interphone or the shopping terminal of the home automation system, via the network 1OP or via the network 10 for the AC outlet 4+6W, or via the IR or RF network by the AC outlets 4+6IR and 4+6RF, as the case may be .

0074The relays 6D-WP and 6E-WP shown in Figs.8A and 8B are controlled through a wired communication network via the terminal 1OP that carries the DC power for powering the control and communicator circuit 6WP. Similar to the relays 6-WP and 6C-WP shown in Figs .4A and 4B the relay 6D-WP and 6E-WP are connected and operated the same way, with the exception of the passing of a live insulated AC power wire through an insulated passage 3 IP and through the current sensing coil (not shown) , but which is same as the coil

007531 passage shown m Fig.7E. By this the on-off status of the connected appliance can be communicated to the main controller via the network 1OP. As explained above, in systems that the wired communication lines cannot carry or feed the DC power, the relay control and communication circuit 6W shown in Fig. HA will be used instead. For power connection the relay control and communication circuit 6W uses separate connector, shown as a connector or terminal 11 m Fig. HA. The connector or terminal 11 is not shown m Figs .8A and. 8B, but is shown m Figs.9A, 9B, 1OA and 1OB.

0076Outside the power terminal 11, Figs .9A and 9B show the relays 6D-IR and 6E-IR that are identical in their electrical switching and current sensing to the relays 6D-WP and 6E-WP of Figs .8A and 8B. The main difference is m the control and communication circuit 6IRof Fig. HD. As shown mFig. HD thewiredcommunication circuits 37 or 37P are replaced with an IR TX and LPF circuit

007732 and with IR TX driver circuit 33 for providing two way IR communication for operating the relays 6D-IR and 6E- IR and for generating on-off status pertaining the connected appliance. The control and communication circuit 6IR is poweredvia terminals or connector H that can be connected in cascading chain with other relays series 6 to a master power supply such as the power supply connector or terminals 68-11 of the power supply circuit 68 of the communication driver and power supply 60IR shown in Fig.13B, or it can be powered individually by a given power supply or by an AC adaptor, or by a battery or by a rechargeable battery and the like.

0078Figs .1OA and 1OB show the relays 6D-RFand 6E-RF that are identical with the relays 6D-IR and 6E-IR shown in Figs .9A and 9B, with the exception of the communication circuit 39 of the control and communication circuit 6RF shown in Fig. HC.

0079The relays 6D-RF and 6E-RF communicate via RF wireless network through the transceiver, coder and LPF circuit 39 and through the antenna 22 shown as attached to the plastic cover 15 that is used for covering the relays 6D-RF or 6E-RF that are installed into a standard electrical box 14. The antenna 22 is connected to the antenna socket 20 of the relay 6D-RF or 6E-RF using the antenna plug 21 shown in Figs .1OA and 1OB. It becomes clear from the illustrated and explained circuits that the SPDT relays 6D-W, 6D-WP, 6D-IR and 6D-RF and that the DPDT relays 6E-W, 6E-WP, 6E-IR and 6E-RF can be connected to a commonly used SPDT electrical switches and to a cascading commonly used SPDT or SPDT and DPDT electrical switches via travelers lines and remotely switch the appliances on off, by switching over the pole position of the SPDT relays and/or connecting straight or cross (reversing) the traveler lines by the DPDT relays. It is also clear that the relays series 6 can be controlled via communication lines including wired network, IR network and RF network and that the relays series 6 are constructed in shape and sizes that fit standard electrical wall boxes and can be mounted next to standard size switches, covered by identical switch cover that fits the switches frame, shape, cover color, design and the like. Moreover, the common wiring used m homes and buildings with only two Λrires for the on-off switching of lights and appliances can be used as is for any of the add-on relays series 6 and for the outlets series 4.

0080The relays and their control and communication circuits and indicators can be powered via the wired communication lines 1OP, or separately via power supply terminals or connector 11 using common power supply of individual power supplies, power adaptors, viabatteπesorrechargeablebatteries and/orbyanyothercommonly available and well known DC supply options.

0081Further, according to the present invention the use of the SPDT relay 6D-W, 6D-WP, 6D-IR or 6D-RF and the DPDT relay 6E-W, 6E-WP, 6E-IR or 6E-RF can provide verifiable data as to the appliance on-off status using the current sensing coil 31 or 31A/31B or 31T or other coils. The relays 6D-W, 6D-WP, 6D-IR and 6D-RF and 6E-W, 6E-WP, 6E-IR and 6E-RF can therefore be used in unlimited applications for remotely controlling appliances in apartments, offices or houses or m any building, providing the operator of the system with verifiable on-off status and that such home automationsystemwill be reliable for remote control of appliances from far, such as through the Internet.

0082The relaycontrol and communication circuits shown inFigs .11A-11D include four different circuit combinations 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR that are used individually with a given relay unit of the relays series 6 or the outlets series 4. The outlets series 4 do not include the relay driver 36 in any of the four outlet versions discussed 4+6W, 4 +6WP, 4 +6RF and 4+6IR. All the relay control and communication circuit discussed consist of the basic central processing unit (CPU) 30 that includes the shown memory 3OA. All the four shown circuits provide a relay driver 36 for driving the relay's coil 6L (not used with the outlet unit series 4) , indicator driver 38 for driving a single LED indicator 18 or up to n LED indicators 18-n, current sensor coil 31 and n number of digital switches 34-1 to 34-n for setting a code, an I .D or an address for each of the relays series 6 or the AC outlets series 4 of the home automation system. Thecode, I .D or anaddress can be set and stored in the non volatile system memory 3OA, using well known programs such as XlO , Zigbee or other well known home automation programs via the networks and the circuits connecting the networks to the CPU 30 or via a programmed PC, however the digital switches 34 are specifically shown here, to emphasize that for a simplified, easy to install and connect home automation system, the shown rotary digital switches provide error free addressing that can be set and corrected (when wrongly set) by electricians that do not command the high tech skills needed for programming of addresses .

0083For example, theshowndigital switch 34 -leanbeused for addressing a room or other given area in the house or apartment. In this example the switch 34-1 may be a rotary selector switch l~0, and the selection of 1-9 can be the addressing of rooms or areas 1-9, while the "0" (zero) setting may be an addressing to "all" or to "none" .

0084The other digital switch34-nshowncanbeusedtoselect appliances address from 1-9 per each addressed area and the zero setting maybe ;or example a recall to all the appliances in the addressed room or area, for commanding all the appliances to a pie-programmed "preset", or to switch off all the appliances (in the addressed room or area) .

0085As will be explained later, the simplicity in setting singular digitaddressforaroomandforanappliances , withsuchcombmations cover up to 91 appliances m a given house, apartment or office, does practically over cover the need of day to day residence andofficereality . Ofcourse iftheneedarisesforlargerselection, dual digital switches 34 can be used for example, for up to 99 rooms and areas, as well as up 99 appliances per room or area. Even though such combinationprovide for a total of 9801 appliances in the system, the address will be limited to only four digits. If the home system is addressed from one central location to a whole apartment building a simple addition of up to, for example, three additional rotary switches 34 enables the addressing of up to 999 apartments, etc. As stated above, when a more complex addressing is neeαed, the system memory 30A can be used instead of the digital switches 34, which are not required and are not used when the addresses are programmed and stored in the memory 3OA.

0086The preferred embodiment uses for practical reasons two rotary digital switches as explained above The roLary switches preferablyusmgscrewdrivertype selectorsetting, arepreferably accessed through the front surface of the relays series 6 or the outlets series 4, such that the electrician installing the system can see the rotary switches 34 by removing the plastic cover 15 (as shown for example in Figs 8A and 8B) and thus set and verify the address of each relay and outlet unit without the need to remove the relay or the outlet unit from the electrical box 14. This same simplicity insetting keypads such as the keypads 40WP, 40IL and 40RF shown in Figs.l3A-13C and 14A, 14B, 15A and 15B, that will be explained later, only enhances the importance of the simplified address setting of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0087The communication and the power extracting circuit 37P of the relay control and communication circuit 6WP shown m Fig. HB is a well known circuit fully explained m the referenced US patent No.5, 923, 353 for feeding power and propagating array of signals includingaudio, video, control, commandsandalarmsignals via signal transmission line. The significance of the power and signal propagation over the same transmission line is the current control circuit for feeding regulated current to the relay control and communicator 6WP. Regulated current supply ensures that no signal will be corrupted by voltage variation due to change of load, such as by the driving of the relay coil, the indicators and other load variations. The extracted DC current is fed to the central processing circuit (CPU) 30 and to all the circuits connected the CPU 30, with the CPU 30 is programmed to control the load current to a fix constant load.

0088The two way data comprising of the address, the on-off commands, preset commands, and other commands specifically tailored for a givenappliance andthe returnconfirmation of executed commands, on-off status, AC current levels such as sleep mode or any other AC current variation as programmed can be generated by the CPU 30 in response to commands or to inquiries.

0089Any type of data signal can be used, such as standard RS232, RS422, RS485, USB and any other data formats and protocols used for propagating information, control, alarm and commands via bus lines and/or other networks.

0090It is clear from the above that the relay control and communication circuit 6WP incorporated into the relays 6 -WP, 6C-WP, 6D-WP and 6E-WP can be operated and powered via a transmission line 1OP carrying DC power and two way data signal.

0091The outlet 4+6WP shown m Fig 7E does not incorporate a relay driver 36 nor relay, and the programmed CPU 30 does not need to drive the relay in response to on-off command, that is in essence an inquiry about the AC current drain and the status of an appliance powered via an AC outlet 3, such as shown in

0092Fig.7E, which is fed its AC live line via the AC outlet unit 4+6WP, also shown m Fig 13A.

0093lhe relay control and communication circuit 6W shown in Fig. HA is identical to the relay control and communication circuit 6WP with the exception of the power supplyandpower feed. The terminal or connector 10 and the two way wired data driver 37 do not provide for power extracting, nor the feeding of power. Accordingly the relay control and communication circuit 6W is powered through the connector or terminal 11. As explained, many different power supplies or power sources can be used, including batteries, or rechargeable batteries . Same powering as explained for the relay units 6-W, 6C-W, SD-W and 6E-W applies to the relays series 6 and to the outlet series 4 incorporating the relay control and communicator 6W, 6RF or 6IR that are poweredvia the power connector or terminal 11 as shown in Figs. HA, HC and HD.

0094The relay control and communication circuit 6RF is identical to 6W with the exception of the wireless transceiver 39 and its antenna 22, that replaces the two way wired data driver 37 and connector or terminal 10, shown xn Fig. HA. The OOK/FSK/ASK and other mode transceiver, coder & LPF circuit 39 that are well known circuits, provided m the market in large variety of ICs, incorporating the whole circuit on a single chip and at a low cost. Further details of such wireless transceiver circuit are explained in the referenced US applications 11/024,233 dated 12.28.2004 and 11/509,315 dated 08 24 2006

0095Otherwise, the controls, commands and the propagated data using wireless network _s identical with the propagated data via the wired network 10, to include on-off commands, status reply and any other data, control and commands as programmed for the wired network 10, which all can be applied and used for and by the wireless network as described above.

0096The relay control and communication circuit 6IR shown m Fig. HD is similar to 6RF and 6W with the exception of the IR RX 32 with its photo diode or photo transistor 12 and the IR TX driver with its IR LED 13. As shown m Figs.9A and 9B the IR receiver 12 and IR transmitter 13 occupy the position of two indicators 18 provided m the relays 6D-WP, 6E-WP, 6D-RF and 6E-RF By this the indicator 18 m Fig. HD is shown as single indicator, but it can be multi color indicator or alternatively more indicators can be introduced to any of the relays or the outlets series of the present invention. Otherwise the relay control and communication circuit 6IR of Fig. HD is operating, controlling, propagating data and communicating as programmed for the wired network 10 and/or the RF wireless network described above. Of course the IR network is limited to an unobstructed optical path, and requires repeaters within the house, apartment, office or the building

0097As shown m Fig 13B the IR network includes two way IR repeater 70, which can be mounted on ceiling or onto walls (wall mount version not shown) . The repeater shown is fed via wired network such as network 10 or 1OP, but similar repeater with wireless receiver for converting the received RF wireless data into IR data is described in details in the above referred to application 11/509,315.

0098Further, while each of the shown relay control and communication circuits 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR includes specific network, such as wired network 10, wired network with power feed 1OP, wireless network and IR network, it is possible and on many instances necessary to combine two or three networks into one relay assembly such as 6E-WP+RF+IR.

0099The CPU 30 can process such separate input and output data from the separate networks and provide greater flexibility, particularly when wired network cannot be extended, or when direct optical path is impossible, similarly, different networks are needed for providing two separate controllers within the house, apartment , office or building to operate and/or communicate with the same relays series 6 or outlets series 4 For this reason the relays series 6 of the present invention can be provided withacombmationofcircuitsforaccommodatmgvarietyofnetworks including wired, wireless RF and IR.

0100The relay controller and communication circuits 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR can be used with other home automation devices such as motion detectors ormagnetic door switches (not shown) that operate alarm systems and/or for switching on the lights and/or can be introduced into temperature or humidity controllers (not shown) for switching air conditioners on-off . For some of those devices the current sensor 31, the relay driver 36 including the relay coil 6L and/or the indicator driver 38 are not needed and not used. This reduces the physical size of the circuit into a very small printed circuit board (PCB) that can be simple to introduce into magnetic switch assembly or motion detector or it can be installed into the electrical box 14 in a similar enclosure, shape or size as the outlets series 4 or any of the relays series 6 with all the optional variations such as IR and/or RF.

0101Similar IR TX 32, IR RX 33 and RP transceiver 39 circuits can be used with IR or RF repeaters/drivers for operating different A/V, background music, air conditioners and other appliances m conjunction with and for operating the relays series 6 and the AC outlets series 4 Such as the ceiling mount IR driver 70 shown m Fig 13B, which communicate two way IR data inside a given room for enabling an IR network segment to operate within the room interior's optical paths.

0102The shown ceiling mounted IR driver 70 uses the circuit 6WP of Fig. HB for its data and power feed but the circuit does not include the relay driver 36, the relay coil 6L and the current sensor 31. Another difference is in the IR TX driver 33 that drives four IR LEDs 13, directed to cover the whole room from the room's ceiling center. The IR receiver is shown in Fig.l3B as a photo diode or photo transistor 12 (which is connected to the IR RX and LPF 32 of Fig. HD) does not show the IR pass filter 12A, but the IRphoto transistor 12 of the IR driver 70 is protected from other light sources by the IR filter 12A, precisely as shown m Fig. HD. Similarly all the IR receivers used with the relays 6-IR, 6C-IR, 6D-IRand6E-IRandtheACoutletsseries4 incorporating IR receiver employ the IR pass filter 12A such as shown in Figs .9A and 9B.

0103The Keypads 40WP, 40IR and 40RF shown in Figs .13A-13C, 14A, 14B, 15A and 15B incorporate circuits similar to the circuit 6WP with the variations described above and as used for the IR driver

010470, with the exception that the CPU 41 shown in Figs.l4A, 14B,

010515A and 15B includes n number of indicator drivers, n number of key inputs anά n number of inputs for n groups of digital rotary switch 34-1 ~ 34-n.

0106Shown m Fig.12 is an home automation distributor and power supply 60 for distributing regulated current to the different devices of the wired network 1OP, including relays series 6, outlet series 4, IR and RF drivers, keypads, motion detectors, magnetic switches and other communication devices using the same data, commands, controls and status information as described above. Further the distributor and power supply 60 processes and propagate the information (data, commands, control and status) to and from thehomeautomationcontroller, thevideo interphoneorthe shopping terminal 82.

0107As described in the referenced US patent application 11/509 , 315 , the one o£ the advantages of using the video interphones or the shopping terminals for controlling the home automation is the ability to create fixed indexes or protocols for the different commands and status reports, which enable the use of a simple common, low cost remote control device for operating diverse appliances of the system. The common indexes are processed by and recorded into the memory of the home automation controller, thevideomterphoneortheshoppingterminal 82and/orareinstalled into the memories 62 and 63 of the distributor and power supply 60ofFig.l2, indexedto the different room/areas andtheappliances addresses .

0108For thehome automation systemof the present invention therefore, a common low cost, two way hand held remote control device can beusedforoperatmgtelevision, DVD, A/V, hometheater , background music and all the explained home automation electrical appliances includinglighting, aircondition, alarmandothers, incombmation with the operation and the status indication through the hand held remote control devices Such low cost remote control device for the house, apartment, office or building is realized by the use of two-way IR communication, m combination with the shown ceiling mounted IR driver 70 of Fig 13B. Because of species particulars of the two-way IR hand held remote control and the construction of the IR driver 70 cannot be incorporated into this patent application, they are concurrently applied for a separate US patent.

0109The distributor and power supply 60 can be used with any of the relay control and communicator circuits 6W, 6WP, 6RF and 6IR and with any of the circuits as used for outlets 4+6W, 4+6WP, 4+6IR and 4+6RF snown in Figs.l3A~13C and with other devices such as magnetic contacts, thermostat and motion detectors (not shown) , the IR driver 70 shown in Fig.l3B and the keypads shown inFigs.l4A, 14B, 15Aandl5B. UsmgthewirednetworklOPconnected to the wired data driver and power circuit 69P of the distributor and power supply 60 enables the distributor to communicate with and feed the power to the connected devices.

0110Other devices, such as the relays 6C-W or 6E-W, can be connected to the wired network 10 of the wired data driver 69, but be powered separately via individual power supply, or directly from the power supply 68 via the power terminal or connector 68-11. The RF or IR devices shown m Figs.l3B and 13C can communicate two way directly with the distributor and power supply 60IR and 60RF via the RF transceiver 39 and the antenna 22, or via the IR TX 33 and IR RX 32 through the respective IR LED 13 and the photo diode or the photo transistor 12 and/or via the IR driver 70 of Fig 13B. Similarly the RF devices can communicate with RF drivers and RF repeaters that are not shown, but are fully explained mthe referencedUS patent application 11/509, 315 Tαe connected RF or IR devices can be powered through the power supply 68 via the power connector or terminal 68-11, or via separate power supply, power adaptor, battery, and/or rechargeable battery

0111The two way data processor 80 of the distributor and power supply shown in Fig.12 communicate the received commands and status to the home automation controller, the video interphone or the shoppmgtermmal 82viatheconnectorortermmal βlandcommunicate with the connected relays series 6 or AC outlets 4 and other (not shown) devices through the wired network drivers 69, 69P, the RF driver 39 and the IR driver 33 with commands and controls to operate the relays and the appliances.

0112The codes memory 62 and the system memory 63 are installed with all the data pertaining the system, such as the addresses including room/area and the appliance number addresses, the indexing of all commands and a lookup table for converting the communicated indexes to the selected appliance operating commands, suchlookup table enables the use of a common hand held two way remote control device (not shown) to operate the entire home automation system Further, the USB driver 64 shown in Fig.12 can be connected via USB connector 65 to a PC 66 that is downloaded with a special designed program that includes the command codes, addresses, indexes and other data pertaining the system, downloaded from thehomeautomationcontroller, thevideointerphoneortheshopping terminal 82. By this setup the distributor and power supply 60 enables a resident of an apartment or a house or the manager and the personnel of an office to remotely connect to the PC 66 (via the Internet 67) and receive appliances status including alarm in process, and/or generate controls and commands for operating the electrical appliances such as switching on or off the water boiler, the air condition and similar.

0113Figs.l3A, 13B and 13C show examples of home automation system network, with Fig,13A showing wired twisted pair network IOP connected in cascaded twistedpair chain for connecting the relays 6D-WP, 6E-WP, the outlet 4+6WP and the keypad 40WP, which is shown in Fig.l4B in more details and will be explained later.

0114The wired network 1OP similar to the wired network 10 and to the IR or RF network that are shown in Figs .13B and 13C communicate the two way information to the home automation controller, the video interphone or the shopping terminal 82 shown in Fig.12 at random or at a controlled time, using token passing mechanism generated by the CPU 61 of the distributor and power supply 60 of Fig.12 or the home automation controller 82. The distributor and the power supply 60 is shown to incorporate all the four discussed networks, the wired network and power feed 1OP, the wired network 10, the IR and the RF network. Alternatively the distributor and power supply 6OW (not shown) can incorporate the driver circuit 69 only for feeding up to n wired networks via the connectors 10-1 ~ 10 -n, or the distributor and power supply 60WP may incorporate the driver circuit 69P only for n wired networks with power feed 1OP via connectors lOP-1 ~ lOP-n. The distributor and power supply 60IR can incorporate only the RX and TX circuits 32 and 33 for operating an IR network and the distributor and power supply 60RF can incorporate only the transceiver circuit 39 for operating the wireless network, as shown in Figs .13A-13C.

0115Accordingly, Fig.13B shows similar home automation system, using the IR driver 70 to communicate two way IR commands and data. If the distributor and power supply 60IR can be installed in location that is optically accessed by the relays, the outlet and the keypad, the use of the IR driver will not be necessary. The IR driver 70 is shown connected via the wired twisted pair network 10, because it does not have a direct optical access to the IR receiver 12 and the IR transmitter 13. In this case the distributor and power supply 60IR shown does incorporate the wired network driver 69 in addition to the IR RX 32 and IR TX 33.

0116Fig.13C shows the distributor and power supply 60RF for providing RF network via the antennas 22 including the matching antennas 22 of the relays 6D-RF and 6E-RF, of the outlet 4+6RF and of the keypad 40RF, which is shown in Fig.15a and explained later. From the shown networks and distribution it become clear that the present invention canbe operated via wired, IR and RF networks and any combinations thereof.

0117As explained above the different networks, independently or combined provide for the devices on the network to communicate randomly, or in organized timing using token passing mechanism. The relatively slov/ speed data, and the non frequent incidents of communicating on-off command and appliances status, makes a continuous roundthe clocktokenpassingmechanismanunnecessary activity over the network.

0118Therefore, the preferred embodiment of the present invention uses signal sensing mechanism for permitting the devices to communicate only when no signal is present for a duration of nmilli seconds. Such delays in communicating non frequent short commands and status data, does not affect the efficiency and the speed needed for the operating of the home automation of the present invention. However, any type of well known token passing mechanism, program and circuit and/or any well known program and signal sensing circuit can be used to communicate data, control, command and status on the different networks of the present invention. The keypads 4OW, 40WP, 40RF and 40IR shown in Figs.l4A, 14B, 15A and 15B employ essentially the same circuits employed and described above for all the other devices of home automation system of the present invention. The shown CPU 41 and the system memory 4 IA are similar to the CPU 30 andmemory 3 OA of Figs .1IA-IID. The digital rotary switches 34-1 ~ 34-n and the circuits 37 for the wired network 10, 37P for the wired network and power feed 1OP, 32 and 33 for the IR network and 39 for the RF network are identical circuits with the shown circuits for the relays, the AC outlets and for all other devices sucn as add-on circuit for motion detectors, magnetic switch, humidity and temperature control and others as explained above , all shown in Figs .11A-11D .

0119The keypads or key panels 40 are an essence an array of switches and indicators for mounting onto standard electrical boxes, such as shown as box 14 in Figs.4A and 4B, or on walls or incorporated into a table top case (not s.iown) , powered, for example, by a battery and communicate via IR and/or RF similar to a remote control device. Several keypads can be installed for example in kitchens, dinning room, entrance and main bedroom etc, or m offices main entrance and/or in the manager room of an office

0120Thebasickeyfunctions are to switchonandofflights andappliances m the home, apartment, office or building, and indicate the lightsortheappliancesonoffstatus . Forthisreasonthepreferred embodiment of the present invention uses the two digital rotary switches 34-1 and 34-n for assigning an address to each individual key, enabling the user to select whichkey will operate and monitor (via the key's indicator) a given appliance status.

0121Each shown key 49 is grouped into a group 42 shown as groups 42-1 ~ 42-n m a dashed line boxes, containing indicator 48 and the twoormorementioneddigital switches 34 -1 ~34-n. Asexplamed above, the digital switches 34 shown as rotary switches, are the preferred embodiment of the present invention, because they provide for simple user assignment of eachkey to a given appliance . However any number or type of digital, binary and other switches including well known DIP switches can be used. Similarly each key can be assigned an address by installing the codeb into the memory 4 IAvia thehome automationcontroller, thevideo interphone or the shopping terminal 82 shown m Fig.12, or directly from a PC incorporating such program for installing addresses to the memories 3OA, 41A, 62 and 63 shown in Figs .1IA-HA, 12, 14A, 14B, 15Aandl5D. Thepreferredembodimentalsoprovide for several keys, for example 3 keys, to operate the same appliance, such as air condition, with one key function as on-off switch, the other two for temperature up and temperature down. Only one set of digital switches 34 is needed for all the three keys, assigned to one appliance of the example, for switching the air condition on-off and adjusting the temperature up-down.

0122The function of the indicator 48 shown in each key group 42, similar to the indicators 18 shown for the add-on relays series

01236 and the AC outlets series 4, are varied. The indicators 18 and 48 can be multi color LED indicator such as the well known red-green-orange LEDs . The indicators can be programmed, for example, to flash green when command is processed, or flashed red to indicate that other commands are currently processed. The indicator can light green to show appliance is off, red for appliance is on and yellow, for example, that the appliance is m a sleep mode. In the case of operating an air conditioner bythe three keys 49mentionedabove , the temperature down indicator can be green, the temperature up indicator can be orange or red, or changing from orange (warm) to red (hot) . It is also possible to use several LED indicators or the well known LCD indicators (not shown) to show the actual temperature setting, instead of the LED indicators 48.

0124Each of the shown keypads 4OW in Fig.l4A, 40WP in Fig.l4B, 40RF m Fig.15A and 40IR in Fig.15B, incorporate the specif ic circuits for a specific network such a circuit 37 for wirednetwork, circuit

012537P for wired network 1OP with power extractor, circuit 39 for wireless network and circuits 32 and 33 for IR network. However it is possible to include all the four circuits into single keypad for having a common keypad 40 communicating via any of the networks and powered through the network.

0126Further, it is possible to include the power supply 68, the two way data processor 80 and the USB driver 64 shown in Fig.12 to the keypad and transform the keypad 40 into keypad, distributor and power supply 40-60 (not shown) for mounting into anelectrical box 14 , suchas shown inPigs .4Aand 4B andreduceby such arrangement the number of devices of the system.

0127It is clear from the explanations above, that an add-on SPDT and DPDT relays of the relays series 6 and AC outlets series 4 of the present invention provide a simple method and apparatus for introducinghome automationalongside the commonlyusedmanual switches and the two only used electrical wires, offering simple low cost local and remote operation, in conjunction with video interphone or shopping terminals or with similar home automation controller and remote operation via the Internet , using PC and/or PDA devices, and receive updated status from the system locally via indicators, or through the video interphone or the shopping terminals display, and remotely through a PC or PDA devices

0128It is also clear that a direct AC exposure is limited to the relay's contacts, while all the surrounding circuits are low voltage or battery operated circuits that are not subject to the very costly testing procedures even though they need the approvals by the certifying organizations such as UL, VDE, UTV and the like.

0129It is also clear that the relays, the outlets and other connected devices canbe installed into standardelectrical boxes, be covered by covers that are used for the mechanical/manual switches of theordinaryelectπcalsysteminplace, providingmatchmgdesign, color and finish, without obstructing the interiors and architecture design. It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the example of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of the disclosure, which modifications do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.