Automobile and method for charging automobile

TECHNICAL FIELD

0001The present invention relates a vehicle and a method of charging the vehicle, and particularly to a technique for supplying electric power from an external power supply to a power storage mechanism mounted in the vehicle for charging.

BACKGROUND ART

0002Conventionally, a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle and a fuel-cell vehicle using an electric motor as a driving source has been known. Such a vehicle is provided with a power storage mechanism such as a battery for storing electric power supplied to the electric motor. The electric power generated during regenerative braking or generated by a power generator mounted in the vehicle is stored in the battery.

0003There are also some vehicles in which electric power is supplied from a power supply external to the vehicle such as a household power supply to the battery mounted in the vehicle for charging the battery. The outlet disposed on the house is coupled to the connector provided on the vehicle via a cable to supply electric power from the household power supply to the battery of the vehicle. The vehicle having a battery mounted therein and charged by the power supply provided external to the vehicle is hereinafter also referred to as a plug-in vehicle.

0004The standards of the plug-in vehicle are defined in "Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System General Requirements "(Non-Patent Document 1) in Japan and in "SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler" (Non-Patent Document 2) in the United States.

0005By way of example, "Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System General Requirements" and "SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler" define the standards regarding a control pilot. The control pilot has a function of transmitting a square wave signal (hereinafter also referred to as a pilot signal) from an oscillator to a control pilot line, to thereby indicate to the vehicle that an EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) can supply energy (electric power). The EVSE is an apparatus for connecting an external power supply to the vehicle. For example, when the plug of the EVSE is connected to the power supply external to the vehicle and the connector of the EVSE is connected to the connector provided on the vehicle, a pilot signal is output. In accordance with the pulse width of the pilot signal, the plug-in vehicle is notified of the capacity of the current that can be supplied. When the pilot signal is detected, the plug-in vehicle prepares to start the charging operation (closing the relay, and the like).

0006The general power supply voltage for household use is 100V in Japan. However, the power supply voltage may be 200V, for example, in industrial facilities. Furthermore, the plug-in vehicle is also used in countries other than Japan. In the countries other than Japan, the power supply voltage for household use may be a voltage other than 100V. Accordingly, it is desirable that power supplies of various standards can be applied for charging of the plug-in vehicle.

0007Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="JP10285819A"><text>10-285819</text></patcit> (Patent Document 1) discloses a charging apparatus including a voltage converting unit converting the voltage of the input electric power input from the outside to generate a direct-current (DC) electric power of a desired voltage and supplying the generated DC electric power to a battery; a voltage characteristic setting unit setting, for the voltage converting unit, a voltage characteristic in which the DC electric power supplied to the battery is less than or equal to a given maximum value; and a maximum value assigning unit receiving an instruction from the outside and, in response to the instruction, assigning a predetermined maximum value to the voltage characteristic setting unit.

0008According to the charging apparatus disclosed in this document, the maximum value of the charging electric power supplied to the battery is set to a predetermined value in accordance with the instruction given from the outside. Accordingly, the upper limit of the input electric power that is input for charging can be set to a desired value. <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="JP10285819A"><text>10-285819</text></patcit></li><li>Non-Patent Document 1: "Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System General Requirements", Japan Electric Vehicle Association Standards (Japan Electric Vehicle Standard), March 29, 2001</li><li>Non-Patent Document 2: "SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler" (the United States), SAE Standards, SAE International, November 2001</li></ul>

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

0009Neither "Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System General Requirements" nor "SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler" discloses how to accommodate power supplies of various standards. Also in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="JP10285819A"><text>10-285819</text></patcit>, the allowable current and the like for the apparatus (EVSE and the like) connecting the external power supply to the vehicle are not taken into consideration. Therefore, there is a need for further improvement for normally charging the power storage mechanism mounted in the vehicle.

0010An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle in which a power storage mechanism can be normally charged and a method of charging the vehicle.

MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

0011A vehicle according to an aspect has a power storage mechanism storing electric power supplied from an external power supply through a coupling unit that outputs a signal indicating a value of a current which can be supplied. This vehicle includes a charger that is connected to the coupling unit and controls a value of a current supplied to the power storage mechanism, and a control unit. The control unit calculates a first charging current value in accordance with a state of the power storage mechanism, calculates a second charging current value in accordance with the value of the current which can be supplied by the coupling unit, sets a smaller one of the first charging current value and the second charging current value as a third charging current value, and controls the charger such that a value of a current supplied from the charger to the power storage mechanism is equal to the third charging current value.

0012According to this configuration, the coupling unit outputs a signal indicating the value of the current that can be supplied. The power storage mechanism stores the electric power supplied from the external power supply through the coupling unit. The value of the current supplied to the power storage mechanism is controlled by the charger to which the coupling unit is connected. The smaller one of the first charging current value calculated in accordance with the state of the power storage mechanism and the second charging current value calculated in accordance with the value of the current that can be supplied by the coupling unit is set as a third charging current value. The charger is controlled such that the value of the current supplied from the charger to the power storage mechanism is equal to the third charging current value. Consequently, in consideration of the value of the current that can be supplied by the coupling unit along with the state of the power storage mechanism, it becomes possible to control the output electric power value of the charger having the coupling unit connected thereto. Accordingly, the value of the current supplied through the coupling unit can be prevented from exceeding the capacity of the coupling unit. Furthermore, in the case where the current that can be supplied by the external power supply is limited by the breaker and the like, the breaker can be prevented from tripping. As a result, the power storage mechanism can be normally charged.

0013Preferably, the control unit limits the third charging current value to a threshold value or less.

0014According to this configuration, the third charging current value, that is, the output current value of the charger, is limited to a threshold value or less. This allows the electric power supplied from the power supply to fall within the range of the capacity of the power supply.

0015Further preferably, the control unit limits the third charging current value to a threshold value or more.

0016According to this configuration, the third charging current value, that is, the output current value of the charger, is limited to a threshold value or more. Consequently, for example, the value of the current supplied through the coupling unit to the charger can be set to "0A" or more, with the result that the power storage mechanism can be prevented from being accidentally discharged.

0017Further preferably, the control unit corrects the third charging current value.

0018According to this configuration, the third charging current value is corrected. This allows the output current value of the charger to be precisely set.

0019Further preferably, the control unit corrects the third charging current value to be decreased.

0020According to this configuration, the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased. Consequently, the output current value of the charger can be prevented from being excessively increased.

0021Further preferably, in a case where a value of a current supplied from the power supply is greater than the value of the current which can be supplied by the coupling unit, the control unit corrects the third charging current value to be decreased.

0022According to this configuration, in the case where the value of the current supplied from the power supply is greater than the value of the current which can be supplied by the coupling unit, the third charging current value is decreased. This allows the output current value of the charger to be decreased. Accordingly, the value of the current supplied through the coupling unit can be prevented from exceeding the capacity of the coupling unit, with the result that the power storage mechanism can be normally charged.

0023Further preferably, the vehicle further includes a voltage sensor that detects a voltage of the power supply within the vehicle. In a case where the detected voltage is less than a predetermined voltage, the control unit corrects the third charging current value to be decreased.

0024According to this configuration, in the case where the voltage of the power supply detected within the vehicle is less than the predetermined voltage, it can be said that there may be some fault. Thus, the third charging current value, that is, the output current value of the charger is decreased, which allows reduction of damage to the system of the vehicle.

0025Further preferably, in a case where a correction amount of the third charging current value is greater than a threshold value, the control unit stops charging the power storage mechanism.

0026According to this configuration, in the case where the correction amount of the third charging current value is greater than the threshold value, the charging is stopped. Accordingly, for example, since the correction amount of the third charging current value is greater than the initial value of the third charging current value, the third charging current value may be a negative value, that is, the charging of the power storage mechanism cannot be continued. In this case, the charging can be stopped.

0027Further preferably, the control unit corrects the third charging current value to be increased.

0028According to this configuration, the third charging current value is corrected to be increased. Accordingly, in the case where the output current value of the charger is relatively small, the current value can be increased.

0029Further preferably, in a case where a value of a current supplied from the power supply is less than the value of the current which can be supplied by the coupling unit, the control unit corrects the third charging current value to be increased.

0030According to this configuration, in the case where the value of the current supplied from the power supply is less than the value of the current which can be supplied by the coupling unit, the third charging current value is increased. Accordingly, in the case where the value of the current supplied from the power supply is less than the value of the current which can be supplied by the coupling unit, the value of the current can be increased. Consequently, the capacity of the coupling unit can be fully utilized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0031<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> is a diagram of an electrical system of a hybrid vehicle.</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> is a diagram of a charging cable.</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> is a diagram of the state of charge (SOC) of each of a first battery pack and a second battery pack.</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> is a diagram of the relationship between the SOC and the voltage value.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> is a functional block diagram of an ECU according to a first embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 6</figref> is a flowchart illustrating a control structure of a program executed by the ECU according to the first embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> is a functional block diagram of the ECU according to a second embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref> is a flowchart illustrating the control structure of the program executed by the ECU according to the second embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Fig. 9</figref> is a functional block diagram of the ECU according to a third embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0008">Fig. 10</figref> is a flowchart illustrating the control structure of the program executed by the ECU according to the third embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0009">Fig. 11</figref> is a functional block diagram of the ECU according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0010">Fig. 12</figref> is a flowchart illustrating the control structure of the program executed by the ECU according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.</li></ul>

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

0032The embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same components are designated by the same reference characters. Names and functions thereof are the same, and therefore, description thereof will not be repeated.

First Embodiment

0033Referring to <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>, the hybrid vehicle corresponding to a vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be hereinafter described. This hybrid vehicle has an engine 100, an MG (Motor Generator) 200, an inverter 300, a first converter 410, a second converter 420, a first battery pack 510, a second battery pack 520, a charger 600, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 1000. It is to be noted that ECU 1100 may be divided into a plurality of ECUs. The hybrid vehicle runs by driving force from at least one of engine 100 and MG 200. In place of the hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, a fuel-cell vehicle and the like which run only by the driving force of MG 200 may be applied.

0034MG 200 serves as a three-phase alternating-current (AC) motor. MG 200 carries out a drive operation by the electric power stored in first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520. The electric power converted from a direct current into an alternating current by inverter 300 is supplied to MG 200.

0035The driving force ofMG 200 is transmitted to wheels. This causes MG 200 to assist engine 100 or the vehicle to run by the driving force from MG 200. On the other hand, during regenerative braking of the hybrid vehicle, MG 200 is driven by the wheels to thereby operate MG 200 as a power generator. Accordingly, MG 200 operates as a regenerative brake for converting braking energy into electric power. The electric power generated by MG 200 is converted by inverter 300 from an alternating current into a direct current, and then stored in first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520.

0036Each of first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 serves as a battery set having a configuration in which a plurality of battery modules each having a plurality of battery cells integrated with each other are connected in series. The discharging voltage from first battery pack 510 and the charging voltage to first battery pack 510 are adjusted by first converter 410. The discharging voltage from second battery pack 520 and the charging voltage to second battery pack 520 are adjusted by second converter 420. First battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 may have the same or different specifications such as maximum storage amount.

0037First converter 410 and second converter 420 are connected in parallel. First battery pack 510 is connected to first converter 410. Second battery pack 520 is connected to second converter 420. Accordingly, first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are connected in parallel via first converter 410 and second converter 420. Inverter 300 is connected between first converter 410 and second converter 420.

0038Charger 600 is connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of first battery pack 510. Accordingly, first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are connected in parallel to charger 600. It is to be noted that a capacitor (condenser) may be used in place of a battery. Charger 600 supplies a direct current to the battery pack. In other words, charger 600 converts an alternating current into a direct current. Furthermore, charger 600 boosts the voltage.

0039When first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are charged, charger 600 supplies electric power to first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 from outside the hybrid vehicle. It is to be noted that charger 600 may be located outside the hybrid vehicle.

0040A voltage sensor 602 is provided within charger 600. The signal indicating the voltage value detected by voltage sensor 602 is transmitted to ECU 1000. The voltage of the external power supply is detected within the hybrid vehicle by voltage sensor 602. Charger 600 is connected to the external power supply through the charging cable connected to a charging connector 604. First battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are connected to the external power supply through charger 600.

0041Engine 100, inverter 300, first converter 410, second converter 420, and charger 600 are controlled by ECU 1000. ECU 1000 receives a signal from each of voltage sensors 1011-1013 and current sensors 1021-1024.

0042Voltage sensor 1011 detects a voltage value of first battery pack 510. Voltage sensor 1012 detects a voltage value of second battery pack 520. Voltage sensor 1013 detects a system voltage value (a voltage value in the area between first converter 410 and second converter 420).

0043Current sensor 1021 detects a value of the current discharged from first battery pack 510 and a value of the current supplied to first battery pack 510. Current sensor 1022 detects a value of the current discharged from second battery pack 520 and a value of the current supplied to second battery pack 520. Current sensor 1023 detects a value of the current supplied from charger 600 to each of first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520. Current sensor 1024 detects a value of the current (a value of the alternating current) supplied from the external power supply of the hybrid vehicle through charging cable 700.

0044ECU 1000 further receives a signal indicating the temperature of first battery pack 510 from a temperature sensor 1031 1 and a signal indicating the temperature of second battery pack 520 from a temperature sensor 1032.

0045ECU 1000 calculates the state of charge (SOC) of each of first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 based on the values of the voltage, the current and the like input from these sensors. Since the SOC may be calculated using a well-known general technique, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0046Referring to <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref>, charging cable 700 will then be described. Charging cable 700 includes a connector 710, a plug 720 and a CCID (Charging Circuit Interrupt Device) 730. Charging cable 700 corresponds to an EVSE.

0047Connector 710 of charging cable 700 is connected to charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle. Connector 710 is provided with a switch 712. When switch 712 is closed in the state where connector 710 of charging cable 700 is connected to charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle, ECU 1000 receives a connector signal CNCT indicating that connector 710 of charging cable 700 is connected to charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle.

0048Switch 712 opens and closes in coordination with an anchor fitting (not shown) which anchors connector 710 of charging cable 700 to charging connector 604 of the hybrid vehicle. The anchor fitting (not shown) swings by the user pressing the button (not shown) provided on connector 710.

0049For example, when the operator moves the finger off the button in the state where connector 710 of charging cable 700 is connected to charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle, the anchor fitting engages with charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle and switch 712 is closed. When the operator presses the button, the anchor fitting is disengaged from charging connector 604 and switch 712 is opened. It is to be noted that the method of opening and closing switch 712 is not limited thereto.

0050Plug 720 of charging cable 700 is connected to a outlet 802 provided on the house. The AC electric power is supplied from external power supply 800 of the hybrid vehicle to outlet 802.

0051CCID 730 includes a relay 732 and a control pilot circuit 734. In the state where relay 732 is opened, the path is interrupted through which the electric power is supplied from external power supply 800 of the hybrid vehicle to the hybrid vehicle. In the state where relay 732 is closed, the electric power can be supplied from external power supply 800 of the hybrid vehicle to the hybrid vehicle. ECU 1000 controls the state of relay 732 in the state where connector 710 of charging cable 700 is connected to charging connector 604 of the hybrid vehicle.

0052Control pilot circuit 734 transmits a pilot signal (square wave signal) CPLT to a control pilot line in the state where plug 720 of charging cable 700 is connected to outlet 802, that is, external power supply 800, and where connector 710 is connected to charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle.

0053The pilot signal is oscillated by an oscillator provided in control pilot circuit 734. The pilot signal is output or stopped with a delay by the time period for which the operation of the oscillator delays.

0054When plug 720 of charging cable 700 is connected to outlet 802, control pilot circuit 734 may output a constant pilot signal CPLT even if connector 710 is disconnected from charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle. However, ECU 1000 cannot detect pilot signal CPLT output in the state where connector 710 is disconnected from charging connector 604 provided on the hybrid vehicle.

0055When plug 720 of charging cable 700 is connected to outlet 802 and connector 710 is connected to charging connector 604 of the hybrid vehicle, control pilot circuit 734 oscillates pilot signal CPLT of a predetermined pulse width (duty cycle).

0056The hybrid vehicle is notified of the current capacity of charging cable 700 (a value of the current that can be supplied by charging cable 700) in accordance with the pulse width of pilot signal CPLT. The pulse width of pilot signal CPLT is constant independently of the voltage and the current of external power supply 800.

0057In the case where a different charging cable is used, the pulse width of pilot signal CPLT may vary. In other words, the pulse width of pilot signal CPLT may be set for each type of the charging cables.

0058In the present embodiment, the electric power supplied from external power supply 800 is supplied to the battery pack in the state where the hybrid vehicle and external power supply 800 are coupled to each other by charging cable 700.

0059When first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are charged, the SOC of each of first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 is reset.

0060As shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref>, first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are automatically discharged until the SOC of each of first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 is decreased to a reset value. After second battery pack 520 is discharged, first battery pack 510 is discharged.

0061For example, first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are discharged at a constant current value. When the battery pack is discharged at the constant current value, as shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref>, the voltage of the battery pack is set in accordance with the SOC. Therefore, when the voltage value of the battery pack is decreased to a threshold value which is set in accordance with the reset value, it is determined that the SOC is decreased to the reset value. When the SOC is decreased to the reset value, the discharge is stopped.

0062After the SOC is decreased to the reset value, ECU 1000 uses the reset value as an initial value when calculating the SOC of each of first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520.

0063As shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref>, first battery pack 510 is charged with the electric power discharged from second battery pack 520. After second battery pack 520 is discharged until the SOC of second battery pack 520 is decreased to the reset value, second battery pack 520 is charged with the electric power discharged from first battery pack 510.

0064For example, as the voltage on the output side of second converter 420 (on the side to which first converter 410 is connected) is set to a voltage higher than that on the output side of first converter 410 (on the side to which second converter 420 is connected), the electric power discharged from second battery pack 520 is supplied to first battery pack 510. In contrast, as the voltage on the output side of first converter 410 is set to a voltage higher than that on the output side of second converter 420, the electric power discharged from first battery pack 510 is supplied to second battery pack 520. It is to be noted that the charging method is not limited thereto.

0065During discharging of second battery pack 520, the electric power supplied from outside the hybrid vehicle through charging cable 700 and charger 600 is supplied to first battery pack 510. Furthermore, during discharging of first battery pack 510, the electric power supplied from outside the hybrid vehicle through charging cable 700 and charger 600 is supplied to second battery pack 520.

0066After first battery pack 510 is discharged until the SOC of first battery pack 510 is decreased to the reset value, the electric power supplied from outside the hybrid vehicle through charger 600 is supplied to first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520.

0067First battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 are charged until the SOC ultimately reaches, for example, the maximum value, that is, "100%". It is to be noted that the charging may be carried out until the SOC reaches a value smaller than the maximum value.

0068Referring to <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref>, the functions of ECU 1000 will then be described. It is to be noted that the functions of ECU 1000 described below may be implemented by hardware or software.

0069ECU 1000 includes a first calculation unit 1101, a second calculation unit 1102, a setting unit 1104, an upper limit unit 1106, and a charging unit 1108.

0070First calculation unit 1101 calculates the first charging current value in accordance with the state of the battery pack. More specifically, the first charging current value is calculated based on a tolerance value swin_total of the electric power input to the vehicle and the voltage of the battery pack.

0071Tolerance value swin_total of the electric power input to the vehicle is calculated using the following equation 1. <maths id="math0001" num="(1)"><math display="block"><mi>swin_total</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>swin</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">α</mi></math><img file="EP2190102A1_D0001.tif" /></maths>

0072In equation 1, swin represents a limit value of the charging current which is obtained based on the map including the temperature, the increasing ratio of the temperature, the SOC and the like of the battery pack as parameters. For example, swin is obtained based on the temperature, the increasing ratio of the temperature, the SOC and the like of first battery pack 510 having charger 600 connected thereto. Furthermore, swin may be obtained based on the temperature, the increasing ratio of the temperature, the SOC and the like of second battery pack 520 in place of or in addition to first battery pack 510.

0073The higher the temperature of the battery pack or the increasing ratio of the temperature thereof is, the smaller the limit value swin is set. Furthermore, the greater the SOC is, the smaller the limit value swin is set. In equation 1, α represents the electric power loss in auxiliary machinery such as charger 600. It is to be noted that the method of calculating tolerance value swin_total of the input electric power is not limited thereto.

0074The first charging current value is calculated using the following equation 2. In equation 2, VB represents the voltage of first battery pack 510, that is, the voltage detected by voltage sensor 1011. <maths id="math0002" num="(2)"><math display="block"><mi>First charging current value</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>swin_total</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>VB</mi></math><img file="EP2190102A1_D0002.tif" /></maths>

0075Second calculation unit 1102 calculates the second charging current value based on the information on charging cable 700 and external power supply 800. More specifically, the second charging current value is calculated based on the current capacity of charging cable 700, the voltage of power supply 800 and the voltage of the battery pack.

0076As described above, the current capacity of charging cable 700 is obtained from pilot signal CPLT. The voltage of power supply 800 is detected by voltage sensor 602 provided within charger 600. The second charging current value is calculated using the following equation 3. In equation 3, ALT represents the current capacity of charging cable 700, VS represents the voltage of power supply 800, VB represents the voltage of first battery pack 510, that is, the voltage detected by voltage sensor 1011, and β represents the efficiency of charger 600. <maths id="math0003" num="(3)"><math display="block"><mi>Second</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mi>charging current value</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi>ALT</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi>VS</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">β</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mi>VB</mi></math><img file="EP2190102A1_D0003.tif" /></maths>

0077Setting unit 1104 sets the smaller one of the first charging current value and the second charging current value as a third charging current value.

0078Upper limit unit 1106 limits the third charging current value to a predetermined upper limit value or less. In other words, in the case where the third charging current value set by setting unit 1104 is greater than or equal to the upper limit value, the upper limit value is set as the third charging current value.

0079In the case where the voltage of power supply 800 is 100V, the upper limit value is set to approximately 5A, for example. In the case where the voltage of power supply 800 is 200V, the upper limit value is set to approximately 10A. It is to be noted that the upper limit value is not limited thereto.

0080Charging unit 1108 controls charger 600 such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to the set third charging current value, for charging the battery pack.

0081The first charging current value, the second charging current value and the third charging current value are calculated each time the battery pack is charged. Furthermore, during charging of the battery pack, the first charging current value, the second charging current value and the third charging current value are sequentially calculated and updated.

0082Referring to <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 6</figref>, the control structure of the program executed by ECU 1000 in the present embodiment will then be described. The program described below is repeatedly executed in a predetermined cycle during the charging. The program executed by ECU 1000 may be recorded on a recording medium such as a CD (Compact Disc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) and the like and introduced into the market.

0083In step (hereafter abbreviated as S) 100, ECU 1000 calculates the first charging current value in accordance with the state of the battery pack. In S102, ECU 1000 calculates the second charging current value based on the information on each of charging cable 700 and external power supply 800.

0084In S 104, ECU 1000 sets the smaller one of the first charging current value and the second charging current value as the third charging current value.

0085In S 106, ECU 1000 determines whether the third charging current value is greater than or equal to the upper limit value. If the third charging current value is greater than or equal to the upper limit value (YES in S106), the process proceeds to S108. If not (NO in S 106), the process proceeds to S110.

0086In S 108, ECU 1000 sets the upper limit value as the third charging current value. In S110, ECU 1000 controls charger 600 such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to the third charging current value, for charging the battery pack. Then, the process returns to S100.

0087The operation of ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment based on the above-described structures and flowcharts will then be described.

0088When the battery pack is charged, the first charging current value is calculated in accordance with the state of the battery pack (S100). Furthermore, the second charging current value is calculated based on the information on charging cable 700 and external power supply 800 (S102).

0089The smaller one of the calculated first and second charging current values is set as the third charging current value (S104). If the third charging current value is greater than or equal to the upper limit value (YES in S106), the upper limit value is set as the third charging current value (S108).

0090When the third charging current value is set, charger 600 is controlled such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to the third charging current value, and then the battery pack is charged (S110).

0091As described above, in the hybrid vehicle according to the present embodiment, the first charging current value is calculated in accordance with the state of the battery pack. The second charging current value is calculated based on the information on the charging cable which connects the hybrid vehicle and the external power supply, particularly, the current capacity obtained from pilot signal CPLT. The smaller one of the calculated first and second charging current values is set as the third charging current value. The charger is controlled such that the output current value of the charger is equal to the third charging current value. This allows the output current value of the charger to be set in consideration of the current capacity of the charging cable, that is, the value of the current that can be supplied by the charging cable in addition to the state of the battery pack. Accordingly, the value of the current supplied through the charging cable can be prevented from exceeding the current capacity of the charging cable. Consequently, the battery pack can be normally charged. Furthermore, in the case where the current that can be supplied by the external power supply is limited by the breaker and the like, the breaker can be prevented from tripping.

Second Embodiment

0092The second embodiment of the present invention will be hereinafter described. The present embodiment is different from the above-described first embodiment in that the third charging current value is limited to the lower limit value or more. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described first embodiment, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0093Referring to <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref>, the functions of ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment will then be described. It is to be noted that the same functions as those in the above-described first embodiment are designated by the same reference characters, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0094In addition to first calculation unit 1101, second calculation unit 1102, setting unit 1104, upper limit unit 1106, and charging unit 1108, ECU 1000 further includes a lower limit unit 1200.

0095Lower limit unit 1200 limits the third charging current value to a predetermined lower limit value or more. In other words, in the case where the third charging current value set by setting unit 1104 is less than or equal to the lower limit value, the lower limit value is set as the third charging current value. The lower limit value is, for example, "0" A. The lower limit value is not limited thereto.

0096Referring to <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref>, the control structure of the program executed by ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment will then be described. The program described below is repeatedly executed in a predetermined cycle during the charging. Furthermore, the same processes as those in the above-described first embodiment are designated by the same step numbers, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0097In S200, ECU 1000 determines whether the third charging current value is less than or equal to the lower limit value. If the third charging current value is less than or equal to the lower limit value (YES in S200), the process proceeds to S202. If not (NO in S202), the process proceeds to S 110. In S202, ECU 1000 sets the lower limit value as the third charging current value.

0098In this way, the output current value of charger 600 can be set to the lower limit value or more. Accordingly, if the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0, the output current value of charger 600 can be set to "0A" or more. In other words, the value of the current supplied through charging cable 700 can be set to "0A" or more. Consequently, the battery pack can be prevented from being accidentally discharged.

Third Embodiment

0099The third embodiment of the present invention will be hereinafter described. The present embodiment is different from the above-described first embodiment in that the third charging current value is corrected. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described first embodiment, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0100Referring to <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 9</figref>, the functions of ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment will then be described. It is to be noted that the same functions as those in the above-described first embodiment are designated by the same reference characters, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0101In addition to first calculation unit 1101, second calculation unit 1102, setting unit 1104, upper limit unit 1106, and charging unit 1108, ECU 1000 includes a first correction unit 1301, a second correction unit 1302 and a stop unit 1304.

0102First correction unit 1301 corrects the third charging current value to be decreased. More specifically, if the state where the value of the current supplied from power supply 800, that is, the value of the current output from charger 600 is greater than the current capacity of charging cable 700 continues for a predetermined first time period or more, the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased. The third charging current value is decreased by a constant decreased amount for each process. The value of the current output from charger 600 is detected by current sensor 1023.

0103Furthermore, if the state where the voltage detected by voltage sensor 602, that is, the voltage of power supply 800 detected within the hybrid vehicle, is less than or equal to a predetermined voltage continues for a predetermined second time period or more, the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased.

0104If the value of the current supplied from power supply 800, that is, the value of the current output from charger 600, is less than the current capacity of charging cable 700, second correction unit 1302 corrects the third charging current value to be increased.

0105More specifically, if the state where the value obtained by subtracting the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 from the current capacity of charging cable 700 is greater than or equal to a threshold value ΔA (ΔA > 0) continues for a predetermined third time period or more, the third charging current value is corrected to be increased. The third charging current value is increased by a constant increased amount for each process.

0106If the total correction amount (decreased amount) in the case where the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased is greater than the threshold value, stop unit 1304 stops the charging of the battery pack. For example, if the total correction amount in the case where the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased is greater than the initial value of the third charging current value, the charging is stopped.

0107Referring to <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 10</figref>, the control structure of the program executed by ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment will then be described. The program described below is repeatedly executed in a predetermined cycle during the charging. Furthermore, the same processes as those in the above-described first embodiment are designated by the same step numbers, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0108In S300, ECU 1000 determines whether the state where the value of the current supplied from power supply 800, that is, the value of the current output from charger 600, is greater than the current capacity of charging cable 700 continues for the predetermined first time period or more, or whether the state where the voltage of power supply 800 detected within the hybrid vehicle is less than or equal to a predetermined voltage continues for the predetermined second time period or more.

0109If the state where the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 is greater than the current capacity of charging cable 700 continues for the first time period or more, or the state where the voltage of power supply 800 detected within the hybrid vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined voltage continues for the second time period or more (YES in S300), the process proceeds to S302. If not (NO in S300), the process proceeds to S310. In S302, ECU 1000 decreases the third charging current value by a constant decreased amount.

0110In S304, ECU 1000 determines whether the total correction amount in the case where the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased is greater than the threshold value. If the total correction amount is greater than the threshold value (YES in S304), the process proceeds to S306. If not (NO in S304), the process proceeds to S320.

0111In S306, ECU 1000 stops the charging of the battery pack. In this case, the third charging current value is set to "0A". In other words, the initial value of the third charging current value is set as a total correction amount. Then, this process ends.

0112In S310, ECU 1000 determines whether the state where the value obtained by subtracting the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 from the current capacity of charging cable 700 is greater than or equal to threshold value ΔA continues for the third time period or more.

0113If the state where the value obtained by subtracting the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 from the current capacity of charging cable 700 is greater than or equal to threshold value ΔA continues for the third time period or more (YES in S310), the process proceeds to S312. If not (NO in S310), the process returns to S100.

0114In S312, ECU 1000 increases the third charging current value by a constant increased amount. In S320, ECU 1000 controls charger 600 such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to the third charging current value, for charging the battery pack.

0115The operation of ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment based on the above-described structures and flowcharts will then be described.

0116If the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 is greater than the current capacity of charging cable 700 during charging of the battery pack by external power supply 800, it can be said that the charging current value is relatively great with respect to the capacity of charging cable 700. Furthermore, in the case where the voltage of power supply 800 detected within the hybrid vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined voltage, there may be some fault.

0117Thus, if the state where the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 is greater than the current capacity of charging cable 700 continues for the first time period or more (YES in S300), the third charging current value is decreased by a constant decreased amount (S302).

0118Furthermore, if the state where the voltage of power supply 800 detected within the hybrid vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined voltage continues for the second time period or more (YES in S300), the third charging current value is decreased by a constant decreased amount (S302).

0119While the total correction amount in the case where the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased is less than the threshold value (NO in S304), charger 600 is controlled such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to the third charging current value, for charging the battery pack (S320). Consequently, the value of the current in each of charging cable 700 and the electrical system can be set within the normal range.

0120If the total correction amount in the case where the third charging current value is corrected to be decreased is greater than the threshold value (YES in S304), the charging current value of the battery pack may be excessively decreased. For example, the charging current value of the battery pack may be a negative value and the battery pack may be discharged, at which the charging of the battery pack is stopped (S306). Consequently, the battery pack can be prevented from being accidentally discharged.

0121In contrast, in the case where the value obtained by subtracting the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 from the current capacity of charging cable 700 is greater than or equal to threshold value ΔA, it can be said that the value of the current supplied from power supply 800, that is, the charging current value of the battery pack, is relatively small with respect to the current capacity of charging cable 700. In this case, it takes time to complete the charging.

0122If the state where the value obtained by subtracting the value of the current supplied from power supply 800 from the current capacity of charging cable 700 is greater than or equal to threshold value ΔA continues for the third time period or more (YES in S310), the third charging current value is increased by a constant increased amount (S312). Charger 600 is controlled such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to the third charging current value, and the battery pack is then charged (S320). Accordingly, the charging current value of the battery pack can be prevented from being excessively decreased.

0123As described above, in the hybrid vehicle according to the present embodiment, the third charging current value is corrected. The charger is controlled such that the output current value of the charger is equal to the third charging current value, and the battery pack is then charged. Accordingly, the output current value of the charger can be precisely set.

Fourth Embodiment

0124The fourth embodiment of the present invention will be hereinafter described. The present embodiment is different from the above-described first embodiment in that, during reset of the SOC of the battery pack, when the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 is greater than or equal to the threshold value, charger 600 is controlled such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to a predetermined constant charging current value. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described first embodiment, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0125Referring to <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 11</figref>, the functions of ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment will be hereinafter described. It is to be noted that the same functions as those in the above-described first embodiment are designated by the same reference characters, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0126In addition to first calculation unit 1101, second calculation unit 1102, setting unit 1104, upper limit unit 1106, and charging unit 1108, ECU 1000 includes a constant current control unit 1400.

0127During reset of the SOC of the battery pack, when the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 is greater than or equal to the threshold value, constant current control unit 1400 controls charger 600 such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to a predetermined constant charging current value (for example, 0.5A).

0128The threshold value is, for example, 77 % of the maximum power storage amount of first battery pack 510 or second battery pack 520. It is desirable to set the threshold value based on the smaller one of the maximum power storage amount of first battery pack 510 and the maximum power storage amount of second battery pack 520. In the case where first battery pack 510 and second battery pack 520 have the same maximum power storage amount, the threshold value may be set based on either of the maximum power storage amounts. The threshold value is not limited thereto.

0129As the output current value of charger 600 is kept constant, the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 can be prevented from exceeding the maximum power storage amount of first battery pack 510 or second battery pack 520 (preferably, 80% of the maximum power storage amount) during reset of the SOCs of the battery packs.

0130The reason why the sum of the SOCs is prevented from exceeding the maximum power storage amount is because all the electric power discharged from one of the battery packs during reset of the SOCs should be supplied to the other of the battery packs.

0131Referring to <figref idref="f0010">Fig. 12</figref>, the control structure of the program executed by ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment will then be described. The program described below is repeatedly executed in a predetermined cycle during the charging. Furthermore, the same processes as those in the above-described first embodiment are designated by the same step numbers, and therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

0132In S400, ECU 1000 determines whether the SOC of the battery pack is being reset. Since ECU 1000 itself determines whether the reset is performed or not, it is determined within ECU 1000 whether the SOC is being reset. If it is determined that the SOC is being reset (YES in S400), the process proceeds to S402. If not (NO in S400), the process proceeds to S110.

0133In S402, ECU 1000 determines whether the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 is greater than or equal to the threshold value. If the sum of the SOCs is greater than or equal to the threshold value (YES in S402), the process proceeds to S404. If not (NO in S402), the process proceeds to S110.

0134In S404, ECU 1000 controls charger 600 such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to a predetermined constant charging current value. Then, the process returns to S100.

0135The operation of ECU 1000 according to the present embodiment based on the above-described structures and flowcharts will then be described.

0136As shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> described above, during reset of the SOC of the battery pack (YES in S400), the electric power discharged from second battery pack 520 is supplied to first battery pack 510. After second battery pack 520 is discharged until the SOC of second battery pack 520 is decreased to the reset value, the electric power discharged from first battery pack 510 is supplied to second battery pack 520.

0137Therefore, when the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 is excessively large, there may be a case where the electric power discharged from one of the battery packs cannot be supplied to the other of the battery packs.

0138Thus, if the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 is greater than or equal to a threshold value (YES in S402), charger 600 is controlled such that the output current value of charger 600 is equal to a predetermined constant charging current value (S404).

0139Accordingly, the electric power supplied from charger 600 to first battery pack 510 or second battery pack 520 during reset of the SOC can be limited. Therefore, the sum of the SOC of first battery pack 510 and the SOC of second battery pack 520 can be prevented from exceeding the maximum power storage amount of first battery pack 510 or second battery pack 520. Consequently, it can be ensured that the electric power discharged from one of the battery packs is stored in the other of the battery packs.

0140As described above, in the hybrid vehicle according to the present embodiments, when the sum of the SOC of the first battery pack and the SOC of the second battery pack is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the charger is controlled such that the output current value of the charger is equal to a predetermined constant charging current value. Accordingly, the sum of the SOC of the first battery pack and the SOC of the second battery pack can be prevented from exceeding the maximum power storage amount of the first battery pack or the second battery pack. Consequently, it can be ensured that the electric power discharged from one of the battery packs is stored in the other of the battery packs.

0141It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.