Solar cooling unit

p0001The present invention relates to a solar powered collective collector for the simultaneous production of electricity and thermal heat and a solar cooling unit and a method for the simultaneous provision of heating, cooling and electricity by means of a solar cooling unit.

p0002Joint panels formed in addition to the generation of electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect in photovoltaic cells at the same time to make use of solar energy to generate heat in a suitably designed heat exchanger (solar thermal device), became increasingly technical developments in recent years. Collective collectors are particularly distinguished by their capacity to improve the overall efficiency of a purely provided with photovoltaic cells collector by receiving a suitably designed solar thermal device and consequently to increase the overall efficiency of the collector.

p0003This is most known from the prior art collectors collective optimizing the amount of electric power generated in the foreground, but the relative proportion of generated electric energy to generated thermal is largely undetermined.

p0004Thus, for example from the <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="DE3923821A1"><text>DE 39 23 821 A1</text></patcit> a collector for the recovery of energy from the radiation from the sun is known, which consists of one of a medium-carrying heat exchanger, and additionally from a photovoltaic collector. For the simultaneous production of electrical and thermal energy, the thermal collectors of a permeable to visible and UV light material are in this case produced, so that the infrared spectral region is the only absorbed part of the spectrum of sunlight. The choice of visible and ultraviolet light permeable material allows the use of these two spectral regions for the production of electrical energy by means of photovoltaic part of the collector, which is connected downstream of the thermal collector with respect to the direction of incidence of sunlight.

p0005Due to the wavelength-specific choice of material for the production of the thermal collector is therefore only a very limited spectral range of solar light energy for generating thermal heat in the collector collective available. To influence the relative proportion of electrical as well as thermal energy is in a development of the<patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="DE3923821A1"><text>DE 39 23 821 A1</text></patcit> described invention proposes to adapt the used for exchanging heat in the thermal collector medium by use of dyes according to the use needs. In particular, to achieve high thermal efficiencies will consequently require the use of larger amounts of dyes, which sometimes can be dangerous for the human user to handle. Furthermore, the precise adjustment of the collective collector respect to the ratio of generated electric energy in comparison with the generated thermal energy is relatively difficult because the addition of too much dye is not sufficient light to reach the photovoltaic cell to generate sufficient electrical energy. Furthermore, the efficiency of thermal energy changes because with increasing age of the dyes, this fade and cease to increase the thermal efficiency available.

p0006Especially for long-term use with devices that require a high Wärmezutrag from a solar-powered heat exchanger, such known from the prior art collective collectors are not suitable. Further, due to the high maintenance costs which results from the use of dye in the medium consisting of the<patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="DE3923821A1"><text>DE 39 23 821 A1</text></patcit> known collective collector unsuitable for applications which require the transmission of a high heat output. Also this collective collector is unsuitable for use in remote locations, which can be serviced only at great expense.

p0007According to these disadvantages, there is the technical problem of proposing a collective collector having one hand an easy handling and an optimized thermal efficiency in order to supply plants with a high heat demand.

p0008The object is achieved by a collective collector for the simultaneous production of electricity and thermal heat according to claim. 1

p0009In particular, the object is achieved by a collective collector for the simultaneous production of electricity and thermal heat, which the following components comprising: a light input disk which is irradiated in an operating condition of sunlight and limits the collective collector in an operating state at least for a sun-facing side; at least one arranged in a first area photovoltaic cell; at least one arranged in a second area light absorber layer; at least one fluid-filled tubing; wherein the first surface faces in an operating state of the collector of a sun-facing side, the first and the second surfaces are disposed in full surface contact with each other, and a photovoltaic cell allows at least one passage of blasted through the light entry disc sunlight in the direction of incidence on the second surface, and further wherein the second surface of a pipe in thermal contact is at least so that, when an absorption-related heating the light absorber layer, the fluid undergoes a heat transfer in the pipeline.

p0010The basic concept of the simultaneous use of a photovoltaic cell for electric power generation and a solar heating device comprising at least one light absorber layer and a with a fluid (heat transfer medium) filled pipeline, for generating thermal energy is at least in the present invention is that the thermal energy is clearly in the foreground , wherein a non-optimized, significantly worse in terms of the potential efficiency of electrical energy accepted. Thus, the present teaching is contrary to the principle of the increase in output of electric power generation by optimizing the working conditions for the electric power generation, as it is known to most collective collectors of the art. However, the present collective collector is adapted to the largest possible yield of thermal energy in a certain temperature range of up to about 100 ° C, especially from 70 ° C to 95 ° C, to ensure, at the same electrical still in economic dimensions of energy by means of the included photovoltaic cells is generated. In addition, the collective collector invention is characterized in by a very simple and extremely maintenance-friendly construction, which is designed especially for the operation of facilities with a large heat demand.

p0011The direct contact between bodies responsible for power generation photovoltaic cells and solar thermal device used for thermal heat recovery, at least consisting of a light absorber layer and at least one fluid-filled pipe, this contradicts the conventional wisdom, not to bring the photovoltaic cells with hot surfaces in contact to the not to reduce the efficiency of electric power generation. Especially at high temperatures lose photovoltaic cells namely significantly to capacity for electric power generation, which is why always respected in conventional collective collectors on thermally isolate the photovoltaic cells used to warm surfaces. This thermal isolation, however, requires additional constructional components and manufacturing steps which increase the cost of manufacture of such photovoltaic cells significantly.

p0012The presently proposed general collector on the other hand reduces the design effort thus abundantly clear that the at least one photovoltaic cell used for electrical energy is applied directly on the covered by the solar thermal device light absorber layer. Although the direct contact between the two components effects a significant reduction in the ability of the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, but it increases the yield of thermal energy, which is at the forefront in the present collective collector.

p0013Thus the collective collector is particularly suitable for use in conjunction with chillers which require thermal generating cold (negative heat) of a high Zutrags of heat energy. At the same time such chillers also require electrical energy, which is necessary for the operation of the fluid power pump, positioning and control elements. Consequently, chillers, as they are known in the art, always limited to a local operating near an access to an electric utility grid. This contrast allows operation only on a relatively small number of locations that can provide a secure supply of electrical energy ready. In particular, all cities are therefore excluded in developing countries, which can not secure regulated power supply.

p0014Accordingly, as a further problem to ensure the operation of a chiller and on a place of operation, which has no access to an external electrical power supply or an external electrical supply.

p0015In the present case, it is proposed to solve this problem by means of a solar cooling unit, which includes at least the following components: at least one solar collector system comprising a solar heating apparatus for generating electric power at least one photovoltaic cell and for the simultaneous production of heat, in particular at least a general collector in accordance with the previous Description provides; at least one chiller that is designed as an adsorption and / or absorption chiller, and which is connected via a fluid line system with the solar heating apparatus in fluid technical contact; an electrical control unit for the electrical and / or in need of regulation for fluid power control components of solar refrigeration unit; wherein the electrical energy for operation of the control unit and the chiller is provided either in direct or indirect form through the at least one photovoltaic cell and the solar refrigeration unit is therefore self-sufficient from an external power supply.

p0016Furthermore, a solar cooling unit is presently proposed, which includes at least the following components: at least one solar collector system comprising a solar heating apparatus for generating electric power at least one photovoltaic cell and for the simultaneous production of heat, and in particular provides at least a general collector of the type described above; at least one chiller that is designed as an adsorption and / or absorption chiller, and which is connected via a fluid line system with the solar heating apparatus in fluid technical contact; an electrical control unit for the electrical and / or in need of regulation for fluid power control components of solar refrigeration unit; the solar refrigeration unit further comprises at least one portable device device which is designed as a container or shipping container, and in which are arranged the components of the solar refrigeration unit, which need not be exposed to sunlight to operate.

p0017Furthermore, a method for simultaneous provision of heating, cooling and electricity is presently proposed by means of a solar cooling unit, especially by means of a solar refrigeration unit of the type previously shown, comprising the steps of: simultaneously generating heat and electricity by means of at least one solar collector system, which for electric power generation provides a photovoltaic cell at least, and which provides a solar heating device to generate heat, in particular by at least one general collector of the type described above; Generating cold by a refrigeration system that is designed as adsorption and / or absorption chiller, and which is connected via a fluid line system with the solar heating apparatus of the solar collector system in fluid technical contact; wherein the electrical energy for operation of the chiller, either in direct or indirect form through the at least one photovoltaic cell is provided at least one solar collector system and the solar refrigeration unit is therefore self-sufficient from an external power supply.

p0018The above-described solar refrigeration units require both an influx of heat and electrical energy, both of which can be produced exclusively for solar technology. In particular, electrical and thermal energy can be generated by a general collector of the type described above. Thus, the operation of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention may be independent of an access to an external electric power supply. Consequently, the solar refrigeration unit can also be used in areas which have been energy-technically not or only insufficiently developed. In addition, the proposed solar refrigeration units allow a completely CO₂neutral production of cold, heat and electricity simultaneously.

p0019In a first embodiment of the collective collector for the simultaneous production of electricity and thermal heat is provided that the general collector on at least one sun facing away in an operational state side, especially on the part which the limit in an operating state at least one photovoltaic cell and the light absorber layer side, a or more layers of insulation, preferably one or more layers of mineral wool which. This collective collector is effectively protected against radiation of heat radiation to the outside and thus against an undesirable energy loss. According embodiment thus increases the efficiency of the thermal heat production of the collective collector.

p0020Although the additional insulation further reduced by providing at least one layer of insulation, the efficiency of photovoltaic cells for generating electrical energy, this decrease can be partly offset by the fact that the fluid in the at least one pipe contained the heat generated in the solar thermal device sufficiently quickly by a suitably fast exchange flow dissipates. This transfer of heat to a sufficient degree is ensured especially when using the collective collector in connection with the proposed solar refrigeration unit, as required in comprised of the solar refrigeration unit refrigeration machine a high Zutrags of heat, and thus a high dissipation of heat is from the fluid line system, in which the fluid which is in fluid technical contact with the solar thermal device is, guaranteed. Accordingly, overheating of the photovoltaic cells are prevented by midsummer ambient conditions as well as during operation of the solar refrigeration unit in connection with the collective collector because at high ambient temperatures not only the solar irradiation performance but also from a user queried cooling capacity are increased by the solar refrigeration unit. The increasingly demanded cooling capacity can only be met by an increased need for heat transfer from the general collector. The heating of the photovoltaic cells in the general collector can thus be limited to about 100 ° Celsius and thus is approximately comparable operating temperatures in conventional photovoltaic modules, which provide no special heating matching. The thus achievable with the collective collector energy yield of solar radiation per unit area (the solar overall efficiency of the collective collector) is increased in connection with the use of the above-described solar refrigeration unit significantly beyond what is in the prior art known collective collectors.

p0021In a further embodiment, the collective collector according to the invention for the simultaneous production of electricity and thermal heat, the light entry disc is comprised of a glass tube in which the a photovoltaic cell having a light absorption layer and the at least one fluid-filled tubing are disposed at least at least. Due to the geometric conditions, the operating temperatures during operation of such glass tubes collective collectors are far above the operating temperatures comparable collective collectors with a flat geometry. Accordingly, the use of performing contemporary glass tubes collective collectors will only make sense if sufficient heat dissipation can be ensured by the fluid in the at least one pipe contained. This is by the use of the general collector in conjunction with the above-described solar refrigeration unit of the case. Because of the glass tube geometry of the joint collector is further modular construction, which for maintenance and repair purposes only individual glass tube modules need to be serviced or replaced to restore the operating state of about temporarily defective system.

p0022In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a predetermined inner portion of the glass tube is evacuated in an operating state of the collective collector least. By evacuating the entire glass tube or certain internal portions hence a reduction of the convective heat loss can be achieved, whereby the efficiency of thermal power generation by the solar thermal device is significantly improved.

p0023In a further embodiment of the general collector according to the invention the first and second area are displayed vertically in a cross section to the longitudinal extension of the glass tube as a closed, in particular ellipsoidal curves, said cross-section is arranged at least one filled with a fluid conduit within the two closed curves. Ausführungsgcmäß simplifies the technical representation of the two surfaces, which can be connected only in a simple and compact manner. In addition, collective collectors of this geometry are less sensitive in terms of alignment with the sun.

p0024In another embodiment, the collective collector further comprises at least one reflective element, in particular at least one parabolförmiges reflection element which causes a pooling of impinging on the at least one photovoltaic cell and / or at least one light absorber layer sunlight. Execution According hence the efficiency, in particular, the thermal efficiency of the collective collector can be further increased by even sunlight that would otherwise be lost for use by the general collector, this is again supplied by suitable reflection.

p0025Further attention is drawn at this point that the arrangement of the components in the tube joint panels according to the Sydney-principle, the heat pipe principle or as a direct-flow vacuum tube can be carried out.

p0026In a first preferred embodiment of the solar cooling unit the solar refrigeration unit has at least one transportable assembly device which is especially designed as a container or shipping container, the arrangement of components of solar refrigeration unit, which need not be exposed to sunlight to operate. The arrangement of the components in a container or shipping container can hereby already done at the factory. The container can include all required to operate components and assemblies of solar refrigeration unit before leaving the factory. After the factory manufacturing or assembly of the container or shipping container they must be transported only to their destinations, to be taken there readily into operation. The commissioning on site can thus in a simple visual inspection of damage in transit, limiting a connection of the necessary supply and discharge lines, a filling of fluid-containing components and switch the system on. Typical arranged in containers or shipping containers solar refrigeration units have a total output of approximately 10 kW up to 200 kW.

p0027Alternatively, a version modern solar refrigeration unit to be modular in individual modules. This may be provided as modules single array devices which. At a permanent installation of solar refrigeration unit, such as a building, only need to be wired together and connected The assembly devices can be formed approximately in a predetermined manner, be stable base frame, are mounted on which individual components of the solar refrigeration unit. To make a solar refrigeration unit into operation, the individual modules only have to be placed in relation to each other, attached to each other and interconnected. Hiezu can also be used quick connector systems for pipe joints.

p0028In another embodiment of the invention, the fluid line system includes appropriate fittings with flanges and / or Quick pipe fittings that allow to build quickly and without errors after installation of solar refrigeration unit, the fluid conduit system.

p0029Furthermore, the electrical connection cables of the solar refrigeration unit may include coded connectors with corresponding sockets, which allow during commissioning to make mixed up the cabling of all components.

p0030The prearrangement of individual components of solar refrigeration unit using the at least one transportable device arrangement can be effected so that the formation of the solar refrigeration unit of destination can not professionals and / or little tool and no special tools are required. In particular, neither sweat even soldering.

p0031The solar refrigeration unit also can be characterized in that the at least one portable device assembly includes mechanical means to transport facilitation, which are constructed as material recesses, lifting lugs and / or lifting eyes. This easy and safe handling of the assembly device, particularly in the transport by trucks, trucks and ships is ensured.

p0032A modular design of the solar refrigeration unit through the use of transportable assembly devices also facilitates the testing of an entire solar refrigeration unit before they are shipped. For this, the solar refrigeration unit is made in a predetermined arrangement at the factory site in operation and subjected to load and performance tests. If the efficiency of the system is secured, the system as a whole or individual modules can be immediately packed and shipped. A functional endangering inserting individual components when installing the solar refrigeration unit at the destination can be omitted thus, since only modular building blocks of the solar refrigeration unit must be related to each other or no configuration is required.

p0033The arrangement of the solar refrigeration unit or its components in a portable configuration device also facilitates ensuring the quality of the plant, since it is subjected only briefly before packing and delivery at the factory appropriate functional and performance tests. The performance values ​​obtained can be documented in an appropriate manner, whereby a decrease in the overall system, such as technical auditors, there may already be factory. Accordingly, the entire plant can be about one serving for certification testing system subjected to an independent expert, without that would later be made after installation at the destination.

p0034In a further preferred embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention, the solar refrigeration unit to an electrical interface to an external power grid to the feed through the at least one solar collector system generated and not required by the solar refrigeration unit amount of electric power in the external power grid. When operating a version proper solar refrigeration unit, in particular by means of a collective collector previously described, the solar refrigeration unit in summer conditions in middle and low latitudes requires only about 20% of the electricity produced with photovoltaic systems by encompassed by the solar refrigeration unit refrigeration machine for cold extraction in operation , Approximately 80% of the electrical energy generated are other electrical components available for use. Much of this electric power unused by the refrigerator can thus be fed to an external power supply and is available for general electricity consumers. A feed of excess electrical energy can be compensated by the central power grid operator and consequently reduces operating costs for performing modern solar refrigeration unit.

p0035In another embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention this has a memory device as another component on to the store by the at least one solar collector system generated and not required by the solar refrigeration unit amount of electric energy into electrical or chemical form, allowing them to later in electric form of solar refrigeration unit can again be provided. According embodiment can be dispensed with the feed in an external power line to use this surplus in generation of an excess of electrical energy, but the energy surplus, the solar cooling unit are supplied when needed. So can continue to be operated, for example, the solar refrigeration unit, even if the light conditions for generating electrical energy using the solar collector system is no longer sufficient. In particular, the operation of the solar refrigeration unit can also be maintained when it is cloudy, if due to the reduced light irradiation is not sufficient electrical energy can be produced by the solar collector system or the collective collector. By storing and delayed re-supply of the electric power can also be guaranteed even during power outages or technical problems in the external power supply, continuous operation of the solar refrigeration unit. The with less sunlight in the at least one solar collector system and the temperatures occurring at least a collective collector also cause a more efficient heat transfer to the fluid of the solar heating apparatus, and more efficient power generation by means of at least one photovoltaic cell.

p0036In a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit, this is characterized in that the storage device comprises at least one battery element. Accordingly, the storage of the excess electrical energy which is not required by the solar refrigeration unit carried in an electrical form, which can be again withdrawn directly as such, the storage device when necessary.

p0037In an alternative embodiment, the memory device includes a splitting means for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, and at least one storage container for the storage of hydrogen and a fuel cell to generate electricity using the reserved in the storage container hydrogen. According to this embodiment, the unnecessary of the solar refrigeration unit amount of electric energy is stored in chemical form, which in the present case is characterized by its environmental performance particularly. To re-generation is a fuel cell for use, which can be alternatively supplied by products not produced by the solar refrigeration unit hydrogen appropriately. Consequently, it can be ensured that the solar cooling unit can be supplied in insufficient light conditions, ie with low sunlight or at night with sufficient electrical energy.

p0038In a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention, the refrigerator is designed so that it absorbs into the at least one solar collector system or collective collector heated to a first temperature fluid through the fluid conduit system as an input fluid to operate, and with as starting fluid, the fluid or other fluid a second compared to the first temperature outputs lower temperature, in particular wherein the first temperature is between 50 ° C and 150 ° C, and especially between 70 ° C and 95 ° C and the second temperature is between 20 ° C and 50 ° C, in particular is between 40 ° C and 45 ° C. Accordingly, in particular the joint panels previously described are suitable for supplying the refrigerator with heated input fluid since the thermal efficiency of joint panels for a yield at temperatures up to about 100 ° C is particularly high. The outputted as output fluid of the chiller fluid of a second temperature can be particularly suitable to use for swimming pool heating or Brauchwasservorwärmung.

p0039In a preferred embodiment, the solar cooling unit further comprises a high-temperature heat pump or an adsorption / absorption heat pump, absorbs the heat emitted by the refrigerator as a heat transfer to the operation and at least partially with by the at least one solar collector system and the collective collector provisioned electrical energy or supplied with external energy is to provide heat, which has a higher heat content than the heat given off transfer of the chiller. The use of a high-temperature heat pump or an adsorption / absorption heat pump thus permits the output of the chiller heat which is typically contained in a flow of a fluid at a temperature of up to about 45 ° C, to increase yet, so that a charge a fluid can be achieved with a temperature of up to 100 ° C. This caloric treatment allows, in particular to supply industrial processes with sufficient heat or with a fluid flow of a sufficient temperature. Here especially fluid flows at a temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C are in demand in industrial processes. By using the output from the chiller heat as a heat transfer can be in energetically economical manner a higher Temerpaturniveau produce.

p0040For example, the hot water needed in a hotel are made of 60 ° C with a relatively low efficiency because of the relatively small difference in temperature of light emitted from the chiller water and the output from the high-temperature heat pump or adsorption / absorption heat pump water a calorically particularly favorable transfer of heat allowed. Here, a COP (ratio of inserted electrical power to usable heat) of about 4 can be achieved, ie it must only 25% electric power can be used to obtain water at 60 ° C, corresponding to 100% of the available heat conduction.

p0041Another advantage of the use of the refrigerator as a heat source is also in the fact that even without direct use of heat suitable recooling of solar refrigeration unit or chiller occurs, whereby no separate energy-intensive cooling down is required. In addition, can be increased by ensuring relatively low temperatures of entering the chiller cooling water, the efficiency of the refrigerator additionally.

p0042The solar refrigeration unit is characterized in a further embodiment is characterized in that it comprises a combined electrical and thermal power output between 1 kW and 1000 kW, in particular between 5 kW and 500 kW, and preferably between 10 kW and 200 kW. Accordingly own the execution proper solar refrigeration units for simultaneous cooling, heat and power supply of all housing units, hotels, or small businesses.

p0043In another embodiment, the solar refrigeration unit further includes a compression refrigeration machine, which is provided in particular for operation by the through the energy at least one solar collector system provided in direct or indirect form. According execution can the solar refrigeration unit also to provide refrigeration available when the refrigerator, for example, fail due not available. In addition, the execution proper solar refrigeration unit can continue to be maintained even in insufficient light conditions during the day or during the night hours by supplying a working according to the heat pump principle compression chiller with electric power, for example, from its own storage device or an external power grid, the cold production.

p0044In a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit, the electric control unit controls the cooling machine in such a way that they on the solar collector system or the collective collector for the production of a sufficient amount of thermal heat this is also used for cold production only with sufficient exposure to sunlight. According execution can be given the economic refrigeration therefore always take precedence. By appropriate regulation of the operation of the chiller and simultaneously the compression chiller can always be guaranteed the primary production of cold. Furthermore, by an intelligent memory management by the electric control unit controls the runtime of the solar refrigeration unit extended and their operation conditions are optimized. The scheme can be considered to improve efficiency and the current outdoor temperature as a parameter and the expected future cooling capacity.

p0045In a further preferred embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention, the electric control unit via at least one interface via an external network, in particular over the Internet, are served. A suitable software that communicates with the electronic control unit, also may allow supplying all necessary for regulating the solar refrigeration unit operation commands to the electric control unit to. In addition, all operating parameters recorded by sensors can be queried and manipulated by a remote operator. Such parameters include, in particular temperature and flow values. This can be tracked over time, whereby malfunctions and failures more easily identified and can be user-eliminated without costly maintenance each operating state of the solar refrigeration unit. Further operational improvements can be made by appropriate adjustments to the components of the solar refrigeration unit from a distance. An alternative to the network-controlled control unit is a satellite-based control unit.

p0046Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

p0047The invention will be described with reference to embodiments which will be explained in detail with reference to the figures.

In the figures:

p0048<dl id="dl0001"><dt>Fig. 1</dt><dd>a sectional side view of a first embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 3a</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>FIG. 3b</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>FIG. 3c</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 3d</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 3e</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the general collector of the present invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>a schematic representation of a solar refrigeration unit of the prior art;</dd><dt>Fig. 5</dt><dd>a schematic representation of a solar cooling unit according to a first embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 6a</dt><dd>shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 6b</dt><dd>shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 7a</dt><dd>shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 7B</dt><dd>shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention; </dd><dt>Fig. 8</dt><dd>shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 9</dt><dd>shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 10</dt><dd>a side sectional view through a comprehensive another embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit of the invention container; and</dd><dt>Fig. 11</dt><dd>another, laterally offset side sectional view through the in <figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 10</figref> Container shown.</dd></dl>

p0049<figref idrefs="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows a side sectional view through a first embodiment of the general collector 10 according to the invention, which faces with a planar light input disk 13 of the sun. The collective collector 10 is laterally delimited by the two limiting elements 18, which are shaped such that they 13 holders or absorb the light entry washer suitable. On the opposite side of the sun collective collector 10 typically another limiting element 18 is provided at the end.

p0050According to embodiment comprises the collective collector 10, at least one photovoltaic cell 11, which is also facing to receive through the light entry plate 13 of transmitted sunlight of the sun, and is arranged substantially parallel to the light entry disc thirteenth The at least one photovoltaic cell 11 is arranged on a flat light absorber layer 14, which in turn is having a plurality of conduits 15, present a total of six illustrated piping 15, into contact. The area of ​​the at least one photovoltaic cell and the surface of the light absorbing layer according to define a first surface F1 and a second surface F2. To isolate the photovoltaic cell 11 as well as the light absorbing layer 14 and piping 15 comprising solar thermal device 12 is a location are within the general collector 10 disposed at least from insulating means 90, which are arranged in reference to the piping 15 on the sun side facing away from, or the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 as well as the solar thermal device 12 laterally delimit. Alternatively, the pipes may be encompassed by the at least one location on insulating 90th

p0051The light input disc 13, which is, for example from solar glass of suitable thickness, in particular of solar glass 4 mm thick, allows for sun light conditions the passage of sun rays without the light spectrum in areas relevant to the production of electrical energy or thermal energy spectral ranges significantly absorb , After passing through the light entrance disc 13 the sunlight shines through an air space 19, which may be also at least partially evacuated in an alternative embodiment of the present collective collector 10th In an operating state the light entry washer 13 ensures henceforth suppression of heat losses by convection and by radiation of heat radiation. To the internal convection and thus to keep the internal temperature fluctuations low can also be provided that the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 is mounted directly beneath the glass cover.

p0052After irradiation of the air space 19, the sunlight hits the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 generates the visible and ultraviolet sunlight on the photovoltaic effect electricity in which especially. The at least one photovoltaic cell in this case allowed, due to their optical properties for the passage of electric power generation is less suitable solar radiation, which make subsequent to the light absorber layer fourteenth The optical behavior of the photovoltaic cell 11 can hereby be ensured by the film thickness and by a suitable selection of the composition. Typically, a silicon-based photovoltaic cell technology is used for the at least one photovoltaic cell.

p0053As shown in <figref idrefs="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> 11 applied to the light absorbing layer 14, the at least one photovoltaic cell. A shown in the drawing small spacing of the two layers is used only for purposes of illustration of this and does not exist in a real embodiment. The through the photovoltaic cell 11 radiant sunlight is partially converted to the light absorbing layer 14 of the solar heating apparatus 12 at least in the heat, which is transmitted by direct or indirect heat conduction to the pipelines 15 on. Typically, the light absorbing layer 14 to maximize the heat recovery from copper or aluminum. The pipes 15, which are in direct contact with the light absorbing layer 14, are at the proper heat transfer to an item in the pipelines 15 fluid (in this case not referred to) by particularly thin-walled tube walls in. Particularly suitable have from harp pipes that have a very small only in comparison to the overall size of the collective collector 10 cross-section, in particular a cross-section of 6 mm. While maintaining a flow of the exchange fluid contained in the piping 15, the heat generated in the light absorbing layer 14 can be dissipated in a suitable manner, whereby also a cooling of the light absorbing layer and thus the photovoltaic cell is achieved eleventh

p0054The insulation used to avoid excessive heat losses 90 are designed as suitable for heat insulation insulation, particularly as layers of mineral wool, which is characterized by its good thermal insulation properties. Typical thicknesses of the layers of mineral wool for example, be 60 mm on the side facing away from sun. The layers of insulation 90 may in this case be connected to the limiting elements 18, which can be designed as wooden or aluminum components.

p0055By the contacting of the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 with the light absorbing layer 14, a simultaneous generation of electrical energy and heat energy is made possible. In order to improve the efficiency of electric power generation can be ensured by setting an appropriate flow of the contained fluid in the conduits 15, that a sufficient cooling capacity is for cooling the at least one photovoltaic cell eleventh Particularly in the case of supply devices which require a large heat transfer through the included in the pipes 15 fluid, an advantageous cooling of the at least one photovoltaic cell can be achieved 11th Accordingly, even when operating under high summer temperatures overheating the collective collector 11 are excluded, while maintaining the production of adequate electrical power. Particularly when using the collective collector 10 in conjunction with a solar cooling unit of the invention, a sufficient dissipation of heat from the collective collector 10 is ensured. Since at high temperatures also usually a high cooling capacity is required by the Solar-refrigeration unit, a system of collective collector 10 and solar refrigeration unit adjusts always also the environmental conditions to prevent heating of the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 not to temperatures that an economic power generation allow more. In particular, heating to about 100 ° C is limited.

p0056<figref idrefs="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> shows a further embodiment of the general collector 10 according to the invention in a lateral sectional view. Here, the execution proper collective collector 10 in turn comprises at least one photovoltaic cell 11, which is provided with a light absorbing layer 14 of a solar heating apparatus 12 in direct contact. The light absorbing layer 14 is in turn in direct contact, which comprises a pipe 15, a presently not designated fluid for heat exchange. In a suitable embodiment, which comprised of the conduit 15 is fluid which is under negative pressure water. According to the illustrated embodiment, the heat extraction from the collector joint made according to the heat pipe principle.

p0057Unlike in <figref idrefs="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> Embodiment shown in the <figref idrefs="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> Collective collector represented 10 bounded by a glass tube to the outside. To reduce convection losses, the present glass tube 16 is evacuated. The glass tube 16 thus also includes a light input disk 13 is irradiated by sunlight which in the general collector for heat recovery and power generation.

p0058<figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3a</figref> shows a further embodiment of the general collector 10 according to the invention in a lateral sectional view. The collective collector 10 shown here corresponds to the in<figref idrefs="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> However, the illustrated embodiment is extended by an external reflective element 17th The reflection element 17 is presently configured as a parabolic mirror, which allows, not directly to the collective collector 10 incident solar radiation and of this again radiated unused radiation for producing electrical energy as thermal energy again supplied to the collective collector 10th Here, the orientation of the reflective element 17 may be adjusted such that a concentration of the radiation is the collective collector 10 towards.

p0059<figref idrefs="f0002">FIG. 3b</figref> shows a side sectional view of another embodiment of the general collector 10 according to the invention, wherein in comparison with the in <figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3a</figref> The embodiment illustrated, a photovoltaic cell 11 are not shown along with the light absorber layer 14 as a single-layer surfaces or layers at least, but as a cross-sectionally closed, possibly ellipsoidal, curve.

p0060Especially in view of the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 as photovoltaic cells coating on the light absorber layer 14 has such a layer on manufacturing advantages. Moreover, the present embodiment allows a greater use of solar energy, as the remitted by the reflection member 17 to the glass tube 16 sunlight on the solar far side of the collective collector 10 for the generation of electricity and thermal heat can be advantageously used. Consequently, the operable after the heat pipe principle collective collector 10 is in<figref idrefs="f0002">FIG. 3b</figref> by compared to the collective collector 10 in <figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3a</figref> higher efficiency in. As further advantageous is the symmetry of the glass tube 16 and the components contained therein, since a more precise orientation of the collective collector 10 in relation to the position of the sun and for changing position of the sun during the day is less important than in the embodiment of<figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3a</figref>,

p0061<figref idrefs="f0003">FIG. 3c</figref> shows a further embodiment of the general collector 10 according to the invention in a lateral sectional view. Unlike the in<figref idrefs="f0002">FIG. 3b</figref> Collective collector 10 shown comprises the present general collector 10, two parallel pipes 15, which comprise for heat exchange fluid (not shown). According to the present embodiment 15 of comparatively larger amount on the one hand by the fluid in the two pipes away thermal energy from the system of the general collector 10 and on the other hand due to the higher cooling performance through the two pipes 15 a higher yield of electrical energy by the at least one in the photovoltaic cell 11 held photovoltaic effect guaranteed. In an alternative embodiment, it is also conceivable for the two pipes 15 to be replaced by any other possible number of pipelines 15th In particular, it is also possible, instead of pipes 15, in a suitable line apparatus which is directly provided with the light absorbing layer 14 to absorb the fluid.

p0062<figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 3d</figref> shows a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the invention collective collector 10. This corresponds to the general collector 10 illustrated in the largely <figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3a</figref> Collective collector 10 shown, this is provided in place with only a pipe 15 now with two pipelines 15th It should also be noted that the two pipes 15 are typically made to improve the heat transfer between the light absorbing layer 14 and the two pipes 15 made of copper or other material having good thermal conductivity.

p0063<figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 3e</figref> shows a further embodiment of the general collector 10 according to the invention in a lateral sectional view. This works on the principle of collective Sydney collector 10 in this case comprises two concentrically arranged glass tubes 16, between which the surrounding medium was evacuated. Within the interior, that is the smaller, the glass tube 16 is at least an at least partially circular in cross section, photovoltaic cell 11 is arranged, which is connected to a likewise circular in cross-section light absorber layer 14 in contact. The light absorbing layer 14 is in this case in turn each with two pipes 15 in contact in order to transmit the light generated in the absorber layer 14 thermal heat to the captured in the two pipelines 15 fluid (here not designated). Both the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 and the light absorbing layer 14 of the solar heating apparatus 12 are executed at least circular in cross section to the longitudinal direction of the glass tubes 16 shown.

p0064The two conduits 15 received by the general collector 10 are opposed to each other on a not shown further herein diameter line of the circular light absorber layer fourteenth The present arrangement is such that the two pipes 15, in this case made on the plane of mirror symmetry of reflective element 17 as a parabolic mirror, are encompassed. The included within the smaller glass tube 16 area of ​​collective collector 10 is filled for better heat transfer between the two pipes 15 with air. The loss of heat to the environment by the larger glass tube 16 is prevented by the left between the two glass tubes vacuum.

p0065As in the previously illustrated embodiments of the general collector 10 according to the invention may be the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 made particularly preferred as the coating based on silicon on the absorber layer 14 in this case. To reduce the number of manufacturing steps, the coating can be applied directly to the light absorber layer 14th

p0066<figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> shows a schematic representation of a solar-powered solar refrigeration unit according to the prior art. Here, the solar cooling unit 1 includes a chiller 20, which is supplied with heat from a solar collector system 10 '. Furthermore, the refrigerating machine 20 is shown supplied with electrical power via the power supply line 31st The heat absorbed by the chiller 20 is provided by the solar collector system 11 ', in which, by solar irradiation, a befindliches in pipelines 15 fluid is heated. The fluid contained in the piping 15 is supplied via a fluid conduit system 30 for heat exchange of the refrigerator 20, which may for example be configured as adsorption or absorption chiller.

p0067In an absorption chiller is typically a refrigerant is absorbed in a solvent circuit at a lower temperature in a second material and desorbed at higher temperature. In the process, the temperature dependence of the physical solubility of these two substances to generate refrigeration is used. However, this requires that the two substances are soluble with each other in a predetermined temperature range. In the present case should not be discussed further on the construction of such known from the prior art chillers.

p0068According to the operating principle of the refrigerator of the refrigerator 20 is a fluid temperature fed T1, which provides the necessary energy for refrigeration recovery, together with the supplied by the power supply 31 electricity. As a product a refrigerant discharge on the one hand 100 produces a cold fluid, on the other hand, a heat release 101 by means of a hot fluid having a temperature T2. Here, the temperature T2 is lower than the temperature T1. Both the cold output 100 and the heat output 101 by the refrigerator 20 is effected by means of appropriate fluids, but which does not have to be identical.

p0069<figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the refrigeration unit 1 of the invention which as compared to the in itself <figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> Refrigeration unit shown differs in that the power supply is ensured by the joint collector 10 with electrical energy. The power supply meets the electricity needs of the refrigerator 20 and the other in the present, not shown components, especially the a control unit 40. Furthermore, the chiller 20 is supplied by means of the generated in the collective collector 10 thermal heat.

p0070Here it should be noted that in the present as the following embodiments, although a collective collector is always 10 covers, this but also by a more general solar collector system 10 ', which for the generation of electric power at least one photovoltaic cell 11 and for the simultaneous production of heat a solar heating apparatus 12 which can be replaced.

p0071According to the present embodiment, the solar refrigeration unit 1 is independent of an external power supply. Accordingly, the provision of cold output 100 and the heat output 101 can be carried out even then, when an external power supply system 51 (not shown) is not ready for the power supply. According execution sufficient solar radiation to generate electrical energy and thermal heat in the collective collector 10 is merely provided. Due to the required by the refrigerator 20 high heat transfer is a combination of a refrigerator 20 to the collective collector 10 previously described is suitable for connecting a unit particularly well. Thus with an insufficiently developed power grid, the execution proper solar refrigeration unit 1 can be used particularly preferably in particular in areas with adequate sunlight, however. The provided by the chiller 20 refrigerant charge 100 can be used to cool buildings or to provide refrigeration in industrial processes. Heat dissipation 101 can still be used to Brauchwasservorwärmung or for heating domestic water up to a temperature of typically 45 ° C.

p0072Typical applications for refrigeration at a hotel with adjoining pool require an approximate floor area of ​​400 m² a collective collector 10 to provide approximately 140 KW of hot water in the temperature range between 70 ° C and 95 ° C the chiller 20th According to the above-described embodiment of the collective collector 10 can this about 25 KW to provide electric power available, which are, however, demand only a small proportion, about 6 kW, of the chiller. The power consumed by the chiller 20 thermal and electrical energy can for example be implemented in a cold output 101 of about 100 kW (in the range of 6 ° C to 20 ° C) and in a heat output 101 of typically 240 kW (in the range up to 45 ° C). This requires sufficient solar radiation as a cloudless sky is in the middle and low latitudes of the earth during the day.

p0073<figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 6a</figref> shows a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit 1 according to the invention which in comparison to the embodiment according to <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> is characterized in that the electrical energy generated by the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 of the collective collector 10 is provided not only the refrigerator 20 to operate them available, but also an excess of electrical energy generated via an electrical interface 50 a present, not shown further, external power grid 51 is provided. A tempered supply of electric power to the external power grid 51 consequently the profitability of the operation of the illustrated solar refrigeration unit 1 can be significantly increased.

p0074<figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 6b</figref> shows a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment to that in <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 6a</figref> Embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit 1. Here, shown is 10 produced excess energy not supplied to an external power grid in the at least one photovoltaic cell 11 of the collective collector, but is saved by means of a storage device 60 in electrical or chemical form. Accordingly, electric power can encompassed by the solar refrigeration unit 1 chiller 20 also then be supplied when the insolation for representing a sufficient amount of electrical energy by means of the collective collector 10 is not sufficient. Such conditions are possible as in cloudy weather or at evening and morning hours. Alternatively, the information stored in the storage device 60 energy be used by other customers.

p0075<figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 7a</figref> shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention 1. The embodiment in this case as a partial enlargement of the in <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 6a</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0006">6b</figref> illustrated embodiments shown. In extension to the solar refrigeration units 1 shown there, the present embodiment additionally includes a high temperature heat pump 82, which is adapted to control the heat output of 101 in the<figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 6a</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0006">6b</figref> shown chiller 20 to transfer as a heat transfer 102 to the high-temperature heat pump 82nd In addition to this heat transfer 102, which is defined by a flow of a fluid at the temperature T2, requires the high temperature heat pump 82 also a supply with electrical energy, which can be preferably covered by the electrical energy produced with sufficient sunlight by means of the collective collector 10th If there is insufficient sunlight can also still be covered by a present, not shown further external electrical power grid 51 an electric power supply. In the view in<figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 7a</figref> 51 is symbolized by an interface 50, the external power grid.

p0076The high temperature heat pump 82 allows calorically recycle the fluid discharged from the refrigeration unit 20 of the temperature T2 and a heat output to generate 101, which is represented by a flow of fluid to the temperature T3. The fluid 82 discharged from the high-temperature heat pump can in this case be identical to the recorded by the chiller 20 fluid temperature T2 or different. In any case, however, the temperature T3 higher than the temperature T2. Consequently, the consumer is compared to the Ausfürhungsformen the solar refrigeration unit 1 according to<figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 6a</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 6b</figref> a heat dissipation 101 higher heat content and higher temperature available. This is especially for industrial processes as well as for hot water is advantageous since this the information provided by the chiller 20 heat output of the temperature level T2 is not usually sufficient. In a typical embodiment of the refrigeration unit 20 and its inclusion by the high-temperature heat pump 82 heat output is about 240 kW, and corresponds to a flow of a fluid at a temperature T2 of about 42 ° C. The fluid 82 discharged from the high-temperature heat pump comprises approximately to a temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C and a thermal output of 300 kW. In this case, assumes the high temperature heat pump 82 in addition about 72 kW of electrical power to which is covered to about 16 kW by the general collector 10 and the remainder of the external electric power system 10th

p0077<figref idrefs="f0007">Fig. 7B</figref> shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention 1. The present embodiment differs from that in <figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 7a</figref> illustrated embodiment only in that instead of a high temperature heat pump 82, a adsorption / absorption heat pump is used 83 to the. in Figs 6a and 6b illustrated heat output 102 of the refrigerating machine 20, which is represented by a flow of a fluid the temperature T2 to prepare to produce a heat output 101, which is represented by a flow of a fluid the temperature T4. Here, the fluid 83 discharged from the adsorption / absorption heat pump can again conform to the fluid, which in turn is discharged from the chiller 20th Unlike the embodiment according to<figref idrefs="f0006">7a</figref> However, the present embodiment required to operate a relatively low supply of electric power, which can be covered at ordinary sunlight readily by the electric energy generated by the Solarkollektrosystem 10 'or the general collector of the tenth Normally, the electrical energy is even sufficient to store a non-consumed by the solar-cold 1 unit of electrical energy using a storage device 60th Additionally, the present adsorption / absorption heat pump requires 83 also a heat receiving 103, which is shown approximately by a flow of a fluid, the temperature T5 of sometimes more than 100 ° C. The fluid or the heat can thereby be taken as a waste heat system, a steam system or a hot water supply. In addition, also the direct firing of the adsorption / absorption heat pump 83 through the burning of fossil fuels possible. Heat dissipation 101 of the adsorption / absorption heat pump 83 is performed by the discharge of a fluid of temperature T4, which is approximately between 50 ° C and 60 ° C. In a typical embodiment of the present solar refrigeration unit 1, the adsorption / absorption heat pump takes 83 heat transfer 102 a heat output of 240 kW of fluid a temperature T2 of approximately 45 ° C on. In addition, a heat absorption takes place from an external source 103 of about 200 kW. The addition consumed electric power supply of the adsorption / absorption heat pump 83 is approximately 10 kW, which still approximately 6 kW of electrical power 10 produced by the Solarkollektrosystem 10 'or the general collector in the storage device 20 is stored. Heat dissipation 101 of the adsorption / absorption heat pump 83 is approximately 440 kW and corresponds to the flow of a fluid of temperature T4, which is about 50 ° C to 60 ° C.

p0078<figref idrefs="f0007">Fig. 8</figref> shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit 1 according to the invention, in which in comparison to the <figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 6b</figref> illustrated solar refrigeration unit 1 further comprises a compression chiller 80th The compression refrigerating machine 80 is shown downstream of the storage device 60 for storing excess electrical energy generated of the general collector 10th If for example in cloud cover insufficient to supply the chiller 20 electric power generation by the collective collector 10 can by performing proper solar refrigeration unit 1 still further includes a refrigerant charge be 100 provided, which is produced by the compression chiller 80th The power supply to the cooling unit 20 can be interrupted at the moment. The output from the collective collector 10 to the chiller 20 thermal energy flow, which is characterized with insufficient sunlight by a lower temperature level than that reached in good sunlight for temperature level T1 is delivered to the consumer.

p0079For stand-alone operation of the presently illustrated solar refrigeration unit 1, the storage device 60 comprise a battery element. Alternatively or additionally, the storage device 60 current surplus generated by a suitable separating means 61 (present not shown) split into hydrogen and oxygen and at least the hydrogen shown in a storage container 62 (not shown here) stockpile. If the light influences require, if necessary, either taken from the energy at least one battery element directly electrical or using a fuel cell 63 (not shown here) by means of the stored in the storage container 62 hydrogen to generate electric power and the compression refrigeration machine 80 provided for the operation available , Depending on the power class and size 60 can be encompassed by a present, not shown further transportable array device 70 which comprised of the solar refrigeration unit 1 storage device.

p0080<figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 9</figref> shows a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit according to the invention 1, which is operated in the absence of sunlight, such as night time. In which, in<figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 9</figref> illustrated function status, is stored in the memory means 60 the day surplus generated electric energy is retrieved and fed to one or a plurality of cooling towers 81st Here, a suitable cold output 100 is provided by an evaporation effect, which can be removed accordingly. The electrical energy from the at least one cooling tower 81 serves in this case mainly the operation of pumps and evaporation devices, such as fans.

p0081Using a suitable control unit in the present, not shown further 40 can switch between the different components of the solar refrigeration unit 1 to produce a cold output 100 according to different light irradiation intensities are changed, whereby the total number of possible hours of operation, performing contemporary solar refrigeration unit 1 significantly compared to in the prior the art known solar refrigeration units 1, such as in <figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> shown, is increased.

p0082<figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 10</figref> shows a further embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit 1 according to the invention in a sectional view from the side. The execution proper solar refrigeration unit 1 is hereby incorporated by a portable device assembly 70, which is designed as a container or shipping container. All components of the solar refrigeration unit 1, which do not require the solar radiation for the operation may be added to the portable device assembly 70th In particular, a refrigerating machine 20 is received, which is supplied via a fluid line system 30 by a present, not shown, the solar collector system 10 'or a collective collector 10 presently not shown with heat energy. Further, the present embodiment shown as a further component a compression refrigeration machine 80 and an expansion vessel 74, whose function is not to be carried out in detail.

p0083<figref idrefs="f0009">Fig. 11</figref> shows a side sectional view of the in <figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 10</figref> Illustrated embodiment of the solar refrigeration unit 1 according to the invention, however, compared to <figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 10</figref> in a in relation to the longitudinal extension of the portable device 70 laterally displaced arrangement section. The illustrated solar refrigeration unit 1 still includes also a cold storage 72 and a heat accumulator 73, which for receiving the output from the cooling unit 20 cooling (refrigeration of 100) and heat (heat output 101) are provided. Accordingly, the provided by the chiller 20 thermal energy (negative and positive) between stored and retrieved according to request.

p0084It should be also noted that all the parts described above are seen on its own and claimed in any combination, especially the details shown in the drawings as essential to the invention. Amendments to this are familiar to the expert.

Numeral:

p0085<dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>1</dt><dd>Solar refrigeration unit</dd></dl><dl id="dl0003" compact="compact"><dt>10</dt><dd>Collective collector</dd><dt>10 '</dt><dd>Solar collector system</dd><dt>11</dt><dd>photovoltaic cell</dd><dt>12</dt><dd>solar heating apparatus</dd><dt>13</dt><dd>Light entry washer</dd><dt>14</dt><dd>Light absorber layer</dd><dt>15</dt><dd>pipeline</dd><dt>16</dt><dd>glass tube</dd><dt>17</dt><dd>reflective element</dd><dt>18</dt><dd>limiting element</dd><dt>19</dt><dd>airspace</dd></dl><dl id="dl0004" compact="compact"><dt>20</dt><dd>refrigeration machine</dd></dl><dl id="dl0005" compact="compact"><dt>30</dt><dd>Fluid line system</dd><dt>31</dt><dd>power supply</dd></dl><dl id="dl0006" compact="compact"><dt>40</dt><dd>control unit</dd><dt>41</dt><dd>interface</dd><dt>42</dt><dd>external network</dd></dl><dl id="dl0007" compact="compact"><dt>50</dt><dd>interface</dd><dt>51</dt><dd>external electricity network</dd></dl><dl id="dl0008" compact="compact"><dt>60</dt><dd>memory device</dd><dt>61</dt><dd>splitting means</dd><dt>62</dt><dd>storage container</dd><dt>63</dt><dd>fuel cell</dd></dl><dl id="dl0009" compact="compact"><dt>70</dt><dd>transportable arranger</dd><dt>71</dt><dd>mechanical means</dd></dl><dl id="dl0010" compact="compact"><dt>72</dt><dd>cold storage</dd><dt>73</dt><dd>heat storage</dd><dt>74</dt><dd>conservator</dd></dl><dl id="dl0011" compact="compact"><dt>80</dt><dd>Compression chiller</dd><dt>81</dt><dd>cooling tower</dd><dt>82</dt><dd>High temperature heat pump</dd><dt>83</dt><dd>Absorption / Adsoprtions heat pump</dd></dl><dl id="dl0012" compact="compact"><dt>90</dt><dd>insulation</dd></dl><dl id="dl0013" compact="compact"><dt>100</dt><dd>cold from</dd><dt>101</dt><dd>heat</dd><dt>102</dt><dd>heat transfer</dd><dt>103</dt><dd>heat absorption</dd></dl><dl id="dl0014" compact="compact"><dt>F1</dt><dd>first face</dd><dt>F2</dt><dd>second surface</dd><dt>T1</dt><dd>first temperature</dd><dt>T2</dt><dd>second temperature</dd><dt>T3</dt><dd>third temperature</dd><dt>T4</dt><dd>fourth temperature</dd><dt>T5</dt><dd>fifth temperature</dd></dl>