Cement bags

0001The present invention relates to a cement bag according to claim 1.

0002Various types of cement bags are known in order to be able to transport and store cement in defined portions. Different sack constructions fulfill different points, whereby different requirements can be made depending on the field of application, cement composition and environmental conditions. Points such as sufficient mechanical strength depending on the size of the bag, a sufficient barrier against small particles (dust) to prevent migration of the small components of the cement through the packaging material, sufficient barrier against moisture and / or sufficient air permeability ensuring a pressure equalization during the filling and cooling of the cement bag play a role.

0003Depending on the specific requirements, different material concepts for sacks for construction materials can be used, which have different advantages and disadvantages:<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Simple bags made from one or more layers of paper that are partially perforated to ensure air permeability. This goes for example from the<patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="DE3613749A1"><text>DE 36 13 749 A1</text></patcit> forth. While this concept has the lowest cost, it also has difficulties in providing sufficient mechanical strength and protection from moisture. Nevertheless, the use of these materials is still widespread due to the low price. There are also further developments to be able to use these so-called kraft papers in large bags, as is the case with the<patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="DE69806168"><text>DE 698 06 168</text></patcit> emerges.</li></ul>

0004Sacks with one or more layers of paper and a perforated plastic film. Compared to pure paper bags, this construction offers a significantly improved barrier against moisture / liquids. A corresponding sack that can be used for building materials comes from the<patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="AT413273B"><text>AT 413 273 B</text></patcit> forth.

0005There are also bags made of woven plastic tapes, mostly made of polypropylene, with a perforated plastic film as a barrier against liquids and dust. This construction offers very high mechanical strength, resistance to water and a high barrier function against water. Therefore, these sacks are often used in countries where the mechanical stress during transport and storage is highest, for example in the Arab region. However, the cost of this material is significantly higher compared to paper sacks because of the price of polypropylene compared to paper and the production of the woven sack. Several process steps are required that are labor intensive, such as making the ribbon, weaving the ribbons into a sheet, making the perforated film, and combining the materials into a sheet of multiple layers.

0006From the <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="WO2005012121A"><text>WO 2005/012121</text></patcit> again a cement bag emerges, which should have a plastic layer and an associated carrier layer as a wall, wherein the carrier layer can be a fabric and the plastic layer can be a hot-melt adhesive applied to the fabric, which is either perforated or porous. The wall should be gas permeable and water impermeable.

0007From the <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="DE102004013469A1"><text>DE 10 2004 013 469 A1</text></patcit> results in a material combination of film and fleece, in which the fleece is used as an inner layer. A film that is impermeable to air is used as the outer layer. The sack has an overlap area of ​​the film in which an inner area of ​​the film is perforated. A venting path is formed by a laterally running airtight seal of the overlap, through which air is to escape when the sack is filled. The outer layer itself is impermeable to air and water apart from the ventilation area. The sack thus formed is to be filled via a filler neck. The sack should be usable for cement, gypsum, dry mixes containing cement or gypsum, flour, animal feed or other.

0008From the <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="CN2196086Y"><text>CN-Y-219 6086</text></patcit> the result is a cement sack using a waterproof laminate.

0009The object of this invention is to provide a construction material sack which is simple to manufacture.

0010The present object is achieved with a cement bag according to claim 1.

0011It has surprisingly been found that the use of fleece and film, which are in particular permeable to air, provide a sufficient barrier effect for liquids. As a result, the ability of the nonwoven to provide high strength can be exploited, while the film is able to further reinforce the barrier effect of the nonwoven. A single-layer film as well as a single-layer fleece are preferably used. However, multilayer films or multilayer nonwovens can also be used. For example, a pure spunbond, a spunbond meltblown material, hereinafter referred to as SM material, in particular an SMS material, is used as the preferred nonwoven material. Perforated films are a suitable embodiment of air permeable films.

0012According to the invention, the construction material sack has an inner layer and an outer layer, which are each air-permeable. The laminate preferably forms at least one of the two layers, but in particular both layers. A further development provides that the fleece is arranged on the outside and the film on the inside. Another development provides that the fleece is arranged on the inside and the film on the outside. For example, the film can have a higher basis weight than the fleece or vice versa.

0013The laminate is constructed in such a way that the nonwoven provides greater strength than the film, so that the nonwoven elongates less than the film with the same force. It is preferred if the fleece expands less than the film by at least a factor of 2, in particular by at least a factor of 4, under the same load.

0014The use of pure hydrophobic spunbonded nonwoven, for example made of polypropylene, in cement bags may only be possible to a very limited extent, since the fine, hydrophilic dust components of the cement can partially penetrate the spunbonded nonwoven and make the structure hydrophilic. As a result, a barrier function of the spunbonded fabric against water is completely eliminated and a "sponge effect" occurs, which absorbs liquid and even promotes the passage of liquid. The proposed combination of nonwovens, especially spunbond, with a permeable, perforated film, on the other hand, makes it possible to manufacture a very inexpensive material for cement sacks with good barrier properties against moisture with high mechanical strength. Surprisingly, very good barrier properties are obtained if the film and the fleece are perforated simultaneously with needles, the needles piercing the material through the film in the direction of the fleece and forming conical openings which are stabilized by the fleece.

0015According to one embodiment, a permeability of the laminate is set in such a way that particles with a diameter of more than 300 μm can no longer pass through. This makes it possible to make the construction material sack impermeable to the construction material and in particular to dust particles.

0016A permeable film can be made in various ways. This is how a filled film is produced, which is then stretched. Stretching creates micro-perforations that allow air to pass through. The film is preferably stretched in the machine direction as well as in the transverse direction. As a result, the laminate can have a microporous film. For this purpose, for example, the film is filled with the filler with at least 20% by weight, but in particular at least 30% by weight and preferably up to 50% by weight. Stretching can also tear open predetermined breaking points previously made in the film material, which also allow air permeability. A microporosity can also be provided, for example in the case of a film which has closable openings.

0017If, for example, mechanical perforation of the laminate is carried out with needles, this causes the film to penetrate into the fleece. The fleece fibers can stabilize a geometry created by the perforation. According to one embodiment, it is provided that a conical perforation extends from the film into the fleece. According to the invention, the perforation creates a semi-permeable membrane in which liquid does not penetrate into the construction material sack, but air can escape from the construction material sack. It can further be provided that the perforations are microperforations.

0018Perforation can be made in different ways. In addition to water jet perforation, needle perforation can be carried out. There is also the possibility of perforation by supplying energy, for example in the form of ultrasound. Perforation can also be carried out by electron discharge. When perforating, for example, not only the film but also the fleece and / or another layer can also be perforated. According to one embodiment, it is provided that a connection between the layers is thereby created. The connection can be brought about by non-positive and / or positive mechanisms. This allows materials from different layers to be hooked into one another, as well as thermal bonding of these materials. For example, a thermoplastic multilayer structure can be perforated as it is made from the<patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="DE10132196A1"><text>DE 101 32 196 A1</text></patcit> to which is fully referred in the context of this disclosure.

0019In addition or as an alternative to connecting the layers of the laminate to one another, it is provided according to a further embodiment that the layers of the laminate are glued to one another. Gluing can be done using a hot melt application. For example, the adhesive is sprayed on. But it can also be applied by roller application. The adhesive can be provided as a particle, as a liquid, as a fiber or in some other form.

0020A further embodiment provides that the laminate for the construction material sack is produced in that the film is extruded onto the fleece. There is also the possibility that the fleece is placed directly on a prefabricated film and connected to it.

0021In order to enable the construction material sack to be identified, it can be provided with one or more labels. It is also possible to print the outside of the construction material sack. Another possibility is to print a layer of the laminate that is overlaid by an outer layer of the construction material sack. For example, it can be advantageous if the fleece is at least opaque. The fleece can, for example, cover a printed film layer. There is also the possibility that the laminate has layers with different colors. As a result, the content of the construction material sack can also be identified. Another possibility is that the laminate or a layer thereof has a relief. The relief can be done, for example, by appropriate embossing. For example, the surface of a side wall of the building material sack may have been deliberately changed in special areas under the influence of heat. By means of such a relief formation, a special effect can be achieved in particular by supporting printing.

0022A further development provides that the laminate has a reinforcement, preferably a grid material. The grid material can have a thermoplastic material. But it can also be another plastic material. It is also possible to process other high-strength lattice material.

0023The construction material sack preferably has a laminate which has an air permeability according to EDANA standard 140.1 of at least 20 l / m²/ s. This enables the construction material sack to be filled without any air contained in the sack being able to escape.

0024A particularly close connection of the building material sack results if a material of the nonwoven and a material of the film are glued together, in particular welded, at least by the action of heat. A thermal bonding step can be used for this. However, the possibility of hot extrusion of the film material also enables at least superficial adhesion, but in particular also at least partial penetration into gaps between the nonwoven fibers.

0025It is preferred if at least the laminate is biodegradable. For this purpose, the fleece and / or the film can be made, for example, from starch-based polymer as well as from PLA.

0026The building material sack can be foldable, in particular it can be rolled, and thus flexible; however, the material can also have a rigidity, so that the building material sack, for example, maintains its shape even after it has been filled and emptied with building material.

0027According to a further idea of ​​the invention, a method for producing a construction material sack, in particular a cement sack, is proposed.

0028A further development provides that a laminate is produced in the method that in the unfilled state of the construction material sack initially becomes at least water vapor-permeable, but preferably water-permeable, but becomes water-impermeable after the construction material sack has been filled. The laminate can also become approximately vapor impermeable after filling. A further development provides that a laminate is produced in the method that in the unfilled state of the construction material sack is initially at least water vapor permeable, possibly also air permeable, but preferably water permeable, but is at least water impermeable after filling the construction material sack. The laminate can also be approximately vapor impermeable after filling. A film can be used which closes its openings after filling and is preferably not even permeable to air. For example, a shrink film can be used, which closes the openings contained by the action of heat due to the heat of the filled cement. Openings can also close due to the funnel-shaped design of the film due to the pressure of the cement.

0029The laminate is preferably processed further, an inner surface of the construction material sack being formed by the film and an outer surface of the construction material sack by the fleece. For example, it is provided that the laminate is produced in a first station and the building material sack is produced from the laminate in a second station, the laminate being transported between the first and the second station within an operating site, in particular a building, and the building material sack being filled done with the bulk material in a third station, a large number of construction material sacks for the automatic loading of an automatic filling are put together in the third station.

0030A further development provides that a spunbonded nonwoven is produced in a first station by means of a spunbonded nonwoven system and is connected to a film material in a laminating system, with the laminate being made permeable to air.

0031The process preferably perforates the laminate under the action of heat, a needle perforation device being heated in a region of its needles to a temperature above a glass transition temperature, in particular a melting point temperature of the film, and a glass transition temperature of the nonwoven. Devices with which perforation can be carried out go, for example, from<patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="EP1425143A1"><text>EP 1 425 143 A1</text></patcit> and the <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="EP1425161A1"><text>EP 1 425 161 A1</text></patcit> to which reference is made in full in this disclosure.

0032For example, the laminate is perforated up to a maximum diameter of the perforations of maximum 2 mm. Another embodiment provides that the laminate is perforated up to a maximum diameter of the perforations of maximum 0.4 mm.

0033The method can be carried out, for example, in such a way that a nonwoven is used in which at least a first and a second polymer together form a nonwoven fiber and wherein at least one of the two polymers is at least glued, preferably welded, to a material of the film due to the effect of hot wine stabilization of funnel-shaped openings takes place.

0034During the manufacture of the laminate or in another step during the manufacture of the construction material sack, it is preferably provided that openings are formed in the laminate which close when pressure is applied. When the film is filled internally by filling the construction material sack, openings in the film preferably close. When filling the construction material sack, there is preferably an overpressure on its interior. Through pores or Air can escape through openings in the laminate. Depending on the fill level of the filled cement, however, it is only necessary, for example, that those pores or openings which are not yet at the fill level of the cement but above are still open. Appropriate alignment of geometries in the film and / or fleece can be used to influence whether they remain open, for example, or can be closed by the cement. For example, the openings can be at least partially closed by compressing film material. For example, tube-like geometries can be formed in the film material. If they are loaded laterally with pressure, they close. Such tubes can also be produced without a perforation step. The film material can be given a volcanic micro surface by adhering to a surface, in particular to a roller. These micro volcanoes are hollow. The structures formed in this way can also be cylindrical or in some other way, in particular projecting from a surface of the film material. There is also the possibility that the film material is partially embedded, in particular pressed, into a matrix surface provided with corresponding negative geometries. Various possible basic structures of such a device are known from the<patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="DE19843109A1"><text>DE 198 43 109 A1</text></patcit>, of the <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="DE10102501A1"><text>DE 101 02 501 A1</text></patcit>, of the <patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="DE10035597A1"><text>DE 100 35 597 A1</text></patcit> and / or the <patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="DE10036780A1"><text>DE 100 36 780 A1</text></patcit> refer to. From the<patcit id="pcit0014" dnum="EP1198339B1"><text>EP 1 198 339 B1</text></patcit> there are various materials and devices, references to further prior art in this regard, reference being made to this publication and to the prior art mentioned therein in the context of the disclosure in this regard, such cones can also extend from the inside to the outside according to a further development. This enables closing, for example, at the latest when there is pressure from the outside, such as when storing filled bags above and next to one another. The geometries can also close themselves through the cement if it enters the geometries and clogs them. For example, the cement can be introduced while heated and thereby bakes in the openings. This means that no cement can follow and the geometry is full.

0035It has proven to be preferred if the laminate is produced from only one nonwoven layer and from only one film layer. The laminate preferably has a dynamic barrier property which is greater than> 95% against water, the laminate preferably also having an air permeability according to EDANA 140.1 of more than 20 l / m²/ s. The measurement methodology for determining the dynamic barrier property is shown in more detail below:<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>The laminate is preferably provided with openings, the perforated laminate being produced in a process step by combining a fleece system with a film extrusion system, a calender, a needle perforation roller and a winder. The nonwoven system is preferably a spunbonded nonwoven system. A further embodiment of the perforation of the laminate provides that the calender has a smooth roller directed towards the film and an engraved roller directed towards the fleece.</li></ul>

0036The construction material sack can have one or more non-woven layers. The same type of fleece as well as different types of fleece can be used for this. For example, a spunbonded nonwoven, a carded nonwoven, an SMS material, an airlaid material, a spunlace material, a meltblown material, an elastic nonwoven, a bikomaterial and / or a nonwoven whose fibers or Filaments have specific geometries, for example are trilobal, or have other geometries, in particular are not round in cross-section.

0037A preferred embodiment of the construction material sack and its manufacture provides that a laminate with a basis weight of at least 30 g / m², in particular at least 40 g / m², preferably between 40 g / m² and 150 g / m², is used. At least one handle is preferably attached, in particular welded, to a side wall of the construction material sack. A material for the handle can be a spunbonded fabric with a basis weight of at least 70 g / m², preferably between 80 g / m² and 100 g / m² be.

0038Thermoplastic materials are particularly suitable as materials for the construction material sack. The polymer used can be isotactic or atactic. According to one embodiment, there is the possibility that the predominant part of the construction material sack is made from polypropylene, a polypropylene-containing polymer or a co-polymer as well as from a bicomponent or multicomponent material. The bicomponent material preferably has at least partially, preferably all over, polyethylene on the surface, while another polymer, preferably polypropylene, is arranged in the interior. In this way, the polypropylene can provide high strength, while the polyethylene is suitable for ensuring a particularly comfortable fit when the construction material sack is to be transported by hand. On the other hand, the use of a polyethylene enables a better connection with a similar film material. The outer material of the fiber is preferably at least matched to the film material of the laminate, and preferably even matches.

0039According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the laminate, the film and / or the nonwoven comprise a material which comprises at least one of the following members of the group: PO, PET, biodegradable polymer, PP, PE, co-polymer, antimicrobial additive , hydrophilic additive, phosphorescent additive, fluorescent additive, antistatic additive and dirt-repellent additive.

0040A further development provides that a nonwoven web has an increased tear strength by means of an embossing. An embossing area is preferably between 10% to 70% of the nonwoven web area, in particular between 15% and 30%, with a single embossing area preferably having a size between 0.05 mm² and 3 mm² having. Embossing is preferably carried out by means of a thermal bonding step. The embossing is in particular such that the tensile strength of the nonwoven web is increased more in the MD direction than in the CD direction. For this purpose, it is provided, for example, that a main axis of an embossing area is arranged in the CD direction.

0041Embossing, in particular thermal bonding, is preferably carried out by means of an embossing calender which has corresponding elevations. For example, a smooth roll and an embossing roll form a calender nip, at least one of the two rolls being heated to a temperature which, in particular, causes the nonwoven fabric that is passed through the calender nip to melt. In addition to embossing by means of the action of heat, there is also the possibility of being able to compact the fleece by other suitable means, such as, for example, ultrasound, thermal radiation, hydroentangling and / or using adhesives such as adhesive fibers or the like.

0042The laminate, in particular the opposite side walls, are connected to one another, in particular welded, at least in one area. It has proven to be advantageous if, in the area of ​​a weld, preferably when creating an edge, at least the material there is a co-polymer. The co-polymer can have, for example, polypropylene and polyethylene. The use of the co-polymer ensures that a better material connection occurs when welding. Preferably, when using PP and / or PE, a frequency in a range between 10,000 Hz to 30,000 Hz is used for ultrasonic welding in order to introduce the energy into the material.

0043The ends of a laminate can be connected in an overlapping manner, for example. For example, wide areas can be welded together. Another possibility is that edges arranged opposite one another lie on one another. For example, nonwoven material or polymer material can also be added to enable the laminate to be joined together. The laminate can be joined, for example, in the region of a side wall. However, there is also the possibility that the joint is arranged in a transverse side of the construction material sack. According to a further embodiment, it is provided that there is no or no joining of laminate in the region of a floor. For this purpose, for example, the laminate can preferably be pulled up into a side wall or a transverse side of the construction material sack such that the laminate is only joined together there. Otherwise there is also the possibility that the construction material sack has one or more areas where a laminate is used which has a section in which only fleece or only film is present.

0044For example, a piece of film can also be joined together. For example, the film can provide an additional polymer material, which is also used in the area of ​​seam formation. In addition to welding, bonding as well as other joining techniques can also be used in addition to or instead of welding.

0045Furthermore, it is preferably provided that, particularly in the area where side edges are joined, for example by welding, a higher elongation is provided than in another area of ​​the laminate. For example, this can be provided by an appropriate configuration of an embossing, or by an appropriate configuration of a welding edge. The material used in the area of ​​the welding edge can have a buffering or damping effect. For example, the material used there is more elastic or stretchable than in the other areas of the construction material sack.

0046A seam or a material edge on the construction material sack is preferably not straight from one end to the other. Rather, it has a wavy structure that changes direction several times, a zigzag structure or other gradients. This creates a larger, in particular longer seam or edge and thus a stronger connection.

0047In addition to connecting one or more flat layers to create the construction material sack, the laminate is preferably coated either before or after. There is also the possibility that the nonwoven web has a barrier effect. For example, the nonwoven forms a barrier such that it is permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water, the nonwoven web preferably having a water column of at least 200 mm, in particular up to 1000 mm. For this purpose, the fleece can be constructed, for example, as a meltblown spunbonded laminate. The fleece is preferably also set to be air-permeable in such a way that air-permeability is in a range between 100 and 5000 l / m²/ sec., preferably between 1000 to 3000 l / m²/ sec lies.

0048The construction material sack can preferably also have a reinforcement at one or more points or areas. An area can be a stop area. In this, for example, a carrying aid, in particular a handle or handle, can be arranged. A reinforcement can also be provided in an area of ​​a floor. For example, the reinforcement can be carried out by an insert which in particular also gives shape to the construction material sack. The reinforcement can be flexible as well as rigid. It can consist of one or more layers. The material of the reinforcement can be a plastic, in particular from a polymer from which the laminate and in particular the nonwoven is made. The laminate itself or a fleece can also be used as reinforcement. In the case of a handle, a handle reinforcement can on the one hand provide an area of ​​a joint between the actual carrying bag and the handle. For example, an additional material can be made available which enables a connection to a material of the handle. There is also the possibility that the reinforcement prevents pulling out of one or more handles. For this purpose, the reinforcement can additionally be connected to the handle and a side wall of the construction material sack. There is also the possibility of providing reinforcement in the area of ​​an actual grip area. Such reinforcement can be, for example, a widening of the handle area, thereby avoiding cutting the handles into a palm. In particular, a reinforcement is also used to enable a widening of an attack surface of the handles to be carried and thus to be supported in one hand. For this purpose, the reinforcement can consist, for example, of cardboard, paper, foam or the like.

0049For example, the method for producing the construction material sacks is carried out in such a way that the laminate is made available using the nonwoven web, the laminate being folded in the MD direction of the nonwoven, that is to say in the machine direction, the manufacturing direction of the nonwoven in the machine, and opposite one another Sides of the laminate are processed into side walls of the construction material sack, the laminate being processed in such a way that the fleece extends from a bottom of the construction material sack to a filling opening in the CD direction.

0050The following figures show:<ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> an exemplary view of a first embodiment of a construction material sack,</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> a first exemplary embodiment of a first and a second station for producing a laminate which is used for producing the construction material sack,</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> : a second embodiment of a plant for producing the laminate,</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> : a feed of a fleece for the production of the laminate,</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref>: an embodiment not according to the invention,</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 6</figref>: a determination of a dynamic barrier of the laminate,</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> : another plant for the production and filling of a construction material sack, and</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 8</figref> : an exemplary schematic view of a surface of a laminate.</li></ul>

0051<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows an exemplary view of a first embodiment of a building material sack 1. The building material sack 1 can in particular have an elongated extension, wherein it has an approximately cuboid shape. A laminate 2 is used to produce the building material 1. The construction material sack 1 is preferably produced exclusively from the laminate 2. An exemplary embodiment of the laminate 2 is shown enlarged. Here, a first layer 3 made of a film material is present, which is connected to a second layer 5 via a connection 4, shown in the form of crosses. The first layer is preferably a thermoplastic film. This can be deformed three-dimensionally, for example. The second layer is a nonwoven, in particular a spunbond. The first layer 3 as well as the second layer 5 are each air-permeable. The laminate 2 formed in this way is thus also air-permeable overall. The laminate 2, but at least one layer thereof, preferably has a water column which is at least 30 cm. The connection 4 can be made, for example, by an adhesive layer, but also by fusing and tacking the first and second layers 3, 5 together. The laminate forms at least one sack wall 6 of the construction material sack 1 shown. Here, the film preferably forms an inner layer 7, while the nonwoven forms an outer layer 8 of the construction material sack 1. The construction material bag 1 preferably has a grip area 9. This allows an improved, in particular manual, transport of the construction material bag 1, in particular when it is filled. The grip area 9 can be designed in a wide variety of ways. It can be present at a head end of the construction material sack 1 as shown. There is also the possibility that there is at least one grip area on each of two opposite longitudinal sides of the construction material bag 1. However, a grip area can also be present on a transverse side of the construction material sack 1. The grip area is preferably also made from the laminate 2. For this purpose, the grip area 9 can also have additional reinforcement. The laminate 2 is preferably air-permeable in the entire area of ​​the construction material sack 1 used. For this purpose, there are several openings 10 in the film. The openings 10 are perforated, but can also be formed by microporosities. If perforations are produced, they are arranged in a regular pattern according to one embodiment. According to another embodiment, the perforations are irregular. Furthermore, the openings also extend through the connection 4 and the connected fleece. This is achieved through a perforation that runs through all layers.

0052<figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> shows a first exemplary embodiment of a first station 11 and a second station 12, by means of which a laminate and a construction material sack is produced. The laminate is produced in the first station 11. In the embodiment shown, the material produced is temporarily stored. This is then further processed in the second station 12 into a construction material sack. According to this exemplary embodiment, the first station 11 has a first unwinder 13 and a second unwinder 14. A fleece is fed from the first unwinder, and a film material from the second unwinder 14. These are led to a first calendering unit 15. There, for example, the layers guided to one another can be connected under the influence of heat. The laminate can, for example, be perforated in a subsequent processing unit 16. A needle roller calender, a water jet perforation or another suitable device can be used for this. As shown, the entire laminate is perforated in the first station 11. The perforation can in particular be carried out in such a way that stabilization, preferably of a three-dimensional geometry, which is, for example, cone-like, takes place by the materials intruding into one another. The laminate thus perforated is then wound up on a rewinder 17. A perforated laminate roll produced in this way can then be stored in an intermediate store. The construction material sacks can be produced by using a laminate roll produced in this way in a construction material sack production device, as is shown only schematically as a second station 12. A laminate roll 18 continuously provides the material for further processing in a sack manufacturing device 19. From there, the construction material bags produced are made available in an intermediate storage mold 20. The building material bags can be separated from one another and / or at least partially connected to one another, for example arranged in a box. There is also the possibility of being able to roll up the construction material sacks with one another, as is indicated by the dashed line. An advantage of such a first and second station 11, 12 is that the respective special operation can run continuously. A disturbance in this continuous operation can be compensated for by the subsequent operation in that buffer times can be created by appropriate intermediate storage due to the intermediate storage of the necessary material. If a continuously running station is therefore stopped in its operation, one or more subsequent stations can still be operated. It is particularly advantageous if such stations are housed together on a company site, in particular even in a hall building, if they are subject to the same regulations, in particular hygiene regulations and requirements for cleanliness of manufacture. In this way, long travel times and decontamination of the material can be avoided.

0053<figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> shows a second embodiment of a system for producing the laminate. In this case, polymer material for a spunbonded nonwoven device 22 is melted via an extruder 21. The extruder 21 can be a single or a double extruder. There is also the possibility of adding additives to the extruder, provided that this has not been achieved by appropriate compounding of the polymer material. A double extruder enables the production of, in particular, bicomponent materials, preferably core sheath fibers. The spunbond device 22 shown as an example can be a spunbond system. Such systems are made available as turnkey systems by various manufacturers. Manufacturers can be the companies Neumag, Reifenhäuser, STP Impianti and others. The spunbonded nonwoven device 22 can, however, also be replaced by another nonwoven manufacturing device such as a carding system or the like. The operation of the spunbonding device 22 sets the thickness of the filaments or fibers as well as the grammage of the nonwoven layer and thus in particular properties such as air permeability and water column. According to the from<figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> the resulting system, the unconsolidated nonwoven is placed on a screen belt and then fed to a film extrusion system 23. Material is also melted using an extruder and then applied to the unconsolidated fleece. With this polymer coating there is at least adhesion of the supplied, either still liquid or still very heated, film, so that nonwoven fibers and film are at least tacked to one another, possibly also fuse with one another. The laminate formed in this way is then solidified in a thermal bonding calender 24. It is advantageous here that a smooth roller 25 presses against the film and an embossing roller 26 against the fleece. The film-nonwoven laminate solidified in this way is then fed to a perforation unit 27. As indicated schematically, the perforation unit is preferably a needle roller calender device. The needle roller is preferably heated, whereby the needle surfaces can be tempered. The temperature can be adjusted to the polymer material used for the fleece and / or the film. The needles preferably pierce on the film side, thereby creating a cone structure directed into the nonwoven layer. Here, fibers of the nonwoven are reoriented during the perforation without being damaged by the perforation process. If, for example, a needle surface temperature is set such that a glass transition temperature of the nonwoven polymer is exceeded, the nonwoven forms a support structure for the conical opening of the film directed into the nonwoven, which in turn is important for a barrier effect against liquid. According to one embodiment, it is therefore provided that the polymer material of the film has a higher melting point than the polymer material of the nonwoven. According to another embodiment, it is provided that the polymer material of the film has a lower melting point than the polymer material of the nonwoven. In this way, it can be specifically selected which of the two layers should support the other layer by melting and in particular attaching the different structures. Advantage of in<figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> The system shown is a continuous production process, since such a system can be operated around the clock without interruption by sufficient tracking of starting granules for the production of the nonwoven or the film. A winding unit 28 is provided following the perforation unit. This preferably has an automatic changer so that a roll change can take place without interrupting the production process of the laminate.

0054<figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> shows a feeding of a fleece in a semi-inline process using pre-made film rolls. A spunbond device 22 continuously produces a nonwoven. A film material is made available via an unwinding unit 29. Subsequent processing stations such as a thermal bonding calender 24 and a perforation unit 27 can follow. In addition to this configuration, there is also the possibility that the film layer is produced continuously while the nonwoven is made available via a corresponding unwinder unit. The system structure itself also enables the interposition of additional processing units 30. These are indicated by dashed lines and can be used at different positions in the system. Processing units can, for example, apply coatings, emboss the material, dry the material, wet it, or change the chemical, physical or geometric structure of the layer or the laminate in some other way.

0055<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> shows a feed of a pre-perforated material, which is then converted into a laminate. For this purpose, a reinforcing layer 33 is supplied, for example, between a pre-consolidated fleece 31 and a pre-perforated film 32. The reinforcement layer can be an additional fleece layer, but in particular also a grid. The grid can in particular create high strength for the laminate thus formed. The grid is preferably made of polymer material, so that it can be connected to the respective other two layers in a thermal bonding step, as indicated by the thermal bonding calender 24. By further supplying heat, for example in the form of a smooth roller calender 34, the laminate and its layers can be better connected by heating the materials to at least one adhesive temperature. The material is then rolled up and is available for further processing. The one out<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> resulting system structure can also provide that the film layer is not pre-perforated. Rather, the film layer can also be a film filled with filler. Chalk or similar material can be used as a filler. For example, after passing through the thermal bonding calender 24, a so-called ring-roll calender 35 can be provided instead of the smooth roll calender 34. In this method, the laminate is preferably stretched at least in one direction, but in particular in the CD and MD directions. This leads to cracks in the connection between the filling material and the polymer material of the film, which makes the film layer air-permeable. For this purpose, the ring-roll calender can have a disk-like structure, the disks interlocking. The opposing rollers can also have different depths or have high positive / negative structures, partially held between the material and stretched in between. There is also the possibility that a pre-stretched film is used in the system. If stretching is carried out only after lamination, such as dashed lines by corresponding stretching frames 36, the nonwoven is preferably glued to the film material. By stretching, an adhesive layer tears open, provided that it has not been applied discontinuously but continuously. This creates air-permeable areas in this connection.

0056<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 6</figref> shows a possibility of a measurement method for determining the dynamic barrier to liquids. According to<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 6</figref> Figure a) the test specimen with the dimensions 15cm x 15cm is attached to a plate with the dimensions 20cm x 20cm on which an absorbent filter paper with the dimensions 14cm x 14cm is attached in the center, whereby only the upper edge of the test specimen is clamped onto the filter paper, around which To avoid slipping, the base has an inclination angle of 30 °. The test specimen projects 1cm above the filter paper at the lower end. It must be ensured that the test specimen is in direct contact with the filter paper.

0057Using a plunger or syringe with an opening of 0.5 mm, become 1 cm³ Distilled water is dripped onto the test specimen from a height of 10 cm in the middle, whereby the feed of the flask is adjusted so that individual drops come off. This process is repeated at 4 points on the test specimen, each at a distance of at least 1 cm from each other, so that a total of 4 cm³ distilled water has dripped onto the test specimen. When carrying out the test, make sure that the filter paper is not wetted by running water (the test specimen must protrude at least 1 cm from the filter paper at the lower end).

0058Weighing the filter paper before and after dripping on the water determines the proportion of water that has penetrated the test specimen. The dynamic barrier is defined as the result of:<maths id="math0001" num=""><math display="block"><mfenced><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">b</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi><mo>*</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">100</mn></math><img file="EP2137076B2_D0001.tif" /></maths><ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>with a = total amount of test liquid [g] (4cm³ corresponds to 4 g)</li><li>b = weight gain of the filter paper (amount of liquid penetrated [g]</li></ul>

0059<figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> shows a schematic view of a further system for producing and filling a construction material sack. The first station 11 and the second station 12 are shown schematically. A third station schematically shows an example of filling the construction material sack 1. One advantage of the laminate 2 used here is that an antistatic coating or an additive can be used, which has an antistatic effect. Since very fine-grained powder is also introduced when the building material sack 1 is filled, the use of antistatic agents permits improved filling behavior. This also prevents unwanted electrostatic charging in system areas. After filling the building material sack, it is closed. Closure is also preferably automatic. The laminate 2 enables different ways of being able to produce the construction material sack 1. Closing as well as geometric deformation can take place by means of gluing, welding or in some other way.

0060<figref idref="f0005">Fig. 8</figref> shows two ways in which the laminate can be made air-permeable. While the left figure of the<figref idref="f0005">Fig. 8</figref> shows a laminate 2, in which in the first layer 3 perforations to volcano-like geometries, which are directed from the film into the fleece 37, 37 has a right laminate microperforations, which are indicated schematically. Perforations do not automatically lead to volcanic-like geometries 37 or comparable protuberances of the film material. Rather, the film material can also remain approximately flat after perforation. The layers of the laminate 2 are also connected, for example, by means of fusions, adhesions or welds, as is indicated, for example, by a thermal bonding area 38. The thermal bonding area 38 solidifies the nonwoven on the one hand and creates a bond between the nonwoven layer and the film layer on the other hand. This can be done by mutual superficial adhesion as well as by melting into one another.