Method and device for detecting at least one item in a combustion process
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von mindestens einer Einflussgröße eines Verbrennungsprozesses. Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden mindestens zwei Elektroden (302,303) bereitgestellt, die mit vorbestimmtem Abstand auf einer die Flamme (301) durchquerenden Ionisationsstrecke angeordnet sind. Ein Signal wird an die Elektroden angelegt und mehrere Messwerte einer Messgröße werden erfasst, die aufgrund des an die Elektroden angelegten Signals resultieren. Anschließend wird mindestens eine Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses anhand der gemessenen Messwerte bestimmt. Erfindungsgemäß werden die Schritte des Anlegens eines Signals und des Erfassens mehrerer Messwerte derart durchgeführt, dass die resultierenden Messwerte geeignet sind, die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße zu erfassen. Die Bestimmung der mindestens einen Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses erfolgt anschließend aus der Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße.

Term
Projected expiry 16 June 2029.
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15 claims: 12 independent, 3 dependent
- 1Verfahren zur Bestimmung von mindestens einer Einflussgröße eines Verbrennungsprozesses eines Brenners mit den Schritten - Bereitstellen von mindestens zwei Elektroden, die mit vorbestimmten Abstand auf einer die Flamme durchquerenden Ionisationsstrecke und an vorbestimmten Positionen in der Flamme und am Brenner angeordnet sind, - Anlegen eines Signals an die Elektroden, - Erfassen mehrerer Messwerte einer Messgröße, die aufgrund des an die Elektroden angelegten Signals resultieren, und - Bestimmen mindestens einer Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses anhand der gemessenen Messwerte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - die Schritte des Anlegens eines Signals und des Erfassens mehrerer Messwerte derart durchgeführt werden, dass die resultierenden Messwerte geeignet sind, die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße zu erfassen, und - die Bestimmung der mindestens einen Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses aus der Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße erfolgt.
- 2Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt Ermitteln einer charakteristischen Kenngröße, die die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße beschreibt, wobei die charakteristische Kenngröße mindestens ein Element umfasst aus der Gruppe von Zeitkonstante und/oder Verstärkung einer Übertragungsfunktion, Matrix einer Zustandsraumdarstellung, Kenngröße eines neuronalen Netzes und innere Schaltung.
- 3Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit den Schritten - Anlegen einer Spannung an die Elektroden, - Messen des Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der angelegten Spannung über die Ionisationsstrecke fließt, - Ermitteln einer charakteristischen Kenngröße, die die Frequenzabhängigkeit des Ionisationsstroms beschreibt, aufgrund des gemessenen Ionisationsstroms und - Bestimmen mindestens einer Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses anhand der charakteristischen Kenngröße.
- 4Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte - Anlegen einer ersten Spannung mit einer ersten Frequenz an die Elektroden, - Messen eines ersten Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der ersten Spannung resultiert, - Anlegen einer zweiten Spannung mit einer zweiten Frequenz an die Elektroden und - Messen eines zweiten Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der zweiten Spannung resultiert.
- 5Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte - Anlegen einer Spannung mit einer ersten und zweiten Frequenz an die Elektroden und - gleichzeitiges Messen eines ersten Ionisationsstromanteils, der aufgrund des Spannungsanteils mit der ersten Frequenz resultiert, und eines zweiten Ionisationsstromanteils, der aufgrund des Spannungsanteils mit der zweiten Frequenz resultiert.
- 6Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte - Anlegen einer Vielzahl von Spannungen mit jeweils einer Frequenz an die Elektroden und/oder Anlegen einer Spannung mit einer Vielzahl von Frequenzen an die Elektroden und - Messen einer Vielzahl von Ionisationsströmen und/oder Ionisationsstromanteilen, wobei jeder Ionisationsstrom und/oder Ionisationsstromanteil einer Frequenz zugeordnet wird.
- 7Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt Ermitteln einer frequenzabhängigen Übertragungsfunktion der Ionisationsstrecke aufgrund der gemessenen Ionisationsströme und/oder Ionisationsstromanteile.
- 8Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt Anlegen einer Spannung, die im Wesentlichen eine Gleichspannung ist und zu einem vorbestimmten Zeitpunkt einen Spannungssprung ausführt.
- 9Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte - Messen des Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der angelegten Spannung resultiert, - Ermitteln mindestens einer Kenngröße der Ionisationsstrecke aufgrund des Ionisationsstroms, wobei die mindestens eine Kenngröße die Frequenzabhängigkeit des Ionisationsstroms beschreibt, - Ermitteln einer Sprungantwort aufgrund des gemessenen Ionisationsstroms und - Ermitteln mindestens einer Kenngröße der Ionisationsstrecke aufgrund der Sprungantwort.
- 10Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den Schritt Bestimmen mindestens einer Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses ein λ-Wert eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches bestimmt wird.
- 11Verfahren zum Kalibrieren von Betriebsmitteln einer Verbrennungsanlage mit den Schritten des Verfahrens nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und dem Schritt Kalibrieren von Betriebsmitteln einer Verbrennungsanlage basierend auf der bestimmten mindestens einen Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses.
- 12Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Regeln einer Versorgung der Flamme mit Brennstoff und Luft mit den Schritten des Verfahrens nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und dem Schritt Steuern und/oder Regeln einer Versorgung der Flamme mit Brennstoff und Luft basierend auf der bestimmten mindestens einen Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses.
- 13Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von mindestens einer Einflussgröße eines Verbrennungsprozesses eines Brenners umfassend - mindestens zwei Elektroden, die mit vorbestimmten Abstand auf einer die Flamme durchquerenden Ionisationsstrecke und an vorbestimmten Positionen in der Flamme und am Brenner angeordnet sind, - Mittel zum Anlegen eines Signals an die Elektroden, - Mittel zum Erfassen mehrerer Messwerte einer Messgröße, die aufgrund des an die Elektroden angelegten Signals resultieren, und - Mittel zum Bestimmen mindestens einer Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses anhand der gemessenen Messwerte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - die Mittel zum Anlegens eines Signals und die Mittel zum Erfassen mehrerer Messwerte derart eingerichtet sind, dass die resultierenden Messwerte geeignet sind, die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße zu erfassen, und - die Mittel zum Bestimmen der mindestens einen Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses die mindestens eine Einflussgröße aus der Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße bestimmen.
- 14Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel zum Ermitteln einer charakteristischen Kenngröße, die die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Messgröße beschreibt, umfassend mindestens ein Element aus der Gruppe Zeitkonstante und/oder Verstärkung einer Übertragungsfunktion, Matrix einer Zustandsraumdarstellung, Kenngröße eines neuronalen Netzes und innere Schaltung.
- 15Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14 umfassend ausgewählte Mittel aus der Gruppe - Mittel zum Anlegen einer Spannung an die Elektroden, - Mittel zum Messen des Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der angelegten Spannung über die Ionisationsstrecke fließt, - Mittel zum Ermitteln einer charakteristischen Kenngröße, die die Frequenzabhängigkeit des Ionisationsstroms beschreibt, aufgrund des gemessenen Ionisationsstroms und - Mittel zum Bestimmen mindestens einer Einflussgröße des Verbrennungsprozesses anhand der charakteristischen Kenngröße, und/oder - Mittel zum Anlegen einer ersten Spannung mit einer ersten Frequenz an die Elektroden, - Mittel zum Messen eines ersten Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der ersten Spannung resultiert, - Mittel zum Anlegen einer zweiten Spannung mit einer zweiten Frequenz an die Elektroden und - Mittel zum Messen eines zweiten Ionisationsstroms, der aufgrund der zweiten Spannung resultiert, und/ oder - Mittel zum Anlegen einer Spannung mit einer ersten und zweiten Frequenz an die Elektroden und - Mittel zum gleichzeitigen Messen eines ersten Ionisationsstromanteils, der aufgrund des Spannungsanteils mit der ersten Frequenz resultiert, und eines zweiten Ionisationsstromanteils, der aufgrund des Spannungsanteils mit der zweiten Frequenz resultiert, und/ oder - Mittel zum Anlegen einer Vielzahl von Spannungen mit jeweils einer Frequenz an die Elektroden und/oder Anlegen einer Spannung mit einer Vielzahl von Frequenzen an die Elektroden und - Mittel zum Messen einer Vielzahl von Ionisationsströmen und/oder Ionisationsstromanteilen, wobei jeder Ionisationsstrom und/oder Ionisationsstromanteil einer Frequenz zugeordnet wird.
Independent claims15
52 paragraphs, as filed
p0001The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determination of at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
p0002Such methods and devices are known from the German Patent <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="DE4433425"><text>DE 44 33 425</text></patcit> known. <figref idrefs="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> illustrates the device described in this patent. Two electrodes 102, 103 protrude into a flame 101, whose properties are to be determined. An AC voltage U is applied at point 111th Thus is due to the electrode 102 via a capacitive coupling member 112 to an AC voltage. The electrode 103 is connected to ground. The coupling member 112 is grounded through a resistor 113 to ground, so that the ionization probe (the flame area between the electrode 102 and the electrode 103) is electrically connected in parallel to the resistor 113th At the measuring electrode 102 is higher than a voltage impedance converter 121, a low pass 122, whose output is connected to an evaluation 123rd With the aid of this circuit, the resistance of the ionization path between the electrode 102 and the electrode can be determined 103rd Because of this resistance to draw conclusions about the flame 101 and thus on the factors influencing the combustion process can be drawn.
p0003From the prior art it is known that the ionization path between the two electrodes can be 102 and 103 represented by an equivalent circuit diagram. <figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 2A</figref> shows a common adopted in the prior art equivalent circuit diagram for this route if there is no flame between the two electrodes. In this case, the route is approximated by a resistor 201, which is very large, almost infinite.<figref idrefs="f0002">FIG. 2b</figref> on the other hand illustrates a commonly adopted by the prior art equivalent circuit diagram for the case that between the two electrodes 102 and 103 a flame exists. For this case, the flame can be approximated by a resistor 202 and a diode 203rd
p0004Based on this prior art can be characteristics of the flame 101 is determined and so inferences drawn to the influences of the combustion process. Here there are efforts to improve the circuit constantly in order to make accurate statements about the factors influencing the combustion process can.
p0005Starting from the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to determine a factor influencing a combustion process better or more accurate or to allow the determination of a not yet determinable factor influencing a combustion process.
p0006This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and an apparatus according to claim 13. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
p0007The invention is based on the knowledge first obtained by the inventors that whereas ionization segment not simplistically assumed in the prior art, should be approximated by a frequency-independent resistor and a diode, but that the electrical behavior of the flame exact and deeper by a dipole or n-pole can be described, which contains particular frequency dependent components that must be considered. The inventors have found that factors such as the type of gas and / or the λ-value parameters influencing the frequency-dependent dipole. According to the invention can also be extended to an electrical N-pole by the use of multiple electrodes in the flame, the representation. Thus, the invention allows, B to use the unit with flame renner as for e-quenzabhängiges system in electrical sense (n-pole).
p0008By suitable signals and evaluation methods / apparatuses according to the invention are recorded and included in the determination of characteristic values with the frequency dependence. The characteristic parameters can be, for example poles, zeros, gain, eigenvalues or cutoff frequencies. These parameters can be influenced by the factors such as the λ-value. The parameters can be obtained under certain circumstances, for example of a transfer function.
p0009The invention comprises a method for the determination of at least one influencing variable of a combustion process of a burner. The method comprises the steps of providing at least two electrodes passing through the flame at a predetermined distance on an ionization path and at predetermined positions in the flame and the burner (flame origin) are arranged, applying a signal to the electrodes detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable, the result based on the signal applied to the electrodes, and determining at least one influencing quantity of the combustion process on the basis of measured measurement values. In this case, the steps of applying a signal and detecting a plurality of measured values are performed such that the resulting measured values are adapted to detect the frequency dependence of the measured variable. The provision of at least one factor influencing the combustion process is then carried out from the frequency dependence of the measured variable. To describe the frequency dependence of the frequency response and the step response can be used in particular. The step response detects the timing of the measure against which the influencing factor can be determined.
p0010By doing so more information is obtained about the combustion process over the prior art. This additional information can be used to in order to determine factors influencing the combustion process better or more accurate or far to identify inaccessible factors.
p0011In other words, in the method according to the invention and the correspondingly designed device, the response to the applied signal at different frequencies detected and used to determine at least one factor influencing the combustion process. An essential aspect of the method lies in the fact that by applying an AC voltage and a measurement at different frequencies an indication of the ion mobility within the flame is obtained. Here, the fact is used that at different frequencies, a different reaction (ion mobility) of the affected ions is present, which is detected as a function of frequency. Metrologically it is possible to directly perform measurements at different frequencies. Alternatively, it is also possible to examine the frequency response over the step response because of electro-technical standpoint a skip includes all frequency excitations, in which case an analysis of the frequency dependence over Fourier analysis is accessible.
p0012In some embodiments, the method comprises the step of determining a characteristic parameter that describes the frequency dependence of the measured variable. Here, the characteristic parameter of one or more elements comprise from the group of time constant and / or gain of a transfer function matrix of a state space representation, characteristic variable of a neural network and internal circuit, the internal circuit can be represented for example by resistors, capacitors, coils, and / or diodes.
p0013Due to the characteristic parameter that describes the frequency dependence of the measured variable, it is possible to determine a factor influencing the combustion process in a further step from the characteristic variable.
p0014In some embodiments, the method may comprise the steps of applying a voltage to the electrodes, measuring the ionization current flowing due to the applied voltage on the ionization probe, determining a characteristic parameter, the frequency dependence of the ionization describes the basis of the measured ionization current and determining at least one influencing variable the combustion process based on the characteristic parameter.
p0015In this case, as a signal voltage and as a measure of a current used so that a simple measuring circuit can be used.
p0016The method may comprise the steps of applying a first voltage having a first frequency to the electrode, measuring a first ionisation current that results due to the first voltage, applying a second voltage having a second frequency to the electrodes and measuring a second ionisation current which, due to the second voltage results.
p0017Alternatively or additionally, the method may comprise the steps of applying a voltage with a first and second frequency to the electrodes and simultaneously measuring a first Ionisationsstromanteils resulting with said first frequency due to the voltage component, and a second Ionisationsstromanteils, the basis of the voltage component to the second resulting frequency.
p0018In some embodiments, the method comprises the steps of applying a plurality of voltages, each having a frequency to the electrodes and / or applying a voltage to a plurality of frequencies to the electrodes and measuring a plurality of Ionisationsströmen and / or Ionisationsstromanteilen, each ionisation and / or Ionisationsstromanteil a frequency is assigned.
p0019Use these steps to determine information about the ionization path at different frequencies. These can then be used to determine a factor influencing the combustion process.
p0020In some embodiments, the method comprises the step of determining a frequency-dependent transfer function of the ionization segment basis of the measured ionisation, and / or Ionisationsstromanteile.
p0021Furthermore, the inventive method can comprise the step of applying a voltage that is a DC voltage and substantially performs a voltage jump at a predetermined timing. In this case, the method may comprise the steps of measuring the ionization current that results due to the applied voltage, and determining at least one characteristic of the ionization path due to the ionization current, wherein the at least one parameter describes the frequency dependence of the ionization current. The method can further comprise the steps of determining a step response based on the measured ionization current and determining at least one characteristic of the ionization segment due to step response.
p0022In this way is obtained from the transient response of the dipole or the n-pole in response to a voltage jump additional information on the ionization path.
p0023Preferably, a first electrode is arranged so that it protrudes into the flame, and a second electrode is arranged such that it is located at the base of the flame or into the flame extends.
p0024In some embodiments, a λ value of a fuel-air mixture or a temporal stability of the flame is determined by the step of determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process.
p0025The invention further comprises a method for calibrating equipment of an incinerator comprising the steps of the method for the determination of at least one factor influencing a combustion process and the additional step calibration of equipment of an incinerator based on the determined at least one factor influencing the combustion process.
p0026In addition, the invention includes a method for controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame with fuel and air, comprising the steps of the inventive method for the determination of at least one influencing variable of a combustion process and the step of controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame with fuel and air based on the determined at least one factor influencing the combustion process.
p0027Moreover, the invention comprises a device for determination of at least one influencing variable of a combustion process of a burner. According to the invention the device comprises at least two electrodes at a predetermined pitch on a the flame passing through ionization path and are arranged at predetermined positions in the flame and the burner (flame origin), means for applying a signal to the electrodes, means for detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable arising due to the signal applied to the electrodes, and means for determining at least one influencing quantity of the combustion process on the basis of measured measurement values. The means for applying a signal, and the means for acquiring a plurality of measurement values are set up such that the resulting measured values are adapted to detect the frequency dependence of the measured variable. The means for determining the at least one factor influencing the combustion process determine the at least one influencing variable from the frequency dependence of the measured variable.
p0028The inventive device can achieve the same advantages as the inventive method.
p0029In some embodiments, the inventive apparatus includes means for determining a characteristic parameter that describes the frequency dependence of the measured variable. The characteristic parameter, a case or more elements comprise a group of time constant and / or strengthening of a transfer function matrix of a state space representation, characteristic of a neural network and internal circuit. An internal circuit can be displayed for example by resistors, capacitors, inductors and / or diodes.
p0030In some embodiments, the inventive device comprises means for applying a voltage to the electrodes, means for measuring the ionization current flowing across the ionization path due to the applied voltage, means for determining a characteristic parameter, which describes the frequency dependence of the ionization current, based on the measured ionization and means for determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process based on the characteristic parameter.
p0031In some embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for applying a first voltage having a first frequency to the electrode, means for measuring a first ionisation current that results due to the first voltage means for applying a second voltage having a second frequency to the electrodes and means to measuring a second ionisation current that results due to the second voltage, include.
p0032Alternatively or additionally, the inventive device comprises means for applying a voltage with a first and second frequency to the electrodes and means for simultaneously measuring a first Ionisationsstromanteils resulting with said first frequency due to the voltage component, and a second Ionisationsstromanteils, which with the basis of the voltage component results in the second frequency comprise.
p0033In some embodiments, the inventive device comprises means for applying a plurality of voltages, each having a frequency to the electrodes and / or applying a voltage to a plurality of frequencies to the electrodes and means for measuring a plurality of Ionisationsströmen and / or Ionisationsstromanteilen, each ionization and / or Ionisationsstromanteil is assigned a frequency.
p0034In some embodiments, may comprise the inventive device comprises means for determining a frequency-dependent transfer function of the ionization path due to the measured ionisation, and / or Ionisationsstromanteile.
p0035In some embodiments, the device comprises means for applying a voltage is a DC voltage and substantially performs a voltage jump at a predetermined timing. In this case, the device comprises means for measuring the ionisation current, resulting due to the applied voltage, and means for determining at least one characteristic of the ionization path include a result of the ionisation current, said at least one parameter describes the frequency dependence of the ionization current. Preferably then, the inventive apparatus includes means for determining a step response based on the measured ionization current and means for determining at least one characteristic of the ionization segment due to step response. Preferably, a first electrode is arranged so that it protrudes into the flame, and a second electrode is arranged such that it is located at the base of the flame or into the flame extends.
p0036In some embodiments, the means for determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process determine a λ value of a fuel-air mixture and / or a temporal stability of the flame.
p0037Furthermore, the invention includes an apparatus for calibrating equipment of an incinerator by means of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process and in addition a means for calibrating of resources an incinerator based on the determined at least one factor influencing the combustion process.
p0038Moreover, the invention includes an apparatus for controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame with fuel and air by means of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process and an additional means for controlling and / or regulating a supply of flame fuel and air are based on the determined at least one factor influencing the combustion process.
p0039The devices described can be advantageously employed in devices for heating, cooling devices and / or devices for generating a climate, in particular. Therefore, the invention comprises a device for heating with an inventive device described above, an apparatus for cooling according to the invention with a device as described above and an apparatus for generating a climate with an inventive apparatus described above.
p0040Advantageous embodiments and further details of the present invention are described below with reference to various embodiments with reference to the figures.<ul><li><figref idrefs="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows a device for the determination of at least one influencing variable of a combustion process according to the prior art.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 2A</figref> shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the prior art for the ionization probe in the absence of a flame.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0002">FIG. 2b</figref> shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the ionization segment according to the prior art, when the flame is burning.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> illustrates the convergence of real flame through a frequency-dependent electric dipole (n-pole).</li><li><figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> illustrating steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process. </li><li><figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 6</figref> illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0007">Fig. 7</figref> illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 8</figref> shows an example of a characteristics field.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0009">Fig. 9</figref> shows an embodiment of the inventive device and the inventive method for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process using a transfer function as the internal structure of the frequency-dependent dipole.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0010">Fig. 10</figref> shows an embodiment of the inventive apparatus and the inventive method for the determination of at least one influencing variable of a combustion process using an electrical equivalent circuit as the internal structure of the frequency-dependent two-pole network.</li><li><figref idrefs="f0011">Fig. 11</figref> shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.</li></ul>
p0041<figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> illustrates the convergence of real flame through a frequency-dependent electric dipole or n-pole. An electrode 302 extends into the flame 301, while a second electrode 303 is disposed at the base of the flame. The electrical behavior of the burner and the flame 301 may be represented by a two-pole or N-pole 304 which includes frequency-dependent components. The resulting equivalent circuit is on the right side of<figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> shown. The parameters of the frequency-dependent electric dipole 304 are dependent on the factors P<sub>j</sub> the flame. When using more electrodes in the flame which is expanded to an N pole. The influencing factors P<sub>j</sub> can be for example a λ-value, a type of gas or a performance.
p0042<figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> illustrating steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process. Devices of the apparatus are shown schematically in the Figures and may for example be realized using a hardware circuit and / or a processor with program.
p0043The shown embodiment of the inventive process begins with the creation of an appropriate signal to the electrodes to the means for applying a signal 401. This signal is in the present example, a step function. However, the use of a periodic signal, such as a square wave or sinusoidal signal, is also possible. Preferably, the frequency should be changed so far that the change of the signal is faster than the ion mobility. This allows the frequency response can be created later over a wide frequency range. can be found 302 and 303 with this signal, thus the frequency dependence of the two-terminal network between the two electrodes. The electrode projects into the flame 302 301 inside. The other electrode 303 is provided at the base of the flame. The flame between the two electrodes in this example is a burner with a flame of a gas appliance wall. The electrical behavior of the dipole is of the factors P<sub>j</sub> 305 dependent. These factors can be, etc. For example, a λ-value, a type of gas, a power.
p0044<figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process. After the frequency-dependent dipole in<figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> was excited by a signal, the next step of the method comprises detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable by using the means for detecting a plurality of measurement values 501. The measurement may in this case be continuous or discrete in time, for example. The result is a measured variable X 502, which is a function of the impact parameter P<sub>j</sub> 305. The measured variables for example, values come into question, which were determined by measuring the step response or the frequency response.
p0045<figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 6</figref> illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process. Based on the measured variable X.<figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> and the setting of an internal structure of the frequency-dependent dipole 601 is determined at least one characteristic parameter of the frequency-dependent dipole using an appropriate device 602nd An internal structure could, for example, a transfer function with a certain order or an electrical equivalent circuit to be that approximates the electrical response of the flame. Then the parameters of the dipole may be varied in a device with a method so that the behavior of the dipole of the measured variable is approximated best. The parameters determined from Y<sub>i</sub> thereby represent a function of the measured variable X, which in turn is a function of the impact parameter P<sub>j</sub> is. When parameters are, for example, the time constant and gain of the transfer function in question or a state space representation. Specification of an equivalent circuit as the internal structure of the parameters for example, could also represent resistors, capacitors, inductors, or diodes.
p0046<figref idrefs="f0007">Fig. 7</figref> illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the inventive method in combination with elements of an embodiment of the inventive apparatus for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process. A means for determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process 702 as input variables the previously established parameters Y<sub>i</sub> and basic data 701 and maps them to approximate the influence quantities Pj. The basic data 701 can thereby, for example, previously include recorded parameters with known factors Pj for a device or device family. They can be stored in the means for determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process 702 in the form of a family of characteristics. It would be in the characteristic curves, the parameters Y<sub>i</sub> as a function of known factors Pj.
p0047<figref idrefs="f0008">Fig. 8</figref> shows a practical embodiment of the inventive method measured values of a characteristic field which λ represents the step response as a function of the air ratio at a modulation of 50%. As a heat generator Vitodens 200- 35kW / D Hamburg was used, in which there is a serial device with cylinder burner and ionisation. The necessary for flame monitoring connection of ionization has been used here for signal input / ionisation. As energy pure methane G20 was used. It is clearly evident that the time dependence of the ionization with increasing air ratio λ changes continuously and can therefore be used as a measure for determining the influencing factor λ, the combustion process. The measured quantity can be used for example at a predetermined time, the maximum value of the ionization.
p0048The information obtained in the individual steps may be used by a control and / or regulation to control, for example, the supply of fuel to the flame.
p0049<figref idrefs="f0009">Fig. 9</figref> shows an embodiment of the inventive device and the inventive method for determining at least one factor influencing a combustion process. Means for applying a signal 901 generates a step function, which serves as a signal. As influence size of the flame, only the λ-value is taken into consideration in the example shown. The flame is produced by a gas appliance wall. In the next step, the response is to the step function 904 discretely measured by means for detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable 903. then a device for determining a characteristic parameter 905 determines at least one characteristic values 906 due to the step response and the predetermined internal structure, referred to herein as a specified transfer function of certain order. Use the parameters and pre-recorded basic data is carried out by a means for determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process 907 an evaluation, the results are an approximation of the current λ-value.
p0050<figref idrefs="f0010">Fig. 10</figref> shows a further embodiment of the inventive device and the inventive method for Bestimmungvon least one factor influencing a combustion process. A device for applying a signal 1001 generates a step function 1002. As a factor influencing the flame of the λ-value is taken into consideration. The flame is produced by a gas appliance wall. In the next step, the response is to the step function 904 discretely measured by means for detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable 1003. then a device for determining a characteristic parameter 1005 determined parameters in 1006 due to the step response 1004 and the predetermined inner structure here by an electric equivalent circuit is specified. Use the parameters and pre-recorded basic data calculated means for determining at least one factor influencing the combustion process in 1007 an approximate value of the current λ-value.
p0051<figref idrefs="f0011">Fig. 11</figref> shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention. This embodiment is similar to the embodiments previously described and differs from those in the<figref idrefs="f0009">figures 9</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0010">10</figref> embodiments shown by the fact that the determination of the influence quantity is done directly from the measurement data obtained from the timing of the step response. In this example, can be used as a measure of the maximum value of the voltage at a predefined time.
p0052The description of the embodiments and the figures merely serves to illustrate the inventive concept and should not be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The features illustrated can be combined in a different manner to one another so as to provide embodiments that are optimized for a particular application. Unless these changes for a skilled person will be readily apparent, they would apply to the above embodiments, as disclosed.
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Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9696034B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Search report |
| US2014248566A1 | Cited by | United States of America | Pre-grant |
| DE102019107367A1 | Cited by | Germany | Search report |
| DE4433425A1 | Cites | Germany | Applicant |
4 members in 2 offices; this record represents the family
Priority claims2
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102008028423 | Germany | – | |
| 102008028423 | Germany | A |
Members4
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP2136141A2This record | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| DE102008028423A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| DE102008028423B4 | Germany | B4 | |
| EP2136141A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 |
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| Application deemed to be withdrawnWithdrawn18D | 18D | |
| Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patentGrantedSTATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWNSTAA | STAA | |
| Request for examination filed17P | 17P | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | |
| Request for extension of the european patentAX | AX | |
| Information provided on ipc code assigned before grantRIC1 | RIC1 | |
| Search report despatchedORIGINAL CODE: 0009013PUAL | PUAL | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | |
| Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phaseORIGINAL CODE: 0009012PUAI | PUAI |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2136141
- Application
- 91628800
Titles3
- German
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von mindestens einer Einflussgröße eines Verbrennungsprozesses
- English
- Method and device for detecting at least one item in a combustion process
- French
- Procédé et dispositif de détermination d'au moins une grandeur d'influence d'un processus de combustion
Classification
- CPC, 3
- F23N5/123
- F23N2225/30
- F23N2229/12
- IPC, 1
- F23N5 12
Designated states35
- Contracting states, 35
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
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- Spain
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- France
- United Kingdom
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- Ireland
- Iceland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Latvia
- Monaco
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- North Macedonia
- Malta
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
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