Systems and methods for customized gaming limits

Description of equivalent WO 2007124269 A2

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CUSTOMIZED GAMING LIMITS

CROSS- REF EREN CE TO RELATE D APPLI CATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part that claims priority and benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 to commonly owned, co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/174,432 entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PLANNING AND CUSTOMIZING A GAMING EXPERIENCE" filed June 17, 2002, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/298,482 entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PLANNING AND CUSTOMIZING A GAMING EXPERIENCE" filed on June 15, 2001 , each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

[0002] There are currently over five hundred thousand (500,000) slot machines in operation that generate more than fifteen billion dollars ($15 billion) in annual revenue for United States casinos.

Most casinos generate more than half of their gaming revenues from slot machines and some individual casinos offer two or three thousand (2,000 or 3,000) slot machines at a single location. In fact, two (2) different casinos in Connecticut each provide over six thousand (6,000) gaming devices for players.

[0003] For players, finding a machine that they like can be very difficult. For example, a player looking for a "Full Pay Jacks or Better" video poker machine might spend half an hour or more looking for one, only to find that the casino does not have one. Such a frustrated player might then be tempted to just leave to try another casino. Even upon finding a preferred game, the player may discover that there are elements of the game that he does not like (e.g., the type font is too small, or the cards are dealt too fast).

[0004] Casinos often contain hundreds of security cameras. Most footage gathered through the cameras is of a routine nature. The footage is simply stored on tape and eventually erased without ever being used. The expense associated with maintaining and operating so many cameras is significant.

[0005] Many people center entire vacations around casino visits. Many vacationers must travel significant distances to reach a casino and thus, casinos frequently offer hotel accommodations, resort facilities, restaurants, and shopping, in addition to gaming. Visitors to Las Vegas spend an average of four and three tenths (4.3) days in Las Vegas and make, on average, only one and nine tenths (1.9) trips there per year. Thus, vacationers have limited time to enjoy gaming.

[0006] People may spend weeks planning a vacation, often beginning far in advance of the vacation. Planning for a vacation builds excitement and anticipation. Planning also allows people to forego logistical and other mundane considerations during the limited time when they would rather be enjoying themselves. In addition, vacationers frequently go through the trouble of carrying photography and video equipment to capture images to remember their vacation.

[0007] It is believed that many people lack self-control over their gambling behavior. To curtail problem or compulsive gambling, some states, through legislation and/or regulation, now require casino operators to manage or consult "self-exclusion" lists of players who voluntarily wish to be banned from casino premises. However, an ongoing need exists for additional tools that enable players and others to limit and/or manage gaming behavior.

[0008] Systems and methods to correct and/or remedy these and other deficiencies associated with gaming facilities and the use thereof are therefore provided herein.

B RI E F D ESC RI PTIO N OF TH E F IG U RES

[0009] FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an example system according to some embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 1 B is a block diagram illustrating an alternative example system according to some embodiments.

[0011] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a central controller according to some embodiments.

[0012] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a casino server according to some embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to some embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a gaming device according to some embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a marketer device according to some embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 7A is a drawing illustrating an example of a preference preparation menu screen for use with some embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 7B is a drawing illustrating an example of a gaming rule preparation menu screen for use with some embodiments.

[0018] FIG. 8 is a drawing illustrating an example of a preference preparation sub-menu screen for use with some embodiments.

[0019] FIG. 9 is a table illustrating an example data structure of an example user database for use in some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 10 is a table illustrating an example data structure of an example trip documentation database for use in some embodiments. [0021] FIG. 11 is a table illustrating an example data structure of an example gaming circle database for use in some embodiments.

[0022] FIG. 12 is a table illustrating an example data structure of an example preparation database for use in some embodiments.

[0023] FIG. 13 is a table illustrating an example data structure of an example product database for use in some embodiments.

[0024] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments.

[0025] FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments.

[0026] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments.

[0027] FIG. 17 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments.

D ETAI LED DESC RI PTION I. Introduction

[0028] Some embodiments described herein overcome various drawbacks of the prior art by allowing a user and/or third party to remotely plan and/or define various aspects of a gaming and/or gambling experience. In some embodiments, a user may customize the look and feel of a gaming device prior to visiting the casino. He may also choose a preferred game, a preferred pay table, preferred odds, win percentages, and so on. According to some embodiments, players, users, and/or third parties may also or alternatively set, select, and/or define gaming limits (e.g., to prevent, manage, and/or combat problem gambling).

[0029] In some embodiments for example, a user and/or a third party may remotely select a betting system that prevents or limits, in one or more ways, the user's ability to wager at a casino and/or pursuant to a lottery game. For example, in some embodiments, a user may remotely record a preference that limits the total number of wagers that the user may make at a casino within a given period of time.

[0030] In some embodiments, the user and/or a third party may remotely select a betting system that allocates winnings to predetermined accounts, that increases and decreases the rate of handle pulls based on gambling results, and so on. Remotely selecting a betting system may, for example, allow a user to follow a predetermined gaming strategy, avoiding tempting deviations while at the slot machine.

[0031] In some embodiments, a user may involve friends, relatives, and/or other acquaintances in his gambling vacation. In some embodiments, a user may identify a group of people who are to share in his winnings. The user may then embark on his vacation with the good wishes of all those who will benefit from his results. In some embodiments, a user may remotely submit e-mail addresses of friends so that the e-mail addresses are readily available for him at his destination casino. The user may then e-mail his friends as he wins. In some embodiments, a user may also remotely set up an account on a casino server or a particular slot machine, receive an e-mail address for his account, and then let friends and relatives know where they may contact him. [0032] In some embodiments, a user and/or a third party may remotely set up (e.g., arrange for, specify limits associated with) credit lines so that he need not carry large amounts of cash to a casino or have to process a credit application while on vacation. In some embodiments a user may be presented with, and accept, a marketing offer (and thus agree to fulfill any associated obligations) in exchange for casino resort discounts, coupons, complimentary ("comp") program points, free gambling credits, and/or insurance against gambling losses. In some embodiments a user may arrange to receive marketing offers at a casino. The user may then choose whether or not to accept the marketing offers depending on how much he has won or lost at the casino. [0033] In some embodiments, a user may remotely configure a user interface to a gaming device. When the user then appears at a gaming device, he may benefit from the use of areas on the touch screen that allow him to make his favorite bet, order his favorite drink, accept an offer from a marketer, and so on. Moreover, where a user and/or third party has limited the player's ability to gamble in one or more ways, certain options (e.g., game options, game features, wager amounts, paylines, contract play options, payment processing options) may be disabled or modified. For example, certain options may be removed from the user interface or display, or otherwise disabled (e.g., obfuscated, "grayed out", etc.).

[0034] In some embodiments, a user may remotely designate prizes or comps he desires. A user may remotely submit his intended travel plans, including how long he is to stay at a destination, how much he is to gamble, where he is to eat, and so on. The user may then receive marketing offers based on his intentions.

[0035] In some embodiments, a user may remotely select a method of documentation for a trip to a casino. He may ask a casino to use its security cameras to take pictures of him when he has won large prizes. He may ask that the casino save the results of particular spins on the slot machine, for later reenactment. The user may then be motivated to spend most of his time at that casino if the user wants his vacation documented in a consistent manner.

[0036] In some embodiments, a central controller communicates with multiple user devices, multiple casino servers, and multiple marketer devices. In some embodiments, a central controller may be operated by an entity other than a casino, such as a governmental entity (e.g., a regulatory agency; a judicial officer or agent), a commercial service or a noncommercial service (e.g., a nonprofit organization, such as the National Council on Problem Gambling). The casino servers, in turn, are generally in communication with multiple casino devices, including gaming devices. [0037] In some embodiments, prior to visiting a casino, a user and/or third party may log onto a Web site hosted by the central controller. On the Web site, the user and/or a third party may prepare for the user's visit to the casino by inputting a gaming device configuration, choosing a betting system, selecting a group of friends with which to share winnings, limiting gaming activities, and/or by performing or using other aspects as described herein. The central controller may then associate all the data defining the user's preparations with a preparation code or a user identifier, such as the user's name, a player tracking card number, and/or player's biometric data, and store the user's preparation data in, for example, a preparation database and the user identifier in a user database. When the user subsequently visits a casino (and/or other gaming establishment), the user may submit his user identifier and/or preparation code to any gaming and/or casino device. The device may then contact the central controller via the casino server and receive the user's preparation data. The casino device may then modify its operations in accordance with the preparation data. For example, the casino device may execute software for a particular game the user has chosen, or may spin the reels at a speed the user has chosen. Further, the casino device may prevent or limit some or all gaming activity by the user at one or more gaming devices.

[0038] Also, once a user has submitted his user identifier to a first casino device, other casino devices may act in accordance with the user's preparation data. For example, if a user has asked that pictures of him be taken when he wins any prize of one thousand dollars ($1 ,000) or more, a security camera may focus on the user when he wins any such prize. Further, if a user has previously instructed the central controller that he does not wish to spend more than one hundred dollars ($100) during a given week, then a casino server and/or one or more other gaming devices may track the user's wagers and prevent gaming at one or more gaming devices once the user has wagered and lost one hundred dollars ($100).

[0039] In some embodiments, the central controller and the casino server comprise the same device. In such a case, the combined central controller/server may be in communication with casino devices at multiple casinos, or, in some embodiments, may be in communication with casino devices at only a single casino. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to configure the central controller/server to communicate with casino devices at multiple casinos so that a user may be limited or prevented from gambling (e.g., at the casino devices) according to rules previously registered by the user and/or a third party. For example, a user may register, through a Web site hosted by the central controller/server, his preference to limit his gambling activity in a given month. As the user visits one or more casinos within the month, the central controller/server may track the user's gambling activity at various gaming devices, and may instruct a casino server and/or gaming device to limit the user's ability to gamble, as initially requested. Thus, a user with an actual or perceived propensity to gamble compulsively may be limited in his ability to gamble at participating casinos (e.g., casinos within a given state jurisdiction).

[0040] According to some embodiments, a gaming device may be customized by a player and/or a third party over the Internet. By logging on to a central controller, the player and/or third party may be provided with a menu of game types and a series of potential customization options, such as gaming limits. After providing customization data, the player may provide or be given a customization code that can be entered into any slot machine to reconfigure it with the stored customizations. For example, a user may log on to the Internet via a personal computer and access a casino Web site for customizing slot machines. The user may select from among several game types (e.g., deuces-wild, jacks or better, video reel, three reel, five reel, video poker, blackjack, efc.) and proceed to configure the game to his liking. For example, the user may set a default game denomination, a game starting point, rules for making automatic play decisions, game rules, a color scheme, a level of help, a bonus frequency, a bonus duration, a speed of reel spin, a font size and/or style, a currency type, a sound type, a sound level, a language, a currency, a payout structure, a payout amount, a payout option, a team option, a comp format, a jackpot probability, a total dollar limit for wagering within a given period, a total time limit for wagering within a given period, a total number of allowable "visits" to a gaming establishment within a time period (e.g., a player residing locally to a casino may only place wagers at the casino three (3) out of every seven (7) calendar days), efc. After completing the customization, the user may be provided with a customization code or he may provide a customization code (e.g., a player tracking card identifier and/or a biometric identifier). When the user arrives at a casino and sits down at a slot machine, he enters his customization code (e.g., inserts a player tracking card and/or scans a fingerprint) and the game and/or device reconfigures itself to the user's previously provided customizations. [0041] In some embodiments, information about a user may be used to provide targeted advertising and/or targeted marketing offers to the user. For example, a user may log on to a central controller (i.e., the customization Web site) and answer a series of questions about himself. For example, he might identify his age, gender, whether or not he owns a home, the types of magazines he buys, whether he has any children, whether he has any stock investments, his blood pressure and cholesterol levels, his education level, the identity of his long distance phone carrier, efc. The answers to these questions may be stored along with an associated customization code and transmitted to the casino server. When the player arrives at a casino and sits down at a gaming device to play, he enters his customization code, which is then transmitted to the casino server. During the gambling session, if it is determined that a marketing offer should be provided to the player, then the marketing answers are retrieved and used to better target the marketing offer. An offer to switch long distance service from AT&T^® to MCI^®, for example, might be skipped in favor of another offer if the player is already an MCI^® customer.

[0042] In some embodiments, the casino may store customization information about the player. For example, if the player is a frequent gambler, the casino might activate a comp payout percentage of two percent (2%) instead of the more typical one percent (1 %). In some embodiments, instead of logging on to the central controller, the player may log directly into a casino server or a slot machine. The connection might be through the Internet or via a direct dial/WAN connection. Customization data may be provided as described herein. In this embodiment, the player might be able to retrieve information from the casino about his play. The player may provide his player tracking identifier (and possibly a PIN code for security) to gain access to his account. The player may also check to see how much he has won for IRS tax reporting purposes, for example. [0043] With these and other advantages and features of the invention that will become hereinafter apparent, the nature of some embodiments may be more clearly understood by reference to the following detailed description, the appended claims, and to the several figures included and described herein.

[0044] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures that form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments that may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice such embodiments, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical, software, and/or electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of these embodiments. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limited sense.

[0045] Applicants have generally recognized that a need exists for systems and methods that allow users to quickly and easily locate suitable gaming devices without having to hunt through thousands of other gaming devices. One particular benefit to users of embodiments described herein is that users are able to cause a gaming device to instantly conform to their individual player preferences upon presentation of a customization or preparation code. The players do not need to waste time wading through an elaborate maze of gaming devices on the casino floor instead of actually using time to play the games. A second benefit to the user is that marketing offers presented via a gaming device may be much more targeted and controlled which results in less time wasted by the user having to reject offers that are not appropriate or interesting. Further, using the embodiments described herein, a user can greatly extend the excitement of a gambling vacation. The user has the opportunity to build anticipation prior to the vacation by planning numerous aspects before hand. He can test various gaming device configurations to find the one that's just right. He can get his friends involved by signing them up to win if he wins. He can arrange for tokens of good luck or sentimental value (e.g., pictures of pets) to be with him at the gaming device. The user can also extend the excitement of the vacation on the other end by reviewing a scrapbook and other mementos of his trip when it is documented by the casino. The user has the opportunity to optimize his playing conditions and other aspects of his vacation, without wasting precious time during the vacation. For example, a user can determine a good configuration for a gaming device in advance, and/or determine where in Las Vegas to find a gaming device capable of that configuration.

[0046] Applicants have also generally recognized that a need exists for systems and methods that allow users and other third parties to flexibly customize rules which prevent or limit some or all the gaming activity of one or more players at one or more gaming devices in one or more casinos. Current self-exclusion list regimes take an "all or nothing" approach by banning outright voluntarily included individuals from all the casinos in the given jurisdiction. That is, the self-exclusion list approach assumes that compulsive or problem gambling is not one of degree. Such overbroad restriction on gaming serves to prevent entirely the gaming of players who may be able to safely or without compulsion gamble at certain games, in certain limits, at certain times, etc., and such overbroad restriction thus unduly limits casino revenue potential. Such self-exclusion mechanisms also do not appear to be applicable to other gaming environments such as arcades and/or online gaming of any sort. Accordingly, embodiments described herein provide players with flexibility in limiting or preventing their play at one or more games, devices, and/or casinos. [0047] Applicants have also generally recognized that a need exists for systems and methods that allow players who have real and/or perceived (e.g., suspected by a third party) gambling problems to receive reminders and guidance concerning wagering activity at a time substantially contemporaneously to the play of a gaming device. Accordingly, disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow players who have real and/or perceived gambling problems to receive reminders and guidance concerning wagering activity at a time substantially contemporaneously to the play of a gaming device.

[0048] Applicants have also generally recognized that a need exists for systems and methods that allow players who have real and/or perceived gambling problems to communicate with third parties (such as family, friends, counselors, lenders, creditors, etc.) concerning wagering activity at a time substantially contemporaneously to the play of a gaming device. Accordingly, disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow players who have real and/or perceived gambling problems to communicate with third parties (such as family, friends, counselors, etc.) concerning wagering activity at a time substantially contemporaneously to the play of a gaming device. Communication between players who have real and/or perceived gambling problems and third parties may serve to mitigate problematic wagering activity (e.g., a problem gambler receives advice to "slow down"). [0049] Some embodiments may provide many benefits to various entities. Some benefits to casinos and/or other gaming entities may, for example, include: (i) players no longer leave the casino if they do not find their preferred machines; (ii) players play longer when the machine is configured for their needs; (iii) players accept more marketing offers when they are better targeted; (iv) a casino that allows a user to plan and optimize his experience at that casino is very likely to obtain a large share of the user's business; (v) when a casino documents a user's vacation, the user is more likely to remain at that casino so as to have his vacation documented in a consistent manner; (vi) when marketers fund portions of a user's gambling activities, the user tends to gamble more, providing greater profits for the casino; (vii) a user who documents a vacation may show the documentation to friends, creating new customers for the casino, and/or (viii) a casino may benefit from the ability to allow players with real and/or perceived gambling problems (and/or third parties associated therewith) to flexibly customize rules for wagering activity (e.g., as opposed to banning such players outright).

[0050] Some benefits to gaming device manufacturers and/or other entities may, for example, include: (i) acquiring player customization information is valuable and useful in developing new gaming devices and (ii) manufactures will sell more customization software for gaming devices. A benefit some embodiments for a marketer is that when a user submits information about himself, his intentions, his desires, and his worries, a marketer can better target offers to the user. For example if the user says he is a Mercedes® owner, a marketer can attempt to sell upscale items to the user. If the user is worried about losing more than forty dollars ($40), the marketer can offer to offset user losses in excess of forty dollars ($40) in return for the user's business. Some embodiments allow a player to select the specific types of offers he is willing to consider from marketers, making the marketer's job much easier.

II. Terms and Definitions

[0051] Throughout the description that follows and unless otherwise specified, the following terms may include the meanings provided in this section. These terms and illustrative meanings are provided to clarify the language selected to describe embodiments both in the specification and in the appended claims.

[0052] The terms "products," "goods," "merchandise," and "services" shall be synonymous and may refer to anything licensed, leased, sold, available for sale, available for lease, available for licensing, and/or offered or presented for sale, lease, or licensing including packages of products, subscriptions to products, contracts, information, services, and intangibles.

[0053] The term "merchant" may refer to an entity who may offer to sell, lease, and/or license one or more products to a consumer (for the consumer or on behalf of another) or to other merchants. For example, merchants may include sales channels, individuals, companies, manufacturers, distributors, direct sellers, re-sellers, and/or retailers. Merchants may transact out of buildings including stores, outlets, malls and warehouses, and/or they may transact via any number of additional methods including mail order catalogs, vending machines, online Web sites, and/or via telephone marketing. Note that a producer or manufacturer may choose not to sell to customers directly and in such a case, a retailer may serve as the manufacture's or producer's sales channel. [0054] The terms "player" and "user" shall generally be synonymous and may refer to any person or entity that operates a user device, a gaming device (e.g., a gambling device such as a slot machine), and/or a user terminal.

[0055] The term "gaming device" or "gaming machine" may refer to any electrical, mechanical, electro-mechanical and/or other device that is associated with providing, facilitating, rendering, executing, and/or displaying a game. Such devices may, in gambling contexts for example, facilitate the acceptance of a wager, may follow a process to generate an outcome, and/or may pay winnings based on the outcome. The outcome may be randomly generated, as with a slot machine; may be generated through a combination of randomness and user skill, as with video poker; or may be generated entirely through user skill. A gaming device may include any gaming machine and/or system, including slot machines, video poker machines, video bingo machines, video roulette machines, video keno machines, video blackjack machines, arcade games, video games, video lottery terminals, online gaming systems, sports betting machines, game consoles, personal computers logged into online gaming sites, efc. Gaming devices and gaming machines may also include "smart" table technology, or electronic devices to designed aid casinos in the administration of table games such as blackjack and poker.¹ Gaming devices may or may not be owned and/or maintained by a casino and/or may or may not exist within a casino location. [0056] The term "casino device" may refer to any electrical, mechanical, electro-mechanical and/or other device operable to be used in and/or interact with people at a casino. These may include for example, user devices, I/O devices, gaming devices, and/or personal computers located at hotel registration desks, chip cashing desks, casino pits, and so on. Casino devices may also include

Typically, such "smart table" devices are designed to ensure secure and fraud-free table game operations by providing accurate wager, accounting and card tracking data for the dealer For example, Shuffle Master™ produces the Intelligent Shoe® series of card shoes and sorters for deterring fraud by tracking cards-dealt data Also, the Tablehnk® system from Progressive Gaming™ uses wireless Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology to track chip information at table games, primarily for accurate game accounting These systems are capable of summarizing information specific to individual players, including the total amount wagered within a given period of time, player betting decisions, and dealer decisions during the player's sessions In addition to facilitating fraud-free gaming, such systems are also used by casinos to administer comp (reward) programs such things as security cameras, elevators, music systems, guest room televisions, telephones, beds, mini-bars, door locks, chairs, point-of-sale terminals, efc.

[0057] The term "casino" may refer to the owner and/or operator of gaming devices, owners' and/or operator's agents, and/or any entity who may profit from players' use of the gaming devices.

Casinos may include, for example, casino properties, resort casinos, casino hotels, arcades, and/or other gaming establishments and/or entities.

[0058] The term "casino location" may refer to the physical geographic site, complex, or building where gaming devices owned and/or operated by a casino are located. In the case of an online casino, casino location may refer to the address (e.g., the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)) of the online casino's Web site or facility.

[0059] The term "handle pull" may refer to a single play at a gaming device. In some embodiments, a handle pull may refer to a single complete game (or hand) or in other embodiments, the term may refer to a play related to a single wager. For example, in video blackjack, a user might play a single game in which he splits a pair of sevens, requiring an additional wager. This single game may be considered to include either one or two handle pulls. A plurality of handle pulls may generally define a gaming "session", although a "session" may also or alternatively refer to a single wager, hand, handle pull, and/or play.

[0060] The terms "central controller" and "controller" shall be synonymous and may refer to any device that may communicate with one or more casino servers, one or more casino devices, one or more gaming devices, one or more third-party service provider servers, one or more remote controllers, one or more player devices, and/or other network nodes, and may be capable of relaying communications to and from each.

[0061] The term "user terminal" and "remote controller" may generally be synonymous and may refer to any device that may communicate with one or more central controllers, one or more casino servers, one or more casino devices, one or more gaming devices, one or more third-party service provider servers, one or more player devices, and/or other network nodes. User terminals may, for example, include pagers, personal digital assistants, personal computers, laptop computers, handheld computers, telephones (e.g., cellular telephones), kiosks, automated teller machines, gaming devices, game consoles, and/or vending machines. They may be used to access configuration selection programs, to execute such programs (in whole or part), and/or to configure gaming devices. They may include facilities to support secure communications using encryption or the like.

[0062] The terms "player device" and "user device" shall be synonymous and may refer to any device owned or used by a user or consumer capable of accessing and/or displaying online and/or offline content. Player devices may communicate with one or more central controllers, one or more casino servers, one or more casino devices, one or more gaming devices, one or more third-party service provider servers, one or more user terminals, and/or other network nodes. In some embodiments, player devices may, for example, include gaming devices, personal computers, pagers, personal digital assistants, point-of-sale terminals, point of display terminals, kiosks, telephones, cellular phones, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), pagers, and combinations of such devices. They may be used to access configuration or preference selection programs, to execute such programs (in whole or part), and/or to configure gaming devices.

[0063] The term "input device" may refer to a device that is used to receive an input. An input device may communicate with or be part of another device (e.g., a point of sale terminal, a point of display terminal, a user terminal, a server, a player device, a gaming device, a controller, etc.). Some examples of input devices include: a bar-code scanner, a magnetic stripe reader, a computer keyboard, a point-of-sale terminal keypad, a touch-screen, a microphone, an infrared sensor, a sonic ranger, a computer port, a video camera, a motion detector, a digital camera, a network card, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, a GPS receiver, an RFID receiver, an RF receiver, a thermometer, a pressure sensor, a biometric device (e.g., a fingerprint reader, an iris reader, a topical facial pattern recognizer/reader), and/or a weight scale or mass balance. [0064] In one embodiment, a suitable fingerprint reader for use herein includes the Fujitsu ® MBF200 Scanner, which is manufactured by Tacoma Technology, Inc.™ of Taipai, Taiwan and Fujitsu Microelectronics America, Inc.™ of Tokyo, Japan. The Fujitsu® MBF200 offers a resolution of five hundred dots per inch (500 dpi), an image capture area of 12.8 x 15 mm (0.5" x 0.6"), and a unit size of 60 x 40 x 15 mm (2.4" x 1.6" x 0.6"). The Fujitsu® MBF200 may communicate with a gaming machine processor through a USB interface. The Fujitsu® MBF200 may be desirable in an embodiment where the gaming machine processor is instructed through a Linux-based operating system. In embodiments featuring the Fujitsu® MBF200, fingerprint-matching software may be employed. Exemplary fingerprint matching software includes VeriFinger™ 4.2 from Neurotechnologija, Ltd.™ of Vilnius, Lithuania.

[0065] In another embodiment, a suitable fingerprint reader includes the AF-S2 FingerLoc™ from AuthenTec, Inc.™ of Melbourne, Florida. The AF-S2 FingerLoc™ offers a resolution of two hundred and fifty dots per inch (250 dpi), an image capture area of 13 x 13 mm (0.51" x 0.51"), and a unit size of 24 x 24 x 3.5 mm (0.94" x 0.94" x 0.14"). The AF-S2 FingerLoc™ may communicate with a gaming machine processor through a USB interface. The AF-S2 FingerLoc™ may be desirable in an embodiment where the gaming machine processor is instructed through a Microsoft® Windows®- based operating system. In embodiments featuring the AF-S2 FingerLoc™, fingerprint-matching software may be employed. Exemplary fingerprint matching software includes VeriFinger™ 4.2 from Neurotechnologija, Ltd.™ of Vilnius, Lithuania. [0066] The term "output device" may refer to a device that is used to output information. An output device may communicate with or be part of another device (e.g., a gaming device, a point of sale terminal, a point of display terminal, a player device, a merchant device, a controller, etc.). Possible output devices include: a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, Light Emitting Diode (LED) screen, a printer, an audio speaker, an Infrared Radiation (IR) transmitter, and/or an RF transmitter. The term "I/O device" may refer to any combination of input and/or output devices.

[0067] The term "frequent shopper card" may refer to a device that may be capable of storing information about a consumer who is a shopper. This information may include identifying information. This information may also include shopping history information. The frequent shopper card may be machine readable, for example, by a Point-Of-Sale (POS) terminal. According to some embodiments, a frequent shopper card may store gaming device customized configuration information.

[0068] The term "player tracking card" may refer to a device that may be capable of storing information about a consumer who is a casino and/or gaming player. Typically, player tracking cards may be accessed by gaming devices and magnetic card readers operated by casino staff. The information stored on the player tracking card may include identifying information, as well as financial information, such as a number of gambling credits remaining. The card may be machine readable, for example, by a gaming device. According to some embodiments, a player tracking card may store gaming device customized configuration information.

[0069] The term "ATM card" may refer to a device that may be capable of storing information about a consumer who is a bank customer. This information may include identifying information and bank account information. The ATM card may be machine readable, for example, by an ATM. According to some embodiments, an ATM card may store gaming device customized configuration information.

[0070] The term "configuration" may refer to one or more feature values, preferences, limits, authorizations, accessibility rules, and/or selections for the operation of a gaming or other device. [0071] The term "customized configuration" may refer to a configuration designed or chosen by and/or for a specific player by the player and/or by a third party such as a relative, friend, counselor, judicial officer, insurer, creditor, employer, regulator, etc.

[0072] The term "configuration data" may refer to a customized configuration and/or information that a device may use to configure itself or another device. In some embodiments, configuration data may refer to information about a player that may be useful to casinos or third parties who may attempt to configure a gaming device to some degree for the player. For example, a marketing company may use the information about a player to create a targeted advertisement that may be configured to be presented to the player via the gaming device. In another example, a regulatory agency and/or casino may use the information about a player to limit the player's ability to wager more than a certain amount of money in a given period of time (e.g., the player may be prevented from gambling more than five dollars ($5) per day).

[0073] The term "preparation data" may refer to any data received from, or related to, a user that is descriptive of characteristics of the user's desires, aspirations, intentions, expectations, concerns, habits, compulsions, problems, addictions, anxieties, diagnoses, preferences, and/or plans related to his gambling and/or gaming experience or gambling vacation. In some embodiments, preparation data may include information (and/or documentation) useful in (and/or required for) addressing the user's concerns and/or fulfilling the user's desires, aspirations, intentions, expectations, and/or plans. For example, preparation data may include work product, such as a completed survey form, that the user has produced in exchange for a coupon from a marketing research firm, wherein the coupon is for a free meal at the casino restaurant at which the user was planning to eat. In another example, preparation data may include answers to questions that a user has provided through an online user interface, such as a Web page, pertaining to the user's preferences and/or gambling limits (e.g., a user may specify, through a Web page, that he wants gaming machines to stop him from spending more than two hundred dollars per month ($200/month) on gambling activities). In some embodiments, preparation data may also include configuration data. [0074] Preparation data may generally comprise at least two types of data, such as "preference preparation data" and/or "gaming rule preparation data". Preference preparation data may generally, for example, comprise preparation data directed to and/or associated with a customization of preference-related features of a gaming device (e.g., screen size, colors, game type, etc.). Gaming rule (and/or gaming limit) preparation data may generally comprise preparation data that is associated with placing limits on and/or restricting gaming behavior and/or capabilities of a player. [0075] The terms "customization code" and "preparation code" shall be synonymous and may refer to a code used to identify a set of stored or otherwise identifiable preparation data (which may include user preferences, gaming rules or limits, and other configuration data). In some embodiments, a customization code may be the player's player tracking card number or other unique or substantially unique identifier (e.g., an identification number; biometric data such as iris data, fingerprint data, topical facial data, etc.). In some embodiments, a customization code may include actual preparation data and/or an address of (or a pointer to) preparation data. A pointer to preparation data may be used, for example, to indicate where, within a casino device's read-only memory, predefined preparation data for that casino device may be found. In another example, a pointer to preparation data may be used to indicate where, within a casino server's memory, configuration data corresponding to a particular user may be found. [0076] The term "feature" may refer to an individual aspect of the operation of a gaming (or other) device, or a user's experience with the gaming (or other) device. Individual features might include the reel speed, the payout percentage, or the contrast of the video screen on a slot machine. Further, individual features may include limits or rules governing, for one or more specific users, (i) the types of wagers that may be allowed (e.g., which paylines may be activated on a slot machine; the maximum wager amount per handle pull), (ii) the maximum net wager amount per period of time, (iii) the maximum net loss amount per period of time, (iv) the maximum net win amount per period of time, (v) the maximum rate at which handle pulls may be permitted, (vi) the maximum period of time for which one or more gaming machine(s) will be operable (e.g., starting from a triggering handle pull), (vii) the maximum number of handle pulls permitted per period of time, (viii) the days and/or hours that one or more gaming machine(s) may be operable, (ix) the sources of funds that may be used to place wagers (e.g., certain players may only play with stored value or debit cards; certain players may only play with "won" money after a threshold amount of cash is wagered), (x) the types of games which may be permitted (e.g., slots only; all games except video poker), (xi) the identities or types of gaming machines which may or may not be permitted (e.g., only on machine number "1234651"; only on twenty-five cent ($0.25) denomination slot machines), and/or (xii) any other gambling attribute. Other features are contemplated, as discussed herein. A set of features taken together represents a configuration for a gaming device.

[0077] The terms "gambling insurance policy," "gambling insurance," and "gambling insurance contract" shall be generally synonymous and may refer to an agreement between a user and a casino, and/or between a user and an insurer, with some or all of the following provisions: (i) the user pays the insurer a fixed amount up front; (ii) the user must make a predetermined number of handle pulls, no more and no less; (iii) the user need not pay any additional money after purchasing the gambling insurance contract; (iv) the user keeps any net winnings after all handle pulls have been completed; (v) if the user has a net loss after the handle pulls have been completed, then the loss amount is paid to the casino by the insurer and the player is refunded the loss amount. There are many possible variants of these provisions and additional provisions are possible. A gambling insurance contract may insure a user against excessive losses, and may give the user more handle pulls than would otherwise be possible for the price of the gambling insurance contract. Also, since there may be no additional user decisions required after the user has purchased the gambling insurance contract, the user need not be present for the execution of the contract. [0078] The term "contract" may include a gambling insurance contract and/or a gaming contract in which a fixed number or "block" of handle pulls and/or amount or "block" of time is purchased for a single price. In some embodiments, these "blocks" of handle pulls may be referred to as a "gaming session". [0079] The terms "gambling circle" and "gaming circle" shall generally be synonymous and may refer to a group of people, at least one of whom gambles or plays games, and whose members receive benefits based on the results of the gambler/player. For example, a user may go to Las Vegas, while several friends remain in the user's hometown. The user may sign up the friends to be part of the user's gambling circle. In some embodiments, the friends may then receive a percentage of any jackpot the user wins.

III. SYSTEMS

[0080] An example embodiment of a system 100A is depicted in FIG. 1A. The system 100A according to some embodiments may include a central controller 102 (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 2) in one or two-way communication with one or more casino servers 112, 114 (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 3); one or more user terminals 106, 108, 110 (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 4); and/or one or more marketer devices 128, 130 (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 6) via a network, for example, the Internet 104 or via another communications link. Casino servers 112, 114, in turn, are each in communication with one or more gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 5). Although not pictured, other casino devices besides gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 may be connected to the casino servers 112, 114 and in communication with (and/or controllable by) the central controller 102. The devices depicted as being connected directly together in FIG. 1A may also or alternatively be connected via a network, for example, a local area network, the Internet 104, and/or via another communications link.

[0081] In operation, the central controller 102 may function under the control of a casino, a merchant, or other entity (e.g., a nonprofit organization, a counselor, a judicial officer, an insurer, a creditor, a regulator) that may also control, in whole or part, use of the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126. For example, the central controller 102 may be a server in a merchant's network. In some embodiments, the central controller 102 and the casino servers 112, 114 may comprise the same device.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 1 B, an alternate system 100B according to some embodiments further includes one or more third-party service provider servers 118. A third-party service provider server 118 may also be in one or two-way communication with the central controller 102. However, as shown in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 B, the third-party service provider server 118 may be disposed between the central controller 102 and the user terminals 106, 108, 110. Alternatively, the third-party service provider server 118 may be disposed between the central controller 102 and the casino servers 112, 114. [0083] The primary difference between the two alternative embodiments depicted in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1 B is that the system 10OB includes the third-party service provider server 118 which may be operable by an entity distinct and/or physically remote from the entity operating the central controller 102. In operation, the third-party service provider server 118 may perform methods described herein by sending signals to the central controller 102 to be relayed to the user terminals 106, 108, 110. For example, a marketing company may operate a third-party service provider server 118 that communicates with a slot machine manufacturing company server (functioning as a central controller 102) to provide players with marketing offers based on player information gathered via user terminals 106, 108, 110, marketer devices 128, 130, and/or gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126. In another example, an entity interested in facilitating the limitation or prevention of the gaming of one or more players (e.g., a government agency) may operate the third-party service provider server 118 to receive preparation data (e.g., gaming rule preparation data) from user terminals 106, 108, 110 and/or from another device. In the system 100A, the functions of the third-party service provider server 118 may be consolidated into the central controller 102 and/or another device. [0084] An additional difference between these two embodiments relates to the physical topology of the systems 100A and 100B. In both of the depicted embodiments, each node may securely communicate with every other node in the system 100A, 100B via, for example, a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Thus, all nodes may be logically connected. However, the system 100B may allow the third-party service provider server 118 to optionally serve as a single gateway between the nodes that will typically be under the control of one or more casinos (and players within the casinos' location) and the other nodes in the system 100B, i.e., nodes that may be operated by players outside of the casinos' location. In some embodiments, the centralization, security, and control that naturally results from this topology may be useful in monitoring players' use of the system 100A, 100B to make such determinations as, for example, which preparations are the most popular or how many users are currently actively planning or preparing for a visit to a casino. Further, in some embodiments, marketer devices 128, 130 may be connected to the system 100B via the Internet 104 instead of directly to the central controller 102. This would physically locate them on the "public" side of the third-party service provider server 118 gateway and allow, for example, a much more secure network on the "private" side of the third-party service provider server 118 gateway. [0085] In some embodiments, the casino servers 112, 114 may each be controlled by different casinos (and/or other gaming entities). The central controller 102 may be operated by an entity that uses system 100A, 100B to, for example, instruct casinos to limit or prevent the gaming activity of one or more players according to the instructions of one or more players and/or other parties, such as family members, friends, regulators, judicial officers, insurers, creditors, and counselors. The central controller 102 may also or alternatively be operated by an entity that uses the system 100A, 100B to, for example, deliver players to the different casinos. If there is a third-party service provider server 118, it may be operated by an unrelated entity that merely permits the operators of the central controller 102 to have access to players who are operating the user terminals 106, 108, 110 or the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126. Thus, in such an example embodiment, the system 100A, 100B may involve multiple casinos (operating casino servers 112, 114, 116), a merchant such as a customer acquisition service agent (operating the central controller 102), merchant clients of the customer acquisition service agent (operating the marketer devices 128, 130), third-party network operators (operating third-party service provider servers 118), and users (operating user terminals 106, 108, 110 and gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126). In alternative embodiments, a casino may operate a combined central controller/casino server 102, 112, 114 directly and the system 100A, 100B may only involve a casino and users.

[0086] In both embodiments pictured in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1 B, communication between the central controller 102, the casino servers 112, 114, the user terminals 106, 108, 110, the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the third-party service provider server 118, may be direct and/or via a network such as the Internet 104.

[0087] Referring to both FIG. 1A and FIG. 1 B, each of the central controller 102, (the third-party service provider server 118 of FIG. 1 B), the casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may comprise, for example, computers, such as those based on the Intel^® Pentium^® processor, that are adapted to communicate with each other. Any number of third-party service provider servers 118, casino servers 112, 114, 116, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or user terminals 106, 108, 110 may be in communication with the central controller 102. In addition, the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may be in direct or indirect, one or two-way communication with the casino servers 112, 114, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126. The central controller 102, the third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may each be physically proximate to each other or geographically remote from each other. The central controller 102, the third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may each include input devices 202, 302, 402, 412, 502, 510, 512, 602, 610, 700, 800 and output devices 202, 302, 402, 408, 502, 508, 602, 608, 700, 800, as described herein. [0088] As indicated, communication between the central controller 102, the third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may be direct or indirect, such as over an Internet Protocol (IP) network such as the Internet 104, an intranet, or an extranet through a Web site maintained by the central controller 102 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118) on a remote server or over an online data network including commercial on-line service providers, bulletin board systems, routers, gateways, and the like. In some embodiments, the nodes may communicate with each other over local area networks including Ethernet, Token Ring, and the like, RF communications, IR communications, microwave communications, cable television systems, satellite links, a WAN, an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), other wireless networks, and the like.

[0089] Devices in communication with each other need not be continually transmitting to each other. On the contrary, such devices need only transmit to each other as necessary, and may actually refrain from exchanging data most of the time. For example, a device in communication with another device via the Internet 104 may not transmit data to the other device for weeks at a time. [0090] The central controller 102 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118) may function as a "Web server" that presents and/or generates Web pages that are documents stored on Internet-connected computers accessible via the World Wide Web using protocols such as, e.g., the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Such documents typically include one or more Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) files, associated graphics, and script files. A Web server allows communication with the central controller 102 in a manner known in the art. The gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 and the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may use a Web browser, such as NAVIGATOR^® published by NETSCAPE^® for accessing HTML forms generated or maintained by or on behalf of the central controller 102 and/or the third-party service provider server 118. [0091] As indicated, any or all of the central controller 102, the third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may include or be part of, e.g., processor based cash registers, telephones, Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems such as the ML400-IVR designed by Missing Link Interactive Voice Response Systems™, cellular/wireless phones, vending machines, pagers, gaming devices including slot machines, personal computers, portable types of computers, such as a laptop computer, a wearable computer, a palm-top computer, a hand-held computer, a smart card, and/or a PDA. Further details of the central controller 102, the third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and the user terminals 106, 108, 110 are provided herein. [0092] As indicated above, in some embodiments, the central controller 102 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118) may include casino servers 112, 114, and/or user terminals 106, 108, 110. Further, the central controller 102 may communicate with gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 and players via gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 directly instead of through the casino servers 112, 114. In addition, the central controller 102 may communicate with users directly instead of through the user terminals 106, 108, 110 or gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126. Although not pictured, the central controller 102, the third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, the marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may also be in communication with one or more consumer and/or merchant credit institutions to effect transactions and may do so directly or via a secure financial network such as the Fedwire network maintained by the United States Federal Reserve System, the Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network, the Clearing House Interbank Payments System (CHIPS), or the like.

[0093] In operation, the casino servers 112, 114 and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 may exchange information about the player and the player's preparation data via the central controller 102. In embodiments with a third-party service provider server 118, the casino servers 112, 114, and/or the user terminals 106, 108, 110 and/or the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 may exchange information about the player via the third-party service provider server 118. The casino servers 112, 114 may, for example, provide information related to casino features or other information to the central controller 102 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118). The user terminals 106, 108, 110 may provide user preparation data to the central controller 102 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118). The central controller 102 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118) may provide information about players and their preparation data to the casino servers 112, 114 and also preparation codes to the user terminals 106, 108, 110 for later use by players at the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 in the casino location. In some embodiments, upon receiving a preparation code from a gaming device 120 or other casino device, a casino server 112 may communicate instructions to the gaming device 120 to configure itself according to a stored configuration associated with the preparation code.

IV. Devices

[0094] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating details of an example of a central controller 200 (e.g., the central controller 102 of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B; and/or an example of a third-party service provider server 118 of FIG. 1 B). The central controller 200 may generally be operative to manage systems (such as the system 100A, 100B of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B) and/or execute the methods and processes as described herein. The central controller 200 may, for example, be implemented as one or more system controllers, one or more dedicated hardware circuits, one or more appropriately programmed general purpose computers, or any other similar electronic, mechanical, electromechanical, and/or human operated device. For example, in FIG. 1 B, the central controller 102, 200 is depicted as coupled to a third-party service provider server 118. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 B, these two servers may provide the same functions as the central controller 102, 200 alone in the embodiment of FIG. 1A.

[0095] The central controller 200 (and/or the third-party service provider server 118) may include a processor 201 , such as one or more Intel^® Pentium^® processors. The processor 201 may include and/or be coupled to one or more clocks or timers (not pictured) and one or more communication ports 202 through which the processor 201 communicates with other devices (such as the casino servers 112, 114, the user terminals 106, 108, 110, the gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, marketer devices 128, 130, and/or the third-party service provider server 118 of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B). The processor 201 may also or alternatively be in communication with a data storage device 204. The data storage device 204 may include any appropriate combination of magnetic, optical and/or semiconductor memory, and may include, for example, additional processors, communication ports, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Compact Disc (CD) and/or a hard disk. The processor 201 and the storage device 204 may each be, for example: (i) located entirely within a single computer or other computing device; or (ii) connected to each other by a remote communication medium, such as a serial port cable, a LAN, a telephone line, radio frequency transceiver, a fiber optic connection or the like. In some embodiments for example, the central controller 200 may comprise one or more computers (or processors 201 ) that are connected to a remote server computer operative to maintain databases, where the data storage device 204 is comprised of the combination of the remote server computer and the associated databases. [0096] The data storage device 204 generally stores a program 206 for controlling the processor 201. The processor 201 performs instructions of the program 206, for example, and thereby operates in accordance with embodiments described herein. Some embodiments may be embodied as a computer program developed using an object oriented language that allows the modeling of complex systems with modular objects to create abstractions that are representative of real world, physical objects and their interrelationships. However, it should be understood that the embodiments as described herein can be implemented in many different ways using a wide range of programming techniques as well as general purpose hardware systems or dedicated controllers. The program 206 may be stored in a compressed, un-compiled and/or encrypted format. The program 206 furthermore may include program elements that may be generally useful, such as an operating system, a database management system and device drivers for allowing the processor 201 to interface with computer peripheral devices. Appropriate general purpose program elements are known to those skilled in the art, and need not be described in detail herein. [0097] Further, the program 206 is generally operative to execute a number of specific modules or subroutines which may include (but are not limited to) one or more routines to (i) identify a user at a user terminal 106, 108, 110 as a potential user of a custom configured gaming device 120, 122, 124, 126; (ii) one or more routines to receive information about a user; (iii) one or more routines to provide casino feature information to a user at a user terminal 106, 108, 110; (iv) one or more routines to generate a preparation code and associate it with a player's preparation data; (v) one or more routines to store a player's preparation data; (vi) one or more routines to securely communicate stored preparation codes and the associated preparation data to the casino servers 112, 114; (vii) one or more routines to facilitate and control communications between casino servers 112, 114, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, marketer devices 128, 130, user terminals 106, 108, 110, the central controller 102, and/or a third-party service provider server 118; and/or (viii) one or more routines to control databases or software objects that track information regarding users, casinos, merchants, other third-parties, user terminals 106, 108, 110, gambling results, preparation data, preparation codes, casino features, gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126, and fulfillment of user requests. Examples of these routines and their operation are described in detail herein, such as in conjunction with the flowcharts of the methods 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700 depicted in and described with respect to FIG. 14, FIG. 15, FIG. 16, and/or FIG. 17.

[0098] According to some embodiments, the instructions of the program 206 may be read into a main memory of the processor 201 from another computer-readable medium, such from a ROM to a RAM. Execution of sequences of the instructions in the program 206 causes processor 201 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry or integrated circuits may be used in place of, or in combination with, software instructions for implementation of the processes described herein. Thus, embodiments are not limited to any specific combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software.

[0099] In addition to the program 206, the storage device 204 is generally also operative to store (i) a user database 208, (ii) a trip documentation database 210, (iii) a gambling circle database 212, and (iv) a preparation database 214. The databases 208, 210, 212, 214 are described in detail herein and example structures are depicted with sample entries in the accompanying figures. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the schematic illustrations and accompanying descriptions of the sample databases presented herein are exemplary arrangements for stored representations of information. Any number of other arrangements may be employed besides those suggested by the tables shown. For example, even though four (4) separate databases are illustrated, embodiments may be practiced effectively using one (1), two (2), three (3), five (5), or more functionally equivalent databases. Similarly, the illustrated entries of the databases represent exemplary information only; those skilled in the art will understand that the number and content of the entries can be different from those illustrated herein. Further, despite the depiction of the databases as tables, an object-based model could be used to store and manipulate the data types of the present invention and likewise, object methods or behaviors can be used to implement the processes described herein.

[0100] Turning to FIG. 3, a block diagram depicting an example a casino server 300 (such as the casino server 112, 114 of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B) includes a processor 301 coupled to a communications port 302, a data storage device 304 that stores a casino server program 306, a local copy of relevant entries of the user database 308, and a local copy of relevant entries of the preparation database 314. In embodiments in which, for example, the central controller 102, 200 serves/controls multiple casinos operated by different entities, a casino may wish to have a local copy of the portions of the central controller's databases 208, 210, 212, 214 that include entries related to that casino and exclude other casinos' access to that casino's information. Thus, the example embodiment of a casino server 300 depicts local copies of some of the databases 208, 210, 212, 214 of FIG. 2 to illustrate this point. This redundant configuration may provide enhanced system performance by reducing network communications. A casino server program 306 may include one or more routines to respond to requests from gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126 for preparation data for, in some embodiments, particular players or, in other embodiments, specified preparation codes. In other words, the local copy of the user database 308 may provide the casino server program 306 with access to information about specific players while the local copy of the preparation code database 314 may provide access to the preparation data. In some embodiments, local copies of the databases are not stored on the casino server 300 and instead, the casino server program 306 accesses the user database 208 and the preparation database 214 stored and maintained on the central controller 102, 200. Likewise, in some embodiments, the database may only exist on the casino server 300 and the central controller 102, 200 accesses the casino server 300 for the data. This distributed configuration may provide enhanced system security by allowing different casinos to store and maintain their own databases.

[0101] Turning to FIG. 4, a block diagram of an example user terminal 400 (e.g., the user terminal 106, 108, 110 of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B) is depicted. The user terminal 400 according to some embodiments may include a processor 401 coupled to a communications port 402, a data storage device 404 that stores a user terminal program 406, an output device 408, and an input device 412. A user terminal program 406 may include one or more routines to facilitate and control communications and interaction with the central controller 102, 200 as well as a user interface to facilitate communications and interaction with a player. Example display screen images of such a user interface are provided in FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, and FIG. 8, herein. An optional security device (not pictured) connected to the processor 401 may provide a facility to support secure communications via encryption, for example. [0102] In addition, a user terminal 400 may include additional devices to support other functions. For example, a user terminal 400 embodied in a personal computer may additionally include a printing device for generating a coupon or a barcode representative of a preparation code. In some embodiments, users may be issued cashless gaming receipts that they can print (along with the preparation code) as an incentive to follow through and come to a sponsoring casino location. In some embodiments, user devices such as PDA devices or cell phones may be used in place of or in addition to user terminals 400. Many different types of input and output devices may be used in conjunction with a user terminal 400. Uses of various different user terminal 400 components are described herein.

[0103] Turning to FIG. 5, a block diagram of an example gaming device 500 (e.g., the gaming device 120, 122, 126 of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B) is depicted. In addition to apparatus to support gaming functions, a gaming device 500 according to some embodiments may include a processor 501 coupled to a communications port 502, a data storage device 504 that stores a gaming device program 506, a display screen 508, a tracking card reader 510, a user input device 512, and, in some embodiments, a player device (not pictured). A gaming device program 506 may include one or more routines to facilitate and control communications and interaction with the casino server 112, 114, 300 and/or in some embodiments, an interface to facilitate communications and interaction with the central controller 102, 200, the third-party service provider server 118, and/or a user terminal 106, 108, 110, 400.

[0104] A gaming device 500 according to some embodiments may be implemented in any number of devices such as, for example, a slot machine, a processor based cash register, a telephone, an IVR system, a cellular/wireless phone, a vending machine, a pager, a personal computer, a portable computer such as a laptop, a wearable computer, a palm-top computer, a hand-held computer, and/or a PDA. In some embodiments, a user device such as a PDA or cell phone may be used in place of, or in addition to, some or all of the gaming device 500 components depicted in FIG. 5. [0105] In operation, the tracking card reader 510 may be used to identify a player to the system 100A, 100B of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B. In some embodiments, the gaming device program 506 may use the identity of a player determined via the tracking card reader 210 as an index into a copy of the preparation code database 314 residing on the casino server 112, 114, 300. Thus, in some embodiments the gaming device 500 is operable to retrieve a preparation data associated with a player using the player's tracking card information. In some embodiments, the gaming device program 506 may be further operative to configure the gaming device 500 based on the retrieved preparation data.

[0106] Turning to FIG. 6, a block diagram of an example marketer device 600 (e.g., the marketer device 128, 130 of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B) is depicted. A marketer device 600 according to some embodiments may include a processor 601 coupled to a communications port 602, a data storage device 604 that stores a marketer device program 606 and a product database 608, an input device 610, and an output device 612. A marketer device program 606 may include one or more routines to facilitate and control communications and interaction with the central controller 102, 200 as well as a user interface to facilitate communications and interaction with a merchant. In some embodiments, a product database 608 may be used by a marketer in determining what products to offer a user based upon the preparation data provided by the user.

[0107] Turning to FIG. 7A, an example embodiment of a "preference" preparation menu screen 700A (such as it may be displayed on the output device 408 of a user terminal 106, 108, 110, 400) is depicted. The example preference preparation menu screen 700A generally may include several choices that each lead the user to sub-menus for developing preference preparation data. The choices may include (as shown) "Game Type," "Look and Feel," "Financial Returns," "Contracts," "Marketing Offers," "Gambling Circle," "Travel Arrangements," "Intentions," "Comps," "Environmental Conditions," "Fantasy Prizes," "Superstition," "Credit Lines," "Gambling Rules," and "Scrap Book." Each of these menu choices are discussed in detail herein with respect to the various methods associated with some embodiments. In some embodiments, a preference preparation menu screen 700A may be presented to users outside a casino while they are operating a user terminal 106, 108, 110, 400 and/or to users inside a casino while they are operating a gaming device 120, 122, 124, 126, 500 (or any appropriate casino device). In some embodiments, a preference preparation menu screen 700A may be implemented as a Web page stored remotely but viewed locally via a Web browser. In some embodiments, a preference preparation menu screen 700A may be implemented as a program that executes locally on a user terminal 106, 108, 110, 400 and/or on a gaming device 120, 122, 124, 126, 500 (or any appropriate casino device).

[0108] Although not depicted on the exemplary preference preparation menu screen 700A of FIG. 7A, additional options may be provided to users and/or third parties. For example, in one or more embodiments, a user may be provided with a menu option that allows restriction of gaming and/or gambling activity. Examples of such "gaming rule" and/or "gaming limit" options are depicted in FIG. 7B.

[0109] FIG. 7B is a drawing illustrating an example of a gaming limit preparation menu screen 700B for use with some embodiments. The gaming rule preparation menu screen 700B may comprise, for example, a game type rule area 702, a denomination rule area 704, an allowed gaming times area 706, a restricted gaming times area 708, a maximum wager area 710, and/or a maximum loss area 712. As shown, for example, a player and/or third party may restrict a player's gaming activities by (i) only allowing the player to play slots (at 702); (ii) restricting the player to twenty-five cent ($0.25) denomination machines (at 704); (iii) only allowing the player to play on weekends (at 706); (iv) limiting the player's playing to evening hours (at 708; e.g., to not interfere with a job); (v) not allowing the player to wager more than five dollars ($5; at 710); and/or (vi) not allowing the player to lose more than fifty dollars ($50; at 712). As described herein, such gaming rules and/or limits may be established by the player and/or by a third party such as a relative of the player, an employer, the casino, an insurer, and/or a government agency or not-for-profit organization. While examples of certain types and/or configurations of gaming rules and/or limits are illustrated in FIG. 7B, it should be apparent that other gaming and/or gambling features and/or parameters may similarly be managed and/or restricted.

[0110] Turning to FIG. 8, an example embodiment of a preference preparation sub-menu screen 800 is depicted. The particular sub-menu depicted in FIG. 8 is an example of a screen image that may be presented, for example, in response to a user selecting the Took and Feel" choice from the preference preparation menu screen 700A of FIG. 7A. The preference preparation sub-menu screen 800 presents five (5) example feature selection controls for indicating (i) a sound level selection (loud, medium, soft), (ii) a font size selection (small, medium, large), (iii) a symbol selection (fruit, jewelry, cars), (iv) a contrast selection (large, medium, small), and (v) a language selection (English, Spanish, German, Japanese, Chinese) for a gaming device 120, 122, 124, 126, 500. In operation, a user terminal 106, 108, 110, 400 (or casino device) executing a browser program may be used to access a central controller 102, 200 to retrieve a Web page (as depicted in FIG. 8) that presents the depicted feature selection controls specific to a particular gaming device 120, 122, 124, 126, 500 available at a casino location the player intends to visit. The user may click on one button in each of the five (5) feature selection controls to indicate his choice. The user terminal 106, 108, 110, 400 may be further operative to communicate the player's selections and responses to other sub-menu questions (together representing preparation data) back to the central controller 102, 200 for storage in the preparation database 208. In some embodiments, the preparation data is stored indexed by a preparation code that is provided to the user via the user terminal 106, 108, 110, 200. [0111] In one or more embodiments where a user and/or third party may be provided with a menu option that permits the limitation of a player's future gambling activity, sub-menu options may be provided (upon selection of the menu option, e.g., from the gaming rule preparation menu 700B of FIG. 7B) for defining the nature and/or scope of such limitations. For example, such sub-menu options may include, but are not limited to, options which permit the setting of limits or rules governing, for one or more specific users, (i) the types of wagers that may be allowed (e.g., which paylines may be activated on a slot machine; the maximum wager amount per handle pull), (ii) the maximum net wager amount per period of time, (iii) the maximum net loss amount per period of time, (iv) the maximum net win amount per period of time, (v) the maximum rate at which handle pulls may be permitted, (vi) the maximum period of time for which one or more gaming machine(s) will be operable (e.g., starting from a triggering handle pull), (vii) the maximum number of handle pulls permitted per period of time, (viii) the days and/or hours that one or more gaming machine(s) may be operable, (ix) the sources of funds that may be used to place wagers (e.g., certain players may only play with stored value or debit cards; certain players may only play with "won" money after a threshold amount of cash is wagered), (x) the types of games which may be permitted (e.g., slots only; all games except video poker), (xi) the identities or types of gaming machines which may or may not be permitted (e.g., only on machine number "1234651 "; only on twenty-five cent ($0.25) denomination slot machines), and/or (xii) any other gambling attribute. Other such features are contemplated, as described herein.

V. Databases

[0112] As indicated above, it should be noted that although the example embodiments generally depict five (5) particular databases stored in storage devices 204, 304, 604, other database arrangements may be used which would still be in keeping with the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In other words, some embodiments may be implemented using any number of different database files or data structures, as opposed to the five (5) databases depicted generally herein. Further, the individual database files may be stored on different servers (e.g., located on different storage devices in different geographic locations, such as on a third-party service provider server 118). Likewise, the programs 206, 306, 606 may also or alternatively be located remotely from the storage devices 204, 304, 604 and/or on another server. As indicated, the programs 206, 306, 606 generally include instructions for retrieving, manipulating, and storing data in the databases 208, 210, 212, 214, 308, 310, 608 as necessary to perform the methods described herein.

A. User Database

[0113] Turning to FIG. 9, a tabular representation of an embodiment of a user database 900 (e.g., the user database 208 of FIG. 2) according to some embodiments is illustrated. This particular tabular representation of a user database 900 includes sample records or entries which each include information regarding a particular user. In some embodiments, the user database 900 is used to track such things as player identity, player financial account information, player demographic information, and player gambling performance information, as well as to associate players with preparation codes. Those skilled in the art will understand that such a user database 900 may include any number of entries or additional fields. For example, although not depicted in FIG. 9, such a user database 900 may include entries or fields pertaining to gambling limits or rules set by the user and/or a third party. Thus, particular restrictions may be denoted in such a user database 900, and usage or gambling history of a particular user may also be stored therein so that a computer (e.g., a gaming device 122, a casino server 112, a central controller 102 and/or a third- party service provider server 118, all of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B) may determine, based on the usage or gambling history, whether one or more gambling limits or rules have been exceeded or satisfied, in which case instructions or commands may be output by such a computer (e.g., to a slot machine) to limit or restrict a player's ability to gamble at a casino in accordance with the limit or rule. [0114] The particular tabular representation of a user database 900 depicted in FIG. 9 includes seven (7) fields for each of the entries or records. The fields may include: (i) a user identifier field 901 that stores a representation uniquely identifying the user; (ii) a name field 902 that stores a representation of the user's name; (iii) a financial account identifier field 904 that stores a representation of a bank account number, a credit card number, or other financial account information needed to charge an account; (iv) a demographic field 906 that stores a representation of a description of demographic information about the user; (v) a machine identifier field 908 that stores a representation uniquely identifying a gaming device upon which the user played; (vi) a lifetime theoretical win field 910 that stores a representation of the user's lifetime theoretical win; and (vii) a preparation code field 912 that stores a representation of a preparation code associated with the user (e.g., that serves as a pointer into the preparation database 214). [0115] The example user database 900 depicted in FIG. 9 provides example data to illustrate the meaning of the information stored in this database embodiment. A player identifier 901 (e.g., "P111123", "P22234") may be used to identify and index the players listed in a player database (e.g., the player database 610). Two examples of player information are provided: "Sam Brown" with credit card number "1111-1111-1111-1111 " is a "male, age 23" who played on gaming device "M234" and has a lifetime theoretical win of "$2,345.00" and "Linda Jones" with bank account number "2222-2222-2222-2222" is a "female, age 47" who played on gaming device "M532" and has a lifetime theoretical win of "$765.00." "Sam Brown" has provided the casino with preparation data that may be retrieved from the preparation database using the associated preparation code "C8331" and for "Linda Jones", "C5006."

β. Trip Documentation Database

[0116] Turning to FIG. 10, a tabular representation of an embodiment of a trip documentation database 1000 (e.g., the trip documentation database 210 of FIG. 2) according to some embodiments is illustrated. This particular tabular representation of a trip documentation database 1000 includes sample records or entries which each include information regarding a particular user's preparation data that describe how that user desires his trip to be documented. In some embodiments, a trip documentation database 1000 is used to track such things as user identity, trip identity, photographs of the user, recording criteria, and deliverables. Those skilled in the art will understand that such a trip documentation database 1000 may include any number of entries or additional fields.

[0117] The particular tabular representation of a trip documentation database 1000 depicted in FIG. 10 includes six (6) fields for each of the entries or records. The fields may include: (i) a user identifier field 1001 that stores a representation uniquely identifying the user; (ii) a trip identifier field 1002 that stores a representation uniquely identifying the user's trip to the casino; (iii) a photo identifier field 1004 that stores representations uniquely identifying each of the photos that have been taken of the user during his trip; (iv) an outcome identifier field 1006 that stores representations uniquely identifying each of the user's outcomes that have been recorded during his trip; (v) a recording criteria field 1008 that stores a representation of a description of what the player has requested to document during the trip; and (vi) a deliverable field 1010 that stores a representation of the form of presentation of the trip documentation the player has requested. [0118] The example trip documentation database 1000 depicted in FIG. 10 provides example data to illustrate the meaning of the information stored in this database embodiment. A user identifier 1001 (e.g., "P111666"; "P222777"; "P333888"; "P444999") may be used to relate users to their particular trip documentation preparation data. A trip identifier 1002 (e.g., "T222222"; "T333333"; "7444444"; "T555555") may be used to specify a user's particular trip when, for example, a user visits a casino more than once.

[0119] A photo identifier 1004 (e.g., "PhIOOOOO"; "Ph100001 "; "Ph100999"; "Ph200002"; "Ph200010"; "Ph300333"; "N/A") may be used to reference all the photographs a casino has taken of a user based on the recording criteria 1008 (e.g., Take a picture when I win more than $10"; "Take a picture every hour"; "Take a picture when I win $100 or more, and overlay a shot of the slot screen"). The deliverable 1010 for a photo recording criteria 1008 may be, for example, a photo "album with 100 pictures"; an "embossed album with 300 pictures"; a photo "album with 100 pictures"; or "5 T-shirts with pictures."

[0120] An outcome identifier 1006 (e.g., "OC123456"; "OC500001"; "OC500002"; "OC500003") may be used to reference all the user's outcomes that a casino has recorded based on the recording criteria 1008 (e.g., "Take a picture when I win $100 or more, and overlay a shot of the slot screen"; "Record all my outcomes"). The deliverable 1010 for an outcome recording criteria 1008 may be, for example, a "software program that reenacts all outcomes."

C. Gaming Circle Database

[0121] Turning to FIG. 11 , a tabular representation of an embodiment of a gaming circle database 1100 (e.g., the gambling circle database 212 of FIG. 2) according to some embodiments is illustrated. This particular tabular representation of a gaming circle database 1100 includes sample records or entries which each include information regarding a member of a particular user's gaming and/or gambling circle. In some embodiments, the gaming circle database 1100 may be used to track such things as gaming circle members' identity, contact information, and benefits, as well as to associate players with their gaming circle members. Note that a gaming and/or gambling circle may include any number of members. Those skilled in the art will understand that such a gaming circle database 1100 may include any number of entries or additional fields.

[0122] The particular tabular representation of a gaming circle database 1100 depicted in FIG. 11 includes six (6) fields for each of the entries or records. The fields may include: (i) a user identifier field 1101 that stores a representation uniquely identifying the user; (ii) a beneficiary identifier field 1102 that stores a representation uniquely identifying a member of the user's gaming circle as a beneficiary of the user's gaming and/or gambling; (iii) a name field 1104 that stores a representation of the beneficiary's name; (iv) an email field 1106 and (v) an address field 1108 that store a representation of the beneficiary's contact information; and (vi) a benefit field 1110 that stores a representation of the benefit that the beneficiary will receive if any.

[0123] The example gaming circle database 1100 depicted in FIG. 11 provides example data to illustrate the meaning of the information stored in this database embodiment. Referring to the first record, as part of his preparation data, user "P555555" has specified "B 111111 ," who is more commonly known as "Adam Finsky," as a member of the user's gambling circle and a beneficiary of "5% of any jackpot above $1000" that the user wins. "Adam Finsky" has the e-mail address "adam@aol.com" and lives in "Anyplace, USA."

[0124] Referring to the second record, as part of his preparation data, user "P666666" has specified "B222222," who is more commonly known as "Laura Tanner," as a member of the user's gambling circle and a beneficiary of "5% of net winnings" that the user wins. "Laura Tanner" has the e-mail address "ltanner@ibm.com" and lives in "Someplace, USA."

[0125] Referring to the third record, as part of his preparation data, user "P777777" has specified "B333333," who is more commonly known as "Jack Tinsel," as a member of the user's gambling circle and a beneficiary of "buffet for every $200 gross winnings" that the user wins. "Jack Tinsel" has the email address "tinsel@home.com" and lives in "Somewhere; USA."

D. Preparation Database

[0126] Turning to FIG. 12, a tabular representation of an embodiment of preparation database 1200 (e.g., the preparation database 214 of FIG. 2) according to some embodiments is illustrated. This particular tabular representation of a preparation database 1200 includes three (3) sample records or entries which each include information regarding a particular user's preparation data (e.g., preference preparation data and/or gaming rule and/or limit preparation data). In some embodiments, the preparation database 1200 may be used to track information descriptive of user specified preferences, intentions, plans related to the user's gambling vacation, and/or limits or rules associated with the user's gaming and/or gambling activities. In the specific example depicted in FIG. 12, the preparation database 1200 is structured to store and track user specified preferences related to gaming device configurations such as the game type, default denomination of play, language, currency, noise level, and font size. The preparation database 1200 is also, in the depicted example, structured to store gaming limits and/or rules associated with the user. It should be understood that other data structures, such as the gambling circle database 212 and the trip documentation database 210, each of FIG. 2, may be used to track other forms and types of preparation data, such as data pertaining to gambling limits or rules associated with a specific player which have been registered by the player and/or a third party. Those skilled in the art will understand that the preparation database 1200 may include any number of entries and/or additional or alternative fields.

[0127] The particular tabular representation of the preparation database 1200 depicted in FIG. 12 includes thirteen (13) fields for each of the entries or records. The fields may include: (i) a user identifier field 1201 , (ii) a preparation code field 1202 that stores a representation uniquely identifying a particular customized configuration; (iii) a game type field 1203 that stores a representation of the selected game type; (iv) a denomination field 1204 that stores a representation of the selected default denomination that the gaming device will accept; (v) a language field 1206 that stores a representation of the selected language to be used by the gaming device; (vi) a currency field 1208 that stores a representation of the selected currency to be used by the gaming device; (vii) a noise level field 1210 that stores a representation of a description of a sound effects volume of the gaming device; (viii) a font size field 1212 that stores a representation of the size that characters will be displayed on the gaming device; (ix) a picture field 1214 that stores the name of a picture and the picture itself that the player would like to be displayed when he hits a jackpot (and/or any winning outcome); (x) a music field 1216 that stores a representation of the name of music and the music itself that the player would like to be played when he hits a jackpot (and/or any winning outcome); (xi) an allowed game types field 1218; (xii) a maximum allowed net loss per month field 1220; and/or (xiv) a maximum allowed amount of gaming per month field 1222. [0128] The example preparation database 1200 of FIG. 12 provides example data to illustrate the meaning of the information stored in this database embodiment. The preparation code 1202 (i.e., "C5006"; "C9224"; "C8331 ") may be used to identify and/or index preparation data received from users. Examples of game types that may be indicated by the game type field 1203 may include reel slots, video poker, and blackjack. Example denominations that may be indicated by the denomination field 1204 may include one dollar ($1.00), twenty-five cents ($0.25), and five dollars ($5.00). Example languages that may be indicated by the language field 1206 may include English and Japanese, and example currencies that may be indicated by the currency field 1208 may include the U.S. dollar and the yen. Example noise levels that may be indicated by the noise level field 1210 may include high, medium, and low and example font sizes that may be indicated by the font size field 1212 may include medium, small and large. Example pictures that may be indicated by the picture field 1214 may include an image of a user's poodle, an image of another user's grandson, and an image of yet another user's hamster. Example music that may be indicated by the music field 1216 may include "Macarena," "My Way," and "Beethoven's 9^th". [0129] In one or more embodiments, the preparation database may be configured to store, for one or more specific users, information pertaining to gambling limits and/or rules associated with a specific player which have been registered by the player and/or a third party, such as (i) the types of wagers that may be allowed (e.g., which paylines may be activated on a slot machine; the maximum wager amount per handle pull); (ii) the maximum net wager amount per period of time, (iii) the maximum net loss amount per period of time; (iv) the maximum net win amount per period of time; (v) the maximum rate at which handle pulls may be permitted; (vi) the maximum period of time for which one or more gaming machine(s) will be operable (e.g., starting from a triggering handle pull); (vii) the maximum number of handle pulls permitted per period of time; (viii) the days and/or hours that one or more gaming machine(s) may be operable; (ix) the sources of funds that may be used to place wagers (e.g., certain players may only play with stored value or debit cards; certain players may only play with "won" money after a threshold amount of cash is wagered); (x) the types of games which may be permitted (e.g., slots only; all games except video poker); (xi) the identities and/or types of gaming machines which may or may not be permitted (e.g., only on machine number "1234651"; only on twenty-five cent ($0.25) denomination slot machines); (xii) any other gambling attribute; and/or (xiii) any combination thereof.

[0130] As shown in the exemplary preparation database 1200 of FIG. 12, for example, a user identifier (e.g., "136845; "918566"; "PT-17364") may be stored in the user identifier field 1201 to indicate a player and/or user (e.g., uniquely) that is associated with a particular preparation code. Although only one preparation code is depicted in FIG. 12 as being associated with one player or user, it should be understood that the relationship may be of any practicable sort, including one-to- many and many-to-one. In some embodiments, the player identifier may comprise any type of user identifier that is or becomes known or practicable. The player identifier may comprise a simple randomly-generated alphanumeric code or string, a biometric identifier (e.g., a fingerprint, a retina image, and/or a facial scan). The preparation database 1200 may further comprise gaming rule and/or limit preparation data. In the allowed game types field 1218, for example, the first user (e.g., identified by the user identifier of "136845") may be limited to playing video poker and slot games, while the third user (e.g., identified by the user identifier "PT-17364") may be limited to arcade games (e.g., non-wagering games). Other limits and/or rules may also or alternatively be stored. As shown in the maximum allowed net loss per month field 1220, for example, the third user may be limited to accruing losses of just fifty dollars ($50) per month (and/or per any other time period). Similarly, as shown in the maximum allowed amount of gaming per month field 1222, the first player may be limited to five (5) hours of playing time per month. It should be apparent that other and/or additional times frames and/or limits or rules may also or alternatively be stored and/or indicated by the preparation database 1200.

E. Product Database

[0131] Turning now to FIG. 13, a tabular representation of an embodiment of a product database 1300 (e.g., the product database 608 of FIG. 6) according to some embodiments is illustrated. This particular tabular representation of the product database 1300 includes sample records or entries which each include information regarding a particular product that may be used in a marketing promotion. In some embodiments, a product database 1300 is used by a marketer in determining what product to offer a user in different marketing offers. Those skilled in the art will understand that such a product database 1300 may include any number of entries or additional fields. [0132] The particular tabular representation of a product database 1300 depicted in FIG. 13 includes five (5) fields for each of the entries or records. The fields may include: (i) a product identifier field 1301 that stores a representation uniquely identifying the product; (ii) a description field 1302 that stores a representation that is descriptive of the product; (iii) a manufacturer field 1304 that stores a representation of the name of the manufacturer or supplier of the product; (iv) a retail price field 1306 that stores a representation of a retail price of the product; and (v) an excess inventory field 1308 that stores a representation of the number of units of the product available for use with marketing offers.

[0133] The example product database 1300 depicted in FIG. 13 provides example data to illustrate the meaning of the information stored in this database embodiment. A product identifier 1301 (e.g., "PR888"; "PR999"; "PR222"; "PR333") may be used to identify and index the products listed in the product database 608. Four (4) example entries of product information are provided: (i) "45" "eight- speed blender[s]" with an "$80" retail price and manufactured by "Anycorp Inc." are available for use with marketing offers; (ii) "0" "washing machine[s]" with an "$800" retail price and manufactured by "Somecorp" Inc. are available for use with marketing offers; (iii) "90" "color TV[s]" with a "$200" retail price and manufactured by "Bigcorp" Inc. are available for use with marketing offers; and (iv) an "unlimited" number of "6 month cable service" subscriptions with an "$180" retail price and provided by "XYZ Broadcasting" Inc. are available for use with marketing offers. F. Casino Database

[0134] Although not illustrated, some embodiments of the may include a casino database that may reside on a casino server 112 and/or a central controller 102, both of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B. A casino database may be used to store the unique configurable features of a particular casino where there are multiple different types of options such as, for example, multiple different types of gaming devices 120, 122, 124, 126. For example, such a database might list the different configurable features for each type of game at a particular casino possibly indexed by machine identifier and then each of the possible values for each feature. A casino database may be used as a data source to assemble, for example, a Web page that looks like the screen image 800 of FIG. 8. Alternatively, the same screen image could be generated without a casino database. However, where there are many different options available, using a casino database may reduce and simplify the resources required to generate screen images similar to that shown in FIG. 8.

Vl. Processes

[0135] The systems and devices described herein, including the hardware components and the databases, are useful to perform various methods pursuant to some embodiments. However, it should be understood that not all of the above described components and databases are necessary to perform any particular method. In fact, in some embodiments, none of the above-described systems and/or devices may be required to practice one or more of the methods described herein. The systems and/or devices described herein are examples that may possibly be useful in practicing some or all of the embodiments described herein. For example, the user database 210 described herein may be useful for tracking users and information about them, but it may not be absolutely necessary to have such a database in order to perform the methods described herein. In other words, the methods described herein may be practiced using a conventional player tracking list in conjunction with a casino's conventional accounting system.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 14, a flow diagram illustrating a method 1400 according to some embodiments is shown. In some embodiments, the method 1400 may be performed by and/or otherwise associated with a gaming device or machine, a central controller, an external third-party, and/or an integrated third-party entity/device such as a third-party service provider server. It should be understood that the particular arrangement of elements in the method 1400 of FIG. 14, as well as the order of example steps of various methods discussed herein, is not meant to imply a fixed order, sequence, and/or timing to the steps; embodiments may generally be practiced in any order, sequence, and/or timing that is or becomes practicable.

[0137] In general terms, and referring to FIG. 14, the method 1400 may begin at 1402, where a device such as a central controller receives configuration and/or preparation data, for example, from a player or a third party, during and/or after the player's or third party's use of a user terminal. A player and/or third party may utilize an interface such as the exemplary displays 700A, 700B, 800 shown in FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, and/or FIG. 8, to remotely indicate configuration and/or preparation data (such as may comprise and/or define one or more gaming rules or limits). At 1404, the method 1400 may continue where a preparation code associated with the configuration data is determined. In some embodiments, this preparation code may simply comprise a stored indication of preparation data such as a stored indication of a gaming rule or limit. According to some embodiments, the method 1400 may continue at 1406 where the configuration data and the associated preparation code are transmitted (e.g., from the central controller) to a casino server and/or other device or computer, such as a gaming machine or device. The method 1400 may continue at 1408 where the central controller and/or another device (e.g., a gaming machine or a user computer) provides feedback to the user.

[0138] In some embodiments, the feedback may include the casino server configuring and/or operating a gaming or other casino device. In some embodiments, the casino server may configure and/or operate a gaming or other casino device in response to receiving a preparation code (e.g., a player tracking card identifier; a biometric identifier) from a user via the gaming or other casino device. In such an embodiment, the gaming or other casino device is configured according to the configuration data associated with the received preparation code.

[0139] In the subsections that follow, each of these processes will now be discussed in detail. Note that not all of these steps are required to perform the method 1400 and that additional and/or alternative steps are contemplated. Also note that the above general processes represent features of only some of the embodiments and that they may be combined and/or subdivided in any number of different ways so that the method 1400 includes more or fewer actual processes and/or elements. For example, in some embodiments many additional processes and/or elements may be added to update and maintain the databases described herein, but as indicated, it is not necessary to use the described databases in all embodiments. In other words, the method 1400 may contain any number of processes and/or elements that are or become practicable to implement the embodiments described herein. A. Receiving Configuration Data - 1402

[0140] In some embodiments, the user and/or third party may initially submit preparation data (or configuration data) to the system (e.g., the system 10OA, 100B of FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1 B). In some embodiments, the user and/or third party may log onto a central controller with a user terminal, for example, using a personal computer. As indicated, other suitable user terminals may include PDA devices, telephones (including cellular telephones), kiosks, ATMs, slot machines, and/or vending machines including such devices as gasoline pumps and point-of-sale terminals. [0141] The user and/or third party may interact with a Web site hosted by the central controller. To log on, the user and/or third party may input a name, password, code, and/or other identifier. The user may then input preparation data in various ways. In some embodiments, the user selects preparation data from a number of menus, each menu covering a different subject (examples of which are illustrated in FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, and/or FIG. 8 and described in the corresponding text). For example, within the look and Feel" category, a first menu may allow a user to select a gaming device's game, font size, reel speed, language, volume, and other attributes pertaining to the look and feel of the device. A second menu might allow a user to provide information about himself so as to receive tailored marketing offers at the gaming device. Menus might take the form of pull-down menus, check boxes, and so on. Menus might list headings for preparation data and allow a user to enter the data. For example, a heading may be "Font Size" and in response the user may type in "12" for "12 point." Many other menu systems are possible, including menu systems that relate to the limiting or preventing of gambling activity of one or more specific players. In some embodiments, a user may enter preparation in text form. The text may then be interpreted by a human operator and/or by a computer program.

[0142] In some embodiments, a user may create or alter graphics as a means of inputting preference preparation data. For example, the controller's Web site may present a graphical depiction of a screen on a gaming device. Using his mouse, the user may delineate a portion of the screen in which to receive marketing offers, and another portion of the screen in which to play the game. The user may use his mouse to delineate areas of the screen that are to serve as new input buttons to the gaming device. For example, the user might designate a small, square area on the slot screen to be an "I accept" button, for use in accepting marketing offers. [0143] The following sub-sections describe several different categories of preparation data the user may designate. The list is not intended to be an exhaustive enumeration of every possible category of preparation data, but rather an illustrative set of examples of types of preparation data. Further, while some preparation data is presented as "preference" preparation data and some data is presented as "gaming rule" or "gaming limit" preparation data, it should be understood that some data may properly fit in either or both categories, depending upon usage and/or implementation, and that other examples of data comprising both categories, while not explicitly presented, is contemplated herein.

1 Information About The User And The Marketing Offers The User Desires

[0144] Many companies are constantly trying to acquire new customers to facilitate growth. One effective means of acquiring a customer is for a company to pay a user for his business. For example, a phone company might pay a user twenty-five dollars ($25.00) if the user agrees to make the phone company his long distance provider. Such a deal may be beneficial to the phone company, since the lifetime value of the customer to the company may far exceed the twenty-five dollars ($25.00) acquisition cost.

[0145] A casino is a fertile environment for customer acquisition. Gaming devices are capable of immediately dispensing money to consumers. Therefore, a user who is at a gaming device may agree to do business with a company and then may immediately receive his payment, rather than waiting a week or more for a check to arrive in the mail. Furthermore, casino patrons are often especially motivated to make deals for money. A user may be feeling frustrated from having sustained a loss, for example, and may wish to recover the loss by accepting a marketing offer. The casino itself may be content to facilitate such transactions between users and marketers because the transactions put more available potential wager funds in the hands of users. This also pleases users.

[0146] Thus, a portion of a user's preparation data may pertain to a user's interaction with marketers. Users may submit information that a marketer might use to tailor offers to a user. Examples of such information include the user's age, place of residence, income, job type, education level, marital status, number of children, and other demographic information. User purchasing history may be valuable to a marketer. For example, a marketer selling cars would want to know whether the user buys a new car every three years. Other such questions may include "Does the user like to remodel rooms in his house?" or "What type of food does the user like?" User possessions may be relevant to marketers. For example, does the user currently own a car?, a washing machine?, or a wide screen TV? A user's budget is meaningful. For example, marketers would want to know how much money a user has to spend on new items. Whether the user is accompanied on his vacation may be relevant. For example, if a user's spouse is with him on the vacation, a marketer may pitch goods as gifts for the user's spouse. [0147] Other preparation data may include the circumstances under which a user would like to receive marketing offers. Possible circumstances include: the user has just won a payout in excess of a certain threshold; the user has accumulated winnings in excess of a certain threshold; the user has sustained losses in excess of a certain threshold; the user has just inserted a bill, such as a one hundred dollar ($100) bill, into a gaming device; a particular time of day occurs, for example, the clock has struck noon and the user would like lunch offers from local restaurants; it is a particular date; particular weather conditions have transpired; and the user just pressed a button or otherwise indicated that he desires a marketing offer. In this last case, preparation data may include a specification of how a user will indicate his desire for a marketing offer. For example, the user may be instructed to pull the handle of the gaming device twice in rapid succession. The user might also request a special area on a gaming device's touch screen to appear as a "marketing button" that the user might touch in order to receive marketing pitches or offers. An additional relevant circumstance might be when an event or occurrence has not just happened. For example, a user may be comfortable receiving offers at any time except when he has just won on the last three handle pulls or hit a jackpot.

[0148] Still other preparation data might include the types of offers a user would like to receive. Types of offers may include: offers for certain categories of products, for example, the user would like to receive offers for new refrigerators, new blenders, or used lawn mowers; offers within a certain price range, for example, the user would like marketers to offer to sell the user items with prices between one hundred dollars ($100) and two hundred dollars ($200); offers for products versus services, for example, the user may prefer only offers to sell products, or only offers to sell services; and offers providing a certain benefit. The user may prefer offers that provide him with benefits of at least twenty dollars ($20). For example, the user may be offered a benefit of thirty dollars ($30) for switching long distance phone services to AT&T®.

[0149] The user may commit in advance to accept marketing offers provided certain conditions are met. For example, the user will switch phone services to receive thirty dollars ($30) in credits if he loses thirty dollars ($30) at a session of a gaming device, or at the conclusion of the trip. Otherwise, the user need not switch phone services. In some embodiments, the user may also complete paperwork associated with a marketing offer prior to arrival at the casino, so that no time is wasted at the casino. Likewise, during his trip, a user may initiate acceptance of an offer in his hotel room or at a restaurant for example, while the user has free time available. For example, the user may read about a cross-subsidy offer in which he will receive twenty dollars ($20) added to the credit meter of a gaming device from the XYZ Insurance Company if he (1 ) agrees to provide information for and/or evaluate a competitive car insurance quote and (2) agrees to accept a phone call from a car insurance representative. The offer may require that the user provide information such as his type of vehicle, the number of drivers, the number of miles driven per week, efc. The user may provide this information online without providing final signatory authorization of acceptance. Such an embodiment facilitates easy final acceptance of the offer during a gambling session if the user decides, at that time, to accept the offer. Casino personnel may be alerted to come by the user's gaming device with paperwork for a final signature to consummate the agreement. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a final acceptance of the agreement may be performed with an electronic signature or acknowledgement via a casino or other device.

[0150] The user may specify where benefits from offers should be placed. The benefits might be put directly onto a user's credit balance at a gaming device. Benefits might also be deposited directly to a user's financial account. Benefits might be sent directly to a user's home or work address in the form of cash, check, or non-monetary prize. Benefits may be placed directly into a user's account at a casino or at the central controller.

[0151] Preparation data may further include how the user will indicate, at a gaming device, his desire to receive marketing offers. A special area of a touch screen on a gaming device may be designated for marketing offers. When the user touches that area, he receives a marketing offer. Alternatively, an existing button on a gaming device that the user does not use may have its function reassigned to that of a marketing button. For example, the "bet maximum credits" button may become the marketing button for a particular user.

[0152] A marketer may transmit offers to a user in a number of ways. The marketer may leave offers with the central controller, to be later transmitted to users with qualifying characteristics. The marketer may then compensate the central controller for every offer made, for every offer accepted, efc. In some embodiments, the marketer may communicate with a user in real time via the central controller. The marketer may have real-time access data about users currently at gaming devices or at user terminals, and may then make its own determinations as to when to make offers. In offering products to a user, the marketer may refer to a product database. The marketer may select from the database products that are priced appropriately for a user, that meet other user criteria, and/or that have excess inventory.

Z Information Of A Psychological Or Superstitious Nature

[0153] There is much superstition associated with gaming devices. For example, gaming devices may be known as "hot" when they have recently paid out more than they have taken in. Similarly, gaming devices that have not paid out recently may be called "cold." Users may wish to know which gaming devices are hot so that they can play on the hot devices. The user may also wish to know what types of people have good luck on particular gaming devices, so that the user may find a gaming device that best suits him. For example, if a user is a fifty-six (56) year-old female born in February, then she may wish to find a gaming device that has previously paid a jackpot to a fifty-six (56) year-old female born in February. Further, users might wish to know about prior winners at a gaming device. For example, they might want to know a prior winner's name; age; date of birth; time of birth; place of birth; astrological sign (e.g., Scorpio, Aries); place of residence; nationality; gender; race; number of kids; date and time on which they won; etc.

[0154] A user might have particular statistics in mind when looking for a gaming device. For example, if a gaming device has paid well for at least five Scorpios in the last week, then perhaps the gaming device is likely to be profitable for another Scorpio. The user may then enter what statistics he finds desirable into the Web site of the central controller. To enter statistics, the user may fill in a form on the central controller's Web page. A line on the form might read, "Find me a machine that paid out a jackpot on this date." The user may then fill in the desired date. [0155] The central controller may search a database of gaming device statistics to find any that meet user criteria. If there are any such gaming devices, the central controller may display information about them to the user. For example, the central controller may display the gaming devices' location, appearance, and any reference number. The central controller may also display one or more maps so as to guide the user to the gaming devices. A map might show, for example, the layout of a casino floor, with relevant gaming devices highlighted. A user might elect to be shown a map of all machines that had not had a jackpot of one thousand dollars ($1000) or more in the last twenty-four (24) hours. Another map might show the location of the casino in a city. Of course, the central controller may be configured to display only machines located in a city where a user intends to visit, even if other machines satisfy user criteria.

[0156] At times, there may be a large number of gaming devices meeting the user's criteria. The central controller may encourage the user to enter additional criteria or to narrow existing criteria to narrow down the number of machines. At other times, the user's criteria may not be met, and the central controller may encourage the user to broaden his criteria. The central controller may also display to the user gaming devices that it considers close to meeting the user's criteria. Perhaps the gaming devices meet nine (9) out of ten (10) user criteria.

[0157] In displaying gaming devices to users, the central controller may give priority to devices at casinos that have paid the central controller more money. For example, if a first casino has paid the controller two cents ($0.02) per listing, and a second casino has paid the controller nothing, then a user may see gaming devices from the first casino listed before machines from the second casino. [0158] Rather than entering criteria for gaming devices the user would like to play, the user might enter pertinent information about himself and allow the central controller to find potentially suitable gaming devices. For example, the user might enter his own name, birth date, wedding date, college graduation date, gender, astrological sign, child's birth date, license plate number, and so on. The central controller might then search for devices that have paid well for people with similar characteristics to the user. For example, the central controller might search for devices that have paid more than one thousand dollars ($1000) on a single handle pull to a person with the same wedding date, within the past week. The central controller might also search for devices with similar characteristics to the user. For example, the central controller might look for devices whose date of manufacture or whose serial number is the same as the user's birthday. [0159] In some embodiments, a central controller receives user information, but does not provide the user with information about a suitable gaming device until significantly later. For example, if the user is planning a trip to Atlantic City three (3) months in advance, it might not be relevant to the user what gaming devices are paying well at the moment. Therefore, just before the user is to leave for Atlantic City or immediately upon his arrival, the central controller may tell the user what gaming devices pay well, so that the user can leave with current information.

[0160] If the user aims to win money to buy particular merchandise, then the central controller may allow the user to play directly for the merchandise he desires. For example, when the user plays at a gaming device, one of the payouts may be made in the form of the user's desired merchandise, rather than in the form of credits. Alternatively, the user may be told he can have his desired merchandise by accumulating a certain number of credits while playing at a gaming device. The number of credits a user needs may be far less then the retail price of the desired merchandise. The user may also be able to obtain his desired merchandise using complimentary points, even if the casino at which the user plays does not typically give out the user's desired merchandise.

3. Music And Pictures Of Subjects Of Sentimental Value To The User

[0161] A user may remotely input pictures or music. For example, the user may scan a picture of himself, his grandson, and/or of his pet poodle. The user might use a scanner attached to the user terminal. Then, when the user is at a gaming device, the user may select previously scanned pictures to display on the gaming device. For example, the user may select the picture of his poodle to display above the spinning slot reels. The user may even have his poodle incorporated as one of the symbols on the slot reels. To facilitate the selection of pictures by the user, the gaming device might display small "thumbnail" versions of each picture the user has scanned. The user need then only touch the picture to have it enlarged and more clearly made visible. Alternatively, the user might provide names for the pictures he scans, such as "Poodle.gif". The user might then select this name from a list of names displayed on the gaming device, or he might simply type in the name using a keypad or other input device.

[0162] Other means are possible for transmitting user-selected images to the central controller. Many film developers post copies of pictures to Web sites. A user might obtain a copy of a picture he has taken from a film developer's Web site, and send it to the central controller. In some cases, the central controller may act as a film developer. A user might then be motivated to develop all of his pictures with the central controller, as the user would then be able to view the pictures on the screen of a gaming device while playing.

[0163] In some embodiments, a user submits printed photographs to the central controller via postal mail. The central controller may then scan the pictures and make them available for display on the user's gaming device. A user may also bring photographs or negatives of photographs to a casino. The casino can then scan or develop the pictures and have them digitized and ready for display on a gaming device. While at a gaming device, a user may desire to view pictures other than those he has taken. He may therefore scan pictures from books or magazines, or obtain pictures from the Web. He may then transmit these to the central controller.

[0164] To input music remotely, a user has a number of options. The user may obtain a sound file, such as an MP3 from a Web site, such as "MP3.com". The user may then transmit the sound file to the central controller. The controller can then store the sound file in the preparation database. The user may also record his own music using a microphone attached to his user terminal. He may then transmit the digitized music to the central controller.

[0165] The central controller, a casino server, a casino, or a gaming device may filter out pictures or sound files deemed inappropriate. Computer programs may examine pictures or sound files and compare them to pre-established criteria in deciding whether to permit their use at a gaming device. Alternatively, humans may act as censors. Certain pictures or sound files may be permissible only under certain conditions. For example, a sound file may only be permissible if the user employs earphones, or if there is no one else in the vicinity.

4. Money Held in Reserve to Offset User Losses

[0166] A common fear among users is losing too much money at a casino. When the user runs out of money with which to gamble, the user may become bored. The user may also feel regret, embarrassment, or may even experience financial difficulties. Therefore, in some embodiments of this invention, the user may take steps to reduce the possibility of suffering excessive losses at a casino.

[0167] In some embodiments, the user performs work prior to visiting the casino. As compensation for his work, the user may receive insurance against losses. For example, in exchange for doing 5 hours worth of work, the user may be told, "If you lose $100, we'll refund your $100 to bring back to even again." The insurance might be capped at a certain amount. The insurance might cover a percentage of losses. The insurance might also cover losses incurred only during certain time periods, or only at certain games. Other benefits for work may include: cash; credits; gambling tokens; reward points ; increased odds of winning; increased prize tables; the ability to play dollar machines for a quarter; the free use of an extra slot in a multi-slot machine; the ability to play for free; the enablement of extra prize-winning symbols on a slot machine; the enablement of extra pay lines on the slot machine; and auxiliary benefits, such as free or subsidized meals or hotel rooms. [0168] The user may perform work via the Internet. For example, the user may monitor the output of a security camera and send an email alert when he views any suspicious activity. The user thereby acts as a remote security guard. The user may answer survey questions of importance to marketers. The user may participate in focus groups online. The user may make visual comparisons of products and provide input on which has the better packaging. The user may perform his work using a Web site hosted by the central controller. The central controller may thereby monitor the user's work, and provide the user with benefits accordingly. In some embodiments, the user does work on a separate Web site. The Web site may be hosted by a merchant associated with the central controller. After performing work, the user may receive a code from the Web site and submit the code to the central controller in order to receive credit for his work. Alternatively, the merchant may contact the central controller directly, and inform the central controller of the user's work. [0169] The user may also perform work off-line. For example, the user may work to assist consumers at a department store. The user may then receive a code from the department store, submit the code to the central controller, and thus receive credit for the work he accomplished. [0170] Instead of doing work, the user may receive insurance against losses, or other benefits, by agreeing to deals with merchants. For example, the user may agree to switch long distance phone services, or may agree to purchase a new car insurance policy. In exchange, the user may receive money that can be used to offset losses at a casino. In some embodiments, a user receives automatic benefits at a casino simply by doing business with a merchant. For example, for every dollar the user spends at Wal-mart^®, the user may receive three cents worth of insurance against losses.

[0171] In many cases, a user may have earned money in an account that can be used only to reimburse a user for his losses. The user may, however, visit the casino and win. It is then possible that the user might put the money in the account to other uses. For example, the user might be able to collect a percentage of the money in the account. The user might be able to apply money in the account towards the purchase of merchandise, food, a hotel room, gambling credits or other goods.

5. User Credit Lines

[0172] Often, a user comes to a casino without sufficient cash to pay for the chips he wants. One option is for the user to go to an ATM or a cash advance machine. However, for some users, credit limits or daily withdrawal limits don't allow them to withdraw as much money as they would like. Therefore, a user may establish a credit line at the casino and draw a marker against the credit line. To take out a marker, a user may call up a casino in advance and request a credit line with the casino. The user will typically have to submit some information about himself, including a player tracking card number and checking account information. When the user arrives at the casino he may then present a voided check and several forms of identification. Once the casino grants the user a line of credit, the user can request a marker. A marker is a legally binding document, signed by the user, that the user will repay the casino for any chips given the user to play with. If the user does not repay, then the casino can cash the marker at a bank as if it were a check. [0173] In some embodiments of this invention, the user may set up credit lines remotely using the Web site of the central controller. The user may input information of relevance to a casino in granting a credit line. Such information may include a name, home address, telephone number, email address, bank name, checking account number, amount of money in the checking account, citizenship, desired amount of credit, and so on. In some embodiments, the player also inputs the amount owed to other casinos.

[0174] This information may then be sent to a casino credit executive who may begin to decide whether to grant the credit line or not. Alternatively, user information may be examined by an automated program. The program may then help to decide whether or not the credit line should be granted. In some embodiments, the casino credit executive or the controller may check with Central Credit^® to determine the user's credit history with other casinos. If the user is listed by Central Credit^® as a poor credit risk, then the user may not be granted a credit line. [0175] In some embodiments, the central controller may act as the entity that provides credit. The central controller may grant a credit line to a user. The user may then draw a marker at a casino. The casino may then be compensated immediately by the central controller in the amount of the marker. Then, when a user repays the amount of the marker, the casino can repay the central controller. The casino may pay a fee to the central controller for taking the risk. [0176] Another way for a user to ensure sufficient funds for play at a casino is to wire money in advance to the casino. The user may wire money using the Web site of the central controller by providing the central controller with financial account information destination information, and an amount of money to be transferred.

[0177] In some embodiments, a user may be permitted to gamble only with money that was designated, reserved, deposited, or "earmarked" prior to the user's visit to the casino. For example, the user may be required to fund an account online, such that once at the casino, the player may only gamble with funds in the account (or within a certain "pool" within the account, such as a pool set aside for a particular day). Such an embodiment may be particularly useful for problem or compulsive gamblers who have trouble adhering to self-imposed budgets once on the casino floor. 6. Look and Feel of the Gaming Device

[0178] Prior to visiting a casino, the user may enter data describing a desirable machine interface. Aspects of the machine's interface may include font size, reel speed, language, screen resolution, length of the bonus rounds, amount of time between an initiation of a handle pull and the resolution of the outcome, types of symbols, and so on. Each aspect of the machine's interface may be selectable from a menu, or may be inputted by the user in a box on the central controller's Web site. Numerous gaming devices are general purpose in that the game played and the interface to the game played on the gaming device are coded in software. Thus, many gaming devices have the flexibility to provide a user with his desired interface. This may generally be described as one type of preference preparation data, as it generally related to aspects of game play and/or interface appearance and/or functionality that are preferred by the player.

7. Which Gaming Devices the User Would Like to Play

[0179] Using the Web site of the central controller, the user may have the opportunity to test different gaming device configurations, and different gaming devices themselves. In some embodiments, the user selects a gaming device configuration, and then the central controller displays a graphical representation of the gaming device in the selected configuration. For example, if the user has selected a gaming device configuration with five reels and three pay lines, then the user may view on the user terminal a graphical representation of a five reel gaming device with three pay lines. The user may simulate spins on his user terminal, with a simulated credit meter incrementing and decrementing based on simulated outcomes. By testing various gaming device configurations in advance, the user has the opportunity to see which configurations are pleasing to the senses. The user also can determine which configurations are lucky for him. Once the user has found a desired configuration, the central controller may indicate to the user where he might find actual gaming devices capable of supporting the desired configuration. For instance the central controller might show the user a map of a country, state, city, or casino floor, with relevant gaming devices or locations highlighted. The central controller may also provide the user with written directions to a gaming device.

[0180] On the controller's Web site, the user may also take the opportunity to test new games he otherwise would never have played. For example, a traditional mechanical reel player may test a video slot machine. Or a reel player may test a video poker or blackjack machine. In fact, the central controller may encourage and reward the user for trying games he does not usually play. For example, the central controller may offer the user a voucher for a free meal at a particular restaurant if the user plays a new word-bonus game for an hour on the central controller's Web site. Familiarizing a user with new games is advantageous for a casino, because the user is then comfortable playing a number of games at the casino, and is less likely to leave if one of the games no longer suits him. Therefore, casinos may compensate the central controller for any benefits given a user for testing new games.

[0181] After testing gaming device configurations, or new gaming devices on the controller's Web site, the user may reserve a gaming device to use at a casino. By making a reservation, the user may assure that he may approach a particular gaming device at an appointed time and find it not in use by other users. Thus, a reserved gaming device may freeze (remain unplayable) and unlock only for a user who inserts a player tracking card that has a user identifier matching the user identifier of the user making the reservation. However, if the user does not unlock the gaming device within a certain time period, then the device may become available to other users. The user may commit money so as to reserve a gaming device. The money may be an outright payment, or it may become part of a user's credit balance when the user appears at the gaming device. The user may forfeit part of the money if he does not appear at the reserved time. A reservation may also be linked to a hotel reservation. For example, part of a user's reservation package at a casino resort may be a room for three nights and a particular gaming device for three days from 3:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M. [0182] A user may also test new games that have not yet been placed on casino floors. The user may provide feedback on these games. The user's feedback may allow a gaming device manufacturer to make a decision on whether to move forward with the production of a game. Feedback may also help a casino to decide whether or not to purchase certain gaming devices. The user may be compensated for his feedback on new games. For example, the user may earn the privilege of being the first to play a new gaming device when it is introduced onto a casino floor.

8. Financial Returns of the Gaming Device

[0183] Prior to visiting a casino, the user may enter preparation data describing the way money is paid out from a gaming device. The user may specify such parameters as a frequency with which the device pays, the hold percentage, the size of the jackpot, the size of lesser payouts, the frequency with which particular payouts occur, and so on. The user may not necessarily get everything he asks for, however. For example, the user may not be allowed to have a gaming device configured to pay back more than one hundred percent (100%). The central controller may adjust certain parameters based on other parameters the user chooses. For example, if the user desires a high payout frequency, then the central controller may lower the odds of hitting a jackpot and increase the odds of hitting a low payout. Thus, the hold percentage of the machine may be held constant. If the user attempts to enter parameters that would force the machine to pay back more then one hundred percent (100%) of coin-in, then the user may be prevented from doing so. For example, selection boxes on the central controller's Web site may be grayed out or disabled. [0184] In some embodiments, the user may submit preparation data to configure a gaming device to pay back more than one hundred percent (100%) of coin-in. In such cases, the user may have to pay or may have to accept a marketing offer. The user may also be time-limited in his use of the gaming device under the specified configuration.

[0185] The user may also remotely indicate the types of bets he would like to make at a gaming device. The types of bets may not be ones that are currently enabled by a gaming device. For example, a user might wish to bet on the occurrence of an outcome that does not pay (i.e., a losing outcome). Then, if a normally losing outcome occurs, the user may receive a small pay out. The user may wish to bet on five cherries occurring within three consecutive spins, on obtaining a winning outcome for threes spins in a row, on obtaining a bar on the middle reel, etc. There are, in fact, an infinite number of statistics describing the outcomes of a gaming device, for which no bets exist.

[0186] When the user creates a non-standard bet, the central controller may calculate the odds of the user winning his bet, and may then determine an appropriate pay out for winning the bet. For example, a gaming device may determine that the odds of five (5) cherries occurring within three (3) particular consecutive spins are twenty-one (21 ) to one (1) against. To provide the casino with an advantage, the controller may determine that a twenty (20) to one (1) pay out is appropriate for a bet on the occurrence of five (5) cherries in three (3) particular consecutive spins.

9. The User Interface

[0187] A typical gaming device may have only a few limited mechanisms for user input. A device might have physical buttons, with labels such as "bet 1 credit", "bet maximum credits", "cash out", "hold", and "spin". The physical buttons may be replicated on a touch screen, so that a user might touch either a physical button or the touch screen of a gaming device in order to accomplish a particular function. However, to practice some embodiments of the present invention, or for other reasons, a user may require a richer interface to the gaming device. For example, the user may prefer to bet seven credits on every handle pull of a gaming device. Rather than pressing the "bet 1 credit" button seven times, the user might desire a special button reading "bet 7 credits". Therefore, using the Web site of the central controller, the user may create a desired user interface for a gaming device. The following is a partial list of other buttons a user may create for use in interacting with the gaming device. [0188] Marketing buttons, such as "Give me an offer" or "Accept offer." These allow a user to receive and accept marketing offers so as to receive more gambling funds, insurance against losses, good deals, etc.

[0189] Buttons to make a particular type of bet, or a bet for a particular number of credits. For example, a button might place a bet on a particular character in the bonus round of a Monopoly™ game landing on a particular property. A button might place a bet on a losing outcome occurring. [0190] A button to cash out only a particular number or a particular percentage of credits. For instance, a user may wish to cash out only enough credits to tip a waitress. [0191] A button to undo whatever the last action was. Perhaps the user hit the "bet maximum credits" button by mistake, but has not yet made a handle pull. The user may wish to undo his last action and only bet two (2) credits.

[0192] A button to redo a previous bet, game, or action. Perhaps the user's last bet covered five (5) pay lines with two (2) coins per line. The bet turned out a winner for the user. Therefore, the user may press the "redo" button to repeat the bet. The user may be at a video poker machine, and wish to draw once again to a royal flush (the draw having been unsuccessful on the previous hand). Pressing the "redo" button, the user may get the chance to draw once again to the royal flush. However, the second time around, the user may have to make a larger wager. A user may wish to redo a bet in a particular way. Perhaps the exact time at which the bet was made was fortuitous. For example, three and a half seconds past the minute mark. Perhaps it was the exact way in which he pulled the handle. The gaming device may automatically replicate the way the user pulled the handle on a first bet in making the second bet.

[0193] A button to bet fractional numbers of credits. For example, the user may bet one third of a credit on a handle pull by pressing a special button.

[0194] The new buttons created by the user may be displayed as areas on the touch screen of a gaming device. Alternatively, instead of creating a new button, a gaming device may understand inputs from an old button as having a new meaning. For example, a button that is labeled "bet maximum credits" on a gaming device may be understood as "give me an offer" when pressed by a particular user. Thus, the central controller may tell the user, "When you want to get a marketing offer, just press the 'bet maximum credits' button and ignore the meaning of what is written on the button." In some embodiments, gaming devices are manufactured with physical buttons labeled "marketing button" or "get me an offer" or with some similar label. These buttons may be dedicated solely to the purpose of allowing players to request marketing offers. 10. The Form of Complimentaries the User is to Receive

[0195] The complimentary ("comp") system is an important promotional feature at most casinos. The complimentary system allows users to receive benefits based on the user's amount of play. For example, a user might be eligible for a free meal at a casino restaurant for every three thousand dollars ($3,000) gambled at the casino. One aspect of the disclosed invention is allowing a user to choose what types of complimentary benefits he would like to receive. The user may choose, for example, to receive free meals, reduced hotel rates, free show tickets, line passes, cash, credits, or merchandise. Where the user chooses merchandise that a casino does not typically give out, the casino or central controller may order the merchandise for the user. In fact, a significant advantage of the user's remotely choosing merchandise as a complimentary item is that the casino or the central controller has time to obtain the merchandise before the user visits the casino. The user may also disclose his intention to gamble for a certain amount so that the casino or controller can have a better assurance that the user will actually earn enough complimentary points to receive the merchandise the user has designated.

[0196] In addition to specifying the form of complimentary items, the user may also specify the amount and the type of play necessary to earn the complimentary items. For example, the user might say that he wants to earn something for playing the quarter ($0.25) slot machines for six (6) hours. What follows is a partial list of activities the user may specify as activities that earn complimentary items:

1. The user plays for a certain amount of time;

2. The user makes a certain number of handle pulls;

3. The user wins a certain net or gross amount;

4. The user loses a certain net or gross amount;

5. The user inserts a certain total amount of money; and/or

6. The user makes wagers totaling a certain amount.

[0197] In addition to specifying complimentaries for himself, a user may specify them for friends, relatives, third parties, and/or others.

11. Gambling Rules

[0198] As stated, in one or more embodiments, a user and/or a third party may set limits or rules governing, for one or more specific users, (i) the types of wagers that may be allowed (e.g., which paylines may be activated on a slot machine; the maximum wager amount per handle pull); (ii) the maximum net wager amount per period of time; (iii) the maximum net loss amount per period of time; (iv) the maximum net win amount per period of time; (v) the maximum rate at which handle pulls may be permitted; (vi) the maximum period of time for which one or more gaming machine(s) will be operable (e.g., starting from a triggering handle pull); (vii) the maximum number of handle pulls permitted per period of time; (viii) the days and/or hours that one or more gaming machine(s) may be operable; (ix) the sources of funds that may be used to place wagers (e.g., certain players may only play with stored value or debit cards; certain players may only play with "won" money after a threshold amount of cash is wagered); (x) the types of games which may be permitted (e.g., slots only; all games except video poker); (xi) the identities or types of gaming machines which may or may not be permitted (e.g., only on machine number "1234651 "; only on twenty-five cent ($0.25) denomination slot machines); and/or (xii) any other gambling attribute.

[0199] With respect to limiting the types of wagers that may be allowed, a user and/or third party may specify, for example:

1. The types of outcomes which a user may wager upon, including but not limited to: (i) Which / how many paylines on a slot machine may be activated; and/or (ii) The odds of winning a certain type of outcome (e.g., a player may be prevented from placing certain "long shot" bets);

2. The maximum or minimum economic (e.g., dollar) value of one or more wagers; and/or

3. The times when certain wagers may be permitted (e.g., between 7-10 PM only; on Saturdays and Sundays only).

[0200] With respect to limiting the maximum period of time for which one or more gaming machine(s) will be operable for specific player, a user and or third party may specify, for example: 1. How the time period will be defined or determined, such as by:

(i) Determining the conditions which are to denote the beginning of the time period (e.g., a particular player's first handle pull of a particular day may denote the beginning of a period during that day);

(ii) Determining the conditions which are to denote the ending of the time period; and/or

(iii) Determining conditions which will trigger a "tolling" or "pausing" of the time period and/or the duration of any tolling period or pause (e.g., if the player presents his player tracking at a casino-owned restaurant, the player's accruing time may be extended by one half (!4) hour to allow him to dine).

[0201] With respect to limiting the sources of funds that may be used by a specific player to place wagers, a user and/or third party may specify, for example:

1. The type of payment or currency that may be used (e.g., cash only, quarters only, no credit cards, only stored value cards, only debit cards; and/or 2. The nature of the funds used to place wagers (e.g., players may only play with "won" money after a threshold amount of cash is wagered).

[0202] Applicants have also recognized that users and/or third parties (e.g., spouses, creditors, taxing authorities such as the Internal Revenue Service) may wish to designate, prior to a user's gambling experience, how specifically any resulting gambling winnings will be paid (to whom, in what amount, when). Often, a user has preconceived ideas about what to do with his winnings at a casino, or what to do when he wins, or loses. Too often, a user leaves a casino wishing he had quit when he was up one hundred dollars ($100), or wishing he hadn't gone to the ATM a second time, etc. Therefore, a user may input rules that will govern his actions at the casino. Remote from the emotions and pressures of the casino floor, the user will better be able to decide how to handle his money.

[0203] One set of rules a user and/or third party might input describes how the user will allocate winnings among various causes. For example, the user and/or third party may wish to allocate two percent (2%) of winnings to pay for his hotel bill, three percent (3%) to pay for a credit card bill, ten percent (10%) to go into a gift fund for his wife, and three percent (3%) to go toward his child's college tuition. With these rules in place, the controller may set up multiple accounts for the user, and have the casino server automatically divert portions of the user's winnings to the designated accounts. For example, after a user wins one hundred dollars ($100) on a handle pull, the casino server may communicate this information to a central controller. The central controller may then increment a user's hotel bill account by two dollars ($2), credit card payment account by three dollars ($3), wife gift account by ten dollars ($10), and child tuition account by three dollars ($3). At predetermined time intervals, the user may be asked (e.g., by the central controller, casino server, or gaming device) whether the money in the designated accounts should actually be applied to the designated purpose, for example, to pay off line items on the user's hotel bill. Upon the user's approval, money in his hotel bill account may be eliminated, and his hotel bill reduced by the corresponding amount. Similarly, money in his wife gift account may actually be used to purchase a gift (the user may have also designated the gift as part of his rules). According to some embodiments, some or all of the distributions pursuant to the player's allocation may be tax exempt and/or tax deferred. In the case that the child tuition account is a tax deferred and/or tax exempt account, for example, the IRS may allow pre-designated

[0204] The following are exemplary rules or fragments of rules that may govern the user's allocation of winnings:

1. A fixed percentage of each payout the user wins goes into one or more accounts.

Thus, if a user wins two dollars ($2) on a handle pull, two cents ($0.02) may be allocated to a particular account; 2. A variable percentage of each payout the user wins goes into one or more accounts. The percentage may depend on the size of the payout, the time of day, the user's net winnings thus far, the amount already put into one or more accounts, etc.;

3. A portion of a payout goes into an account only upon the realization of some random event. For example, a rule might govern that for every credit a user wins, a random number between one (1 ) and one hundred (100) is to be generated. If the number is five (5) or less, then the credit goes into a first account. If the number if between six (6) and ten (10), the credit goes into a second account, and so on; and/or

4. One or more credits is taken out of a user's winnings at fixed intervals. For example, after the user wins ninety-nine (99) credits, regardless of how long it takes, the one hundredth (100^th) credit is taken out and placed in a particular account for the user. In another embodiment, one or more credits may be taken from a user device at fixed time intervals and placed into a particular account, provided the user has credits on his gaming device.

[0205] More generally, a user and/or a third party may set rules for determining and/or triggering an action that may be performed by a central controller, a casino server, a gaming device, a user terminal, a third party service provider server, or any other device or computer. For example, a user and/or third party may set any one or more of the following rules for determining and/or triggering an action:

1. The user is encouraged to quit after some condition has been met;

(i) The condition might be that the user has lost a certain amount; the user has lost on a certain number of consecutive handle pulls; the user has won a certain amount; the user has played for a certain amount of time; etc.; (ii) Upon the triggering of the condition, the gaming device may strictly enforce the user-defined rule by, for example, forcibly cashing out the user and ceasing to operate so long as the user's player tracking card is inserted. Alternatively or additionally, the player may be restricted from playing at one or more gaming machines for a predetermined period of time, such as one hour or one day;

(iii) In some embodiments, upon the triggering of the condition, the gaming device may simply encourage the user to quit. For example, a device may remind the player that he had intended to after wagering a certain amount, etc. The gaming device might also suggest some alternative activities for the user. For example, the user might visit the casino's restaurant, bar, or show. An exemplary input of the user into the Web site of the central controller is, "Cash me out if I win $100 or if I'm down $100." In another example, a user may specify "If I lose more than $100.00 within one hour, freeze access to my casino stored funds for twenty- four hours"; and/or

(iv) In some embodiments, upon the triggering of the condition, the gaming device may prompt a player with an output (e.g., a message or a question) that may require a particular input (e.g., an acknowledgement or answer) in order for the player to continue wagering. For example, a gaming device may prompt a player with a message illuminating the dangers of problem gambling, to which the user must input an acknowledgement (e.g., "I acknowledge these dangers") in order to proceed. In another example, a user must successfully answer a trivia question related to problem gambling in order to proceed. Such actions may increase awareness and education with respect to problem gambling;

2. A gaming device, a casino server, or another computer might be configured to trigger a notification message to a third party after a condition has been met. For example, if a player wagers and loses more than a certain dollar amount within a certain period of time, the casino server may email a problem gambling counselor and/or the player's spouse. Or, if the player wagers more than a certain dollar amount within a certain period of time, the casino server may trigger an automated outbound interactive voice response unit to place a phone call to the player's spouse, whose cellular telephone number may be registered in a database. Further, if the player wagers more than a certain dollar amount within a certain period of time, a casino representative may be notified through the systems so that the player may be addressed in a hands-on manner;

3. A gaming device, a casino server, or another computer might be configured to open a communication link between the player and a third party after a condition has been met. For example, in one embodiment, if a player wagers and loses more than a certain dollar amount within a certain period of time, the casino server may instruct the gaming device at which the player is sitting to open an instant messaging program so that a problem gambling counselor may be brought online and made available to the player. Alternatively, a telephone call to a telephone associated with the player may be initiated so that the player may be connected to a problem gambling counselor;

4. A gaming device, a casino server, or another computer might be configured to, upon the occurrence of the triggering condition, slow down the rate at which play may be permitted at one or more gaming devices, lower the amount that may be wagered at one or more gaming devices, or the like; 5. A gaming device, a casino server, or another computer might be configured to, upon the occurrence of the triggering condition, permit the player to:

(i) only play for "free" (i.e., where no wagers can be placed and no money can be won); and/or

(ii) only play with very small "micro-bets" (e.g., one percent (1 %) of a machine's denomination);

6. A gaming device, a casino server, or another computer might be configured to, upon the occurrence of the triggering condition, require the player to:

(i) sacrifice any "comp" points earned to-date; and/or (ii) obtain the consent of a third party before resuming (e.g., a problem gambling counselor or spouse might have to enter a code into a website which reactivates the player's gaming permissions);

7. A gaming device might be configured to, upon the occurrence of the triggering condition, output an audio or video clip to the player. The recording may provide a reminder to the player that he should stop gaming. This audio or video clip may be a recording of a friend or family member of the player, the player's gaming counselor, a celebrity, the player himself, or some other person with whom the player feels an affinity. For example, a player's gaming counselor may use a video camera to record clips of the player's friends and family members encouraging the player to stop gaming. These video clips may then be provided to a casino so that they can be output to the player an appropriate time;

8. A gaming device, a casino server, or another computer might be configured to, upon the occurrence of the triggering condition, rescind a benefit that has been or would have been provided to the player. For example, the player may be prevented from earning any "comp" points during the remainder of his gaming session, the player may lose access to one or more features on the game machine (e.g., auto-play mode, free play mode, free movies and phone calls while gaming), or a player may be prevented from receive free drinks while gaming; and/or

9. The gaming device, casino server, or the central controller manages the user's wagers so that the user does not lose all of his money prior to a certain time. For example, the user might say, "I don't want to lose all of my $100 buy-in within a three hour period." Then, the gaming device might steadily decrease the user's wager size as he loses money, to make sure he does not run out within a three (3) hour period. If the user begins to win money, the gaming device may increase the size of the user's wager.

[0206] In some embodiments, gambling rules and/or limits for a specific user may not be changed or eliminated for a period of time following the registration of such rules or limits. Thus, a user who voluntarily registers limits on his gambling ability may not be permitted to, for example, eliminate or otherwise modify such limits immediately before visiting a casino so long as his planned visit is within the period. Although the effective periods of various limitations and rules may be fixed or predetermined (e.g., a number of days or hours following registration), such periods may alternatively be of variable-length, for example, based on one or more factors such as (1 ) a player's winnings or losses during the period, (2) a player's savings or payment patterns during the period, (3) input from third parties during the period (e.g., a problem gambling counselor may modify the effective period of a rule), etc. For example, if a player loses more than two hundred dollars ($200) during the period, the period may be extended by ten (10) days. Or, if a player has demonstrated to the computer system that he's saved fifty dollars ($50) into a savings account during the period, the period may be shortened by five (5) days. Further, if a player has demonstrated that he's paid various financial obligations during the period (e.g., a mortgage, taxes, child support, etc.), the period may be shortened. Further still, if a problem gambling counselor feels that a player has (or has not) made progress towards controlling an addiction, the counselor may shorten (or lengthen) a period.

12. Information About Contracts for Which the User Wants to Sign Up

[0207] Gaming contracts are a way for a user to purchase (and for a casino to sell) large blocks of handle pulls at once. Over the course of a large number of handle pulls, certain statistics become more pronounced. For example, whereas after a small number of handle pulls, a user may or may not come out ahead, the user is almost guaranteed to come out behind after a large number of handle pulls. This is because the house maintains a small edge on every handle pull. Therefore, in selling large blocks of handle pulls to a user, the casino can afford to provide discounts or other benefits. One attractive benefit is insuring a user against losses. Thus, a user may pay to make twenty thousand (20,000) handle pulls with the provision that he keeps any winnings but is not liable for any losses. Aside from being able to offer attractive incentives for contract purchases, the casino also benefits from locking the user into a large number of pulls.

[0208] The user also benefits from contract play. As mentioned, the user may insure himself against losses. The user may also ensure that he can afford a large number of pulls by purchasing them all at once. Then, he needn't worry about running out of money before his planned stay at the casino ends. Another benefit is that, having purchased a large number of handle pulls at once, the user need not necessarily be present when they are executed. Thus, the user may go off to have lunch or may even leave the state while handle pulls are made on his behalf. The user then enjoys an experience akin to that of remote gambling. [0209] In some embodiments of this invention, the user may structure and or purchase contracts at the Web site of the central controller. In structuring a contract, the user may designate any of the following:

1. The number of handle pulls in the contract;

2. The wager amount for each of the handle pulls;

3. The game to be played (e.g., IGT^®'s Triple Diamond^®, or Double Bonus Poker^®); and/or

4. The price of the contract.

[0210] The user may also or alternatively provide gambling instructions such that a gaming device might generate outcomes for the user automatically. Such instructions may relate to the outcomes of a contract, or to outcomes unrelated to a contract. Exemplary instructions may include:

1. The frequency with which outcomes are to be generated (e.g., make ten (10) handle pulls per minute);

2. The total number of outcomes to be generated (e.g., make one thousand (1 ,000) handle pulls); and/or

3. The way new outcomes are to be generated or new wagers are to be made in dependence on old outcomes (e.g., "double up my bets every time I lose", and "go back to 25 cents per pull when I win". Or "double the rate of handle pulls when I have lost more than five times in a row", but "halve the rate of handle pulls when I have won a payout of more than $10". Or "stop after I have won or lost $100").

[0211] Once the user has submitted preparation data describing a contract and/or gambling instructions, the user may name or otherwise identify the contract. For example, the user may call a contract "Superluck system." Then, when the user appears in person at a gaming device, he need only select the Superluck system to begin contract play.

13. Travel Arrangement Information

[0212] Using the Web site of the central controller, the user may make travel and accommodation arrangements. The user may select, for example, the hotel at which he would like to stay, the days he would like to stay, the grade of room, the transportation he would like to take from the airport, the airline he would like to fly, etc. In some embodiments, the user may provide travel dates and allow the central controller to find a suitable hotel for the user. For example, the central controller might find a hotel with rooms available, a hotel with the cheapest room rates, or a hotel that gives benefits for staying there (e.g. free meals). [0213] The user may receive various gaming related benefits for making travel arrangements using the central controller. For example, he may receive five dollars ($5) in free gaming chips for every one hundred dollars ($100) worth of travel arrangements he makes using the central controller.

14. Friends' E-mail Addresses

[0214] At the central controller's Web site, the user may enter the email addresses of friends, relatives or other people the user may wish to contact during a gambling session. The user may wish to contact people, for example, if he has just had a string of good luck and wishes to share his excitement with others. The user may also wish to contact others to solicit encouragement if he has not been doing so well. The user may also simply want to chat while playing the slots. By entering email addresses remotely, a user has access to an address book, for example, and need not memorize all his friends' addresses. The remotely entered addresses then become available to the user at a gaming device. For example, the name of a user's friend may be listed on a touch screen of the user's gaming device. The user need then only touch the friend's name, compose a message, and touch a "send" button on the touch screen in order to send an email message to his friend. In addition to friends' or relatives' email addresses, the user may enter AOL Instant Messenger^® handles, phone numbers, or other contact information for friends.

[0215] In some embodiments, the user gives the central controller or one or more casino servers permission to contact one or more of his friends. The central controller may then market to the user's friends by, for example, urging the user's friends to visit a casino associated with the central controller. The user may receive a benefit for allowing his friends to be contacted. In some embodiments, friends are contacted on behalf of the user. For example, the user says, send an email to my friend "Joe Smith" every time I win more than forty dollars ($40) on a handle pull. The user may even compose the message beforehand. The message might read, "I've just won $x, don't you wish you had come with me?"

15. The User's Gaming Circle

[0216] A user may register one or more other people to benefit from his gaming and/or gambling. These registered beneficiaries are termed the user's "gaming circle" and/or "gambling circle", as applicable. For example, the user registers several friends, each to receive ten percent (10%) of any jackpot the user receives. Alternatively, a user may specify one or more friends of a gaming circle, where the friends are registered to receive various gaming benefits associated with the user's play, such as points, credits, demos, cheat codes, and/or the unlocking of gaming levels. Creating a gambling circle has several advantages. A user can leave for a trip to a casino with the psychological backing of friends, relatives, or coworkers. When he wins, he not only feels good about receiving money, but also about having won money for his gambling circle. Furthermore, when the user returns from his trip, his gambling circle will be more interested in how the trip went and in any good stories the user has to tell. Describing his trip to his gambling circle adds to the fun of the user's experience.

[0217] A user may register members of his gambling circle by entering their names, e-mail addresses, and/or home addresses when logged into the Web site of the central controller. These may be stored, for example, in the gaming circle database 1100 of FIG. 11. When a user registers members of his gaming and/or gambling circle, he may specify what benefits they are to receive. The following is a partial list of possible benefits:

1. A percentage of any jackpot the user wins;

2. A percentage of the user's gross winnings;

3. A percentage of the user's net winnings (dollars, credits, points, etc.);

4. A percentage of the user's jackpots, net, or gross winnings during a certain time frame (e.g., from 2:00 PM to 3:00 PM every day);

5. A percentage of the user's jackpots, net, or gross winnings, capped at a certain amount, (e.g., five percent (5%) of net winnings up to a maximum of fifty dollars ($50));

6. A non-monetary prize which is dependent on the user's winnings (e.g., a fifty dollar ($50) gift certificate at Amazon.com® if the user wins any jackpot over one thousand dollars ($1 ,000)); and/or

7. One or more game play benefits such as points, experience levels, free demos, bonus levels, characters, and/or capabilities, and/or the unlocking of game features such as levels.

[0218] Benefits given the members of a user's gaming and/or gambling circle may or may not detract from a user's own winnings. For example, if the user wins a one thousand dollar ($1 ,000) jackpot, and has signed up a member to receive five percent (5%) of any such jackpot, then the user may receive only nine hundred and fifty dollars ($950) of the jackpot. Alternatively, the user may receive the full one thousand dollars ($1 ,000), and the casino or other party (such as a marketer) may provide the extra fifty dollars ($50) due the member of the gambling circle. If it is the casino that will provide the extra money to compensate a member of a gambling circle, then the casino may require some action of the user or the member of the gambling circle before providing the money. For example, the casino may require the member of the gambling circle to pick up the fifty dollars ($50) at the casino. The casino would then benefit from having a potential customer visit the casino. A marketer providing the extra fifty dollars ($50) might require the member of the gambling circle to test one of the marketer's products. For example, a car dealer might require the member of the gambling circle to test drive the dealer's car before receiving the fifty dollars ($50). [0219] In some embodiments, the benefits given the members of a user's gambling circle bear little relationship to the user's winnings. For example, members of a gambling circle may receive benefits only when a user loses in excess of a certain amount. As another example, a member benefits when the user gets an outcome of "lemon-cherry-bar," which may ordinarily be a non- winning outcome.

[0220] A member of a gambling circle may receive any benefits due him in a number of ways. The casino may send cash, a check, a money order, a voucher for casino chips, or a prize in the mail. The casino may wire money, send digital cash, or deposit money directly to a financial account of the gambling circle member. The casino may simply notify a member of a user's gambling circle of what the user has won, with the presumption that the member would then collect from the user. Many other ways are possible for a casino or marketer to provide a benefit.

16. lntentionality Information

[0221] Knowing a user's intended activities can be valuable for a casino or other marketer. Intended activities may include such things as when a user intends to visit Las Vegas; how long a user intends to stay in Las Vegas; how much a user intends to gamble; where a user intends to gamble; where a user intends to eat and how much he intends to spend; where a user intends to stay; what his shopping budget is; and so on. Knowing a user's intentions, a marketer can try to pitch products or services that suit the user's intentions. For example, if a user plans to stay in Las Vegas for four days, a hotel might offer the user a special rate based on a four-night stay. Also, when the user is in Las Vegas on his last day, a casino may be willing to sell a product to the user. The casino would not ordinarily wish to divert a user's money from gambling. However, knowing that the user is there for his last day, the casino might deduce that a larger profit would come from selling a product to the user than would come from allowing the user to gamble for his small remaining amount of time.

[0222] A user may submit his intentions to the central controller via the central controller's Web site. The user may respond to specific questions, such as "How many people are you traveling with," by keying in a number or by selecting from multiple answer choices, such as "1", "2", "3", or "more than 3". The user may also provide more free-form answers, either by typing them in or by speaking into a microphone. Free form answers may be responses to questions such as "What do you plan to do during your vacation?" The free form answers may then be interpreted by a human or a computer program. [0223] The user may be compensated for submitting his intentions. For example, the user may receive compensation for each question he answers. The compensation might depend on the value of the user's answers to a casino or marketer. For example, a user may receive more compensation for answering, "What is your gambling budget?" than for answering "Where do you intend to eat lunch on Sunday?"

[0224] As the user answers questions, new questions may be posed to the user based on his answers to old ones. For example, if the user says his trip to Las Vegas is to last four (4) days, he may then be asked where he plans to stay. However, a user who indicates his trip is only a day trip may not be asked where he intends to stay.

[0225] A casino or a marketer may try to influence a user to alter his expressed intentions, perhaps with the offer of a special deal. For example, if the user intends to gamble at a first casino, then a second casino may offer the user twenty dollars ($20) in free casino or gambling chips if the user goes there instead. If the user only plans to stay three (3) nights, then a hotel may offer him a discount on room rates for a fourth (4^th) and fifth (5^th) night.

[0226] A casino or marketer may also or alternatively encourage a user to commit to his intentions.

For example, the user may say he intends to spend about one hundred dollars ($100) shopping at a particular casino. The casino, knowing the user could always change his mind, might ask the user to commit to the one hundred dollars ($100) worth of shopping. For committing, the user might receive a benefit, such as a twenty-dollar ($20) gift certificate at one of the casino's stores. There may be various ways of enforcing the user's commitment. For example, the user may have to deposit a certain amount of money with the central controller. The user may lose the money if he does not honor his commitment.

[0227] A user may submit information about his friends' intentions. Perhaps the user knows how long his friends are staying, where they are staying, where they like to gamble, where they like to eat, and so on. The user might provide friends' contact information along with their intentionality data, so that a casino or marketer may contact the user's friends.

[0228] Along with information about his intentions, a user may submit information about his obligations. Obligations may be thought of as a stronger form of intentions, where there is some psychological pressure on a user to perform an action. For example, the user is obligated to leave after four (4) days because he has to go to work on the fifth (5^th) day. A user may similarly receive compensation for submitting obligations. A marketer may not try as hard to get a user to commit to his obligations, nor to convince a user not to fulfill obligations.

[0229] The central controller may infer user intentions or obligations. If the user has already made a reservation with a casino's hotel, for example, then the central controller may receive such reservation information from the casino hotel. The central controller then knows how long a user intends to spend on a vacation. The central controller may also refer to existing data about the user. For example, if the central controller has a record of the user's prior hotel stays in Las Vegas, and the user has stayed in Las Vegas for an average of five (5) days during each of the last six (6) years, then the central controller may infer that the user intends to stay in Las Vegas for five (5) days during an upcoming vacation.

[0230] Knowing a user's intentions and obligations, the central controller may employ principles of revenue management in providing offers to the user. For example, if the central controller knows a user has a one hundred and fifty dollar ($150) food budget, then the central controller might offer the user a meal at a restaurant for twenty dollars ($20). "Sam", who has a five hundred dollar ($500) food budget, might get the same meal offered for thirty dollars ($30). The central controller might also offer the user food or products of a perishable nature, perhaps at a reduced price.

17. Entertainment And Convenience Information

[0231] Gaming devices may have the capability of providing a number of entertainment or convenience features beyond the mere play of the game. For example, gaming devices may allow the user to view television or movies, to access the Internet, to place phone calls, to do word processing, to listen to music, and so on. Therefore, a user may submit preparation data detailing the entertainment and convenience features he would like. What follows are some examples of user requests:

1. The user requests continuous access to ESPN^® whenever playing the slots;

2. The user requests to place twenty (20) minutes worth of phone calls to any place in the U.S. for each three hours gambled;

3. The user requests to watch first run movies while playing the slots;

4. The user requests access to the Internet and to word processing software while at the slots;

5. The user requests access to instant messaging while at the slots;

6. The user requests free access to two pay Web sites while playing the slots; and/or

7. The user request to hear the top fifty (50) songs on the country music charts while playing the slots.

[0232] The user may also or alternatively request particular entertainment features, including movies and TV shows, for his hotel room.

18. Information About the User's Preferred Environmental Conditions [0233] A user may submit preparation data on what environmental conditions most suit him. The user might provide preparation data pertaining to ambient temperature, ambient lighting, proximity of machines to each other, the crowdedness of the casino floor, the noise level of the casino, and the smokiness and ventilation of the casino. In addition, preparation data may pertain to the number of casino personnel available to serve a user. For example, the user may desire a casino employee to help with baggage. The user may desire a particular frequency of waiters bringing drinks. Users may specify preparation data that pertains to the user's preferred drink or drinks. Knowing these, a waitress would be able to bring the user drinks without asking what he would like. The user may also submit preparation data about when he would like to be served drinks. Then, a waitress could bring drinks to a user without his ever asking. Users may specify preparation data that pertains to casino devices in a particular configuration. For example, the user might prefer machines that are at the end of a row, that are isolated, or that are in an arc configuration.

19. Scrapbook Information

[0234] A trip centered on gambling may constitute a major vacation for a user. The average visitor to Las Vegas spends more than four (4) days there. A visitor often comes in by airplane. Furthermore, visitors to Las Vegas seek out numerous forms of entertainment in addition to gambling.

[0235] As with any vacation, the user wishes to enjoy himself and to retain memories of his best experiences. A casino may assist a user in retaining memories by documenting the user's experiences in various ways. The casino may use the security cameras to take pictures of the user. The casino may save pictures of the user from various special moments, e.g. just after the user has won a sizable payout. The user's gaming device may communicate with the casino server or central controller, alerting them that a payout has been won. The casino server may then send a signal to a casino security camera overlooking the user. The camera may be instructed to capture and/or save one or more still images from the time period during which the player won. Security cameras may also record images from a user at times of low morale, to serve as a points of comparison with pictures of the user's later triumphs.

[0236] A gaming device may also record and store particular outcomes achieved by the user. The gaming device may provide the user with a printed record of his outcomes. The gaming device may also communicate the record of outcomes to the central controller. The central controller may then send the record of the outcomes to the user's terminal. Using software that graphically represents a gaming device, the user may be able to relive his gaming experience on his user terminal. [0237] Pictures of the user's facial expressions may even be overlaid on top of the graphical representation of the gaming device as it achieved outcomes causing the user's expressions. For example, a user is shown with an elated expression on top of a picture of three bars lining up on a slot machine. Such pictures may be provided digitally to the user, in printed form, or may be put on T-shirts or other merchandise for the user.

[0238] When a user achieves certain outcomes, casino employees may gather around the user for a group picture. Perhaps they hold the user on their shoulders directly in front of a security camera. [0239] The casino may record sounds from the user as well as images. For example, microphones on the gaming device may record the user's exclamations of sorrow or joy as his fortunes change. [0240] Since documentation of a vacation may be so important to the user, the user may submit preparation data describing how his vacation will be recorded. The user may describe when the casino should take or record pictures of the user. For example, the user might request saving a picture of the user whenever the user wins a payout exceeding one hundred dollars ($100). The user might request saving the top five outcomes won by the user, so that the user may later have the outcomes reenacted at his computer.

[0241] The user may wish for special merchandise to be made reflecting the user's vacation. For example, the user may ask for a mug displaying the dollar figure of the user's best outcome above a picture of the user.

[0242] Part of the user's preparation data may also be payment instructions for the documentation of his vacation. For example, the user may pay ten dollars ($10) and be entitled to receive prints of one hundred (100) pictures of the user's choice. The user may pay twenty dollars ($20) to receive two T-shirts with the user's picture on them. The user's payment may or may not be made in advance. The user may or may not commit to paying for any elements of documentation. [0243] In some embodiments, a user's gaming device is configured to display a "photograph this" button or a "save this" button. When the user presses the button (as by touching an area of the touch screen), a camera in the casino may photograph the user, or the gaming device may save the current outcome for future reenactments.

[0244] It may be worthwhile for a casino to provide a user with free documentation of his vacation. After taking multiple pictures of a user, for example, a casino would be able to present the pictures to the user in a logical, organized, or attractive format, such as a scrapbook. However, if a user were to go to multiple different casinos during a vacation, and were he to receive documentation from the multiple casinos, the documentation from the different casinos would not necessarily fit together conveniently. Thus, a casino can retain users more effectively by providing documentation, since a user would wish to stay at that casino and have his whole vacation documented in a unified format. [0245] In some embodiments, multiple casinos, restaurants, and/or other merchants may coordinate with each other in the documentation of a user's trip. For example, two different casinos may each photograph a user, and send the photographs to a central database maintained by the central controller. The central controller may then assemble all of the photographs into an album and present them to the user in a unified format.

[0246] Photographs, outcomes, and other data documenting a user's trip may, according to some embodiments, be stored in a trip documentation database.

20. What the User Wishes to Buy

[0247] Many visitors to casinos enjoy shopping in casinos' extensive shopping malls. However, the malls do not necessarily have everything a user wishes to purchase. Therefore, the user's preparation data may include a list and description of items the user wishes to purchase. The user may desire customized items, such as T-shirts with his name on them. When the user indicates what items he wants in advance, stores have the opportunity to obtain or to make what the user wants. The user may pay in advance or may simply commit to a purchase. The items the user requests may be held at particular stores, may be sent directly to the user at his home address, or may be brought to the user while he is at a gaming device or in his hotel room. In some embodiments, a store obtains goods requested by the user and gives them to the user at the store for free or for a steep discount. The expectation is that the user will purchase more items at the store. The user may be required to purchase more items in order to get the requested product for free or at a discount.

[0248] Items a user requests to purchase may also be offered to the user as prizes. For example, if the user wins a two hundred dollar ($200) prize at a slot machine, the slot machine may offer to give the user the dress she requested instead of her prize.

[0249] Clearly a tremendous amount and variety of preparation data is possible, and a user may not necessarily provide certain preparation data that it is possible to provide. For example, a user may not necessarily provide any data of use to marketers, nor even indicate whether or not he would like to receive marketing offers. Thus, the controller may associate default preparation data with each user. In the above example, where the user has not indicated whether or not he would like to receive marketing offers, the default may be that the user does receive marketing offers. Default data may not be the same for every user. Rather, default preparation data may depend on information about the user, or it may depend on the business environment of the central controller, casino servers, or marketers. For example, marketing offers may be presented to a user if a marketer is experiencing particular pressure to dispose of inventory, but may not be presented otherwise. β. Determining an Associated Preparation Code - 1404

[0250] In some embodiments, the central controller may assign a preparation code to each user's preparation data. The code may be any sequence of letters, numerals, punctuation, and other symbols. Sample codes are, "123456," "C123456," "ABCDEF," and "*$%#@Q%." Codes may be any length. In some embodiments, codes are limited in length and symbol usage so that they may be easily memorized by a human. Also, the symbols in codes may be restricted to those easily entered into a gaming device. For example, a player tracking card reader on a slot machine may contain a keypad with only numerals. Therefore, codes may consist strictly of numerals. [0251] In some embodiments, a unique code is assigned to each unique set of preparation data. Since there may be more possible sets of preparation data than codes of a given length, certain codes may expire after a time so that they may be reused for new sets of preparation data. That is, code "123456" may correspond to a first set of preparation data only for three weeks, after which it may be assigned to a new set of preparation data. A code may correspond to different sets of preparation data depending on different circumstances. The time of day, the geographic location, and the type of gaming device receiving the code may all determine the corresponding set of preparation data. Advantageously, this may allow fewer codes to represent more unique sets of preparation data, since each code can now represent multiple sets of preparation data. For example, "123456" may represent a five reel (5-reel), one dollar ($1 ) per bet gaming device configuration in Atlantic City, but may represent a three reel (3-reel), quarter ($0.25) per bet configuration in Las Vegas.

[0252] When codes are assigned to sets of preparation data, the codes may simply be assigned in sequence according to the order in which sets of preparation data are defined by users. For example, set of preparation data may be assigned the code "000129," while a set of preparation data received immediately afterwards may be assigned the code "000130." [0253] When a code is assigned to a set of preparation data, a record may be created for the code and preparation data in a database such as the preparation data database 1200 of FIG. 12. When a gaming device, casino server, or the central controller later receives a code, it may simply examine the record in the database to determine the corresponding preparation data. [0254] In an alternative embodiment, a code actually contains preparation data. For example, each digit of a code may correspond to a different feature of a gaming device configuration. The first digit may indicate the game type, the second the font size, the third the wager size, and so on. Then, when a gaming device receives a code, it need only interpret each segment of the code using a predefined table in order to configure itself properly. Such a table may be stored in the gaming device, the casino server, or the central controller. [0255] In some embodiments, a first code is created such that it contains preparation data. However, the code may be very long, especially if there are many features that can be customized. Therefore, a second code is created by compressing the first code in some fashion. Numerous compression algorithms for a sequence of bits or numerals are known in the art. When the gaming device later receives the second code, it may reverse the compression algorithm to recover the first code and to deduce the preparation data from the first code. Of course, the casino server or central controller may also reverse the compression.

[0256] Preparation data may be associated with a particular user. Thus, information about the user may be sufficient for a gaming device to obtain preparation data. For example, a user's name may be stored in a database corresponding to a set of preparation data. When the user later enters his name into a gaming device (perhaps via his tracking card), the gaming device may find the user's name in the database and thereby obtain the corresponding preparation data. A user's player tracking card number may serve a similar function, and may thus serve as a preparation code. Other user characteristics may be associated in a database with configurations. A user's biometric data, such as voice data, retinal scan data, or finger print data may be associated with a particular configuration.

[0257] A preparation code may take the form of bar code, or any other machine-readable code. The user may then print out the bar code from his user terminal. When the user subsequently inserts the bar code into a gaming device, the gaming device may obtain the user's preparation data. [0258] A user may specify his own code to be associated with a particular configuration. Perhaps he labels a configuration, "203461-9999," or "Big Jackpot," or "xyz."

[0259] A preparation code may only describe particular features that a user has selected. Other features may then take on default values. For example, if a user has only selected the number of reels, a code might read "NR5," where "NR" stands for "number of reels," and "5" indicates the desired number. The code does not describe other features, and so these may take on default values.

C. Transmitting the Preparation Data and Code to a Casino Server (or Other Device or Computer) - 1406

[0260] Once a code has been associated with a particular set of preparation data, the code and the preparation data may be transmitted to a casino server, and/or a gaming device. Transmission may occur via the Internet, e-mail, phone, fax, or any other mode of communication. [0261] In some embodiments, the code and preparation data are transmitted immediately after they have been generated. In other embodiments, a gaming device may only receive preparation data after a user has entered a code, and the gaming device has sent the code to the casino server and/or the central controller.

[0262] In embodiments where a preparation code contains information about a gaming device configuration, the controller need not necessarily transmit both configuration data and the preparation code, since a gaming device or casino server may be able to derive one from the other according to predefined rules.

[0263] When a user sits down at a gaming device, he may enter his preparation code in order to have the gaming device determine the user's preferred features (such as preferences and/or gaming rules or limits). He may enter the code in a number of ways including, but not limited to:

1. Keying in the code via a keypad or touch screen;

2. Speaking the code into a microphone, whereby it is interpreted using voice recognition software;

3. Inserting a bar code into the gaming device and/or otherwise scanning or reading a barcode or other indicia;

4. Inserting his player tracking card into the device;

5. Inserting into the gaming device any magnetic strip containing the code;

6. Inserting into the gaming device a floppy disc, CD, DVD or other storage medium containing the code;

7. Wirelessly transmitting the code to the gaming device using a cell phone, PDA, or other communications device; and/or

8. Providing biometric data to an input device of the gaming device (e.g., fingerprint, retina, and/or facial recognition data).

[0264] If the gaming device cannot interpret the code, the gaming device may transmit the code to the casino server and/or to the controller. The casino server or controller may then look up the code in a database such as the preparation data database 1200 of FIG. 12, and may retrieve the corresponding configuration information. The configuration may then be sent back to the gaming device so that it can configure itself accordingly.

D. Provide Feedback To The User - 1408

[0265] Generally, after the user has entered preparation data into the Web site of the central controller, the central controller may respond to the user. The following is a partial list of possible information contained in the central controller's response:

1. A thank you to the user for submitting preparation data and/or request confirmation of the submitted preparation data; 2. Maps and/or directions to any gaming devices or other points of interest for the user;

3. Vouchers or coupons for use at a casino, restaurant, or other business. The vouchers may, in particular, be for businesses in the vicinity of the user's intended destination;

4. Information about one or more individual gaming devices. For example, the gaming device's date of manufacture, pay out percentage to fifty-three (53) year-old males, etc. The user may, for example, print out this information and take it to his astrologer for a consultation;

5. Updates on gaming devices for the time since the user entered preparation data. The central controller may call the user's attention to new gaming devices if these have been performing well lately. Such updates may be made periodically;

6. Configuring a gaming device according to the configuration data associated with a preparation code received from a player at the gaming device; and/or

7. Marketing offers for the user. The marketing offers may offer the user benefits for doing business or agreeing to do business with any merchant in the vicinity of the user's destination or anywhere else. In some embodiments, the central controller will only honor the user's preparation data if the user agrees to a marketing offer. For example, the controller might say to the user, "We will give you the pay table you requested but in return we would like you to fly to Las Vegas using XYZ Airlines." The central controller might ask the user to prepay for some product or service in order to solidify the user's agreement. So the user might prepay for three nights stay at a hotel after agreeing to spend his vacation at the hotel.

[0266] It should be noted that in some embodiments, an additional and/or alternate one or more steps may be performed by the one or more computers or devices referenced herein. Such an additional step(s) may be performed when a user attempts to use a gaming device or machine at a casino premises. Pursuant to such a step or steps, the gaming device or machine, and/or a computer associated therewith (a casino server, a central controller, a third party service provide server, a user device or terminal), may (a) identify the user, (b) identify any applicable gambling rules, restrictions or limitations (such as those described herein), and/or (c) execute an appropriate action (e.g. , as described herein).

[0267] In such an additional step or steps, a user may be identified upon his presentation of a customization code or preparation code, such as a player tracking card number or a biometric identifier. For example, a user may insert his player tracking card into a player tracking card reader (e.g., such as player tracking card reader 510 of FIG. 5) of a gaming machine. In order to identify any applicable gambling rules, restrictions or limitations, the gaming machine and/or a computer associated therewith may query a local or remote database based on the customization code or preparation code. For example, a gaming machine and/or computer associated therewith may determine if the presented code exists in a record of a database, such as the illustrative preparation data database 1200 of FIG. 12, to determine if corresponding rules have been registered (e.g., by himself or by a third party) to limit the user's gambling activity. If rules have been registered in association with the user, and if any applicable conditions have been satisfied (e.g., a threshold number of wagers have been placed in a given period of time), the gaming machine and/or computer associated therewith may execute an appropriate action, such as by:

1. restricting the user's ability to utilize a gaming machine;

2. restricting the user's ability to fund or place a wager;

3. restricting the user's ability to use, access or liquidate winnings;

4. signaling the player, through an output device, with a message encouraging the user to stop or limit wagering activity;

5. signaling a third party, through an output device, with a message informing the third party about the user's wagering activity;

6. opening a communication session between two or more devices; and/or

7. executing any other action described herein.

[0268] Some embodiments may be directed to operating a gaming device and/or conducting gaming sessions in accordance with pre-defined (e.g., third-party pre-defined) gaming rules and/or limits. Turning to FIG. 15, for example, a flow diagram illustrating a method 1500 according to some embodiments is shown. The method 1500 may, according to some embodiments, be conducted by any practicable device, system, and/or entity as described herein. In some embodiments, the method 1500 may be conducted by a casino server or gaming device.

[0269] The method 1500 may generally initiate at 1502 to receive an indication of a gaming rule. The indication may be received from a user and/or third-party device, for example, and/or may be determined based on a player's identity. The indication may comprise the rule or limit itself, and/or may comprise a pointer to a location where the rule and/or limit is stored. The method 1500 may continue at 1504 to receive and indication of a request to execute a gaming session. As the order of the processes and elements of methods described herein is not fixed or defined by the order in which such processes and/or elements are described and/or presented herein, the process at 1504 may, according to some embodiments, occur before and/or substantially contemporaneously with the process at 1502. In some embodiments, for example, the indication of the gaming rule may be determined based upon the indication of the request to execute the gaming session and/or information associated therewith (e.g., the player's identity). According to some embodiments, the indication of the request may be received by and/or via a gaming device and/or may be received by and/or via a casino (and/or other) server. A player may insert a player tracking card into a gaming device, for example, which may constitute a receiving of an indication of a request to execute a gaming session. Alternatively, a player's selection and/or depression of a "spin" and/or other executable button and/or device (e.g., a softkey) may provide such an indication. [0270] At 1506, it may be determined whether the gaming session is compliant with the gaming rule. Any gaming rule determined and/or received at 1502, for example, may be evaluated and/or compared to session parameters to determine if the requested session is allowable. If the gaming session is compliant with and/or satisfies the gaming rule, and/or if no gaming rule is applicable, then the method 1500 may proceed to 1508 to execute the session (e.g., as requested). [0271] In the case that the gaming session is determined not to be compliant with the gaming rule, a notification of non-compliance may be provided at 1510. The player attempting to execute the session may be notified that the player is not allowed to execute the session, for example, and/or a third party such as a spouse, parent, employer, and/or government agency may be notified that the player has attempted to execute a prohibited session (e.g., a gaming session defined by a parameter that has been restricted with respect to the player). In some embodiments, the notification may also or alternatively comprise instructions, such as instructions directing the player as to what types of gaming are allowed, and/or directing the player how the current session may be adjusted and/or changed to fall within the acceptable criteria established by the gaming rule. [0272] In some embodiments, as alluded to with respect to the method 1500, the gaming rule (and/or limits defined thereby) may be determined, such as based on a particular player and/or a particular gaming session. Referring to FIG. 16, for example, a flow diagram illustrating a method 1600 according to some embodiments is shown. The method 1600 may generally begin at 1602 to receive an indication of a request to execute a gaming session. In some embodiments, this may be similar to the indication of the request received in the method 1500 at 1504. [0273] According to some embodiments, the method 1600 may generally continue to determine a gaming rule, at 1604. While this may be similar to and/or comprise the receiving of the gaming rule at 1502 in the method 1500, it may also or alternatively comprise various other methodologies for determining the gaming rule. A biometric identifier may be received and/or identified as part of the receiving of the request at 1602, for example. In some embodiments, a facial scan of a player at an arcade game and/or slot machine may be conducted, for example, to determine an identity of the player. Such facial scanning technology and associated methods are described in WO 03/060846 filed in the name of CIAS, Inc. on December 20, 2002, and published on July 24, 2003, entitled "COMBINATION CASINO TABLE GAME AND IMAGING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY RECOGNIZING THE FACES OF PLAYERS - AS WELL AS TERRORISTS AND OTHER UNDESIRABLES - AND FOR RECOGNIZING WAGERED GAMING CHIPS", the facial recognition descriptions and concepts of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. Based on the player's identity, the gaming device may access and/or query a database to lookup any gaming rules and/or limits that may be associated with the player. The gaming limits and/or rules may also or alternatively be determined and/or defined dynamically, such as randomly, and/or based on various recorded and/or known player characteristics. Based on an amount that the player has gambled and/or spent in the past week, for example, one or more gaming limits may be automatically defined and/or imposed. In some embodiments, such limits may be determined based on criteria established in an attempt to track, identify, and/or pre-empt problem gambling behaviors. [0274] The method 1600 may generally continue at 1606 to determine if the session is compliant with any applicable rules. This may be conducted in a manner similar to that of the compliance determination at 1506 in the method 1500. For example, any gaming limits, such as wager amounts, established by an applicable gaming rules may be compared to one or more parameters associated with the requested gaming session, such as amount wagered, to determined compliance. In the case that the requested amount wagered is larger than the allowed wager limit, for example, the session may be determined to be non-compliant. While compliance is generally described herein as being associated with a gaming session, it should also be understood that the player may be deemed complaint and/or non-compliant based on the requests for gaming sessions and/or other actions conducted by the player. A player requesting a non-compliant gaming session may be, for example, a non-compliant player.

[0275] In the case that the session is determined to be compliant, the session may be executed at 1608. In some embodiments, the session may only be required to be substantially compliant. In the case that a wager amount and/or other parameter violates an applicable rule by a marginal and/or negligible amount, for example, the session may nonetheless be determined to be compliant. For example, if a maximum loss limit is ten dollars ($10) and the requested session may allow the player to lose an amount that would cause the player to incur a loss of ten dollars and five cents ($10.05), the five cent ($0.05) excess may be determined to be negligible and/or inconsequential, and the session may be executed (e.g., at 1608). In some embodiments, such "margins" may be defined (e.g., by the player, by a third party, and/or by the gaming device) and/or may be based on the underlying limits (e.g., a certain small percentage deviation may be allowed for each and/or certain limits).

[0276] In the case that the session is determined to by non-compliant, the method 1600 may continue to provide a non-compliance notification at 1610. This may be similar to the notification provided at 1510 of the method 1500. The gaming session may also or alternatively be barred, cancelled, and/or otherwise prevented from being executed in violation of any applicable rules. According to some embodiments, the gaming session and/or gaming device may be reconfigured to proactively and/or reactively ensure gaming rule compliance.

[0277] Turning to FIG. 17, for example, a flow diagram illustrating a method 1700 according to some embodiments is shown. The method 1700 may generally begin at 1702 to receive an indication of a request to execute a gaming session (such as at 1602 of the method 1600). In some embodiments, the method 1700 may continue at 1704 to determine a gaming rule (such as at 1604 of the method 1600). At 1706, it may be determined whether the requested gaming session is compliant with the determined rule (such as at 1606 of the method 1600). In the case that compliance is determined, the method 1700 may simply continue to execute the session at 1708 (such as at 1608 of the method 1600).

[0278] In some embodiments, such as in the case that the session is determined to be noncompliant (e.g., at 1706), the method 1700 may continue at 1712 to adjust the session to make it compliant. Any or all parameters of the session that are determined to violate gaming limits established by any applicable gaming rules, for example, may be adjusted in accordance with such limitations. In the case that the player has requested the session to be executed at a current time of 4:58 PM, and the player's parents have set a gaming rule that defines a gaming limit for gaming times of between 5:00 PM and 9:00 PM, for example, the player may be forced to wait the extra two (2) minutes to make the session compliant (e.g., such that the session is executed during the acceptable limited time window). According to some embodiments, the player's waiting may be supplemented with entertainment and/or advertising materials to help pass the time and/or to prevent the player from simply leaving. The wait period may also or alternatively be concealed from the player, such that, for example, the player does not realize an "intentional" wait has been initiated. During such a concealed wait, the gaming device may allow the player to play one or more non- wager games (e.g., where the limit is on wagering games and/or wagering), ask the player one or more trivia and/or demographic questions, play one or more entertaining media files, and/or otherwise occupy the player to delay play until the acceptable period.

[0279] Other parameters of game play may be similarly adjusted to force and/or cause compliance. In some embodiments, such adjustments may be made automatically (e.g., without player consent and/or knowledge) or may be presented to the player as options for allowing the requested play. Offering the player a choice may be particularly advantageous in the case that a parameter may be changed in a plurality of ways to achieve compliance, such that the player may be allowed to choose one or more of these ways to implement.

[0280] In any case, once the session has been adjusted for compliance, the method 1700 may continue to 1708 to execute the adjusted session. In such a manner, for example, even non- compliant sessions may be executed and/or non-compliant players (e.g., problem gamblers) may be forced and/or directed to execute gaming sessions in compliance with pre-established gaming rules. Particularly in the case that such rules are established, defined, and/or managed by third-parties, the player's gaming habits may become influenced and/or shaped by such rules, which may in turn facilitate the reduction and/or prevention of problem gaming behaviors.

VII. Examples

[0281] The following specific examples are provided to illustrate particular embodiments described herein, particularly from the perspective of potential users of the system 10OA, 100B of FIG. 1A and/or FIG 1 B, including players and potential controller operators such as casinos.

A. Example A

[0282] Sarah wanted to keep her brother informed during her upcoming trip to Las Vegas. She therefore logged onto the Web site Vegasvacationplanner.com and provided her player tracking card number. She then provided instructions that all outcomes she achieved would be emailed to her brother once an hour. She provided her brother's email address.

[0283] The day Sarah arrived in Las Vegas, she sat down at a slot machine. She inserted her player tracking card. The slot machine communicated the player tracking card number to the central controller. The central controller looked up the number in a database, and found the instructions Sarah had provided, along with her brother's email address. The central controller then instructed the slot machine to transmit its outcomes to the central controller as they were generated. As Sarah made her handle pulls, the slot machine transmitted the outcomes to the central controller. The central controller stored the outcomes. Every hour, the central controller sent the newly stored outcomes in an email to Sarah's brother.

β. Example B

[0284] Sam was planning a week-long trip to Las Vegas. Sam did not get much time away from his home in Florida due to work and family obligations. So this would be his big vacation for the year. He wanted it to be memorable and he wanted it to go well.

[0285] Sam began his planning by logging onto the Web site, the Web site identified by the URL http://www.Vegasvacationplanner.com. He saw that there were many of aspects of his vacation for which he could plan. He set up an account with the Web site by typing in his name, age, email address, and home address.

[0286] First Sam decided to find a slot machine game he was comfortable with. He selected from a list of possible slot games, choosing a game called Crazy Jewels. A new window appeared on his monitor containing a graphical rendition of a mechanical three-reel slot game. Sam clicked on a "spin" icon and caused the graphical slot machine to spin and display an outcome. Sam made a few more spins before deciding Crazy Jewels was boring, and trying a new game. Sam tried a few different games before finding one he enjoyed playing. The game was called Camel Quarters. He enjoyed it in part because he seemed to be winning most of the time. Sam put a check mark next to Camel Quarters on the Web site.

[0287] One of Sam's fears was quickly losing too much money on his vacation. He knew he could try to limit his gambling budget, but if he lost it all quickly, he would be bored for the rest of the vacation. Therefore, Sam browsed through some marketing offers on the Web site. Many merchants offered to offset gambling losses, or to give Sam money outright for doing business with them. Sam agreed to an offer where he would test drive a sport utility vehicle in return for thirty dollars ($30), which Sam would get only if he lost at least thirty dollars ($30) gambling at the casino. Sam agreed to several other offers too.

[0288] In case the marketing offers Sam accepted did not turn out to be enough to cover potential losses, Sam decided he would be open to receiving more marketing offers while playing the slots. He entered some information about himself, including the fact that he owned a house, had two small children, had a three-year old car, and enjoyed golf. A marketing button would then appear on the touch screen of any slot machine Sam played. Anytime Sam wished to receive more money, he could press the button and receive another marketing offer. Accepting the offer would give Sam more money to gamble with.

[0289] On the Web site, Sam had the opportunity to choose a prize he would like to play for at a slot machine. Sam had always wanted a Porsche™, so he chose his favorite model to play for. If Sam then won the maximum jackpot on any machine with a jackpot over thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), he would get the Porsche™ instead of the money.

[0290] Sam noticed that the Web site allowed him to scan in pictures to be subsequently displayed on his slot machine. Sam thought it would be neat to have his dog Woofie appear on the reels of the slot machine. Sam could even arrange it so that lining up three Woofie's would give him a large payout. Sam scanned in a picture of Woofie using his home scanner and sent the picture as an attachment in an e-mail to pics@Vegasvacationplanner.com. The picture was then stored in a database for later access by Sam at a slot machine.

[0291] Sam saw that he could actually have pictures taken of him while playing the slots, and that the pictures could be made into an album for him and sent to him for only twenty dollars ($20). Since this was a big vacation for Sam, he very much wanted the vacation documented. Therefore, Sam typed in his credit card number and agreed to pay the twenty dollars ($20). He asked that pictures be taken of him whenever he won more than a one hundred dollars ($100) payout. He also asked that his picture be overlaid on top of an image of the slot reels for any pay out over five hundred dollars ($500).

[0292] When Sam had finished with his selections at the Web site, he was asked to enter his mother's maiden name, and the name of the street on which he grew up. The answers would later be used in confirming Sam's identity at a slot machine. Sam did as he was asked. [0293] The Web site then gave Sam two links to maps. Sam clicked on one link and a map of Las Vegas appeared on his screen. The New Age Casino was highlighted on the map. The other link gave Sam a map of the casino floor of the New Age Casino. Two rows of slot machines were highlighted. These were the machines that played Camel Quarters. Sam printed out the two maps so he could find his way to the Camel Quarter machines.

[0294] When Sam got to Vegas, he took a cab to the New Age Casino. Using his map of the casino floor, he easily found the Camel Quarter slots. He sat down at one. The touch screen displayed a question, asking whether Sam had made any advance customizations. Sam touched a "yes" button and was asked for his name. Sam entered his name using touch screen keys. He was then asked for his mother's maiden name and for the name of the street on which he grew up. He answered these questions successfully, and was then welcomed. To his delight, the picture of his dog Woofie appeared on the touch screen. Woofie subsequently appeared on the reels of the Camel Quarters game.

[0295] An hour into play, Sam had lost thirty dollars ($30). A message appeared on his touch screen. "Bob's SUV Dealer is pleased to take care of your loss. Here is another $30." The credit meter on Sam's machine then incremented by thirty dollars ($30). Unfortunately, in the next few hours, Sam exhausted all the money he had on reserve from marketers. So he pressed a button on his touch screen marked "Get Your Offer to Increase Your Bankroll!" Sam was then offered twenty- five dollars ($25) for trying a free round of golf at the Golden Days Country Club in his hometown. Sam agreed, signed an area on the touch screen, and watched as his credit meter incremented by twenty-five dollars ($25).

[0296] On his second day, Sam lined up three Woofie's and won two hundred and fifty dollars ($250). He was told to look up at the ceiling, where a security camera captured his smile. His face was overlaid atop an image of three Woofie's, and this picture was the highlight of the album he later received.

C. Example C

[0297] Player A has a self-recognized tendency to gamble more than he can afford at the local casino, and so he used his personal computer to log onto the casino's Web site to register various self-imposed limitations (e.g., defining and/or selecting one or more gaming rules or limits). Once at the Web site, Player A entered his player tracking card number and then populated various checkboxes corresponding to the games he did not want to be allowed to play: video poker and video blackjack. Player A also entered a budget of one hundred dollars ($100) per month. Since Player A does not like to play without earning comp points, he routinely presents his player tracking card at every wagering opportunity, and such presentation of his player tracking card would thereby allow the casino's computer system to ensure that he does not (a) play video poker or video blackjack or (b) gamble more than one hundred dollars ($100) per month. When Player A subsequently presented his player tracking card at a video poker machine, the video poker machine output a message on its screen reading "Sorry, Player A, but you are not permitted to play video poker at this time."

D. Example D

[0298] Mr. and Mrs. Smith like to visit the local casino together, but sometimes Mr. Smith likes to visit the casino while Mrs. Smith is at work. Because they agreed that Mr. Smith may bet a bit more aggressively on his own, they registered Mr. Smith's player tracking card with the casino's website and registered a rule which would allow Mrs. Smith to get a phone call to her cellular phone (from the casino's automated outbound IVR unit) in the event that Mr. Smith gambled more than fifty dollars ($50) in any one (1 ) hour on a weekday. After receiving a phone call that Mr. Smith gambled seventy-five dollars ($75) in twenty (20) minutes on a Wednesday, Mrs. Smith called Mr. Smith's cell phone to discuss the matter.

VIII. Additional and/or Alternate Embodiments

[0299] The following are example alternative variations which illustrate additional and/or alternate embodiments. It should be understood that the particular variations described in this section can be combined with the different embodiments, or portions thereof, described above in any manner that is or becomes practicable. These examples do not constitute a definition or itemization of all possible embodiments. Further, although the following examples are briefly described for clarity, those skilled in the art will understand how to make any changes, if necessary, to the above-described apparatus and methods to accommodate these and other embodiments and applications. [0300] The submission of preparation data has been described in the context of a gambling experience. However, a user could also submit preparation data to customize a video game experience. For example, prior to visiting a video arcade, a user could select a game, a sound level, a sensitivity level of characters' motion in relation to the movement of controls, and so on. A user could submit preparation data to customize his experience at an ATM machine. Then, after entering his password, the user might immediately receive a designated amount of cash. Having submitted preparation data, the user need not select a language, select deposit or withdrawal, select checking or savings, key in a number, etc. Preparation data may also apply to a point of sale terminal. When a shopper identifies himself using a frequent shopper card, or a credit card, the POS terminal may respond to the shopper's stored preparation data. The POS terminal may then format the shopper's receipt in a certain way, print certain coupons on the back of the shopper's receipt, provide discounts, or present certain marketing offers to the shopper. In some embodiments, preparation data includes a description of a subscription to a product or service. The user may, for example, indicate he wishes to buy milk once a week for twelve (12) weeks at a discount of ten cents ($0.10) per carton. Then, when the user pays for milk at a point of sale terminal, the user is given the ten cent ($0.10) discount.

[0301] Many alternate systems are possible. For example, the central controller may communicate directly with gaming devices, without the intermediation of slot servers. The central controller may additionally function as a slot server. Marketer devices may not be present. For example, in some embodiments, the central controller only markets items for sale at the casino in which the controller is situated.

[0302] The central controller may inform the user that a benefit, such as free credits, is waiting for him at a particular gaming device. The user need then only insert his player tracking card, or provide some other identifier, in order to claim the benefit. Advantageously, the user is encouraged to appear at a location where he is very likely to gamble. Therefore a casino may be able to afford providing the free benefit as an inducement to gamble.

[0303] A user may arrange to have customized coin racks with his name on them made available to him at the casino. The user may also request other customized products, such as T-shirts or mugs, containing names, phrases, or pictures of his choice.

[0304] The central controller may be in communication with multiple casino servers. Knowing a user's intentions to visit Las Vegas, several casinos may wish to attract the user to their hotels. Therefore, casinos may compete for the user's business. For example, a first casino may offer the user an enticing package involving discounted room rates, free show tickets, free meals, gambling credits, etc. A second casino may offer its own enticing package. The user or the central controller may then decide which package is best.

[0305] Documentation of a user's gambling experience may be sufficiently entertaining as to warrant broadcast on television. On the Web site of the central controller, the user may consent to the use of his voice and/or image for public broadcast. The user may later receive a reward if excerpts from his trip are ever aired. [0306] A user may submit requests for particular meals. The central controller may inform a restaurant so that the chef knows how to prepare the user's meal. The restaurant may also have the opportunity to obtain special ingredients in advance of the user's coming, or to insure that certain ingredients are avoided for users with food allergies.

[0307] Preparation data may include a desired arrangement or lay out for a hotel room. The user may want windows facing a certain direction, silk linen, certain types of food and drink in the room's mini-bar, a certain type of shampoo, and so on.

[0308] Preparation data may include what movies or television shows a person wishes to watch at a slot machine. For example, the user may wish to catch up on all of the missed episodes from the last season of his favorite sit-com. The central controller or casino may then obtain these shows and broadcast them on the user's slot machine.

[0309] Preparation data may include special medical needs of the user. The user may need a wheel chair, walker, oxygen supply, or an assistant while staying at the casino. The user may request that medication be made available for the user, should the user need it. For example, if the user is a diabetic, the user may request that the casino have extra insulin on hand just in case the user needs it. The user may request that he be monitored especially closely by the casino security cameras, so that if he requires medical assistance, it will be made quickly available.

[0310] Preparation data may be associated with a credit card account. When a user makes a purchase using a credit card, the user may receive certain benefits described in the user's preparation data. For example, the user may ask to receive two cents ($0.02) towards the purchase of a new boat for every dollar purchased using the credit card. The user's money accumulated towards the new boat may be kept in a special account by the credit card company, and released to the user when he has enough to buy the boat. As another example, the user may receive a special discount on a purchase if a credit card order totals over fifty dollars ($50).

[0311] On the Web site of the central controller, the user may wish to find the worst performing slot machines at a casino or other location, as well as the best performing. Many users believe that poorly performing machines are due for an upswing in performance.

[0312] The user may configure his gaming device to allow him to order drinks or other services or products. He may then simply press a "bring drink" button on his touch screen to get a waitress to bring him a beer, for example.

[0313] A user may arrange for speed dial buttons in his hotel room. For example, on the Web site of the central controller, the user arranges for a first button to call a pizza restaurant, for a second button to call work, for a third button to call home, and so on. [0314] A user may arrange for direct-dial use of his long distance provider. This might save the user from having to dial an "800 number", enter a pin code, and enter a credit card number in order to user his long distance provider.

[0315] A user may remotely watch games being played. Watching others play games may allow the user to feel more comfortable playing the games himself. A user might, for example, see a video feed from the security cameras above a blackjack table. He could then watch other people playing blackjack. For reasons of privacy, the user might view only the cards and the dealer, not the faces of the other players at the table.

[0316] A user might arrange to borrow various items, including rental cars, digital cameras, cell phones, suits, and so on.

[0317] A user might reduce or eliminate charges on his hotel bill prior to embarking on a vacation. To do so, a user might accept marketing offers. For example, the user may make a purchase at an on-line retailer affiliated with the hotel. The retailer might then cover the cost of the user's first night stay at the hotel. The user might also enter into forward commitments. For example, the user may commit to staying at the hotel in the future, and thereby get billed for a lower cost room than that in which he is to stay.

[0318] A user might find out about the machines on which his friends have played. The player may discover the identity of the machines, or even the results his friends achieved on the machines. The user might then play on gaming devices that have done well for his friends, or may even try to outdo friends on certain machines. The user's friends may have already been registered as part of the user's gambling circle. Thus, the user does not invade their privacy by looking up their results. [0319] A user may arrange for his constantly updating itinerary to be sent to friends or coworkers. Then, if the user changes plans during a vacation, his coworkers would still know how to reach him. [0320] The present invention may include the additional step of verifying that the player is legally permitted to gamble. For example, if the player is unable to prove he is over the age of twenty-one, he may not be permitted to access the customization Web site. Thus, the central controller may, for example, consult a database of publicly available birth records. Alternatively the player may be required to provide a scan or a photograph of an ID, such as a driver's license or passport belonging to the player. Further, if the player possesses a certain item, such as a credit card, that, for example, is known to only be distributed on a restrictive basis, then the central controller may infer the player's eligibility from the player's possession of the item.

[0321] In some embodiments, the remote controller may be equipped to print a generic or customized document describing the player's customized configuration and/or the customization code to enter into the gaming device. The document may include cashless gaming receipts or coupons with bar codes, for example, to provide the player with an incentive to bring the document with him to the casino. The consumer may insert the document, or a copy of it, into the gaming device to activate the customization of the gaming device and/or to redeem the coupons. [0322] In some embodiments, a player device, such as a wireless PDA, may be used to activate the customization of the gaming device and it may alert the gaming device to the player's proximity using, for example, a wireless protocol (such as Bluetooth® as described at http://www.bluetooth.com/dev/specifications.asp ). Once identified, a consumer's customized configuration information may be automatically transferred to the gaming device. Alternatively, the device may be preprogrammed to be able to transfer an ID (e.g., player tracking information), a customization code, and/or an entire configuration to a gaming device, kiosk, or a slot server at the casino location. For example, a player may load a slot machine customization program onto his combination cell phone/PDA (such as the Kyorcera^® SmartPhone^® Model No. 6035). After having created a configuration for a slot machine, the player may walk around a casino "beaming" (via infrared transmissions) his configuration at slot machines. Gaming devices compatible with the system of the present invention may respond by lighting up and/or by playing audio welcoming the player by name and inviting the player to play "his" personally customized game. As indicated above, using a device that supports wireless protocols such as Bluetooth® would eliminate the need to actively beam a player's configuration. By merely approaching an enabled gaming device, the player's device could trigger the gaming device to configure itself to the player's customized configuration. The cell phone/PDA may track and record the player's performance and winnings information for a given configuration and allow him to adjust the configuration or entirely new configurations.

[0323] In some embodiments, the player may log onto the casino server directly, bypassing the central controller. Alternatively, the player could log onto the gaming device directly, bypassing the casino server.

[0324] Although the systems have been described as one or more gaming devices networked to a casino server, embodiments apply to other games and gaming environments. For example, some embodiments may be applied to table games, such as table poker and blackjack. In such embodiments, players may insert their player tracking cards into card readers corresponding to seats around, for example, a poker table. The casino server could access player preferences data and casino preferences data for the players, and transmit that data to a data terminal located at the dealer. The dealer could then modify the game or award payouts according to the preferences. [0325] Some embodiments may also apply to other environments or systems involving one or more data terminals networked to a central server to configure the terminals to identifiable users or operators. For example, the invention could be readily adapted to apply to networked video game systems, systems with point-of-sale terminals, and ATM. This eliminates the need for users or operators to manually enter configuration information during each and every session to configure the terminals.

[0326] In some embodiments, the preparation data received by the central controller may be forwarded to one or more slot machine manufacturers to be incorporated into newly manufactured gaming devices. For example, if the vast majority of players prefer larger font types, new machines might be designed with larger font types as a default.

[0327] The central controller's Web site may serve as a testing ground for new games. Device manufacturers, or casinos may present games or configurations that they are considering introducing, but for which they desire player feedback. Players may test the configurations, and rate them. Players may be paid or may receive other special privileges for doing so. [0328] Once a player has selected a configuration, the central controller may provide guidance to the player as to how to find gaming devices capable of supporting the configuration. The central controller may illuminate a path through a casino location and/or display a map showing visually where the player might go to find the gaming devices. The map might be large scale, showing, for example, the entire world, the U.S., or a particular state. The map might show smaller regions, such as the city of Las Vegas, or even the floor plan of a particular casino location. The map might contain other information such as how many of the desired gaming devices are in each region, how many are currently available, how many are likely to be available, how well they have paid out, and so on.

[0329] In alternative embodiments, information regarding a player's gaming experience at the customized gaming device may be transmitted up to the casino server, or the central server and the player may be given a code that he can use to later access the information from his user terminal. For example, if a video recording of a player winning a jackpot is captured by a camera and recorder in or near the gaming device, the gaming device can provide the player with a code that allows him to access the casino server to view the video at home via his user terminal. Other types of information that may be transmitted include gambling performance statistics, records of outcomes generated by the gaming device during the player's use of it, account information, customized configuration performance data, records of player decisions made during play (e.g., in video poker devices), analysis of player gambling performance, comparative data from other players, and the like. In some embodiments where targeted marketing information is presented to a player at the gaming device, there may be feedback or survey responses from the player that may be stored on or communicated back to the gaming device, casino server, central controller, and/or the third-party service provider server. This type of information may also be made accessible via a code provided to the player, the casino, and/or a third-party. [0330] The following subsections detail additional and alternative embodiments of methods. A. Receive Configuration Data From A User Terminal

A player logs on to the central controller 102 with the user terminal 106 and communicates his configuration data. The user terminal 106 may include a personal computer, personal digital assistant, a telephone, a kiosk, an ATM, a slot machine, a vending machine, etc. The central controller 102, may include a Web site accessible via the user terminal 106, wherein the user may select a number of customization options for a gaming device 102. By customizing a gaming device 120, a user has the opportunity to select a game he likes. He also has the opportunity to pre- configure a gaming device to operate in a manner that is convenient and pleasing to his senses. For example, the user may pre-configure the gaming device 120 to print text in his native language. The user may set the decibel levels of a gaming device's sound effects so that they are neither too loud nor too soft. Some other possible customizations include configurable features such as: type of game played (deuces-wild, jacks or better, video reel, efc.), speed at which the reels spin, number of coins played as a default (game denomination), game rules, game variations, music level of the game, sounds types generated by the game, game colors, game lighting, amount of help offered by the game, frequency with which bonus levels are reached, duration of bonus levels, whether or not the top jackpot is paid as a lump sum or installment, whether or not team members receive a bonus when the player hits a payout, format of the complimentary benefits received (e.g., cash, merchandise, frequent flyer miles, efc.), payout structure (e.g., six (6) coins for a flush and nine (9) coins for a full house, rather than five (5) coins for a flush and ten (10) coins for a full house), extra payout options (e.g., small payment for four card straight flushes), language or choice of currency, starting point of game (e.g., always start with two pair or three card royal), automatic player decisions (e.g., draw one card to a flush unless there is a pair of jacks or better, in which case the jacks are held). In addition to the features that are chosen by the players, the casino may also set numerous parameters for the player such as: hold percentage of the machine, rate at which complimentaries accumulate (e.g., two percent (2%) of coin-in rather than one percent (1%)), game eligibility (e.g., games which lock out play from anyone but high-rollers), and complimentary award rules (e.g., one player gets a bottle of wine sent to his room if he ever loses more than one thousand dollars ($1 ,000) in one (1) hour, while another player gets a free spin every time he misses a one card draw to a royal flush on any deuces wild machine).

[0331] There are many possible ways in which a player might select customizations. A Web site on the central controller 102 may display multiple menus, each menu providing choices of embodiments for a particular feature as depicted in FIG. 4. For example, a language menu may have the choices of English, Spanish, Chinese, or Japanese. A font size menu may have the choices of large, medium, or small. Menus may also have an "other" choice, allowing a user to select from less common choices (e.g., Swahili) or to key in their own choices, such as a particular point size for font.

[0332] In some embodiments, rather than making choices on Web site residing on the central controller 102, a player may download to the user terminal 106 (or a player device 512) software allowing for customization. The software may guide the player through a series of feature menus and store and/or upload the player's selections.

[0333] In some embodiments, the player may select features over the phone by, for example, listening to a pre-recorded menu of feature choices and then pressing a number on the phone's keypad corresponding to the desired choice. For example, the player may press "5" to select a five- reel slot game when asked to select a preferred number of reels. The player may press "0" to select a million-dollar jackpot when asked to select a preferred jackpot size. The player may also select features not on any prerecorded menu by keying in a relevant sequence of numbers. For example, the player may key in "175000" to select a maximum jackpot of one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars ($175,000), even when there is no pre-recorded choice for a one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars ($175,000) jackpot.

[0334] In some embodiments the player may choose from a number of previously customized configurations. For example, one configuration might describe a quarter denomination, five-reel video slot machine, with standard symbols, three pay lines, and a four-coin (4-coin) maximum wager. The player may choose this configuration in its totality without having to individually choose the coin denomination, the number of reels, efc. In fact, anytime a player customizes a gaming device 120 configuration, the configuration may be listed on the central controller's Web site for another player to select. Of course, once a player selects a configuration, he may be free to change individual features.

[0335] Configurations listed on a central controller's Web site, or anywhere else, may have associated performance indicators. For example, a player may report that using "configuration #329", he won two thousand dollars ($2,000). Seeing the high performance of "configuration #329", another player may choose to select it for himself. Performance may be indicated using dollar figures, varying numbers of stars, colors, votes, efc. For example, five (5) stars, gold, and ten thousand (10,000) votes may all be indications that a particular configuration has performed well. Performance may be self-reported by players, or may be reported automatically by a gaming device 120 once a player has finished a gambling session using a particular configuration. Players may also self-report with gaming devices 106 providing occasional verification of the accuracy of players' reports. Individual players may gain reputations as experts at configuring gaming devices 106. Their advice and their configurations may be sought after. Players therefore may have their own ratings indicated by dollar figures, stars, colors, votes, efc. [0336] Use of certain configurations may intentionally be restricted. This may be done to limit the number of players attempting to play on gaming devices 106 that are of a limited quantity within the casino. Additionally, use of certain configurations may be intentionally restricted because only a certain number of gaming devices 106 at a given casino location may be capable of supporting those configurations. For example, a mechanical slot machine will be unable to support video features. If too many players were to select a particular configuration, or even a particular feature, some might have difficulty locating an available machine to support their configuration. Configurations may be made more widely available by allowing players to select times, dates, and geographic regions for their gambling activities. Then, players gambling at different times or in different places need not compete for the same machines to support like configurations. [0337] Another reason that the use of configurations may be intentionally restricted is that being the only one, or one of only a few players to "own" a particular configuration may be psychologically pleasing to a player. Therefore, other players may be restricted from viewing or using his configuration. It is possible that a first player would pay another player for access to his configuration. A player might also pay the central controller for access to a configuration, or for information about high performing configurations. Particular casinos, or particular device manufacturers may enjoy exclusive rights to certain configurations, even when other casinos or manufactures would be technically capable of supporting the configurations. A player who desired to use a certain configuration may then have a reason to play at one casino over another. [0338] While selecting various features or configurations in some embodiments, a player may have the opportunity to test the configurations using the user terminal 106. For example, when the player selects a symbol-size, he may view symbols on his user terminal 106 at the size they would actually appear on a gaming device. When the player selects a reel-speed, he may view graphical reels spinning at the same speed they would on an actual gaming device. [0339] In some embodiments, the user terminal 106 may display a comprehensive or complete graphical representation of a gaming device 120 to aid in the selection of feature values. As outcome generation is simulated, the player may change various features using graphical interface controls, i.e. by clicking, dragging, or otherwise selecting certain areas of the graphical representation of the gaming device. For example, suppose the reels are spinning on the user terminal's display screen. The player may take his mouse and drag it downwards along the surface of a spinning reel, much as a person might drag his hand along the wheel of a bicycle to make it spin. The effect would be to increase the speed of the reel's spinning. The player may change the symbol size by clicking on a corner of a lemon symbol, for example, and dragging the corner away from the center of the symbol, causing the entire symbol to enlarge. A player might create an extra reel by clicking on one reel and dragging it right, creating another reel. Alternatively, the player might click on a reel and use a copy and paste function, much like those found in many word processing programs. Of course, there are many other ways for a player to interact with a graphical representation of a gaming device in order to customize feature values.

[0340] A graphical representation of a gaming device 120 also allows a player to engage in mock gambling sessions using his selected configuration. If one configuration does not win for the player in a mock session, the player may choose another configuration. He may keep choosing different configurations until he has found one he considers lucky.

[0341] In some embodiments, a player at a gaming device 120 may be an attractive marketing target for a number of reasons. First, the player is typically a captive audience, with eyes fixated on the game at hand. Secondly, a marketer may have advanced knowledge about the player from a player's player tracking card. This allows a marketer to better target advertisements and offers to a player. Third, the gaming device gives the marketer an opportunity to provide immediate benefits to a player in exchange for his attention or his business. These benefits might take the form of cash, gambling tokens, extra bonus symbols, efc. Fourth, the player may be highly motivated to accept from the marketers the offered benefits and their associated conditions. The player may, for example, have suffered a large gambling loss and wish to recover the loss by accepting a marketing offer. Fifth, a player can make a payment at a gaming device 120.

[0342] Since gaming devices are an ideal place for marketers to make pitches to players, players may provide advanced guidance to potential marketers. The player may answer questions about his age, marital status, financial status, number of children, home ownership, car ownership, medical conditions, and so on. He may indicate the types of products in which he is interested. For example, he may mention that he is looking to have his roof re-shingled, or that he is looking for a new life insurance policy. Player supplied information is a way for a player to customize the ads and the offers he will receive, much as he also customizes the operation of the gaming device. Once the player has received various promotions and had a chance to respond or ignore them, the central controller 102 might update a user profile based on his responses. Analysis of the player responses may allow for better targeting of promotions in the future towards that player.

β. Determine an Associated Preparation Code

[0343] The central controller 102 may generally assign a preparation code to each gaming device configuration. The code may be in the form of any sequence of letters, numerals, punctuation, and other symbols. Examples of codes according to the present invention include, "123456," "C123456," "ABCDEF," and "*$%#@Q%." Codes may be of any length. In some embodiments, codes may be limited in length and symbol usage so that they may be easily memorized by a player. For example, the player's telephone or social security number may be used. Also, the symbols in codes may be restricted to those easily entered into a gaming device 120. For example, a player tracking card reader on a slot machine may contain a keypad with only numerals. Therefore, codes for that machine may be limited to numerals.

[0344] In some embodiments, a unique code may be assigned to each unique configuration. Since there may be more possible unique configurations than codes of a given length, certain codes may expire after a time so that they may be reused for new configurations. That is, code "123456" may correspond to a first configuration only for three weeks, after which it may be assigned to a new configuration. A code may correspond to different configurations depending on different circumstances. For example, the time of day, the geographic location, and the type of gaming device receiving the code may all determine the corresponding gaming device configuration. Advantageously, this may allow fewer codes to represent more unique gaming device configurations, since each code can now represent several device configurations. For example, "123456" may represent a five reel (5-reel), one dollar ($1 ) per bet configuration in Atlantic City, but may represent a three reel (3-reel), quarter ($0.25) per bet configuration in Las Vegas. [0345] When codes are assigned to configurations, the codes may simply be assigned in sequence according to the order in which configurations are defined by players. For example, a first configuration may be assigned the code "000129," while a configuration received immediately afterwards may be assigned the code "000130."

[0346] When a code is assigned to a configuration, a record may be created for the code and the configuration in a database such as the preparation database 214. When a gaming device 120, casino server 112, or the central controller 102 later receives a code, it may simply examine the record in the database to determine the corresponding configuration.

[0347] In alternative embodiments, a code may actually contains configuration information. For example, each digit of a code may correspond to a different feature of a configuration. The first digit may indicate the game type, the second the font size, the third the wager size, and so on. Then, when a gaming device 120 receives a code, it need only interpret each segment of the code using a predefined table in order to configure itself properly. Such a table may be stored in the gaming device 120, the casino server 112, and/or the central controller 103.

[0348] In some embodiments, a first code is created such that it contains configuration information. However, the code may be very long, especially if there are many features that can be customized. Therefore, a second code may be created by compressing the first code according to a compression algorithm. Numerous compression algorithms for a sequence of bits or numerals are known in the art. When the gaming device 120 later receives the second code, it may reverse the compression algorithm to recover the first code and to deduce the configuration information from the first code. Of course, the casino server 112 or central controller 103 may perform the function of reversing the compression.

[0349] A particular configuration may be associated with a particular player. Thus, information about the player may be sufficient for a gaming device 120 to obtain configuration information. For example, a player's name may be stored in a database corresponding to a particular configuration. When the player later enters his name into a gaming device 120 (perhaps via his player tracking card), the gaming device 120 may find the player's name in the database and thereby obtain the corresponding configuration. Other player characteristics may be associated in a database with configurations. A player's biometric data, such as voice data, retinal scan data, or finger print data may be associated with a particular configuration. When a player subsequently provides biometric data to a gaming device 120, the gaming device 120 may look up the data in the configuration database to determine the player's preferred configuration.

[0350] A preparation code may take the form of a bar code, or any other machine-readable code. The player may then print out the bar code from his user terminal 106. When the player subsequently inserts the bar code into a gaming device 120, the gaming device may obtain the player's customized configuration.

[0351] In some embodiments, a player may specify his own code to be associated with a particular configuration. For example, a player may label a configuration using easy to remember terms such as "samurai," or "Big Jackpot," or "xyz." In some embodiments, a preparation code may only describe particular features that a player has selected. Other features may then take on default values. For example, if a player has only selected the number of reels, a code might read "NR5," where "NR" stands for "number of reels," and "5" indicates the desired number. Since the code does not describe other features, these may take on default values.

C. Transmit The Configuration Data And Preparation Code To A Casino Server

[0352] Once a preparation code has been associated with a particular configuration, the code and the configuration data may be transmitted to a casino server 112, and/or a gaming device 120. Transmission may occur via the Internet, email, phone, fax, or any other mode of communication. In some embodiments, the code and preparation data are transmitted immediately after they have been generated. In other embodiments, a gaming device 120 may only receive configuration data after a player has entered a code, and the gaming device 120 has sent the code to the casino server 112 and/or the central controller 102.

[0353] In embodiments where a preparation code contains information about a gaming device configuration, the central controller 102 need not necessarily transmit both configuration data and the preparation code, since a gaming device 120 or casino server 112 may be able to derive one from the other according to predefined rules.

D. Receive the Preparation Code at the Casino Server From a Gaming Device

[0354] Next, the system waits for a configuration request from a player. When a player sits down at a gaming device 120, he may enter his preparation code in order to have the gaming device assume the player's preferred features. The player may enter the code in a number of ways including: keying in the code via a keypad or touch screen, speaking the code into a microphone, whereby it is interpreted using voice recognition software, inserting a bar code into the gaming device 120, inserting into the gaming device 120 a magnetic strip containing the code, inserting into the gaming device 120 a floppy disc, CD, DVD or other storage medium containing the code, and/or wirelessly transmitting the code to the gaming device 120 using player device 512 such as a cell phone, PDA, two-way pager, or other communications device.

[0355] If the gaming device 120 cannot interpret the code, the gaming device 120 may transmit the code to the casino server 112 and/or to the central controller 102. The casino server 112 or central controller 103 may then look up the code in a preparation code database 1200 such as that depicted in FIG. 12, and may retrieve the corresponding configuration information.

E. Configure the Gaming Device Based on the Configuration Data Corresponding to the Preparation Code

[0356] The configuration data retrieved from the casino server 112 and/or the central controller 102, is transmitted to the gaming device so that it can configure itself accordingly. In some embodiments described above, the gaming device 120 already has all the information it needs to self-configure upon initially receiving the preparation code from the player. Thus, in some embodiments, these final steps are not necessary to complete the methods described herein. [0357] Yet additional embodiments generally relevant to addressing problems associated with compulsive gambling follow:

[0358] Operating a game machine may be a form of prescribed therapy for a problem gambler. For example, a third party such as a gambling counselor for a player may determine a script of outcomes that is particularly tempting for a player (e.g., a series of near-wins) and may register the script in association with a particular player. This script may then be made retrievable by or downloaded to gaming machines so that it may be used to govern the operation of a game machine in training mode. As the player operates the game machine in training mode, the script of outcomes may tempt the player to make poor decisions (e.g., bet irrationally large amounts of money on losing outcomes). By recognizing the circumstances in which he makes poor decisions, a player may be able to avoid gambling problems in the future. Providing this sort of therapy to a player in a real casino may prove especially effective because it accurately simulates the environment and temptations that a player experiences when gaming. A player who signs up for this sort of gaming therapy may be aware that a therapy script is running on the game machine, or the player may be unaware which outcomes on the game machine are part of a script (e.g., a "test" from his gambling counselor to verify that he is indeed making good decisions) and which are real outcomes. [0359] A player may be encouraged to talk to a game machine while gaming and verbally provide explanations of his gaming behavior. For example, a player might say, "I'm going to deposit another $20 because I think that this game machine is due to pay out." Forcing a player to verbalize his gaming decisions may help to make a player more conscious of the decisions that he is making and thereby avoid addictive behavior. In addition, a player's verbalizations may be recorded by the game machine for later transmission to and review by a third party, such as gaming counselor, casino operators, regulators, etc.. It is anticipated that recordings of this sort from the casino floor may provide better insights into the psyche of a problem gambler than interviews with players in focus groups or in a therapist's office. In one embodiment, a recording of a player talking about gaming may be played back to the player himself as a reminder (e.g., "This is what you said 1 hour ago...", or "This is what you look like right now.").

[0360] In order to continue gaming, a player may be required to perform therapeutic activities on the casino floor. For example, a player may be required to participate in phone calls to third parties such as counselors, friends or loved ones, watch self-help videos, or stop gaming briefly for meals or bathroom breaks. A player who neglects or refuses to perform these therapeutic activities may be barred from further gaming.

IX. Rules of Interpretation

[0361] Numerous embodiments are described in this patent application, and are presented for illustrative purposes only. The described embodiments are not, and are not intended to be, limiting in any sense. The presently disclosed invention(s) are widely applicable to numerous embodiments, as is readily apparent from the disclosure. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the disclosed invention(s) may be practiced with various modifications and alterations, such as structural, logical, software, and electrical modifications. Although particular features of the disclosed invention(s) may be described with reference to one or more particular embodiments and/or drawings, it should be understood that such features are not limited to usage in the one or more particular embodiments or drawings with reference to which they are described, unless expressly specified otherwise. [0362] The present disclosure is neither a literal description of all embodiments nor a listing of features of the invention that must be present in all embodiments.

[0363] Neither the Title (set forth at the beginning of the first page of this patent application) nor the Abstract (set forth at the end of this patent application) is to be taken as limiting in any way as the scope of the disclosed invention(s).

[0364] The term "product" means any machine, manufacture and/or composition of matter as contemplated by 35 U.S.C. §101 , unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0365] The terms "an embodiment", "embodiment", "embodiments", "the embodiment", "the embodiments", "one or more embodiments", "some embodiments", "one embodiment" and the like mean "one or more (but not all) disclosed embodiments", unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0366] A reference to "another embodiment" in describing an embodiment does not imply that the referenced embodiment is mutually exclusive with another embodiment (e.g., an embodiment described before the referenced embodiment), unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0367] The terms "including", "comprising" and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0368] The terms "a", "an" and "the" mean "one or more", unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0369] The term "plurality" means "two or more", unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0370] The term "herein" means "in the present application, including anything which may be incorporated by reference", unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0371] The phrase "at least one of, when such phrase modifies a plurality of things (such as an enumerated list of things) means any combination of one or more of those things, unless expressly specified otherwise. For example, the phrase at least one of a widget, a car and a wheel means either (i) a widget, (ii) a car, (iii) a wheel, (iv) a widget and a car, (v) a widget and a wheel, (vi) a car and a wheel, or (vii) a widget, a car and a wheel.

[0372] The phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on", unless expressly specified otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" describes both "based only on" and "based at least on".

[0373] The term "whereby" is used herein only to precede a clause or other set of words that express only the intended result, objective or consequence of something that is previously and explicitly recited. Thus, when the term "whereby" is used in a claim, the clause or other words that the term "whereby" modifies do not establish specific further limitations of the claim or otherwise restricts the meaning or scope of the claim.

[0374] Where a limitation of a first claim would cover one of a feature as well as more than one of a feature (e.g., a limitation such as "at least one widget" covers one widget as well as more than one widget), and where in a second claim that depends on the first claim, the second claim uses a definite article "the" to refer to the limitation (e.g., "the widget"), this does not imply that the first claim covers only one of the feature, and this does not imply that the second claim covers only one of the feature (e.g., "the widget" can cover both one widget and more than one widget). [0375] Each process (whether called a method, algorithm or otherwise) inherently includes one or more steps, and therefore all references to a "step" or "steps" of a process have an inherent antecedent basis in the mere recitation of the term 'process' or a like term. Accordingly, any reference in a claim to a 'step' or 'steps' of a process has sufficient antecedent basis. [0376] When an ordinal number (such as "first", "second", "third" and so on) is used as an adjective before a term, that ordinal number is used (unless expressly specified otherwise) merely to indicate a particular feature, such as to distinguish that particular feature from another feature that is described by the same term or by a similar term. For example, a "first widget" may be so named merely to distinguish it from, e.g., a "second widget". Thus, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers "first" and "second" before the term "widget" does not indicate any other relationship between the two widgets, and likewise does not indicate any other characteristics of either or both widgets. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers "first" and "second" before the term "widget" (1) does not indicate that either widget comes before or after any other in order or location; (2) does not indicate that either widget occurs or acts before or after any other in time; and (3) does not indicate that either widget ranks above or below any other, as in importance or quality. In addition, the mere usage of ordinal numbers does not define a numerical limit to the features identified with the ordinal numbers. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers "first" and "second" before the term "widget" does not indicate that there must be no more than two widgets. [0377] When a single device or article is described herein, more than one device or article (whether or not they cooperate) may alternatively be used in place of the single device or article that is described. Accordingly, the functionality that is described as being possessed by a device may alternatively be possessed by more than one device or article (whether or not they cooperate). [0378] Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they cooperate), a single device or article may alternatively be used in place of the more than one device or article that is described. For example, a plurality of computer-based devices may be substituted with a single computer-based device. Accordingly, the various functionality that is described as being possessed by more than one device or article may alternatively be possessed by a single device or article.

[0379] The functionality and/or the features of a single device that is described may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices that are described but are not explicitly described as having such functionality and/or features. Thus, other embodiments need not include the described device itself, but rather can include the one or more other devices which would, in those other embodiments, have such functionality/features.

[0380] Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. On the contrary, such devices need only transmit to each other as necessary or desirable, and may actually refrain from exchanging data most of the time. For example, a machine in communication with another machine via the Internet may not transmit data to the other machine for weeks at a time. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries.

[0381] A description of an embodiment with several components or features does not imply that all or even any of such components and/or features are required. On the contrary, a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the present invention(s). Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no component and/or feature is essential or required.

[0382] Further, although process steps, algorithms or the like may be described in a sequential order, such processes may be configured to work in different orders. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be explicitly described does not necessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of processes described herein may be performed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously despite being described or implied as occurring non-simultaneously (e.g., because one step is described after the other step). Moreover, the illustration of a process by its depiction in a drawing does not imply that the illustrated process is exclusive of other variations and modifications thereto, does not imply that the illustrated process or any of its steps are necessary to the invention, and does not imply that the illustrated process is preferred.

[0383] Although a process may be described as including a plurality of steps, that does not indicate that all or even any of the steps are essential or required. Various other embodiments within the scope of the described invention(s) include other processes that omit some or all of the described steps. Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no step is essential or required.

[0384] Although a product may be described as including a plurality of components, aspects, qualities, characteristics and/or features, that does not indicate that all of the plurality are essential or required. Various other embodiments within the scope of the described invention(s) include other products that omit some or all of the described plurality.

[0385] An enumerated list of items (which may or may not be numbered) does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. Likewise, an enumerated list of items (which may or may not be numbered) does not imply that any or all of the items are comprehensive of any category, unless expressly specified otherwise. For example, the enumerated list "a computer, a laptop, a PDA" does not imply that any or all of the three items of that list are mutually exclusive and does not imply that any or all of the three items of that list are comprehensive of any category.

[0386] Headings of sections provided in this patent application and the title of this patent application are for convenience only, and are not to be taken as limiting the disclosure in any way. [0387] "Determining" something can be performed in a variety of manners and therefore the term "determining" (and like terms) includes calculating, computing, deriving, looking up (e.g., in a table, database or data structure), ascertaining and the like.

[0388] It will be readily apparent that the various methods and algorithms described herein may be implemented by, e.g., appropriately programmed general purpose computers and computing devices. Typically a processor (e.g., one or more microprocessors) will receive instructions from a memory or like device, and execute those instructions, thereby performing one or more processes defined by those instructions. Further, programs that implement such methods and algorithms may be stored and transmitted using a variety of media (e.g., computer readable media) in a number of manners. In some embodiments, hard-wired circuitry or custom hardware may be used in place of, or in combination with, software instructions for implementation of the processes of various embodiments. Thus, embodiments are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software

[0389] A "processor" means any one or more microprocessors, CPU devices, computing devices, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, or like devices.

[0390] The term "computer-readable medium" refers to any medium that participates in providing data (e.g., instructions) that may be read by a computer, a processor or a like device. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks and other persistent memory. Volatile media include DRAM, which typically constitutes the main memory. Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise a system bus coupled to the processor. Transmission media may include or convey acoustic waves, light waves and electromagnetic emissions, such as those generated during RF and IR data communications. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EEPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read. [0391] Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying sequences of instructions to a processor. For example, sequences of instruction (i) may be delivered from RAM to a processor, (ii) may be carried over a wireless transmission medium, and/or (iii) may be formatted according to numerous formats, standards or protocols, such as Bluetooth™, TDMA, CDMA, 3G. [0392] Where databases are described, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that (i) alternative database structures to those described may be readily employed, and (ii) other memory structures besides databases may be readily employed. Any illustrations or descriptions of any sample databases presented herein are illustrative arrangements for stored representations of information. Any number of other arrangements may be employed besides those suggested by, e.g., tables illustrated in drawings or elsewhere. Similarly, any illustrated entries of the databases represent exemplary information only; one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the number and content of the entries can be different from those described herein. Further, despite any depiction of the databases as tables, other formats (including relational databases, object-based models and/or distributed databases) could be used to store and manipulate the data types described herein. Likewise, object methods or behaviors of a database can be used to implement various processes, such as the described herein. In addition, the databases may, in a known manner, be stored locally or remotely from a device that accesses data in such a database. [0393] Some embodiments can be configured to work in a network environment including a computer that is in communication, via a communications network, with one or more devices. The computer may communicate with the devices directly or indirectly, via a wired or wireless medium such as the Internet, LAN, WAN or Ethernet, Token Ring, or via any appropriate communications means or combination of communications means. Each of the devices may comprise computers, such as those based on the Intel® Pentium® or Centrino™ processor, that are adapted to communicate with the computer. Any number and type of machines may be in communication with the computer.

[0394] The present disclosure provides, to one of ordinary skill in the art, an enabling description of several embodiments and/or inventions. Some of these embodiments and/or inventions may not be claimed in the present application, but may nevertheless be claimed in one or more continuing applications that claim the benefit of priority of the present application. Applicants intend to file additional applications to pursue patents for subject matter that has been disclosed and enabled but not claimed in the present disclosure.