Wound dressings with anti-microbial and zinc-containing agents

BACKGROUND

0001In the discussion of the state of the art that follows, reference is made to certain structures and/or methods. However, the following references should not be construed as an admission that these structures and/or methods constitute prior art. Applicant expressly reserves the right to demonstrate that such structures and/or methods do not qualify as prior art.

0002A variety of wound dressings have been suggested. However, such wound dressings possess various deficiencies and shortcomings.

0003For example, a number of wound dressings have been proposed which include various anti-microbial agents. Logically, an increase in the amount of anti-microbial agent contained in the wound dressing would suggest an increase effectiveness in combating and/or preventing infection. However, certain popular anti-microbial agents, such as chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG) can have an irritating effect on the skin, especially when higher levels or concentrations of CHG are applied.

0004Patent Application <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US2004082925A1"><text>US 2004/082925 A1</text></patcit> discloses a wound dressing comprising a first, inner, hydrophilic, layer and a second and third, outer, hydrophobic, layers. Wherein the inner layer contains polyhexamethylene bisguanide. No agent to prevent skin irritation is mentioned.

0005Thus, a need exists in the art for wound dressings which have a relatively greater effectiveness in combating and/or preventing infection, but which do not possess disadvantages, such as increased skin irritation.

SUMMARY

0006According to one optional aspect of the present invention, improved control of bioburden is provided, without resorting to increased concentrations of anti-microbial agents, such as PHMB. According to a further optional aspect of the present invention, the wound dressing is provided which reduces the risk of infection, or facilitates the control of an existing infection, without change to the existing wound care protocol. According to yet a further optional aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wound dressing which will effectively increase the spectrum of activity of the anti-microbial agent contained therein. According to another optional aspect of the present invention, a wound dressing is provided which provides targeted and/or controlled delivery of an anti-microbial agent and/or additional additives contained in the wound dressing to the wound site.

0007According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wound dressing comprising: a first inner layer; and second and third outer layers, wherein each of the first, second and third layers contain an anti-microbial agent and a zinc-containing agent.

0008As used herein "containing" or "contains" is broadly construed to mean that the one or more layers themselves and/or the material(s) making up the layers are impregnated with, and/or have a surface applied coatings/treatments of another material(s)/agent(s). The impregnation and/or surface coatings/treatments may be applied to all or a portion of the layers or the material(s) forming the layers. Finally, the term encompasses all methods or techniques of impregnation and/or surface coatings/treatments, regardless of the state of the material(s)/agent(s) being applied thereto (e.g., solid, liquid, gas, plasma, etc.). The added material(s)/agent(s) can be applied during manufacture, or subsequent thereto (e.g., by the user/consumer prior to application of the one or more layers to the wound site).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0009<figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> is a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an anti-microbial wound dressing of the present invention.

0010<figref idref="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> is a schematic cross-sectional illustration, taken along lines 2-2 of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> of alternative embodiments of an anti-microbial wound dressing of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

0011<figref idref="f0001">Figures 1-2</figref> may be referred to in order to facilitate the following discussion. In broader aspects, the present invention provides a wound dressing (10) comprising three or more layers containing each a first anti-microbial agent and at least one zinc-containing agent.

0012A wound dressing formed according to the principles of the present invention can be generally formed from three or more discrete layers (e.g., 20, 30, 40). Each of the one or more layers can be formed from any suitable material and/or construction. For example, the one or more layers can be formed from a fibrous, film-like, foam and/or gel material. With respect to fibrous materials, they can be woven or nonwoven materials. The fibers can be selected from natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and combinations of the two. By way of non-limiting example, suitable materials which can be utilized to form the one or more layers of the present invention include: cellulose, alginates (e.g., calcium alginate), cotton, Rayon, Nylon, acrylic, polyester, polyurethane, polyurethane foam, a hydrogel and combinations thereof.

0013A wound dressing of the present invention includes one or more anti-microbial agents. A number of alternative anti-microbial agents are possible. Suitable anti-microbial agents include, but are not limited to, a chlorhexidine, a chlorhexadine salt, a triclosan, a Polymyxin, a tetracycline, an amino glycoside (e.g., gentamicin or Tobramycin™), a rifampicin, a bacitracin, an erythromycin, a neomycin, a chloramphenicol, a miconazole, a quinolone, a penicillin, a nonoxynol 9, a fusidic acid, a cephalosporin, a mupirocin, a metronidazole, a secropin, a protegrin, a bacteriolcin, a defensin, a nitrofurazone, a mafenide, aracyclovir, a vanocmycin, a clindamycin, a lincomycin, a sulfonamide, a norfloxacin, a pefloxacin, a nalidizic acid, an oxalic acid, an enoxacin acid, a ciprofloxacin, a biguanide, combinations thereof and the like. In certain embodiments the anti-microbial agent comprises polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and/or derivatives thereof.

0014A wound dressing of the present invention further includes a zinc containing agent. Any suitable zinc-containing agent may be utilized. By way of non-limiting example, zinc-containing agents such as a zinc aliginate or a zinc aspartate, combinations thereof and the like, are contemplated. Zinc-containing agents can improve the rate of wound heating, thereby rendering the wound dressing more effective in combating and/or preventing infection, without the necessity of increasing the levels of anti-microbial agent contained therein. Combination with an aliginate provides moisture-absorption capabilities, and alginates help promote a moist wound healing environment. This aspect of the present invention advantageously avoids problems caused by the irritating effects of certain anti-microbial agents, such as CHG, especially when applied to the skin in higher concentration levels.

0015As an additional component, a wound dressing formed according to the principles of the present invention may include one or more additional anti-microbial agents. By way of non-limiting example, suitable additional anti-microbial agents include, but are not limited to: polyethylene hexamethylene biguanide (PEHMB), ionic metals, silver, zinc, copper and combinations thereof.

0016Exemplary wound dressings can, of course, include additional active ingredients or agents such as, for example, a therapeutic agent, an organoleptic agent, a growth factor, an analgesic, a tissue scaffolding agent, a haemostatic agent, a protein inhibitor, collagen, enzymes, an anti-thrombogenic agent, an anesthetic, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anticancer agent, a vasodilation substance, nitric oxide, petroleum jelly, vitamins, taurine, capsaicin, menthol, a wound healing agent, an angiogenic agent, an angiostatic agent, an immune boosting agent, a skin sealing agent, an agent to induce directional bacterial growth, an agent to impart bacteriacidal or bacteriostatic activity, an electron transfer agent to destabilize or destroy the metabolic action of microbes and/or biofilm formation, combinations thereof and the like. Release of active agents may be triggered by a variety of means, such as, for example, electric field or signal, temperature, time, pressure, moisture and light including, for example, ultra-violet light, ultrasound energy, sonication, combinations thereof and the like.

0017According to the present invention, any of the above-mentioned anti-microbial, zinc-containing, or additional active agents may be combined directly with the material forming the layers of the wound dressing. Alternatively, any of the above-mentioned agents may be contained, and subsequently released, by a delivery agent. Any suitable delivery agent can be utilized. By way of non-limiting example, suitable delivery agents include: a hydrogel, powdered starch, dissolvable phosphate glass or a starch film.

0018The anti-microbial, zinc-containing agent, and/or or other agent mentioned above can optionally be printed or otherwise applied to one or more layers of a wound dressing to provide a desired concentration or concentration gradient of one or more of these agents on and/or within the dressing. For example, one or more of the agents can be applied separately, or in combination, in a specific pattern corresponding to the wound area, for the purpose of optimizing the anti-mircobial and wound healing effects. Alternatively, the anti-microbial and/or zinc-containing agent can be uniformly and homogenously combined with the material forming one or more layers of the wound dressing.

0019Wound dressings formed according to the present invention can be provided in numerous configurations, having a number of different combinations of features. In the discussion that follows, any of the above-mentioned agents or additives can be included in the illustrative configurations discussed below, unless otherwise indicated.

0020According to one optional modification, all layers of the wound dressing may contain a combination of anti-microbial agent and zinc-containing agent. For example, a wound dressing can be formed with at least three distinct layers; a first inner layer (e.g., 30), and adjacent outer layers (e.g., 20, 40). According to one specific non-limiting example, the individual layers can be formed from cotton, foam and a film, and can be provided in any order of arrangement. The inner layer may be substantially hydrophilic, while one or more of the outer layers may be substantially hydrophobic. Optionally, one or more outer layers are provided with a hydrophilic finish. Although an anti-microbial agent, and possibly also a zinc-containing agent, may be released from the inner layer material of the fabric, the anti-microbial treatment of the fabric principally allows the dressing to function as a barrier to contamination of the wound from sources outside the wound. In addition, due to the absorbent characteristics of the dressing, microbes absorbed within the inner layer are prevented from escaping through the dressing. The term "substantially hydrophilic" describes the function of the inner layer material. It also distinguishes the inner layer material over the function of the "substantially hydrophobic" outer layer material, which provides an anti-microbial barrier property and attenuates or reduces the release of anti-microbial agent away from the dressing. The improved retention of anti-microbial agent within the inner layer also lowers the bioburden, i.e., the growth and number of cells, within the dressing during use. As an optional modification of the above, the zinc-containing agent can be provided in the inner layer, and the anti-microbial agent provided in one or more of the adjacent outer layers.

0021When the wound dressings of the present invention are formed from fibrous materials, the wound dressing can be provided with a combination of anti-microbial agents and zinc-containing agents by treating different fibers with different agents, then combining the fibers in a desired manner to provide the wound dressing with a particular anti-microbial effect or behavior. Thus, for example, the wound dressing may comprise one or more layers formed as a homogenous blend of the above described treated fibers. Alternatively, the wound dressing can be formed from one or more layers composed of fibers which vary in density and anti-microbial treatment levels. By way of nonlimiting example, suitable fibers such as cellulose, Rayon, etc. can be treated and bound to PHMB in various concentrations. Other fibers, such as nylon or polyester, can be compounded with a zinc-containing agent in the base resin, and spun into fiber form. As an alternative, the fiber can be constructed from two basic components. Specifically, the fiber can comprise an inner core and an outer sheath which contains a relatively higher amount of anti-microbial and/or zinc-containing agent. It is contemplated that other combinations of anti-microbial agents are possible. By way of non-limiting example, other metal-based anti-microbial agents, such as those based on silver or copper, could be utilized in combination with the zinc-containing agent.

0022All numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, constituents, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth, the broad scope of the subject matter presented herein are approximations, the numerical values set forth are indicated as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, may inherently contains certain errors as evident from the standard deviation found in their respective measurement techniques.

0023In one embodiment, the wound dressing further include those wherein the second and third outer layers comprise a hydrophilic finish.

0024In another embodiment, the wound dressings further include those wherein one or more layers are formed from a combination of fibers, the combination of fibers comprising at leas a first fiber and a second fiber, wherein the first fiber is treated with at least the first antimicrobial agent, and the second fiber is treated with at least a second agent.

0025In another embodiment, the wound dressings further include those wherein one or more layers are formed from a homogenous blend of fibers, the combination of fibers comprising at least a first fiber and a second fiber, wherein the first fiber is treated with at least a first antimicrobial agent, and the second fiber is treated with at least a second agent.

0026In another embodiment, the wound dressings further include those wherein one or more layers are formed from a combination of fibers, the combination of fibers comprising at least a first fiber and a second fiber, wherein the first fiber is treated with at least the first antimicrobial agent, and the second fiber is treated with at least a second agent, and wherein the amount of first fiber present in the wound dressing is different than the amount of second fiber present in the wound dressing.

0027In another embodiment, the wound dressings further include those wherein a delivery agent for containing and releasing at least one of the agents is used.

0028In another embodiment, the wound dressings further include those wherein the delivery agent comprises one or more of: a hydrogel, powdered starch, a dissolvable phosphate glass or a starch film.

0029In another embodiment, the wound dressings include those further comprising an adhesive.

0030In another embodiment, the wound dressings include those further comprising at least one antimicrobial agent and the zinc-containing agent disposed in a pattern on at least one of the layers.