Fixing device for flat components attachable to a framework, in particular for solar modules

The invention relates to a fastening device for to be arranged on a frame structure scale frameless members having upper and lower component edges and side edges, in particular solar modules comprising a first and a second support rail, profile elements with the side edge projecting holding web and at least one support member, wherein the support rails of spaced one another, horizontal and parallel to the frame structure are so disposed, that it a frameless component in the region of its opposite upper and lower component edges can be fixed, and wherein the individual profile members with an edge of the page projecting holding web on the underside of each frameless component in the region of the side edges are to be arranged and serve to connect with the supporting rails, and wherein the holding element - for connecting one of the profile elements with at least one first support rail - with a first fixing portion for fixing at a first fixing region of the support profile rail and a second mounting section with two projecting to both sides of holding portions is provided, wherein the holding portions in the assembly position, the opposite retaining webs of two adjacent components to be determined spread.

Large components such as solar panels or solar panels, etc. are usually outdoors, either free standing or mounted on rooftops, on a frame structure. The frame structure is usually anchored in the ground or on the roof itself and consists for example of corresponding side guides, formed of suitable profile rails on which a suitable fastening device, the components are fixed. Such attachment means typically comprises two parallel and spaced apart on the frame structure to be arranged profile rails, which extend between the frame structure sections. On these rails, the components are fixed edge or with fasteners. For this purpose, usually threaded fasteners are used, so suitable brackets that bolted to the respective profile rail and are often fixed in a suitable manner by means of screw. Ie., Each component is individually attached or screwed, which is very expensive during the assembly, as, for example, if a component has to be replaced because of a defect in the context of dismantling.

A contrast much simpler mounting option is in the post-published German Patent Application<patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="DE102006053831"><text> 10 2006 053 831</text></patcit> described. There a simply constructed retaining plate is used, which is inserted and rotated in an undercut groove of a profiled rail, and having a holding portion, with which a component is laterally attacked his frame. The mounting plates are simply inserted and screwed in, which allows a very simple mounting and thus build up the entire assembly, on the other hand, an exchange is very easy. A prerequisite for this type of fastening that each member has a frame that is overlapped by the holding part. For example, in the case of a solar module, it would not be possible aufzulagern the retainer directly on the upper glass plate, as this may damage it otherwise. The presence of the frame and the fact that the retaining plate is disposed in the assembly position between the frames, so that they are spaced apart in the assembly position by several millimeters to centimeters, is disadvantageous in so far as in this way the maximum possible, given on the base surface deployable active area of ​​solar modules is reduced. For instance, concerning the area of ​​a house roof leads this inevitably given distance between the individual modules, both in vertical and in horizontal direction, to the fact that with far less under module surface can be laid, were present as the base.

Out <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="DE102004044103A1"><text>DE 10 2004 044 103 A1</text></patcit> is a means for mounting of solar modules on mounting profiles, which are particularly set on a roof or on a wall of a building, known. On the mounting profiles the prefabricated solar modular units are attached. The solar module units each consist of two long, horizontally arranged support profiles, on which the solar modules are arranged directly. The solar modules are pre-assembled to the support profiles so that preassembled solar modular units comprising create a plurality of individual solar modules each, with the individual solar modular units are then placed as prefabricated components by means of a crane or the like to, for example, roof-mounted mounting profiles. The carrier profiles are fastened there by means screw, wherein a respective screw includes a clamping member. The clamping member has on the one hand a cooperating with a clamping screw clamping arm for clamping a mounting flange of a carrier profile, on the other hand a Einsteckarm for inserting a mounting flange of a further carrier profile and is arranged between the clamping arm and the Einsteckarm supporting web for supporting the clamping element relative to the fastening profile.

The invention is thus based on the problem to provide a fastening device that is a very close adjacent locating surface components, in particular solar modules possible.

To solve this problem is provided according to the invention in a fastening device of the aforementioned type, that on the first fastening region is a stop for the or arranged in the region of the lower component edge the profiled elements is provided, and that the holding element is made in one piece.

In the fastening device according to the invention on the one hand only come frameless components, so for example, solar panels are used. When the fastening device according to the invention arranged on the components only on the underside of profile elements, in contrast, provided that minimal, preferably about 1-2 mm, protrude beyond the side edges of the components, thus avoiding that, for example in the case of solar modules whose glass panes together. can lie. The profile elements have a side edge directed towards the retaining web, which cooperates with a retaining element, which is in turn releasably fixed to a support profile rail. The holding web could also stand for. Example also on the edge of the profile element vertically, so that its upper free edge interacts with the retaining element.

The holding element itself has a first fixing portion for fixing on the supporting rail and a second attachment portion with which it is cooperating with the respective retaining rib of two adjacent components. D. h., The fixing of the components on the support rails and thus the frame structure takes place exclusively in the area underneath the components, after the clamping of the holding portions attack takes place via the retaining webs of the profile elements in the area below the components. This can therefore be positioned in maximum proximity to each other, ie, they can rest directly against each other, thus each including touching. This allows consequently to be able to leverage the existing base maximum after there are no compelling spacing of components on the basis of existing comprehensive framework or between the components to be set retaining elements with the use of the fastening device according to the invention. The arrangement of the profile elements at the component base also reduces the active area of ​​the component designed as a solar module does not, unlike comprehensive component frame in which the frame overlap the component top edge and thus reduce the active area.

It is always possible, a component of the first and second support rail of such holding elements to fasten. According to the invention particularly advantageous, it is, however, to fasten the components only to the first support rail of such holding elements and for fixing to the second support rail provide a different holding capability, which is also the presence of the located below a component holding web and profile element for a connector plug-holder in connection with a uses appropriate terminal receiving at the second support rail, whereupon subsequently be discussed.

The component-under-side profile elements are expediently vertically and horizontally extending rails, which are joined together either cut mitred in the region of corners means preferably inboard corner connectors, or profile connectors via appropriate them at the corners connecting, which then form the profile elements after the sectional support rail fastened on the of the corners is effected, are connected to each other. The rails have a stabilizing function in any case, after the invention, the components are frameless. Using too great a deflection of the components is prevented in the assembly position, either in the vertical or in the horizontal direction.

The holding element itself is substantially T-shaped and has a longitudinal leg and a forming arranged thereon, the two holding sections transverse leg, that is, the transverse leg engages on both sides via the corresponding retaining webs of the adjacent profile elements. The holding member according to the invention in one piece. The respective support profile rail on which the stop element which is strong in the region of the longitudinal and transverse leg some mm, preferably 1-5 mm, in particular 2 mm, is attached, has, as attachment area preferably an undercut groove, while the first fastening portion at the is holding element formed as a hook portion, through which the retaining element in the undercut grooves in the assembly position can be hooked. Preferably, the groove is formed as a double undercut T-groove and the hook portion of the groove shape according T-shaped. This allows for easy insertion, the hook portion is only use from above into the groove and then rotate to securely fix it. The holding element is longitudinally displaceable in the groove, can therefore readily inserted at the desired position and be pushed into corresponding position and thus attack on the retaining web of a profile element.

During the assembly, a first component is fixed, after which the or the holding elements are positioned at him with assault over the retaining web and then the second component is pushed. To avoid that this two neighboring components with its side edges, essentially formed by the exposed glass plate edge in the case of a solar module, beat the stringing Slide directly to one another - if this is not already optionally laterally by approximately 1 - ensures 2mm protruding profile elements -, is expediently provided on a holding element at least one in the assembly position the adjacent tread elements overlapping stop, rest on the two components on their respective profile elements and are spaced about it and thus defines the components. The stop is designed and positioned so that the profile elements run against it, while the side edges of the components are positioned in a desired system as close as possible to each other.

Once solar panels are usually arranged obliquely, the invention provides, in the first mounting area of ​​a trunking rail a preferably web-like stop for or arranged in the region of the lower component edge profile elements provide. When disposing of a component of this example, first fixed in the region of its upper edge to the preferred manner hereinafter to be described, after which the device will be lowered with its lower edge until the or rest the profile elements on the DIN rail and travel is limited abut the ridge-shaped stopper, over the another sliding is prevented which takes place in a simple manner, the fixing means of the holding elements.

As described is basically possible to fix the components in the region of both the lower and the upper edge using a support member described above. An expedient configuration of the invention provides, however, this is performed only when the area of ​​the lower edge for fixing to a first support rail and to be secured to the second support rail provide another mounting option at the upper edge of the component. For this purpose, the optionally second support rail on a second mounting area in the form of the component edge open, essentially C-shaped groove into which the holding web of the or the local profile elements overlapped by a leg of the receiving groove engages. There is here a simple plug-in terminal holder by the edge of the profile element is inserted with the projecting holding web in the open receiving groove, so that the holding web is overlapped by the Aufnahmenutschulter and fixed against lifting. Ie., As part of the installation, only the profile element portion with the retaining bar to be inserted into the groove from below, after which the device will be lowered until the or mount the lower profile elements on the lower support rail and run against the local stop web, which immediately can be carried out, the fixation on the holding member.

A particularly advantageous development provides that formed on each rail of the first and second attachment portion, ie, the rails are so far identical design so that a total of only one profile has to be kept in stock, which has the two mounting options invention.

Here after an expedient development of the invention in the mounting position of the first mounting portion is positioned higher than the second attachment region. As described, the fixing on the profile elements is always in the region of the side or vertically projecting holding web. This is based on the underside of a component, as circumferentially, always in the same position. Is now the first fastening region higher than the second fastening area, this inevitably means that in the assembly position the component in relative terms in the bottom area where it is placed on the first fastening region, somewhat higher than the upper edge region, where the second fastening area is fixed. This now offers the advantageous possibility particularly to overlap two superimposed components linked. Because due to the elevational displacement of the two fixing portions of the upper edge region of the lower part can be pushed and positioned below the lower edge region of the upper component. Ie., The bottom portion of the upper part slightly overlaps, so that a quasi-shingled arrangement, viewed in the vertical direction, realizing at the same time possibility of almost immediately adjacent arrangement in the horizontal direction can be over the top portion of the lower member. This therefore now offers the possibility to use such components as a kind of roof tile replacement, hence the roof over these components themselves to cover (in-roof version).

In particular, in such an arrangement, but even if the components are not displaced and overlaps, but arranged precisely parallel, it is expedient to provide at the bottom in the mounting position horizontally extending and formed as a rail profile element in the optionally provided profile connector optionally continuing sealing element on which rests in the mounting position, the edge of which is arranged below this component. Here about a seal in the region of the horizontal gap between two components is advantageously possible.

To basically provide in the longitudinal direction, a sealing possibility to avoid that by the resulting even with each other (almost) touching components in the longitudinal side edges capillary secretes moisture down, is expediently based between two opposing profile elements one to the assembly position in longitudinally extending and extending below the transition gap between two adjacent components, optionally also provided the stiffener serving profile component. This profile component may for example be made of plastic or metal, and extends over the length of an elongated, rectangular component (whose length is, for example, about 1.7 m, while the width of about 1 m). The profile member extends just below the resulting narrow gap and takes about penetrating dripping water and directs it downwards, where it can be derived as a result of either the continuation of the profile component to the next component or the overlapped arrangement.

In each case a laterally open receiving or clamping portion is expediently provided for a clamping section of the sealing element or the side arm of the profile component of each profile element. Here about a simple fixation of the sealing element, for example, a rubber seal member is sufficiently deformable and has, for example, a sealing lip or the like, or the profile component, which can be designed as a metal part or as a sufficiently rigid plastic part, be achieved.

In order to provide a secure base of the profile elements on the support rails, is expediently provided on at least one part of the bearing surfaces of the profile elements, a tooth-like or groove-like surface structure.

Further, a profile element, in particular as far as this is designed as a profile rail, have at least one hollow chamber, in which a stiffening element is arranged. This z. B. from metal, preferably aluminum (like the profile elements themselves) existing stiffening member serves to stiffen the entire component in order to prevent longitudinal or transverse bends.

In addition to the fastening device itself, the invention also relates to a group of components, in particular solar module group is arranged on a frame structure in which a plurality of adjacently disposed, frameless components are assembled using a fastening device of the type described to form a composite. It is in the group of parts according to the invention only necessary to provide at the outer components an anti-theft device, since the internal components on the holding elements and the preferred connector plug fixation on the other component edge are arranged not be removed safely and without releasing the antitheft device.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the described below embodiment and from the drawing. They show:<dl id="dl0001"><dt>Fig. 1</dt><dd>a schematic diagram of a component group of the invention in the form of solar panels mounted on a roof,</dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>a representation of the frame structure with arranged thereon cross rails,</dd><dt>Fig. 3</dt><dd>a sectional view taken along the line III-III in <figref idrefs="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> by a supporting rail,</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>a sectional view of a profiled element for the representation of the basic structure, </dd><dt>Fig. 5</dt><dd>a view of a component in the form of a solar module having arranged therein profile elements in the area of ​​its lower edge in the mounted position on a supporting rail with a holding element,</dd><dt>Fig. 6</dt><dd>a side view, partly in section, the arrangement of <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref>.</dd><dt>Fig. 7</dt><dd>a side view of the component from the <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0004">6</figref> in the region of its upper edge component in the assembled position on the second support rail along with the representation also mounted on this supporting section bar the other component,</dd><dt>Fig. 8</dt><dd>a view of two assembled, juxtaposed components in the region of their abutting longitudinal edges with inserted profile component, and</dd><dt>Fig. 9</dt><dd>a view of the outer member in the region of its outer edge to the representation of the edge mounting.</dd></dl>

<figref idrefs="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows in the form of a schematic diagram of a disposed on a house roof 1 component group 2 comprising exemplary only six components 3, z. B. in the form of solar modules 4 comprising a plurality of power generation solar cell serving. To mount the solar modules 4 a frame structure 5 is provided, comprising two here vertically extending rails 6 which are fixed on the roof side via corresponding roof brackets. 7 About unspecified shown fasteners two cross rails 8 are arranged on the rails 6 of the frame structure. The two cross rails spaced run 8 and parallel to each other and cross the rails 6 horizontally. They are part of a fastening means for the solar panels 4, which will hereinafter be discussed, in turn, are secured via suitable profile elements and the holding elements on the support profile rails eighth At this point it should be noted that, of course, far more than six solar modules can be next to each other and even more rows arranged one above the other, depending on the size of the assignable area.

<figref idrefs="f0001">FIG. 2</figref> shows in an improved view of the frame structure 5 with the rails 6 and the disposed thereon, typically screwed cross rails 8, of which are illustrated in the example shown three. In each case two cross rails 8 are used for fastening a component 3, that in each case of a solar module, so that, based on such a solar module, in each case a support rail constitutes the first support rail and the other supporting profile rail, the second support rail. The cross rails are all running together equal,<figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> shows a sectional view through one such support section 8. In order to attach such a support profile rail 8 seen two vertically adjacent subsequent components 3 or solar modules 4, as starting from the embodiment according to <figref idrefs="f0001">FIG. 2</figref>Wherein the central support rail 8 of the case, on each carrier rail 8 has two fastening regions, a first fastening portion are formed, 9 consisting of a here T-shaped, that on both sides of the undercut groove 10 together with a bearing surface 11 and a this limiting stop 12 and a second fastening region 13 in the form of a laterally open, essentially C-shaped cross-section running in the receiving groove 14, which has a lower support legs 15 and an upper leg 16 and a groove base 17th The two mounting portions 9 and 13 are visible höhenmä-βig offset the mounting portion 9 is higher than the mounting portion 13. In<figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> is further shown the attachment of a support rail 8 on a rail 6 of the base frame. To this end, two lateral T-slots 18 are provided which engage in the respective clamping plates 19, which are in turn secured via fastening screws, not shown, to the respective rail. 6

<figref idrefs="f0002">Fig. 4</figref> shows a partial view of a component 3, here a solar module 4 in the region of its edges, and this can be either a side edge or the upper or lower component edge. At the bottom 20 of the solar cell module 4 a profile element 21 is located, typically glued, to which the profile element 21 has a flat upper support legs 22nd The profile element 21, which is designed as a support profile rail also as a hollow chamber profile made of metal, preferably aluminum, also has a profile portion 23 in the region of its lower end, with a laterally projecting holding web 24, which runs parallel to a bottom web 25 of the profile section 23rd Intended another web is also 26 to form a groove 27, which serves to receive a stiffening and sealing profile component, whereupon subsequently be discussed. In the hollow chamber 54, an over the length of the profile element, which is preferably a rail extending stiffening element (for. Example, metal) may be placed.

The <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0004">6</figref> now show the fastening of a solar module 4 in the region of the lower edge to a supporting rail 8. Below the solar module 4 are in the example shown a first profile element 21 arranged in the form of an over the entire vertical length of the solar cell module 4 extending profile rail 28th A not shown in detail, also designed as a rail profile member is disposed at the horizontally extending side 29th Both rails 28 are a profile connector 30, continues the respective profile rail form, and also a profile element 21 forms, respectively. The profile connector 30 as well as the horizontally extending, not further shown rail each have a profile section 23 which abuts the stop ridge 12 of the first mounting portion. 9 In that case the movement of the installation position slanting solar module is limited downwards.

For fixing a retaining element 31 is used, which, see <figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 6</figref>A bottom T-shaped hook portion 32, on which a longitudinal leg 33 adjoins, on which in turn a cross leg 34 is arranged, which forms two side holding sections 35th Furthermore, two lateral stops 36 are provided.

The holding element 31, which is flat, so formed sheet-like in the region of its longitudinal leg with a thickness of 2-5 mm, is now in a relation to the <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0004">6</figref> inserted by 90 ° rotated position with the hook portion 32 from above into the groove 10 and then through 90 ° in the in the <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref>. <figref idrefs="f0004">6</figref> rotated position shown. Then, the hook portion 31 is pushed against the solar module 4 until the two stops 36 abut the lower leg 25 of the profile section 23 of the profile connector 30, which in this position, a holding section 35 has the holding web 24 overlapped area so that here on in connection with the hook portion 32 a nipping attack is realized that prevents lifting of the solar module.

To mount a next solar module 4 of this in an appropriate manner with its lower edge region and provided there profiled elements 21 (rail 28 and profile connectors 30) is placed on the first mounting portion 9 and out against the stop web 12 and then pushed against the already arranged solar module 4 , Here runs the corresponding profile section 23 of the located on the adjacent solar module side profile connector 30, of a short vertical section 53 has in the embodiment shown in the area of ​​the profile section 23, against the other side of the stops 36 of the already set holding member 31, the local holding web 24 of the profile connector 30 is pushed under the second holding portion 35 of the holding member 31, so that this component is then secured in a fixed position. The design of the retaining element 31, in particular the length of the stops 36 is dimensioned such that the two longitudinally running narrow edge projections 37 of adjacent profile elements 21 to about 1, - projecting and prevent the glass edges of the module glass plates each 2 mm laterally may be present, are only minimally spaced apart, or directly adjacent to one another.

While the <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0004">6</figref> the fixing of the lower component edge show shows <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> the fixation of the upper component edge. Below the solar module 4 is a not further shown here, parallel to the component marginal edge 38 extending profiled element 21 is arranged in the form of a profile rail 28 also in the area of ​​the upper edge, in turn, a profile connector 30, which in turn represents a profile element 21, with the vertically extending profile rail 28 is connected. To mount a solar module 4, the lower edge of the profile connector 30 and the horizontally extending rail 28 will be initially set to the respective profile sections 23 on the supporting leg 15 of the second mounting portion 13 and then pushed slightly upwards until the profile section 23 in the C- shaped groove 14 is received and is overlapped by the legs 16th Then the lower part boundary at first

Mounting portion 9 of the underlying support rail 8 mounted and guided against the stop 12, as with respect to the <figref idrefs="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> and <figref idrefs="f0004">6</figref> described. In any case, however, the profile section of the profile 23 remains connector 30 and the horizontally extending profiled rail 28 in the C-shaped receiving groove 14 so that a security against unintentional lifting is given here. Another fixation at the upper edge of the component is carried out not only against a horizontal displacement as will hereinafter be discussed.

In <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> is also shown as a first solar module 4 interacts positionally with above it disposed second solar module. 4 Most upper solar module 4, see also<figref idrefs="f0004">Fig. 6</figref>, A sealing element 39 is arranged extending over the entire horizontal width. It is arranged on the horizontally extending profile elements, so the profile connector 30 and the horizontally extending, not shown profiled rail 28th Fixing takes place in the groove 27, which serves as the clamping groove. The sealing element 39 has a corresponding slot 40 through which a clamping section 54 is formed, which is inserted into the clamping groove 27th Further, a downwardly sealing lip 41 and a tight-over 42 on the inside is provided.

As <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> shows the solar module 4 is pushed under the sealing element 39, whereby the sealing lip 41 deforms and sealingly rests on the upper surface 43 of the lower solar module 4th Here about a line sealing is achieved in the horizontal direction. The top solar module 4 therefore overlaps on the lower solar module 4, thus resulting in a scaled, shingle-like arrangement. Depending on how far the lower solar module 4 is pushed in the direction of the upper module 4, the tight-over 42 can be compressed on the solar module 4, so that there arises a line seal.

As <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> further shows, running a profile component 44, which will be followed hereinafter be discussed, in the vertical direction below the transition slot between two adjacent solar modules 4 extends, against the tight over 42. This profile component 44 can have a projection 45 (z. B. an inserted pin), of the stop web 12 engages behind, be fixed.

Such an arrangement of the seal serving the profile component 44 between two profile elements 21, here, for example, two rails 28, two adjacent solar modules 4 shows <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 8</figref>, The profile member 44, for example plastic, has a cross-sectional channel shape. It is used for sealing of between the components any remaining gap 48. About two side portions 46 engages it into the grooves 27 of the profile rail 28th Obviously there is the resultant of the trough shape to recess 47 below the optionally given very narrow gap 48 between the immediately adjacent side edges of the two solar panels 4 or the edge projections 37. Above that gap 48 penetrating moisture collects in the recess 47 and runs, after the assembly is inclined downwards, where it can be dissipated. For this purpose, the recess 47 just above the underlying solar module open (in this area would, where appropriate, the sealing element 39 to interrupt). As shown in dashed lines, it is also conceivable to conform to the profile component 44 a seal ridge 49, for example made of a soft plastic material, which is located in the mounting position in the gap 48, this sealing.

As <figref idrefs="f0005">Fig. 8</figref> can be taken further, has a profile element 21, here on the leg 25 is shown, a set of teeth 50, via which an improved circulation is achieved on a support profile rail eighth Also shown are two drip edges 51 of the upper leg 22nd

The fixing practices described admit it, two superposed components or a component group to move once horizontally. To fix the whole set or a horizontal component series here against, the rightmost and leftmost part of a series in the region of its lower component edge and its upper component edge is in each case fixed to the support of the rail 8, see<figref idrefs="f0006">Fig. 9</figref>, For this purpose a pratzenartiges holding member 52 is provided, the vertical web 53 of the profile connector 30, which is provided at its lower end and is the part of the local profile portion 23 engages over and through a suitable mounting bolt together with nut, the retaining member 52 is then anchored in the groove 10 what a security lock may be built.

Instead of an array of profile connectors 30, which themselves form profile elements 21, in the corner of a component, it is also possible to cut the profile rails mitered and connect to an internal simple corner connector by compression. A lower side peripheral frame is then formed from only four rails with the inner corner connectors.