Device for enabling camera viewing of an object

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

0001The present invention is related in general to apparatus for handling items or objects, e.g. for receiving, sorting and storing returnable items or objects, such as empty beverage containers like bottles, cans or the like. The invention is particularly useful in connection with reverse vending machines, although certain aspects of the present invention may also find other fields of use. In particular, the present invention relates to a device for enabling camera viewing of characteristic features of an object in order to subsequently enable processing of signals related to viewed features, as defined in the preamble of attached claim 1.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

0002The present invention came about following the recognition of the need to provide a more cost efficient reverse vending machine, yet simple, reliable and space saving. In particular, it was recognized the need to reduce overall cost of manufacturing such new machines by addressing such important issues to as minimizing the number of expensive components, such as e.g. camera, barcode reader, object sorter, object conveyor, object rotator, and token printer, as well as minimizing required space, especially as regards floor area.

0003However, in such recognition, it was revealed that the invention would become related to a plurality of aspects which all in their own respective manner would contribute to a desirable end result.

0004In a decade or so, environmental and economical concerns have spurred significant developments in the field of facilities for collecting cans, bottles, jars and other containers, preferably for recovering the material for recycling purposes. These days, fully automatic systems are available that are capable of receiving and storing many different types of used containers, or even parts of used containers.

0005Arrangements for handling recyclable items like returnable empty beverage containers are <i>inter alia</i> known from the European publications <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="EP0384885A"><text>EP 0 384 885</text></patcit> (SIG Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft), <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="EP1311448A"><text>EP 1311448</text></patcit>, and the International Patent Application publication <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="WO0212096A"><text>WO02/12096</text></patcit> (<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="EP1313656A"><text>EP 1313656</text></patcit>) (TOMRA SYSTEMS ASA) and <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="EP14677328A"><text>EP 14677328</text></patcit> (TOMRA SYSTEMS ASA).

0006Till now, available fully automated systems, so-called reverse vending machines (RVMs) and back-room systems, that are capable of receiving and storing used containers have been quite complex and expensive. They have, therefore, mostly been found in larger stores, shopping centers or supermarkets, or in special facilities put up for collecting recyclable items or objects.

0007Accordingly, for the customer who has recyclable items or objects in smaller quantities, and who may not have at disposal a proper vehicle to facilitate easy transportation of recyclable material to a larger store, shopping center or supermarket that may be located at a distance from the person's home, it is often easier to throw the recyclable items out with the garbage.

0008The currently available reverse vending machines normally deliver the received objects to a back-room receiving facility or a downstairs facility. The total installation is expensive, requires substantial space, is often complex to install and service, and has operational drawbacks, in particular from a cleaning point of view. Frequent cleaning of soiled operational parts, suitably with water or special cleaning agent, is very important to secure failsafe operation. Returnable beverage containers frequently contain beverage leftovers, which often happen to come into contact with operational parts, thus making such parts sticky and causing operational failure if not properly cleaned. Cleaning is more than often a messy operation, and care has to be made not to harm electrical components.

0009Most RVMs need to have the ability to inspect identifying features on the object, such as e.g. a bar code. If such features are not immediately seen by a dedicated detector, the object will need to be rotated to find if such features are indeed present. An object rotating mechanism is expensive and requires substantial space in the longitudinal or depth direction of the RVM. Further, if such RVMs are also to provide object sorting, an additional sorter has to be provided, adding further to the cost of the installation, and the dimension of the RVM as regards depth dimension is in some cases prohibitive when both a rotator and a sorter are to be included. Also, most owners of stores, shopping centers or supermarkets are concerned over RVMs requiring substantial and expensive space for collecting the containers received by the RVM, such space frequently being occupied by container collection tables.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

0010The present invention therefore has as a principal object to meet a long felt need to provide an improved automated facility for collecting returnable objects or items, such as recyclable items of plastic, metal or glass, and for overcoming the well-known mentioned drawbacks, thus yielding a low cost facility which exhibits optimal use of limited space, in particular floor space, that may be available almost everywhere, enabling their placement even in smaller stores, convenience stores, local gas stations and public areas. Thereby, such facilities may be more conveniently available to customers. These features and other features to appear through reading of the specification are some of the objectives of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

0011A conveyor means is disclosed in the detailed description inter alia for use with a facility for receiving returnable items.

0012Advantageous examples of a rotary drum type of conveyor means are in particular described.

0013However, the present disclosure also describes an alternative to the rotary drum type of conveyor means, the alternative being in the form of a plunger type of conveyor means.

0014In recognition of the necessity to be able to view and recognize characteristic features of an object using a simple, yet efficient and cost-effective device, a first aspect of the present invention is provided. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for enabling camera viewing of characteristic features of an object in order to subsequently enable processing of signals related to viewed features, characterized in <ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash"><li>a single camera having a field of view arranged to carry out viewing of at least a first and a second region of the object when the object is at an observation location,</li><li>a first light source is located to illuminate the first region of the object to assist the camera in viewing contour of the object, and</li><li>an optical beam splitter, wherein the first light source is arranged to illuminate the first region via a light path which includes the optical beam splitter, at least one mirror and a lens,</li><li>a second light source is located to illuminate the second region of the object to assist the camera in viewing any identity feature located on the object,</li></ul> wherein the optical beam splitter is located inclined in the camera field of view and covers only part of said field of view, wherein the camera provides for an image field which is subdivided into at least two partial images, a first partial image being dedicated to detection of object contour, and a second partial image being dedicated to recognition of said identifying features, wherein the first region is viewed by the camera with the line of sight towards the object shifted by 90°± 30° relative to line of sight of the camera towards the second region.

0015According to a second alternative aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for enabling camera viewing of characteristic features of an object in order to subsequently enable processing of signals related to viewed features, characterized in <ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash"><li>a single camera having a field of view arranged to carry out viewing of at least a first and a second region of the object when the object is at an observation location,</li><li>a first light source is located to illuminate the first region of the object to assist the camera in viewing contour of the object, and</li></ul> wherein the first light source is a light emitting, illuminated or backlit panel, arranged behind the object as seen from the camera, <ul id="ul0003" list-style="dash"><li>an optical beam splitter, wherein the single camera is located to view the first region via a light path which includes an optical beam splitter, at least one mirror and a lens,</li><li>a second light source is located to illuminate the second region of the object to assist the camera in viewing any identity feature located on the object,</li></ul> wherein the optical beam splitter is located inclined in the camera field of view and covers only part of said field of view, wherein the camera provides for an image field which is subdivided into at least two partial images, a first partial image being dedicated to detection of object contour, and a second partial image being dedicated to recognition of said identifying features, wherein the first region is viewed by the camera with the line of sight towards the object shifted by 90°± 30° relative to line of sight of the camera towards the second region.

0016Further features of the inventive device appear from the attached sub-claims 3 - 13.

0017According to an embodiment of the device, light from the first light source has a spectral range or composition which is different from light from the second light source.

0018Further, according to the invention, the second light source is composed of a plurality of sub-sources, and different spectral range or spectral composition is assigned to the sub-sources so that all sub-sources are different, or that the sub-sources are different in pairs, or that the sub-sources are different in groups.

0019Still further, the inventive device suitably makes use of an optical beam splitter is located inclined in the camera field of view and covers at least part of said field of view.

0020It is important to note that the recited camera viewing features are closely interrelated, and that preferred embodiments other than those highlighted above appear from the attached claims and the detailed description.

0021From prior art it is conventional to view an object or article, e.g. empty beverage packaging, such as a can or bottle, against a light reflective background, the viewing being made via a lens in order that light rays which are sent towards the object are parallel rays. <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="DE19512133A1"><text>DE 19512133 A1</text></patcit> discloses such technique. On the basis of such viewing, analysis for object contour is made.

0022However, simultaneously with viewing of shape of a bottle or can, as disclosed in said <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="DE19512133A1"><text>DE 195 12 133 A1</text></patcit>, there has also been the need to view and recognize or read other characteristic features, such as a bar code on the can or bottle.

0023In a reverse vending machine (RVM), it is conventional to view and recognize shape of the object at one location in the RVM and to recognize other identifiable characteristic features such as indicia, barcode etc. at another location. If e.g. a barcode is not directly visible to a barcode reader, the object must be rotated until the barcode becomes visible and can be read by the reader.

0024It is a well known fact that in order to be able to detect both contour of the object and read indicia or identifying features located on the object, including object rotation to find and read identifying features, multiple and separate operating units need to be provided, thus requiring extra space within the RVM to carry out the operations. If there is in addition the requirement of a sorting function, additional challenges arise as regards available space. Said EP publications <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="EP1311448A"><text>EP1311448</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="EP1313656A"><text>1313656</text></patcit> disclose, with reference to an RVM for beverage container such as bottles and cans, the provisions of contour detection, barcode reading and beverage container sorting. Contour detection and sorting is made by one operating unit (see <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="EP1313656A"><text>EP 1313656</text></patcit>), and a further operating unit (<patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="EP1311448A"><text>EP1311448</text></patcit>) provides for beverage container rotation to find a barcode and barcode reading.

0025<patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="US5934440A"><text>US 5 934 440</text></patcit> discloses a device with a detection station for reading barcode, rotation of the object such as e.g. a bottle to locate a barcode not immediately visible, as well as a sorting function. However, the possibility of detecting an object contour at such station is not available and needs to be performed by a separate station suitably located upstream, as disclosed in said patent.

0026It has therefore been a long felt need to provide for a technical solution which yields a more compact, yet simple and cost-effective arrangement and with the possibility of both detection of contour and identifying features located on the object, as well as a sorting function and other optional functions.

0027Accordingly, the present invention provides for a device which makes use of camera aid to provide for major detection functions, and with other benefits resulting from the overall structure.

0028In the following, the device for camera aided viewing of characteristic features of an object, as well aspects related to a conveyor means will be explained by way of examples and by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals indicate the same elements, although as regards some elements, different reference numerals have been used for elements having same properties of functioning and for practical reasons.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0029In the drawings: <ul id="ul0004" list-style="none"><li><figref idref="f0001">fig. <b>1a</b></figref> shows in a perspective view, an exemplary mode of a reverse vending machine with object storage chamber; object supporting, rotating, sorting and conveyor means; camera-aided detector device; supplementary item/ object collector means; token dispenser; token reader; safety apparatus; and drive means,</li><li><figref idref="f0002">figs. <b>1b</b> and <b>1c</b></figref> show the object rotating, sorting and conveyor means with its longitudinal axis tilted relative to the horizontal,</li><li><figref idref="f0003">fig. <b>2</b></figref> is a partial sectional view of a drum type conveyor for a storage facility, being positioned in a first rotational position,</li><li><figref idref="f0004">fig. <b>3</b></figref> is a perspective view of the drum type conveyor shown in <figref idref="f0003">fig. 2</figref>,</li><li><figref idref="f0005">fig. <b>4</b></figref> is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of a drum type conveyor for incorporation in a storage facility, the drum being in a second rotational position with a piston like plunger element in a retracted position,</li><li><figref idref="f0006">fig. <b>5</b></figref> is a perspective view of the conveyor of <figref idref="f0005">fig. 4</figref>,</li><li><figref idref="f0007">fig. <b>6</b></figref> is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of a drum type conveyor for incorporation in the storage facility, the drum being rotated in a first direction from the second position to assume a third rotational position in which with the piston-like plunger element is in an advanced position,</li><li><figref idref="f0008">fig. <b>7</b></figref> is a perspective view of the positional state of the drum type conveyor of <figref idref="f0007">fig. 6</figref>,</li><li><figref idref="f0009">fig. <b>8</b></figref> is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of a drum type conveyor for incorporation in a storage facility, with the drum rotated in a direction opposite to that starting at <figref idref="f0005">figs. 4</figref>, <figref idref="f0006">5</figref> and ending at <figref idref="f0007">figs. 6</figref>, <figref idref="f0008">7</figref>, i.e. a rotation in clockwise direction - as viewed on <figref idref="f0009">fig. 8</figref> - from the second position to the first position to assume a further rotational position with the piston-like plunger in an advanced, downwardly facing position,</li><li><figref idref="f0010">fig. <b>9</b></figref> is a perspective view of positional state of the drum type conveyor of <figref idref="f0009">figure 8</figref>, as seen partly from below,</li><li><figref idref="f0011">fig. <b>10</b></figref> is a principle drawing of a first embodiment of a conveyor having a moveable plunger in a stationary housing and useful for a storage facility,</li><li><figref idref="f0012">fig. <b>11</b></figref> is a principle drawing of the conveyor of <figref idref="f0011">fig. 10</figref> in a different operational state,</li><li><figref idref="f0013">fig. <b>12</b></figref> is a principle drawing of a second and modified embodiment of the conveyor of <figref idref="f0011">figs. 10</figref> and <figref idref="f0012">11</figref>,</li><li><figref idref="f0014">fig. <b>13</b></figref> is a schematic side view of the conveyor of <figref idref="f0013">figure 12</figref>,</li><li><figref idref="f0015">fig. <b>14</b></figref> is a principle drawing of the conveyor of <figref idref="f0011 f0012 f0013 f0014">figs. 10 - 13</figref> to illustrate rotation of a returnable item received in the input receiving area of the conveyor,</li><li><figref idref="f0016">fig. <b>15</b></figref> is a principle sketch of a first embodiment of a camera-aided viewing device for viewing an object with regard to contour of the object and identifying features or indicia on the object,</li><li><figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref> is a principle, though slightly more detailed sketch of the first embodiment of the camera-aided viewing device showing in more detail a first object supporting, rotation, sorting and conveying means,</li><li><figref idref="f0018">fig. <b>17</b></figref> is a principle sketch of a second embodiment of the camera-aided viewing device,</li><li><figref idref="f0019">fig. <b>18</b></figref> is a principle sketch of a third embodiment of the camera-aided viewing device,</li><li><figref idref="f0020">fig. <b>19</b></figref> is a principle sketch of an example of a camera-aided viewing device,</li><li><figref idref="f0021">fig. <b>20</b></figref> is a principle sketch of a second object supporting, rotation, sorting and conveying means,</li><li><figref idref="f0022">fig. <b>21</b></figref> is a principle sketch of a fourth embodiment of the camera-aided viewing device,</li><li><figref idref="f0023">fig. <b>22</b></figref> is a principle sketch of an fifth embodiment of the camera-aided viewing device,</li><li><figref idref="f0024">fig. <b>23</b></figref> shows a camera image with two image parts.</li><li><figref idref="f0025">fig. <b>24</b></figref> is a block schematic diagram of electrically or electronically operative elements in a system incorporating the invention,</li><li><figref idref="f0026">fig. <b>25</b></figref> shows in a perspective view a reverse vending machine with object storage chamber; object supporting, rotating, sorting and conveyor means; item collector means; token dispenser; token reader; and drive means,</li></ul>

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION

<u>RVM overview</u>

0030<figref idref="f0001">Fig. <b>1a</b></figref> illustrates in an exemplary embodiment a reverse vending machine (RVM) <b>1</b> exemplifying main aspects of the present invention, i.e. object storage chamber <b>2;</b> object supporting, rotating, sorting and conveyor unit <b>3;</b> camera-aided detector device <b>4;</b> supplementary item/ object collector means <b>5;</b> token dispenser <b>6;</b> token reader <b>7,</b> safety apparatus <b>8,</b> and drive means <b>9; 9'.</b> The unit <b>3</b> (later denoted as <b>200)</b> could have to have its longitudinal axis <b>3'</b> horizontal or forming an angle α with the horizontal, yielding angle <b>β</b> in the range ± 0° - 30°, as indicated on <figref idref="f0002">figs. <b>1b</b> and <b>1c</b></figref><b>.</b> In the more detailed disclosure to follow, the operational means <b>2 - 9</b> just mentioned will for practical reasons be denoted by other reference numerals. Direction is also made to <figref idref="f0026">fig. <b>25</b></figref> showing the figure of <figref idref="f0001">fig. <b>1a</b></figref><b>,</b> however with more reference numerals inserted to identify location of some of the various operational means which are extensively disclosed in the disclosure to follow in connection with <figref idref="f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009 f0010 f0011 f0012 f0013 f0014 f0015 f0016 f0017 f0018 f0019 f0020 f0021 f0022 f0023 f0024 f0025">figs. <b>2 - 24</b></figref>

<u>Rotary Drum Type Conveyor Means</u>

0031Reference is made to <figref idref="f0003">fig. <b>2</b></figref><b>,</b> to explain the drum type conveyor. The drum type conveyor includes a drum shaped element that is rotary about a central, longitudinal axis of rotation <b>221.</b> A substantially rectangular and elongate recess-like space or cavity, being open at the peripheral area of the drum, is provided in the drum, for holding an elongate movable element which can be retracted and advanced, the movable element having an outer surface that in the advanced position preferably becomes substantially aligned with an outer surface of the drum. In the accompanying drawings, the movable element is denoted by the numeral <b>223,</b> and the space or cavity in the drum is denoted by reference numeral <b>222.</b> The rotational capability of the drum <b>220</b> is obtained through use of bearings positioned in a region at each end of the drum, and positioned on the axis of rotation <b>221.</b> A part of the structure, such as a cabinet, can be adapted to hold the bearings in place, thereby allowing the drum to rotate with its outer surface <b>228</b> in proximity to the input receiving area <b>210</b> which is made to coincide with an inlet opening <b>425</b> (see <figref idref="f0026">fig. <b>25</b></figref>) in the cabinet <b>428</b> (see <figref idref="f0026">fig. <b>25</b></figref><b>).</b> As an alternative, as shown in <figref idref="f0004">fig. <b>3</b></figref> and in other drawing figures, the drum <b>220</b> may be positioned in a frame <b>240</b> to form a conveyor assembly for easy conveyor assembly removal for convenient conveyor cleaning, test, maintenance and replacement.

0032To ensure proper alignment and good fixation of the conveyor unit when located in a storage facility, the frame <b>240</b> is suitably adapted to match a receiving frame <b>251</b> (<figref idref="f0012">fig. <b>11</b></figref>) that preferably is part of a cabinet<b>428</b> (<figref idref="f0026">fig. <b>25</b></figref>), and which facilitates any of the possible layouts of a storage facility, as exemplified by several of the previous figures.

0033Preferably, as shown in <figref idref="f0004">figs. <b>3</b></figref><b>,</b><figref idref="f0008"><b>7</b></figref> or <figref idref="f0010"><b>9</b></figref><b>,</b> the moveable element <b>223</b> is driven by way of a moveable element drive means comprising a tappet or a roller <b>232,</b> being attached to the moveable element <b>223,</b> that follows a track <b>231</b> located proximal to an end of the drum and being stationary in respect of the drum. By providing a tappet or roller <b>232</b> on each side of the moveable element, made to engage with respective stationary tracks <b>231</b> located proximal to respective ends of the drum, a balanced driving force can be applied to the moveable element by the rotation of the drum. Thus, only the drum will require a drive for the assembly to operate as described here, as the moveable element will be driven by the movement of the drum relative to the stationary track. The shape of the track, i.e. the distance of the track from the axis of rotation of the drum, controls the position of the tappet or roller <b>232,</b> and, hence, the position of the moveable element, in a radial direction with respect to the drum center axis. The track is a single, continuous track <b>231</b> followed by the tappet or roller means <b>232.</b>

0034In <figref idref="f0003">fig. <b>2</b></figref><b>,</b> the drum <b>220</b> is shown in a first rotational position with the movable element in an advanced position and pointing downwards, and with a returnable object/ item <b>10</b> entered into the input receiving space or area <b>210</b> to be placed on an upward facing region of the outer circumferential surface <b>228</b> of the drum <b>220.</b> In a preferable embodiment, the drum type conveyor includes an elongate roller <b>243,</b> or other means to allow rotation of the item while keeping the item in the input receiving area, to facilitate a rotation of a returnable object/ item <b>10</b> resting on the drum surface <b>228</b> as the drum <b>220</b> is put into rotation about its axis of rotation <b>221.</b> In particular, when the returnable item is provided with a readable code for identification of the item or for providing specific information about the container, rotation of the object/ item <b>10</b> will often be required to position the part of the object/ item <b>10</b> carrying the code such that it becomes readable, for example by use of a reader or recognizing device <b>20</b> located to observe the input receiving area. The drum type conveyor has also a guide <b>241,</b> e.g. a curved plate member, that extends from the area <b>210</b> to the output <b>224,</b> as will be further explained in connection with <figref idref="f0009">fig. <b>8</b></figref><b>.</b> Further guides <b>241,</b> e.g. as also shown on <figref idref="f0009">fig. <b>8</b></figref><b>,</b> could extend from the area 210 down to the output <b>226'.</b>

0035<figref idref="f0004">Fig. <b>3</b></figref> depicts in a perspective view the drum <b>220</b> in the first rotational position as shown in <figref idref="f0003">fig. <b>2</b></figref> and with the returnable item <b>10</b>resting on an upwardly facing part of the drum circumference. In the embodiment of <figref idref="f0004">fig. <b>3</b></figref><b>,</b> the conveyor is provided with a roller driving <b>244</b>means for driving the roller <b>243</b> in conjunction with driving of the drum, such that the surface velocity of the roller <b>243</b> is in a range of a velocity of a rolling surface <b>228</b> of the drum when rotated. Preferably, the roller driving means <b>244</b> comprises a gear drive arrangement that mechanically provides a rotation of the roller <b>243</b> by the rotation of the drum <b>220.</b> Movement in an axial direction of a returnable object/ item <b>10</b> being positioned in the input receiving area and resting on the drum <b>220</b>and roller <b>243</b> is in part restricted by end walls <b>229</b> associated with and located at each end of the drum <b>220,</b> and in part by elements <b>242</b> that constitute the frame <b>240.</b> Depending on the design of the means for driving the movable piston-like element <b>221</b> between its retracted position and its advanced position, the conveyor shown in <figref idref="f0004">fig. <b>3</b></figref> can be provided with a single output <b>224,</b> corresponding to only one particular angular drum rotary position, or with a second output at a different angular rotary position of the drum.

0036In <figref idref="f0005">fig. <b>4</b></figref><b>,</b> the drum <b>220</b> is shown in a second rotational position with the space or cavity opening in the drum facing the input receiving area, and with the movable element <b>223</b> moved to the retracted position. This has thereby allowed the returnable object/ item <b>10,</b> shown in <figref idref="f0003">fig. <b>2</b></figref> as resting on the circumferential drum surface <b>228,</b> to fall into the recess-like space or cavity <b>222,</b> as the drum is rotated to arrive at the second position after rotation from the first position, and be contained by the drum <b>220.</b> The same situation is also shown in the perspective view of <figref idref="f0006">fig. <b>5</b></figref><b>,</b> which shows parts of interior side walls of the space <b>222</b> and the drum end walls <b>229,</b> which contribute to restrict a movement of the returnable object/ item <b>10</b> such that it may not go beyond the space provided by the cavity <b>222.</b>

0037In <figref idref="f0007">fig. <b>6</b></figref><b>,</b> a partial sectional view of the drum type conveyor shows the drum in a third angular position, where the movable element has been moved in a first and counterclockwise direction from the retracted position shown in <figref idref="f0005">figs. <b>4</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0006"><b>5</b></figref> to an advanced position to drive the returnable item to the first output <b>224,</b> preferably for the purpose of driving the object/ item <b>10</b> towards the in-feed opening of a storage chamber <b>110.</b> If driven in a second and clockwise direction to a second output, which is either output <b>226</b> or output <b>226',</b> but not both, in-feed to a respective storage chamber <b>112</b> or <b>114</b> could be envisaged. The drum type conveyor is provided with said guide 241 to restrict the item <b>10</b> to its location in the cavity <b>222</b> while the drum is being rotated from the second position with the space <b>222</b> facing the input receiving area <b>210</b> to the third angular position where the opening of the cavity <b>222</b> is facing the first output <b>224.</b> The same situation is also shown in perspective view <figref idref="f0015"><b>fig.14</b></figref><b>,</b> with the opening of the cavity <b>222</b> aligned with the first output <b>224</b>and with the movable element <b>223</b> in an advanced position.

0038In <figref idref="f0009">fig. <b>8</b></figref><b>,</b> a partial cross sectional view of the drum type conveyor shows the situation based on the situation shown in <figref idref="f0005">fig. <b>4</b></figref><b>,</b> now with the drum rotated in a second and opposite rotational direction (clockwise direction in the example), whereby the returnable object/ item <b>10</b> that was received in the space or cavity <b>222</b> when the drum was in its second rotational position has been carried by the drum through a rotation of the drum through approximately 180° so that the drum assumes its first position as shown on <figref idref="f0003">figs. <b>2</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0004"><b>3</b></figref><b>.</b> The object/ item is driven out from the space <b>222</b> by the movable element <b>223</b> moving from a retracted position to an advanced position, but also by the effect of gravity. A <b>guide241</b> is provided to restrict the movement of the object/ item 10 when held in the space <b>222</b> while the drum is being rotated from the second rotational position with the space facing the input receiving area <b>210</b> to the first rotational position with the opening of the space <b>222</b> and the curved face <b>223'</b> of the element <b>223</b> being in register with the output<b>226'.</b> The situation of <figref idref="f0009">fig. <b>8</b></figref> is also shown in the perspective view from below of <figref idref="f0010">fig. <b>9</b></figref><b>,</b> with the item <b>10</b> exiting from the conveyor at the alternative output <b>226'.</b>

0039For conveying an item <b>10</b> that has entered the recess-like space or cavity to one out of two possible outputs in a specific embodiment of the combined drum conveyor and sorter, different directions of rotation can be used. For example, in the embodiments shown in <figref idref="f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009 f0010">figs. <b>2</b> - <b>9</b></figref> of the accompanying drawings, the drum would be rotated in a first direction (e.g. counterclockwise, as shown) to deliver the item at the first output<b>224,</b> while a rotation in a second direction (e.g. clockwise, as shown) would be applied to the drum for delivering the item <b>10</b> at a second output <b>226</b> or <b>226'.</b>

0040Thus, in the present context, there are in effect four main rotary positions of the drum <b>220:</b><ol id="ol0001"><li>a) the first rotary position with the recess <b>222</b> and the element <b>223</b> facing downwards;</li><li>b) the second rotary position with the recess <b>222</b> and the element<b>223</b> facing upwards, thus facing the input receiving area,</li><li>c) the third rotary position with the recess <b>222</b> and the element <b>223</b>facing the first output <b>224, and</b></li><li>d) the fourth rotary position with the recess <b>222</b> and the element<b>223</b> facing the second output <b>226</b> or facing the alternative second output <b>226'.</b> If facing output <b>226',</b> the fourth rotary position will in effect be the same as the first rotary position.</li></ol>

<u>Plunger-type conveyor means</u>

0041In the following, a piston-like moveable plunger in a stationary housing-type of conveyor part of the present invention will be explained.

0042Reference is first made to <figref idref="f0011">fig. <b>10</b></figref><b>,</b> which in principle shows a first example of a substantially linearly moveable plunger in a stationary housing type conveyor, as comprising an elongated housing <b>260</b> with an input opening <b>262</b> on one side adapted to face the input receiving area <b>210</b> of the storage facility, an interior space <b>261,</b> a substantially linearly movable plunger or slide member <b>270,</b> a first output <b>263</b> and a second output <b>264.</b> Although exemplified here with a housing based on a straightforward design for a rectilinear movement of the plunger, the housing may be designed to be curved in any direction to allow an output in an arbitrarily chosen angle. With a housing having a curved shape, naturally, the plunger would follow a curved path corresponding to the shape of the housing. Also shown in <figref idref="f0021">fig. <b>20</b></figref><b>,</b> is an elongated slot <b>272</b> in one side of the housing, which is provided as an access means for allowing a plunger drive means (not shown) to be attached to the plunger<b>270</b> for positioning of the plunger in different parts of the interior space<b>261.</b> Such a slot can be provided at any longitudinally extending side of the housing, and also at more than one side to provide a balanced drive force to the plunger. In <figref idref="f0011">fig. <b>10</b></figref> is also shown a returnable object/ item <b>10</b>which has been positioned in the input receiving area, and which by the aid of gravity and the provision of the input opening <b>262</b> will fall into the interior space <b>261</b> of the housing, and thereby become located adjacent to the plunger <b>270</b> when the plunger initially has been positioned in a first position which is below the opening <b>262.</b>

0043In a preferred example of the conveyor and sorter, as shown on <figref idref="f0011">figs. <b>10</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0012"><b>11</b></figref><b>,</b> embodying the moveable plunger in a stationary housing type conveyor, the conveyor suitably includes an item turning device, preferably using at least one roller <b>273</b> or preferably two rollers <b>273, 273'</b> if two outputs <b>263, 264</b> are two be used. The device is located adjacent the input opening <b>262.</b> The upper side face <b>271</b> of the plunger, i.e. the side of the plunger that will be facing the input opening <b>262,</b> has a surface structure that is specially prepared to provide good friction against a returnable object/ item <b>10</b> that has been deposited in the input receiving area and brought to rest on the upper side face <b>271</b> of the plunger. A rotation of the object/ item <b>10</b> that rests on the upper side face <b>271</b> of the plunger <b>270</b> is then obtainable by movement of the plunger <b>270</b> while the object/ item <b>10</b> is resting on top of the plunger <b>270,</b> which rotation is further augmented by the rollers <b>273, 273'.</b> The rollers <b>273, 273'</b> also cause the object/ item <b>10</b> to not move away from the opening <b>262</b> while rotated or if the longitudinal axis<b>260'</b>(see <figref idref="f0012">figs. <b>11</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0014"><b>13</b></figref>) of the housing forms an angle with the horizontal. The upper side face <b>271</b> of the plunger <b>270</b> can be extended in any direction of movement of the plunger <b>270,</b> to obtain a desired range of turning of the item 10 that rests on the upper side face <b>271</b> of the plunger <b>270.</b> Although just one roller <b>273</b> may suffice, a preferred embodiment of the plunger type conveyor and sorter has two rollers <b>273, 273</b> , one at each side of the input opening <b>262,</b> to facilitate rotation of the item <b>10</b> in any direction in connection with a movement of the plunger<b>270</b> in the longitudinal direction of the housing <b>260.</b> The rollers are rotatably supported at each end by mountings <b>275.</b> The rollers <b>273; 273'can</b> be freely rotatable, or they can be driven by a driver arrangement<b>274</b> by way of a separate drive means or by a linkage to the plunger <b>270</b>or the driver for the plunger. Preferably, but not necessarily, the drive means <b>274; 274',</b> e.g. a motor inside the roller, is arranged such that a surface velocity of the roller <b>273</b> during its rotation is about the same as the surface velocity of the upper face <b>271</b> of the plunger <b>270,</b> relative to the housing <b>260</b> as the plunger <b>270</b> is moved in the housing <b>260.</b> In order to obtain a measure for the mass of a returnable object/ item <b>10</b> resting on the plunger <b>270,</b> any roller arrangement <b>273</b> can include a load cell<b>276</b> suitably supporting the roller at one end thereof in order to measure a reaction force exerted on the roller as a function of an acceleration or turning of the object/ item <b>10</b> due to movement of the plunger <b>270,</b> or a reaction force due to the weight of the item <b>10,</b> in particular if longitudinal axis of the housing <b>260</b> is made to tilt, e,g. in the range of ± 0° - 30° relative to the horizontal..

0044In a next step of operation of the linear movement type conveyor, when the upper face <b>271</b> of the plunger has moved away from the opening <b>262</b> either towards output <b>263</b> or <b>264,</b> the returnable object/ item<b>10</b> will enter into the interior space <b>261,</b> the plunger <b>270</b> will then upon movement in an opposite direction apply a driving force to the object/ item <b>10</b> to drive it towards and through e.g. the first output <b>263</b> if the plunger at first had moved away from the opening <b>262</b> towards output<b>264,</b> or towards and through e.g. the second output <b>264</b> if the plunger had at first moved away from the opening <b>262</b> towards output <b>263.</b> In either case the plunger <b>270</b> would preferably force the item, towards an in-feed opening of a storage chamber of a storage facility as disclosed herein.

0045Now, with reference to <figref idref="f0013">figs. <b>12</b></figref><b>,</b> a further variant of the conveyor and sorter of the type having the moveable plunger in a stationary housing will be explained, this embodiment exhibiting three outputs. In this variant, at least three positions for the plunger element in the housing are defined, namely with the plunger positioned immediately under the input opening <b>262,</b> with the plunger positioned toward a first output <b>263</b> in the first movement direction of the plunger <b>270,</b> and a further position where the plunger has been moved near a second output <b>264.</b> For the sake of clarity, the rollers <b>273, 273'</b> have not been shown on <figref idref="f0023">fig. <b>22</b></figref><b>,</b> but the rollers will preferably be present in a practical embodiments. The variant shown in <figref idref="f0013">fig. <b>12</b></figref> includes a third output <b>265</b> of the housing, the third output being located opposite to and below the input opening <b>262</b> in the bottom of the housing <b>260.</b> Preferably, the third output <b>265</b> includes a closing means <b>265'</b> which is shown on <figref idref="f0014">fig. <b>13</b></figref><b>,</b> but not on <figref idref="f0013">fig. <b>12</b></figref><b>.</b> The closing means <b>265</b> is capable of controllably blocking the output <b>265</b>such that an object/ item 10 that has entered the interior space <b>261</b> of the housing <b>260</b> selectively can be kept from exiting the housing through the output <b>265</b> if the object/ item <b>10</b> is instead to be directed towards a different output, e.g. output <b>263</b> or <b>264.</b> The means <b>265'</b> for selectively closing the third output <b>265</b> can be made operational by way of a separate driver or actuator <b>265",</b> e.g. a solenoid, or by a linkage to the plunger <b>270,</b> for example by placing the output in an open state when the plunger is placed in an extreme position within the housing, such as for example in connection with a movement of the plunger beyond the position of the plunger <b>270</b> as shown in e.g. on <figref idref="f0013">fig. <b>12</b></figref><b>.</b> By the depositing of an object/ item <b>10</b> in the input receiving area <b>210</b> immediately above the input opening <b>262,</b> and with the third output <b>265</b> in an open state, and by locating the plunger <b>270</b> in a position where it does not block a passage provided between the input <b>262</b> and the third output <b>265</b> by the interior space <b>261</b> of the housing, the object/ item <b>10</b> is allowed to pass through the opening <b>262,</b> the interior of the housing <b>260</b> and then exit through the opening <b>265.</b> The exit of the item <b>10</b> after having traveled straight through the housing from the input <b>262</b> to the output <b>265</b> is shown in <figref idref="f0013">fig. <b>12</b></figref><b>.</b>

0046<figref idref="f0015">Fig. <b>14</b></figref> illustrates how the plunger <b>270</b> may be used to rotate the object / item <b>10.</b> , e.g. a bottle, by moving the plunger either way, the rollers <b>273, 273'</b> assisting a safe and efficient rotation of the item <b>10.</b> The understanding of <figref idref="f0015">fig. <b>14</b></figref> as regards rotation of the item 10 before it enters into the interior <b>261</b> of the housing <b>260</b> will be the same, irrespective of the presence of the output <b>265.</b> In effect, the three-outputs embodiment could be made instead as a two-outputs embodiment, having e.g. outputs<b>263</b> and <b>264,</b> outputs <b>263</b> and <b>265</b> or outputs <b>264</b> and <b>265.</b>

<u>Single Camera Viewing Device</u>

0047<figref idref="f0016">Fig. <b>15</b></figref> depicts a first light source <b>300</b> and a second light source<b>301,</b> the light source <b>301</b> suitably consisting of a plurality of light sub-sources <b>302, 303, 304, 305.</b> The light sources <b>300</b> and <b>301</b> are separately configured to illuminate a first region <b>306</b> and a second region<b>307</b> of an object, e.g. a returnable item <b>10;10';10",10"'.</b> A single camera<b>308</b> is provided to view at least part of the regions <b>306</b> and <b>307.</b> The first light source <b>300</b> is configured to assist the camera <b>308</b> in viewing of contour of objects, items or articles <b>10, 10', 10", 10"'</b> of different cross section, e.g. empty beverage packaging such as cans and bottles against a light reflective area or background <b>313</b> forming a bright, light emitting background. The light from the first light source <b>300</b> is directed towards the object (e,g. one of those labeled <b>10</b> through <b>10"'</b>) as parallel light using a lens <b>314.</b> The second light source <b>301</b> is configured to assist camera viewing by the camera <b>308</b> for detection and recognition of any identity features located on the object in viewing sector labeled <b>315.</b>

0048Said identity features are suitably at least one of: bar code, graphic symbol and alphanumeric characters.

0049Although it would be feasible to use two cameras instead of a single camera, the use of a single camera yields less technical complexity, a simpler and more maintenance friendly structure, in addition to requiring less space in order to carry out the required functions. Further, from a components cost aspect and installation cost, the invention also offers a substantial advantage over a two-camera solution.

0050When a camera views e.g. an object contour or identifying features thereon, the camera sensor matrix provides a string of matrix pixel signals to be processed in order to identify or recognize such contour or features, including the possibility of letting the camera read and causing identification of e.g. a bar code.

0051As seen from <figref idref="f0016 f0017 f0018 f0019">figs. <b>15 -18</b></figref><b>,</b> the first light source <b>300</b> illuminates the first region <b>306</b> via a light path which includes an optical beam splitter (or view splitter) <b>316</b> (<figref idref="f0016">figs. <b>15</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0017"><b>16</b></figref><b>), 318</b> (<figref idref="f0018">fig. <b>17</b></figref><b>)</b> or <b>319</b> (<figref idref="f0019">fig. <b>18</b></figref><b>),</b> at least one inclined mirror <b>320</b> and the lens <b>314.</b> However, it is noted that in the most preferred versions, there is suitably used two mirrors <b>320</b> and <b>321,</b> as shown on <figref idref="f0016 f0017 f0018">figs. <b>15 -17</b></figref><b>,</b> in the light path.

0052<figref idref="f0016">Figs. <b>15</b></figref><b>,</b><figref idref="f0017"><b>16</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0019"><b>18</b></figref> depict a light beam splitter <b>316; 319</b> located in an inclined posture in the camera field of view <b>322</b> and covers at least part of said field of view, suitably approximately half of the camera field of view. <figref idref="f0018">Fig. <b>17</b></figref> depicts an optical beam splitter <b>318</b> which covers the complete camera field of view.

0053It is seen from <figref idref="f0016 f0017 f0018 f0019">figs. <b>15 - 18</b></figref> that camera viewing of the first region<b>306</b> via one mirror <b>320</b> or two mirrors <b>320, 321</b> is suitably made with line of sight towards the object shifted by an angle <b>α</b> of 90°± 30° relative to camera line of sight towards the object when viewing the second region <b>307.</b> In the drawing <figref idref="f0016 f0017 f0018 f0019">figs. <b>15 - 18</b></figref> the angle <b>α</b> is shown as 90°. However, by arranging the mirrors <b>320, 321</b> differently, it is evident that the angle range of 90°±30° is possible.

0054In the case that there is used an optical beam splitter <b>316</b> or <b>319</b> which is within only half or less of the camera field of view, there is the possibility that when the camera is set to view the second region or part thereof, the splitter is suitably assisted by a vision blocker <b>323; 324</b> to prevent the camera from viewing both directly in the sector <b>315</b> and through the splitter, the splitter providing a less clear viewing. If the vision blocker <b>323; 324</b> is omitted, then the camera will be able to view the entire region <b>307.</b>

0055<figref idref="f0018">Fig. <b>17</b></figref> shows the camera in a configuration set to view the second region <b>307</b> completely via the beam splitter <b>318.</b> This implies that the camera <b>308</b> views either the first region <b>306</b> via the splitter, the mirrors <b>321, 320</b> and the lens <b>314,</b> and secondly the second region <b>307</b>through the splitter. In this latter situation, the light source <b>301</b> is fully or partly activated, and the light source <b>300</b> is deactivated.

0056The light source <b>301,</b> suitably comprising a plurality of light sub-sources <b>302</b> - <b>305,</b> is notably located in a region between the beam splitter <b>316; 318; 319</b> and an object supporting means in the form of said compact conveyor and sorter <b>200.</b> In the embodiments shown on <figref idref="f0016">fig. <b>15</b></figref><b>,</b><figref idref="f0019"><b>18</b></figref><b>-19,</b> the object supporting means <b>200</b> is shown only schematically, but in more detail on <figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>.</b> A more detailed operation of the object supporting means <b>200</b> and a possible, schematically shown alternative on fig. <b>32,</b> is disclosed in the preceding disclosure of <figref idref="f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009 f0010 f0011 f0012 f0013 f0014 f0015 f0016 f0017 f0018 f0019 f0020 f0021 f0022 f0023 f0024 f0025">figs. <b>1-24</b></figref><b>.</b>

0057It will now be briefly highlighted some of the earlier disclosed features of the object supporting means <b>200</b> in a specific context of camera aided viewing of an object, e.g. the object <b>10,</b> located on the object supporting means <b>200,</b> said supporting means is in the form of the rotary drum <b>220</b> (see <figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>)</b> with the auxiliary roller <b>243.</b> The drum <b>220</b> and the roller <b>243</b> will controllably, but forcibly rotate the object <b>10</b> on a portion <b>220'</b> or <b>220"</b> of the circumference of the drum. The drum <b>220</b> has at least one radial inwardly directed, adjustable space or cavity <b>222</b> for receiving the object <b>10</b> after its rotation on said circumference portion and for transporting the object <b>10</b> through rotation of the drum to an output location, e.g. at generally indicated by arrows <b>224, 226</b> and <b>226'</b>.The camera <b>308</b> will be able to view and cause detection of the presence of the object <b>10</b> when it has dropped into the adjustable space <b>222.</b> This has a safety function aspect and also a security function aspect., i.e. to prevent any swindle attempt. This means that the drum <b>220</b> will not start turning until the camera <b>308</b> actually observes and causes detection of the object being present in the space <b>222</b> and with the movable element <b>223</b> operating as a movable bottom in its fully retracted state.

0058The direction which the drum will then turn is determined by set criteria which are compared to recognize characteristic features of the object. Further, in case the contour of the object is to be viewable from above, rather than sideways, it would be advantageous to let at least a part of the rotary drum <b>220</b> be provided with a coating which is retro-reflective to light, in particular at the portions labeled <b>220'</b> and <b>220"</b> of the drum <b>220.</b> Such a situation is in particular suitable in connection with the example shown on <figref idref="f0020">fig. <b>19</b></figref> and will be further explained later.

0059A brief repeated disclosure is now made of the alternative supporting means as shown on <figref idref="f0011 f0012 f0013 f0014 f0015">figs. <b>10 -14</b></figref> in the context of camera aided viewing of an object <b>10.</b> The single camera is generally denoted by<b>308, 308',</b> the reference <b>308'</b> symbolizing viewing by the camera <b>308</b> via e.g. a beam splitter <b>318</b> and mirrors <b>321, 320</b> (see <figref idref="f0018">fig. 17</figref>). Said supporting means is suitably in the form of the housing <b>260</b> forming a guide with an object receiving input opening <b>262</b> and a reciprocating plunger or <b>270</b> therein. There is suitably at one or both of two longitudinal sides of the opening <b>262</b> an auxiliary roller <b>273; 273'</b> for roller support upon rotation of the object or item <b>10; 10'; 10"; 10"'</b> on the plunger <b>270</b>when it is set to move with its upper surface <b>271</b> past said opening, thus enabling the camera <b>308</b> to read an identifying feature on the object or item <b>10</b> if not immediately viewable by the camera. The plunger <b>270</b> is controllable to move beyond said opening <b>262,</b> e.g. to the position shown by dotted lines <b>270"</b> to allow the object to drop into the interior of the housing <b>260</b> through said opening <b>262</b> and by return movement of the plunger <b>270</b> (towards left as shown on <figref idref="f0023">fig. <b>22</b></figref><b>)</b> causing the object to be pushed out of the housing to an output location <b>263.</b> From the understanding and concept depicted in connection with the supporting means <b>200</b> on <figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>,</b> it is readily appreciated that the object <b>10</b> is camera observable while at a location inside said housing <b>260</b> below said opening <b>262,</b> provided that such location is in at least part of a field of view of the camera <b>308.</b> In a particular embodiment, at least at the upper part <b>271</b> of the plunger <b>270</b> can be provided with a coating retro-reflective to light, thus enabling the contour of the object, e.g. <b>10,</b> to be viewed from above.

0060<figref idref="f0020">Fig. <b>19</b></figref> shows the use of a single camera <b>340</b> and with an optical beam splitter <b>341</b> inclined relative to a lens <b>343.</b> A light source <b>342</b>provides for illumination of the object, e.g. <b>10,</b> through lens <b>343</b> to provide parallel light rays towards the supporting means <b>200,</b> which has its drum parts <b>220'</b> and <b>220"</b> (see fig. <b>26)</b> provided with retro-reflective material or property enabling light not hit by the object to be retro-reflected back to camera <b>340</b> via the lens <b>343</b> and the splitter <b>341</b> to provide an image of the contour of the object. When it is desirable to view and read identifying features on the object, such as e.g. bar-code, a light source <b>344</b> is activated, the light source suitably being of the same type as the light source <b>301.</b> At the same time, light source <b>342</b> may be deactivated, if required.

0061<figref idref="f0016 f0017 f0018 f0019">Figs. <b>15 -18</b></figref> clearly demonstrate that the first and second regions <b>306, 307</b> are partly overlapping, and <figref idref="f0020">fig. <b>19</b></figref> indicates full overlapping.

0062<figref idref="f0022">Fig. <b>21</b></figref> is identical to the embodiment shown on <figref idref="f0016">fig. <b>15</b></figref><b>,</b> apart from the light source <b>300</b> and the retro-reflective background <b>313</b> having been deleted and replaced by a light emitting, illuminated or backlit panel<b>350,</b> the panel <b>350</b> thus forming a bright background. Ambient light may in some applications be sufficient in order that the camera views a bright background.

0063The panel <b>350</b> will provide the bright background against which e.g. the object 10 is to be viewed by the single camera <b>308.</b>

0064A similar situation is present with the embodiment of <figref idref="f0023">fig. <b>22</b></figref><b>,</b> which is identical to the embodiment shown on <figref idref="f0018">fig. <b>17</b></figref><b>,</b> apart from the light source <b>300</b> and the retro-reflective background area <b>313</b> having been deleted and replaced by a light emitting area, suitably in the form of the panel <b>350</b> to form a bright background against which e.g. the object<b>10</b> is to be viewed by the single camera <b>308</b> to provide for e.g. detection of object contour.

0065From a viewing of <figref idref="f0022 f0023">figs. <b>21 - 22</b></figref> it will be appreciated that turning of the object to be inspected, e.g.. to suitably find an identifying feature to be detected, is made by means of the object supporting means <b>220, 220, 243</b> or <b>260, 262, 270, 271, 273, 273'</b> as shown on in more detail on <figref idref="f0017">figs. <b>16</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0021"><b>20</b></figref><b>,</b> respectively.

0066Further, it could be of advantage to let the first and second light sources, e.g. <b>300, 301; 300', 301; 342, 344; 348, 349; 350, 301; 350, 354; 350, 349; 350, 359</b> have different spectral range or composition. Also, it would be possible to have the second light sources <b>301; 344; 349; 359</b> composed of two or more sub-sources. Further, the sub-sources could have different spectra range or composition, either all different, different in pairs or in groups. Such features of the light sources and possible sub-sources are of importance to be able to detect e.g. identifying features on the objects appearing e.g. with different colours, different reflective properties etc.

0067Further aspects of the invention are now to be explained with reference to <figref idref="f0024">fig. <b>23</b></figref><b>.</b> In the particular case of the embodiments of <figref idref="f0016">figs. <b>15</b></figref><b>,</b><figref idref="f0017"><b>16</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0019"><b>18</b></figref><b>,</b> as well as <figref idref="f0022">fig. <b>21</b></figref><b>,</b> it would be suitable to split the camera video image in two with a part <b>360</b> related to the first region <b>306</b> and another part <b>361</b> related to the second region <b>307.</b> In the embodiments of <figref idref="f0018">figs. <b>17</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0023"><b>22</b></figref> it may be visualized the possibility of dedicating half of the camera video image to region <b>306</b> and the other half to region <b>307,</b> or alternatively have alternating full video images of regions <b>306</b> and <b>307.</b> For the embodiment of <figref idref="f0020">fig. <b>19</b></figref> the choice is alternating full video images only.

0068Camera viewing of the first region of the object <b>362</b> related to its contour <b>363</b> can in addition include observation or rather recognition of mere presence or absence of said identifying features <b>364,</b> e.g. bar code located on the object.

0069The focus of the camera will not be exactly on the features <b>364,</b> but the camera will at least sense or detect with relation to the partial image <b>360</b> whether the features <b>364,</b> here labeled <b>364'</b> are indeed present or not, although on the partial image <b>360</b> appearing "blurred" or a bit out of focus. If the features <b>364</b> are not visible on the image part <b>361,</b> but visible on part <b>360,</b> this will indicate necessity to rotate the object one way or the other through a maximum angle of 180°. The comparison between the two images <b>360</b> and <b>361</b> in this respect has some impact on the required amount of rotation of the object in order to be able to view and read the feature <b>364</b> properly in region <b>307,</b> and consequently has also importance with regard to processing time in order to find the feature<b>364,</b> read and record it.

0070When using in this manner a single camera for camera viewing of both said first and second regions, the camera has preferably, but not necessarily its image field subdivided into said at least two partial images <b>360, 361,</b> the first partial image <b>360</b> being dedicated to object contour detection and/ or detection of presence or absence of said identifying features, and the second partial image <b>361</b> being dedicated to observation and reading of said identifying features.

0071It is readily understood that the principle of detecting presence or absence of identifying features in region <b>306</b> and the need for rotation of the object is equally well useful when the camera switches between viewing regions <b>306</b> and <b>307.</b>

<u>RVM Operational System Overview</u>

0072<figref idref="f0025">Fig. <b>24</b></figref> depicts an overall system in which the various aspects of the present invention are implemented.

0073The reverse vending machine (RVM) has said processing and control unit <b>400</b> which receives video data from the camera <b>401</b> via a video analyzer <b>402.</b> The camera <b>401</b> is also linked to the operation unit <b>408,</b> and the operation unit includes the watchdog timer <b>403</b> and a motor control. The motor #1 and its control, denoted <b>404,</b> are related to the drive of the supporting means <b>325, 327,</b> or the unit <b>333</b> as disclosed earlier. A motor overload sensor <b>405</b> is also provided to inhibit operation of motor #1 in case of jam not detected by the operational unit <b>408</b> or a jam detector <b>406.</b> The sensor <b>405</b> could be in the form of a pressure sensitive bar, or the roller <b>243</b> could have its weight sensor <b>253</b> (in <figref idref="f0025">fig. <b>24</b></figref> denoted by <b>419)</b> modified in order to also indicate pressure against the roller caused by a jam due to an object not fully located in the recess or space <b>222.</b>

0074The operation unit <b>408</b> is, as disclosed earlier linked with the camera <b>401</b> and the processing and control unit (processor) <b>400,</b> and in the present example the unit <b>408</b> controls the motor controls <b>404</b> and <b>422</b> directly, although such control could be via the processor <b>400.</b>

0075As indicated earlier, optically readable cards will normally be read by e.g. camera <b>401.</b> However, if a card is a magnetic readable/ writable card or an r.f. readable/ writable card, there will be the need of a card reader / card encoder unit <b>411.</b>

0076Suitably, the tokens are ready made, pre-coded cards, like the cards <b>367</b> which are dispensable one by one from the dispenser means<b>369; 412</b> (fig.<b>46</b>) and which upon the feed-out from the dispenser <b>412</b> via output <b>412'</b> is code-read by a code reader/ encoder <b>411,</b> in particular if the card is a magnetic stripe or r.f. card. Alternatively, if the card is an optically readable card, the card is read by the camera <b>401</b> via aperture<b>424</b> and inclined mirror <b>424').</b>

0077If the card is a magnetic stripe card or an r.f. card and with no information on the card when it is located in the dispenser, the code reader/ encoder <b>411</b> will be able to encode the card with a card code, such as e.g. a serial number or other identity, or the combination of a card code or serial number or other identity and a redemption value to be rewarded or paid, as the cards are fed out from the dispenser one-by-one.

0078If the cards to be used for reward of empty beverage containers deposited in the RVM are not to be delivered from a card dispenser, such token could be a personal token which the customer brings with him to the RVM and uses to transfer card identity data from the card to the RVM. If the card is an optically readable card, it can be read by the camera <b>401</b> and as indicated further by reference <b>411'</b> when inserted into a slot (see reference <b>370;</b><figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>)</b> and viewable through an aperture (see reference <b>370';</b><figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>)</b> in the light retro-reflective area (see reference<b>313;</b><figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>).</b> If the card is an r.f. readable card, the card could be readable by an r.f. reader <b>411",</b> and if the card is a magnetic stripe readable card, the card could be readable by a magnetic stripe reader<b>411"'.</b>

0079The cards, irrespective of being optically readable, r.f. readable or encodable, or magnetic stripe readable or encodable, could be in the form of a reusable token, in particular because the cards are in any case validated and after reward has been paid, invalidated. The token could be retrieved from a stack or a band of cards. If a band of cards or a zig-zag arranged band of cards is used, the dispenser <b>369 (412</b> on <figref idref="f0025">fig. <b>24</b></figref><b>)</b> should suitably be replaced by a conventional type of dispenser for such card arrangement. Also, different type of encoder 411 may be required. In any case, the card should have at least an alphanumerical, machine readable code.

0080If the token is a card which is optically readable, the card should have a pre-made code thereon, suitably consisting of a bar code or other optically readable code readable by an optical reader such as the camera <b>401.</b> As indicated earlier, the bar code or other optically readable code is preferably retro-reflective to light. Such configuration of the card makes an additional light source for viewing the code on the card superfluous. Conversely, the card could be made of a retro-reflective material and the bar code be made of a non-reflective material.

0081The processor <b>400</b> will either directly, or via a central computer installation <b>413</b> transfer to a rewarding or check-out and payment station <b>414</b> information related to a readable token code and information related to said return value. Transfer of information to and from the processor to the computer <b>413</b> and the station <b>414</b> is suitably via a local area network (LAN) <b>415.</b> The station <b>414</b> has a card reader <b>416</b> to read the card before reward or redemption value is paid. The card is then invalidated through use of a token invalidation means <b>407</b> associated with the station <b>414</b> or through internal operation in the unit <b>400</b> and/ or the computer <b>413.</b> In an alternative embodiment the processor <b>400</b> communicates with a "tick-off" unit <b>417,</b> which could be in the form of a minicomputer, such as so-called PDA. This could be a solution useful for a small store, through which there is conveyed to the unit <b>417</b> from the processor displayable information such as visible card identity and sum to be paid. Upon payment of the required money, the operator ticks off the particular item displayed, which is then made void or invalid, cancelled in the unit <b>400</b>and/ or computer <b>413,</b> and suitably removed from the display on the unit <b>417.</b>

0082The RVM has suitably a display <b>418</b> to properly guide or inform an RVM user how to operate. If the display is a touch screen, the customer may communicate with the processor <b>400.</b> The container weight sensor <b>419</b> indicated on <figref idref="f0025">fig. <b>24</b></figref><b>, ,</b> is provided to engage an end <b>247</b>of an axle <b>243'</b> (see <figref idref="f0017">fig. <b>16</b></figref><b>)</b> of the roller <b>243,</b> so as to spot whenever a too heavy beverage container is fed into the RVM through an opening<b>425</b> on the RVM. The term "too heavy" in this context is meant to imply that the unit <b>400,</b> upon receiving information related to shape and identity features, will compare these data with library data in the unit <b>400,</b> and thereby determine whether the object in fact should weigh less or not. This has been disclosed in more detail earlier. Also as indicated, the weight sensor could suitably form or supplement the jam sensor <b>405.</b>

0083An interlock-mechanism <b>420</b> is provided for safety reasons. The mechanism is suitably a set of sensors and switches to ensure that the RVM cannot be operated unless all units are in proper place and all cabinet panels are in proper mounted position and cabinet doors are locked.

0084A power supply <b>421</b> is provided, suitably linked to power consuming units via the unit <b>400.</b>

0085A motor and control unit <b>422</b> is provided to cause the volume of a collection container <b>426</b> to be adjusted by winding or unwinding a flexible side and bottom <b>426'.</b> However, although <figref idref="f0026">fig. <b>25</b></figref> shows a collection container <b>426,</b> it would be understood by the average expert in the art that other operational equipment could be installed and operated instead of the collection container. Such equipment could include one or more from the group of: conveyor; pusher unit; rotation means; compactor; disintegrator; sorter means. The positioning and evidently the configuration of such equipment in cooperation with the motor <b>422</b> could be substantially different from that of the collection container <b>426.</b> The collection container is particularly suitable for heavier objects, e.g. bottles of glass.

0086Reference numeral <b>423</b> in <figref idref="f0025">fig. <b>24</b></figref> denotes a position sensor which is used to detect rotary positions of the drum <b>220,</b> or the plunger <b>270.</b>

0087The reference numeral <b>100</b> denotes generally a storage compartment for receiving objects delivered from the supporting, sorting, conveying and push-out unit <b>200.</b>.

0088Modification of the various elements, means and devices related to the numerous aspects of the present invention would be conceivable within the scope of the invention as defined in the attached claims.