A SiC-BASED HONEYCOMB CERAMIC PARTICLE-CAPTURING FILTER CARRIER, A PARTICLE-CAPTURING FILTER ASSEMBLY AND A PARTICLE-CAPTURING FILTER DEVICE COMPOSED OF THE CARRIERS, AS WELL AS THE METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

Technical Fields

The present invention relates to a kind of honeycomb ceramic filtration substrate, a filter composed of the said substrate and a filtration system made of the said filter as well as production methods thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of wall flow filtration substrate made of SiC (silicon carbides) based material, a filter made of the said substrate, a filtration system and their production methods. The filtration system can be used in the fields of the vehicle exhaust treatment (especial for diesel vehicle) or the industrial pollution air treatment.

Background Art

The quantity of the vehicle is increasing rapidly in the recent years. This results in the additional air pollution due to exhaust gases. The vehicle emission accounts for 50-60% of air pollutant in some area crowded with vehicles, especially in the cities and metropolitans. Nowadays, people take great importance to the survival environment, and air pollution treatment has become a sensible topic. In order to decrease the vehicle emission, three measures will be adopted: Treatment before the motor, in the motor and after the motor (after-treatment). With the increasing stringent emission standard, the after-treatment becomes more and more important. The after-treatment device for vehicle (especially for the diesel vehicle) is made of three parts: the envelope, the particulates filter and the catalyst. The characteristics of the catalyst and filter determine the quality of the after-treatment device and play a vital role to the after-treatment.

Studying carefully the prior art nowadays, such as which disclosed by a Japanese company NGK, French company IBIDEN, they have used the pure SiC material to produce the particulates filter (see <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="EP1142619A1"><text>EP 1142619A1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US6669751B1"><text>US 6,669,751 B1</text></patcit>). The extrusion process has been applied to produce the product. Because of the specificity of the production of SiC particulates filtration substrate, the adhesion was used to combine the substrate together forming a particulates filter. The world well known way is used to plug the cell alternately to get the wall flow structure. The particulates filter can be used in the filtration and the regeneration of particulates matters. The refractory temperature of the pure SiC material is very high which can be up to 2200°C, so it has great advantage in standing for the high temperature during the course of filtration and regeneration of particulates matters.

Nevertheless, the temperature of sintering is very high which has described in the <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="EP1142619A1"><text>EP1142619A1</text></patcit> Article [0065] that "The sintering temperature is set to 2100°C to 2300°C in the present embodiment to obtain the average pore diameter of 6µm-15µm and a porosity of 35% to 50%. Further, the sintering time is set to 0.1 hours to 5 hours. Further, the interior of a furnace has an inert atmosphere during sintering, and the pressure in that atmosphere is the normal pressure". Because the sintering temperature is much higher than 2000°C, this kind of production needs the high quality sintering equipments and instruments as well as huge investment. Furthermore, the sintering procedure is under an inert atmosphere. The production art is very sophisticated and consumes great amount of energy. The consequence is the high cost of product. This is the main drawback for the application especial for the developing countries. Higher quality/price ratio of the product is the key problem to be solved in the technical field in order that the product can be applied in the automobile industry world wide.

<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="US6582796B1"><text>US 6,582,796 B1</text></patcit> discloses a honeycomb-type structure made of porous ceramic. The ceramic comprises 70-97 % by mass SiC, and 3-30 % by mass of a simple oxide and a mixed oxide, such as clay. Starch may be used as pore-forming agent.

Further, <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US20030148063A1"><text>US 2003/0148063 A1</text></patcit> discloses a honeycomb structure constituted by cell partition walls and a honeycomb outer wall, wherein the cell partition walls and the honeycomb outer wall are formed by a bonded texture containing silicon carbide (SiC) as an aggregate, the proportion of SiC being 40 to 90%.

Description of the Invention

In view of the drawback of the existing technologies, one object of the present invention is to apply SiC as main ceramic material and clay as the adhesive material to produce a kind of honeycomb ceramic filtration substrate which can be used to produce the particulates filter and in turn to produce a filtration system. A further object of the present invention is to provide the production methods of the honeycomb particulates filtration substrate, the particulates filter and the particulates filtration system which will be disclosed in the present invention.

The present invention can be achieved with the following technical steps: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>The present invention provides a kind of honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate, the green ceramic substrate is extruded with a paste composed of as following materials (in portion): Silicon carbides (SiC): 1; Clay: 0.05∼0.5; Flour: 0.1∼0.35; Grease: 0.025∼0.05; Water: 0.2∼0.35. The green ceramic substrate will under sinter process, and the sintered substrate has honeycomb structure with cell density ranging from 4∼62 cells/cm², the thickness of the cell walls which separate the cells is 0.2∼1.2 mm, the porosity of the cell walls is of 40%∼70%; The cell walls through pore rate &gt; 30%; the average diameter distribution of the cell wall micro-pores is in the range of 1∼50 µm.</li></ul>

The said clay is selected from industrial clay such as the calcined kaolin, or pigment clay, the said grease is selected from one of the heavy distillated lubrication oil or compound lubrication oil, or their compounds.

According to the invention, the silicon carbides are selected from two kinds of silicon carbides with grain sizes differences are between 37-74 µm (200∼400 meshes), and their weight ratio is from 1:4 to 3:4.

The present invention provides a kind of production method of the honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate. The steps are as follows: <ol id="ol0001" ol-style=""><li>(1) Weigh the ingredient materials according to their portion;</li><li>(2) Mix the SiC as defined above and in the claims and the clay together, and then to add the grease to mix them in the mixer homogeneously, waiting to be used for next step;</li><li>(3) Mix the flour with the water under the ambient temperature into milky liquid state, and to heat them to the temperature of 65°C∼100°C until it becomes a viscous flour paste;</li><li>(4) Mix the mixture of step (2) and the viscous flour paste together, the mixing step lasts 1∼3 hours;</li><li>(5) Mix and sieve the mixture of step (4) so that it can be homogeneous.</li><li>(6) Extrude the mixture with a die to form a honeycomb substrate. The cross section of the honeycomb substrate has different geometry shapes and has cells density ranging from 4∼62 cells/cm². To dry it under the ambient temperature and then plug the cells alternately on each end face of the honeycomb substrate to form the green ceramic wall flow particulates filtration substrate.</li><li>(7) With the sintering speed of &lt; 5°C/min to the temperature of 600°C∼900°C, lasting for 2∼12 hours, and then to raise the temperature to 1250°C∼1350°C and to last for 0.5∼12 hours, and then cool down naturally to the ambient temperature to get the sintered honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate.</li></ol>

As mentioned, in step (2), the silicon carbides are selected by the vibration sieve, to take two kinds of silicon carbides whose grain sizes difference are from 37-74 µm (200 to 400 meshes), and their weight ratios are 1:4∼3:4.

The experimental investigation of the present invention shows that: <ol id="ol0002" ol-style=""><li>(1) The sintered honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate has a porosity of 40%--70%, among which, the through pore rate is more than 30%, the average diameters of the micro-pores of the cell wall are 1∼50µm. If the diameter of the micro-pores is higher than 50µm, the particles will leak out through the pores, so the particles can't be kept in the cells and this will reduce the filtration effect; so the optimal average micro-pores diameters are 10∼30µm.</li><li>(2) The thickness of the cell wall of the sintered honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate is from 0.2 to 1.2 mm, if the thickness is superior to 1.2 mm, then the through pore rate will be lower, and the back pressure will be higher, this will also affect the motor power; if the thickness of the wall is less than 0.2 mm, then the mechanical resistance will be lower. The optimal thickness of the cell wall is from 0.2∼0.6mm.</li><li>(3) The match of the silicon carbides grain sizes is very important to the porosity. Generally, two or more than two sizes of the silicon carbides are to be chosen, and it is better that the difference of the sizes is 37-74 µm (200 ∼ 400 meshes). For example, 37-74 µm (200 meshes + 400 meshes) is a good match to get a satisfied result. The above example is just one case and there are several types of matches. The content of the silicon carbides is from 50% to 95%.</li><li>(4) It is preferably to choose the industrial clay or the pigment clay, and the grain size of the clay chosen for the high temperature adhesive phase should be superior to 74 µm (200 meshes). The quantity of the clay should be chosen according to the grain size of the silicon carbides. It would be better to choose the quantity which is a little bit higher than the percolation limit, the proportion of the clay is generally 5% ∼50%.</li></ol>

The present invention further provides a kind of wall flow particulates filter. The particulates filter is composed of said several honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrates, the substrates are connected by an adhesive agent, the said adhesive agent is composed of the ingredients, whose weight portions are: silicon carbides: 1, clay: 0.2∼1, water glass: 0.06∼0.35. The thickness of the adhesive agent layer is about 1∼3 mm.

The present invention further provides the production method of the wall flow particulates filter, it includes the following steps: <ol id="ol0003" ol-style=""><li>(1) Make use of the said honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate to be as the component parts;</li><li>(2) Put the adhesive agent on the side faces of the substrates. The adhesive agent is composed as the following weight portion: silicon carbides: 1; clay: 0.2∼1; water glass: 0.06∼0.35; the thickness of the adhesive agent is about 1∼3 mm; and then to stick the parts together to form the different geometry shapes and then to get the semi-finished particulates filter;</li><li>(3) Brush the side surface of the semi-finished particulates filter with the adhesive agent. After the drying treatment, the particulates filter is obtained.</li></ol>

The application volume of the particulates filter should match the motor cylinder volume of the vehicle. The experimental tests of the present invention show that the best match is that the volume of the particulates filter is 1 to 2.5 times of the volume of the diesel motor cylinder volume.

The regeneration of the particulates filter can be realized by using the proper physical and chemical methods, for example the CRT (continuous regeneration technology), or burning with the oil spray or electrical heating methods. These devices would be better to be used with the car or diesel OBD (on board diagnostic) system.

The present invention further provides a kind of particulates filtration system including a stainless steel envelope, a filter welt in the stainless steel envelope, a thermal isolate layer, inlet and outlet of the gases. The characteristic of the system is that the filter is the said particulates filter of the present invention.

The present invention yet further provides a production method of a kind of particulates filtration system. The method including: Pack the said particulates filter with the thermal isolate layer, welt and canned in the stainless steel envelope, welding the enveloped filter with the inlet of gas and outlet of gas together to produce the exhaust gases particulates filtration system. This kind of particulates filtration system can be applied in the fields of the filtration of the diesel exhaust particulates and after-treatment.

The principle of the present invention is as follows: By using the percolation theory in the physico-chemical principles, a kind of refractory material SiC is used as the principal ingredient; it can be more easily sintered under a temperature relatively much lower than the other technologies but the product can still keep a certain refractory. By losing a certain degree of refractory, it enables not only be satisfied with the catalysis and filtration functions but also enables easily meet the purpose to reduce the consumption of the energy and lower the costs, hence to enlarge easily the production scale as well as enter into the markets. The basic requirement is the volume or weight proportion of the clay should close to or a little bit more than the percolation limit. In the normal tri-dimension material, this ratio must be 5%∼50%, and this percentage is not only decided by the type of material, but also decided by the microstructure of material, so there is a certain lower limit for each material. The present invention also makes use of an advanced extrusion method to produce the green honeycomb ceramic substrate. By taking the advantage of the traditional sintering technology and by adjusting the ingredient, the product can arrive to the ideal refractory, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, porosity and mechanical resistance etc.

Comparing with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial results: <ol id="ol0004" ol-style=""><li>(1) The invention products have the following key characteristics:① By using the advanced extrusion technique, the honeycomb ceramic substrate has more and homogeneous pores, the cell density of substrate can be varied from 4∼62 cells/cm².② By using the percolation principle and selection of grain size, there are many micro-pores on the cell wall (the size of the pore and its distribution can be adjusted by the grain size of the SiC powder and adhesive paste as well as the pore-forming powder or paste), this is the benefit not only for the loading of catalysis but also for the filtration of the diesel exhaust particulates.③ The filtration and regeneration of the diesel particulates can be achieved by using some chemical way or burning with the oil spray or electrical heating process to bum away the particulates to ensure the diesel particulates filter can be cyclically and efficiently used.</li><li>(2) Since the industrial grade of silicon carbides and clay are used as raw material, there are enough resources with economical price. It is easy to form the shape and the sintering process can make full use of the traditional refractory sintering equipment. The production procedure can be operated easily. The sintered ceramic substrate not only has expected pores but also has good thermal conductivity, porosity and mechanical resistance to be used as the catalyst substrate and filtration substrate in the fields of vehicle and chemical industries etc.</li><li>(3) Comparing with the invention disclosed application by IBIDEN, the sintering temperature of the product should be raised to 2100°C∼2300°C. This kind of production needs high quality of the sintering equipment and instrument as well as the important investment. Further more, the sintering procedure is under an inert atmosphere, so the production art is sophisticated and it consumes a great deal of energy. This results in high production cost. But the sintering temperature of the present invention is relative lower around 1350 °C without the inert atmosphere to protect the sintering process, so the costs can be lowered down greatly. It obviously economizes the precious energy and reduces the equipment and machine investment. In consequence, the advantageous ratio of the characteristics and price can be achieved. And at the same time, by using the world well known technology to plug the cells of the each end face alternately, the wall flow particulates filter is produced. In conclusion, the present invention whose raw materials are easy to get, the cost is lower down obviously, the technical art is easy to operate, the sintering procedure is reasonable.</li><li>(4) The present invention has wide range of applications. For example, it can be used as a filter in the melting slag filtration or exchanger for metallurgical industry. It can also be used for the polluted water filtration in environment protection. It can still be used as the catalyst substrate for chemical industry. It also can be used for the production of aviation and space related materials. The present invention relates the honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate based on silicon carbides can be firstly applying in the vehicle exhaust treatment and can be used especially in the diesel exhaust reduction, all the exhausts which have great pollution to the environment.</li></ol>

Brief Description of the drawings

<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none"><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> is a schematic view of honeycomb ceramic particulates filter of the present invention with square cross section</li><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 2</figref> is a schematic view of honeycomb ceramic particulates filter of the present invention with round cross section</li><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig.3</figref> is a schematic view of the honeycomb ceramic particulates filter of the present invention with elliptic cross section</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig 4</figref> is a schematic view of the particulates filtration system used in the diesel particulates filtration and after-treatment.</li></ul>

Reference Numerals :

<ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>1: Thermal isolate layer; 2: Particulates filter; 3: Stainless steel envelope;</li><li>4: Exhaust gases inlet; 5: Exhaust gases outlet.</li></ul>

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following Examples. The following Examples are for illustrative purpose and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The ingredients of the materials are silicon carbides, selected clay, flour, grease and water. Their weight portions are: silicon carbides: 1; selected clay: 0.5; flour: 0.35; grease: 0.05 and water: 0.35. The grain sizes of the silicon carbides powders are 74 µm (200 meshes) and 37 µm (400 meshes) with the weight ratio of 1:3; the grain size of the clay is 12 µm (1200 meshes).

To put the flour and water together and mix them into milky liquid state and heating the milky liquid to the temperature around 65°C to 100°C to transform it into the viscous flour paste and then wait to be used; To put the silicon carbides, clay and grease together and mix them in the mixer for one hour, and then add the above prepared flour paste to mix them together for one hour to form the mixture into compound pastes, wait to be used. And then filter out the compound pastes from a sieve of 150 µm (100 meshes).

To extrude the filtered pastes through a die to get the green honeycomb ceramic substrate with the dimensions of 57×57×254 /mm³, the cell wall thickness is 1.2 mm, and the cell density is 3.88 cells/cm² (25 cells/inch² (25 CPSI)).

After drying and plugging the pore alternatively, the green ceramic substrate will be sintered with the sintering speed of &lt; 5°C/min to the temperature of 600°C, lasting for 6 to 12 hours, and then raise the temperature to 1250°C, lasting for 6 to 12 hours and then cool down naturally to the ambient temperature to get the honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate. The characteristics of the sintered substrate are listed in table 1. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 1. The sample size :</b> 57×57×254 mm³ model :MJK-1</title><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="122mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="44mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Composition of the product</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Sintered [(α-SiC) + (β-SiC) +Clay]</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">Real material density (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">3.60</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Cell wall density (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">1.40</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Apparent density of substrate (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">0.70</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Cells per cm²/thickness of cell wall in µm (Cells per square inch / thickness of cell wall in milli-inch (CPSI/Mil))</entry><entry align="center">3,88 / 1194 (25/47)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Back pressure (mbar)</entry><entry align="center">&lt; 70-200</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Distribution of the pores µm</entry><entry align="center">1∼50</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Through pore ratio</entry><entry align="center">&gt;30%</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Refractory temperature (°C)</entry><entry align="center">1500</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Normal use temperature (°C)</entry><entry align="center">-20∼1400</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 2

Repeat the procedure of example 1. The differences are as follows: <ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>The weight portions of materials are: silicon carbides: 1; selected clay: 0.15; flour: 0.35; distillated lubrication oil (one kind of grease): 0.05; and water: 0.35. The grain sizes of the silicon carbides powder are 74 µm (200 meshes) and 25 µm (500 meshes) with the weight ratio of 3:4; the grain size of the clay is 13 µm (1000 meshes).</li></ul>

Example 3

Repeat the procedure of example 1. The differences are as follows: <ul id="ul0005" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>The weight portions of materials are: silicon carbides: 1; selected clay: 0.3; flour: 0.18; distillated lubrication oil (one kind of grease): 0.03 and water: 0.25. The grain sizes of the silicon carbides powders are 74 µm (200 meshes) and 21 µm (600 meshes) with the weight ratio of 1:4; the grain size of the clay is 74 µm (200 meshes).</li></ul>

Example 4

Repeat the procedure of example 1. There are the differences as follows: <ul id="ul0006" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>The weight portions of materials are: silicon carbides: 1; selected clay: 0.4; flour: 0.3; compound lubrication oil (one kind of grease): 0.04 and water: 0.30. The grain sizes of the silicon carbides powders are 63 µm (250 meshes) and 35 µm (450 meshes) with the weight ratio of 1:3; the grain size of the clay is 15 µm (800 meshes).</li></ul>

Example 5

The ingredients of the materials are silicon carbides, selected clay, flour, compound lubrication oil and water. Their weight portions are: silicon carbides: 1; selected clay: 0.2; flour: 0.35; compound lubrication oil (one kind of grease): 0.05 and water: 0.35. The grain sizes of the silicon carbides powders are 74 µm (200 meshes) and 37 µm (400 meshes) with the weight ratio of 1:3; the grain size of the clay is 12 µm (1200 meshes).

To put the flour and water together and mix them into milky liquid state and heating the milky liquid to the temperature around 65°C to 100°C to transform it into the viscous flour paste and then wait to be used;

To put the silicon carbides, clay and grease together and mix them in the mixer for two hours, and then add the above prepared flour paste to mix them together for two hours to form the mixture into compound pastes, wait to be used.

And then filter out the compound pastes from a sieve of 125 µm (120 meshes). To extrude the filtered pastes through a die to get the green honeycomb ceramic substrate with the dimensions of 36x36x254 /mm³, the cell wall thickness is 1.0 mm, and cell density is 3.88 cells/cm² (25 cells/inch² (25 CPSI)).

After drying and plugging the pore alternatively, the green ceramic substrate will be sintered with the sintering speed of &lt; 1°C/min to the temperature of 900°C, lasting for 2 to 6 hours, and then raise the temperature to 1350°C, lasting for 0.5 to 2 hours and then cool down naturally to the ambient temperature to get the honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate. The characteristics of the sintered substrate are listed in table 2. <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2. The sample size :</b> 36x36x254 mm³, model :MJK-2</title><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="120mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="46mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Composition of the product</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Sintered [(α-SiC) + (β-SiC) +Clay]</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">Real material density (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">3.62</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Cell wall density (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">1.41</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Apparent density of substrate (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">0.74</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Cells per cm²/thickness of cell wall in µm (Cells per square inch / thickness of cell wall in milli-inch (CPSI/Mil))</entry><entry align="center">3.88/1194 (25/47)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Back pressure (mbar)</entry><entry align="center">&lt; 70-200</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Distribution of the pores µm</entry><entry align="center">1∼50</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Through pore ratio</entry><entry align="center">&gt;30%</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Refractory temperature (°C)</entry><entry align="center">1500</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Normal use temperature (°C)</entry><entry align="center">-20∼1400</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 6

The ingredients of the materials are silicon carbides, selected clay, flour, compound lubrication oil and water. Their weight portions are: silicon carbides: 1; selected clay: 0.1; flour: 0.35; compound lubrication oil and distillated lubrication oil (two kinds of grease): 0.05 and water: 0.35. The grain sizes of the silicon carbides powders are 70 µm (220 meshes) and 36 µm (440 meshes) with the weight ratio of 1:3; the grain size of the clay is 12 µm (1200 meshes).

To put the flour and water together and mix them into milky liquid state and heating the milky liquid to the temperature around 65°C to 100°C to transform it into the viscous flour paste and then wait to be used;

To put the silicon carbides, clay and grease together and mix them in the mixer for one hour, and then add the above prepared flour paste to mix them together for one to three hours to form the mixture into compound pastes, wait to be used.

And then filter the compound pastes with a sieve of 100 µm (150 meshes). To extrude the filtered pastes through a die to get the green honeycomb ceramic substrate with the dimensions of 36x36x254 /mm³, the cell wall thickness is 0.6 mm, and cell density is 18.6 cells/cm² (120 cells/inch² (120 CPSI)).

After drying and plugging the pore alternatively, the green ceramic substrate will be sintered with the sintering speed of &lt; 3°C/min to the temperature of 800°C, lasting for 4 to 6 hours, and then raise the temperature to 1300°C, lasting for 1 to 4 hours and then cool down naturally to the ambient temperature to get the honeycomb ceramic particulates filtration substrate. The characteristics of the sintered substrate are in listed table 3 <tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 3. The sample size :</b> 36×36×254 mm³ model :MJK-3</title><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="114mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Composition of the product</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Sintered [(α-SiC) + (β-SiC) +Clay]</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">Real material density (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">3.65</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Cell wall density (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">1.48</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Apparent density of substrate (g/cm³)</entry><entry align="center">0.78</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Cells per cm²/thickness of cell wall in µm (Cells per square inch / thickness of cell wall in milli-inch (CPSI/Mil))</entry><entry align="center">18.6/606,6 (120/24)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Back pressure (mbar)</entry><entry align="center">&lt; 70-200</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Distribution of the pores µm</entry><entry align="center">1-50</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Through pore ratio</entry><entry align="center">&gt;30%</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Refractory temperature (°C)</entry><entry align="center">1500</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Normal use temperature (°C)</entry><entry align="center">-20∼1400</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 7

As illustrated in the <figref idref="f0001">figure 1 to 3</figref>: <ol id="ol0005" ol-style=""><li>(1) Take the any kind of the particulates filtration substrate according to the examples 1 to 6 to be a component parts;</li><li>(2) Put the adhesive agent on the side faces of the substrates. The adhesive agent is composed as the following weight portion: silicon carbides: 1; clay: 0.2; water glass: 0.06; the thickness of the adhesive agent is about 1 mm; and then to adhere the parts together to form the different geometry shapes such as parallelepiped with a square section, parallelepiped with rectangle section, round or elliptic cylinder to get the semi-finished particulates fitter;</li><li>(3) Brush the side surface of the semi-finished filter with the adhesive agent. After the drying treatment, the particulates filter is obtained.</li></ol>

Example 8

<ol id="ol0006" ol-style=""><li>(1) Take the any kind of the particulates filtration substrate according to any of the examples 1 to 6 to be a component parts;</li><li>(2) Put the adhesive agent on the side faces of the substrates. The adhesive agent is composed as the following weight portion: silicon carbides: 1; clay: 1; water glass: 0.35; the thickness of the adhesive agent is about 3 mm; and then to adhere the parts together to form the different geometry shapes such as parallelepiped with a square section, parallelepiped with rectangle section, round or elliptic cylinder to get the semi-finished particulates filter;</li><li>(3) To brush the side surface of the semi-finished filter with the adhesive agent. After the drying treatment, the particulates filter is obtained.</li></ol>

Example 9

As illustrated in the <figref idref="f0002">figure 4</figref>, pack the particulates filter 2 in example 7 and example 8 with the thermal isolate layer 1, welt and canned in a stainless steel envelope 3, welding the enveloped filter with the inlet of gas 4 and outlet of gas 5 together to produce the exhaust gases particulates filtration system. This kind of particulates filtration system can be applied in the fields of the filtration of the diesel exhaust particulates in the after-treatment.