Active noise reduction device

TECHNICAL FIELD

0001The present invention relates to an active noise reducing device that introduces signals of opposite phase and equal in amplitude to unpleasant muffled sound generated in a vehicle interior by a vehicle engine so that the introduced signals can interfere with the muffled sound, thereby reducing the unpleasant muffled sound.

BACKGROUND ART

0002A conventional active noise reducing device, well suited particularly for vehicles, employs an adaptation feed-forward control method using an adaptive notch filter for reducing unpleasant muffled engine sound generated in a vehicle interior accompanying the driving of an engine. This conventional device includes a residual signal detector having a microphone rigidly mounted in the interior, a secondary noise generator having a speaker rigidly mounted also in the interior. The secondary noise generator placed permanently at the same location as the residual signal detector is combined with the detector in order to reduce the subject noise collected at the location of the detector. This prior art is disclosed in, e.g. Unexamined <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="JP2000099037A"><text>Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000 - 99037</text></patcit>.

0003However, in the environment of a limited space of the interior, deep dips or sharp peaks sometimes occur in the gain characteristics of transmission from the secondary noise generator including the speaker to the residual signal detector including the microphone. These dips and peaks are caused by interference or reflection of sound-wave in the small interior space, and they are generated regardless of the locations of the residual signal detector and the secondary noise generator. The active noise reducing device in accordance with the prior art employs the secondary noise generator placed permanently at the same place as the residual signal detector for reducing the subject noise detected at the place of the residual signal detector. Thus there is great possibility that dips and peaks occur in the gain characteristics of the transmission from the secondary noise generator to the residual signal detector within the frequency band to which the noise reduction control is desirably applied. Within the frequency band where the dips and peaks occur, the transmission phase characteristics also changes sharply and the occurrence frequency per se has a great dispersion. The noise reduction control to be carried out in such a frequency band tends to invite unstable operation of the adaptive filter, so that ideal noise-reduction effect cannot be expected. In the worst case, the adaptive filter falls in divergent state and generates abnormal sound. On top of that, in such a frequency band, the secondary noise generated by the secondary noise generator is hard to reach to the residual signal detector, so that an output from the active noise reducing device increases and the secondary noise generator produces distorted sound.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

0004The present invention addresses the foregoing problems, and aims to provide an active noise reducing device that can operate steadily and produce ideal noise reduction effect at the frequency which needs the noise reduction, and in the case where dips/peaks occur in the gain characteristics of the transmission from secondary noise generators including speakers to a residual signal detector including a microphone. The active noise reducing device of the present invention also can suppress the occurrence of abnormal sound due to divergence or distorted sound due to excessive output in the foregoing state.

0005The active noise reducing device of the present invention comprises the following elements: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>a cosine wave generator for generating a cosine wave signal synchronized with a frequency of actual;</li><li>a sine wave generator for generating a sine wave signal synchronized with the frequency of the noise;</li><li>a first one-tap adaptive filter for receiving a reference cosine wave signal output from the cosine wave generator;</li><li>a second one-tap adaptive filter for receiving a reference sine wave signal output from the sine wave generator;</li><li>an adder for adding the output signal from the first one-tap adaptive filter to the output signal from the second one-tap adaptive filter;</li><li>a plurality of secondary noise generators for generating secondary noises by using output signals from the adder;</li><li>a switcher placed between the adder and the plurality of secondary noise generators for selectively switching one of the plurality of secondary noise generators over to another one;</li><li>a residual signal detector for detecting a residual signal produced by interference between the secondary noises and the noise, which secondary noises are generated by the secondary noise generator selected by the switcher;</li><li>a simulated signal generator, including a plurality of correction values simulating the transmission characteristics from the plurality of the secondary noise generators to the residual signal detector, for outputting a simulated cosine wave signal and a simulated sine wave signal, both corrected with the correction value between the secondary noise generator, which receives the reference cosine wave signal and the reference sine wave signal and is selected by the switcher, and the residual signal detector; and</li><li>a coefficient updating section for updating respective filter coefficients of the first one-tap adaptive filter and the second one-tap adaptive filter so that the noises at the residual signal detector can be minimized by the respective output signals from the residual signal detector and the simulated signal generator.</li></ul>

0006The foregoing structure allows the active noise reducing device to work steadily at the frequency which needs the noise reduction and in the case where dips/peaks occur in the gain characteristics of the transmission from the secondary noise generators including speakers to the residual signal detector including the microphone. In the foregoing state, the active noise reducing device also suppresses the occurrence of abnormal sound due to divergence and distorted sound due to excessive output, so that ideal noise reduction effect can be obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

0007<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows a block diagram illustrating a structure of an active noise reducing device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> shows a gain characteristic of the transmission from a first speaker to a microphone of the active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> shows a phase characteristics of the transmission from the first speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> shows a gain characteristic of the transmission from a second speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> shows a block diagram illustrating a structure of an active noise reducing device in accordance with a second or a third embodiment of the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 6</figref> shows both of the transmission gain characteristics shown in <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> and <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> simultaneously.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> shows both of the two transmission gain characteristics simultaneously, namely, gain characteristics of the transmission from the first speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> in accordance with the second embodiment, and that from the second speaker to the microphone.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref> shows a gain characteristic of the transmission from a first speaker to a microphone of the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> together with a gain characteristics of the transmission from a second speaker to a microphone of the same device in accordance with the third embodiment.</li></ul>

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE MARKS

0008<dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>1</dt><dd>engine</dd><dt>3</dt><dd>cosine wave generator</dd><dt>4</dt><dd>sine wave generator</dd><dt>5</dt><dd>adaptive notch filter</dd><dt>6</dt><dd>first one-tap adaptive filter</dd><dt>7</dt><dd>second one-tap adaptive filter</dd><dt>8, 16, 17, 22, 23</dt><dd>adder</dd><dt>9</dt><dd>output switcher (switcher)</dd><dt>10</dt><dd>multiplier</dd><dt>12, 13, 14, 15</dt><dd>transmission element as a first corrected value (simulated signal generator)</dd><dt>18, 19, 20, 21</dt><dd>transmission element as a second corrected value (simulated signal generator)</dd><dt>24</dt><dd>simulated signal selector</dd><dt>25, 26</dt><dd>adaptive control algorithm calculator (coefficient updater)</dd><dt>27</dt><dd>discrete signal processor</dd><dt>28</dt><dd>first power amplifier (secondary noise generator)</dd><dt>29</dt><dd>second power amplifier (secondary noise generator)</dd><dt>30</dt><dd>first speaker (secondary noise generator)</dd><dt>31</dt><dd>second speaker (secondary noise generator)</dd><dt>32</dt><dd>microphone (residual signal detector)</dd></dl>

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

0009Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are demonstrated hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The demonstration is done in this way: the active noise reducing device of the present invention is mounted to a vehicle such as a car, and vibration of the engine causes to produce unpleasant noises in the interior, then the device reduces the noises.

Embodiment 1

0010<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows a block diagram illustrating a structure of an active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. In <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>, engine 1 forms a noise source, and discrete signal processor 27 such as a digital signal processor or a microprocessor generates signals, which cancel out the noise, by using software, thereby carrying out the noise reducing control.

0011This active noise reducing device works such that the device reduces the noise having conspicuous periodicity synchronized with the rpm of engine 1. The subject noise is similar to the noise generated by propagation of the exciting force produced by driving engine 1 through the car body. For instance, an engine of 4-cycle and 4-cylinder produces noise, called secondary component of the rotation, which noise has a frequency two times of the rpm of the engine and is the target of the control. This target noise is generated by a change in torque, and this change is produced by combustion of gas generated every 1/2 rotation of the engine crank. In other words, the exciting vibration generated from the engine produces the noise in the interior, and this noise has strong muffled impression, so that the noise makes people in the interior feel unpleasant.

0012An engine pulse synchronized with the rotation of engine 1 is supplied to waveform shaper 2, where noise superposed on the pulse is removed and the pulse wave is shaped. The engine pulse employs an output signal from a top-dead-end sensor or a tacho-pulse. In the case of using the tacho-pulse as the engine pulse, since the tacho-pulse is often available as an input signal to a tacho-meter equipped in the vehicle, it does not require a dedicated device to this purpose, so that use of the tacho-pulse will suppress the increase of the cost.

0013An output signal from waveform shaper 2 is supplied to frequency calculator 33, cosine wave generator 3, and sine wave generator 4. Frequency calculator 33 calculates, by using the rpm information of engine 1, a notch frequency to be damped (hereinafter referred to simply as "notch frequency"). Generators 3 and 4 generate a cosine wave and a sine wave as reference signals synchronized with the obtained notch frequency.

0014Cosine wave generator 3 outputs the reference cosine wave signal, which is multiplied by filter coefficient W0 of first one-tap adaptive filter 6 in adaptive notch filter 5. Since wave generator 4 outputs the reference sine wave signal, which is multiplied by filter coefficient W1 of second one-tap adaptive filter 7 in adaptive notch filter 5. Both of the output signals from filters 6 and 7 are added together by adder 8.

0015First power amplifier 28 and first speaker 30, second power amplifier 29 and second speaker 31 work as secondary noise generators which radiate the output signal from adder 8, i.e. the output signal from adaptive notch filter 5, as the secondary noise in the interior for canceling out the noise. First speaker 30 and second speaker 31 are placed in the interior at stationary spots. To be more specific in this case, first speaker 30 employs a front-door speaker equipped in advance to the vehicle for reproducing audio signals. Second speaker 31 employs a rear-tray speaker equipped also in advance to the vehicle for reproducing audio signals.

0016A conventional general-use active noise reducing device uses a speaker stationary positioned for generating secondary noises. This is already explained in the background art. Thus the active noise reducing control always employs either one of first speaker 30 or second speaker 31. The demonstration hereinafter uses first speaker 30 at all times for generating the secondary noise.

0017The secondary noise radiated from first speaker 30 interferes with the subject noise, thereby deadening the subject noise; however, the interference does not completely deaden the subject noise, and some residual signals still remain. The residual signals are detected by microphone 32 working as the residual signal detector, and they can be used as error signals "e" (n) in adaptive control algorithm for updating filter coefficients W0 and W1 of adaptive notch filter 5, where (n) is a natural number and indicates the number of repetition of the algorithm.

0018A simulated signal generator comprises transmission elements 12, 13, 14 and 15 working as first correction values, and adders 16, 17. This generator simulates the transmission characteristics from first power amplifier 28 to microphone 32 at the notch frequency. First, the reference cosine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 12, and the reference sine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 13. Then the outputs from elements 12 and 13 are added together by adder 16, thereby generating first simulated cosine wave signal "r0" (n), which is supplied to adaptive control algorithm calculator 25 and used in the adaptive control algorithm for updating filter coefficient W0 of first one-tap adaptive filter 6.

0019In a similar way, the reference sine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 14, and the reference cosine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 15. Then the outputs from elements 14 and 15 are added together by adder 17, thereby generating first simulated sine wave signal "r1" (n), which is supplied to adaptive control algorithm calculator 26 and used in the adaptive control algorithm for updating filter coefficient W1 of second one-tap adaptive filter 7.

0020Filter coefficients W0 and W1 of adaptive notch filter 5 are updated, in general, based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, a kind of steepest descent methods. At this time, filter coefficients W0 (n+1) and W1 (n+1) can be found by the following equations: <maths id="math0001" num="(1)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced></mrow></mrow></mrow></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0001.tif" /></maths><maths id="math0002" num="(2)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced></mrow></mrow></mrow></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0002.tif" /></maths> where "µ" is a step size parameter.

0021Coefficients W0 (n+1) and W1 (n+1) thus recursively converge into an optimum value such that error signal "e"(n) becomes smaller, i.e. the noise at microphone 32 decreases.

0022As discussed above, use of the speaker stationary positioned for the noise reducing control is effective when no level drop, no deep dips, or no sharp peaks are found in the gain characteristic of the transmission from the speaker (secondary noise generator) to the microphone (residual signal detector) at the frequency band to be controlled. However, in the environment of the vehicle interior where the active noise reducing device is actually used, numerous dips and peaks peculiar to the small interior exist in the transmission gain characteristics. These dips and peaks occur due to reflection and interference of sound waves generated in the interior.

0023<figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> shows a gain characteristic of transmission from the first speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. This is an example of the transmission gain characteristics in the vehicle interior, i.e. the gain characteristics of transmission from first speaker 30 placed at a front door as the secondary noise generator to microphone 32 placed at a map lamp near the front seat as the residual signal detector. <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> tells that below 35Hz shows a gain drop accompanying the output fall of first speaker 30 per se, and over 35Hz particularly at the band between 43Hz and 47Hz, a large dip occurs.

0024<figref idref="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> shows a phase characteristics of the transmission from the first speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> tells that a drastic change in the transmission phase characteristics occurs particularly at the band between 43Hz and 47Hz. The dip at this band occurs due to reflection and interference of sound waves generated in the interior. Subtle changes in the environment, where the active noise reducing device is actually used, greatly affect and vary the occurrence frequency. The subtle changes include aged deterioration in the characteristics of first speaker 30 or microphone 32, a change in the number of people in the vehicle, open/close of the windows. The variation in the occurrence frequency is accompanied by a great change in the transmission phase characteristics, thereby producing a greater deviation from the correction value of the simulated signal generator. As a result, adaptive notch filter 5 works unsteadily. In the worst case, people in the interior can hear abnormal sound due to divergence. On top of that, at a such frequency band, the secondary noise radiated from first speaker 30 is hard to reach to microphone 32, so that an output from the active noise reducing device becomes inevitably greater, and first speaker 30 thus generates distorted sound.

0025There is a need for ensuring steady operation of the adaptive notch filter and for suppressing abnormal operation such as divergence even if a level drop, dips or peaks are found in the gain characteristics of the transmission from the speaker working as the secondary noise generator to the microphone working as the residual signal detector.

0026The active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment includes a plurality of the secondary noise generators which radiate output signals from adaptive notch filter 5 as the secondary noises, and a switcher that selectively switches one of the plurality of the secondary noise generators over to another one. An appropriate switchover of the secondary noise generators allows suppressing the divergence of adaptive notch filter 5, and obtaining stable effect of noise reduction.

0027To obtain the foregoing effects, the active noise reducing device includes adder 8, and output switcher 9 placed between first power amplifier 28 and second power amplifier 29 both working as the secondary noise generator. Output switcher 9 selectively switches first speaker 30 over to/from second speaker 31 whichever radiates the output signal supplied from adaptive notch filter 5. Switcher 9 includes therein coefficient K of multiplier 10 and switchover frequency memory 11 storing the frequency (hereinafter referred to as a switchover frequency) at which first speaker 30 is switched to/from second speaker 31. Coefficient K of multiplier 10 is used as a multiplier to an output signal from adder 8, i.e. an input signal to switcher 9, and takes a value of "1" when switcher 9 is out of the switching operation described later. Switcher 9 always compares the present notch frequency calculated by frequency calculator 33 with the switchover frequency stored in memory 11, and selects one of first speaker 30 or second speaker 31 appropriately.

0028<figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> shows a gain characteristic of transmission from the second speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. This is another example of the transmission gain characteristics in the vehicle interior, namely, the gain characteristics of the transmission from second speaker 31 working as the secondary noise generator and placed at the rear tray to microphone 32 working as the error signal detector placed near the map lamp at the front seat. This the same as previously discussed. Comparison of <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> with <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> tells that no dips are found in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> at the band between 43Hz and 47Hz although they are found in <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref>, and in the band up to 65Hz second speaker 31 placed at the rear tray transmits greater sound to microphone 32 than first speaker 30 placed at the front door. Second speaker 31 is thus more useful for the noise reducing control than first speaker 30.

0029In the case of working this active noise reducing device within the frequency range from, e.g. 40Hz to 80Hz, first speaker 30 is used at the band ranging from not less than 40Hz to less than 43Hz, and second speaker 31 is used in the frequency band raging from not less than 43Hz to less than 60Hz, again first speaker 30 is used in the frequency band ranging from not less than 60Hz to not higher than 80Hz. This work-sharing of the speakers allows eliminating adverse influence of level drops or dips in the transmission gain characteristics all over the frequency band undergoing the noise reducing control. Switchover frequency memory 11 placed in output switcher 9 thus should store 43Hz and 60Hz as switchover frequencies, and it should also store which speaker is used at which frequency band.

0030For instance, in a stationary case where frequency calculator 33 calculates that a frequency of the present noise is 41Hz, output switcher 9 selects first speaker 30 based on the information supplied from frequency memory 11. At this time, coefficient "K" of multiplier 10 takes a value of "1". In the pre-stage to adaptive control algorithm calculators 25 and 26, simulated signal selector 24 is placed, which selects first simulated cosine wave signal "r0" (n) and first simulated sine wave signal "r1" (n) from first speaker 30 presently selected to microphone 32. Selector 24 is a switch for selecting, by using a switching signal supplied from switcher 9, the simulated cosine wave signal or the simulated sine wave signal which simulate the transmission characteristics from the speaker, which is switched over by switcher 9 and works as the secondary noise generator, to microphone 32.

0031Then assume that engine 1 increases its rpm, and the subject frequency changes to 50Hz. Switchover frequency memory 11 compares the stored switchover frequencies with the present frequency (50Hz) and determines to switch the speaker to second speaker 31, then starts the switching. However, a sudden switchover by output switcher 9 incurs abnormal sound like "bottu" from first speaker 30 that has been working as the secondary noise generator, or allows adaptive notch filter 5 to fall into unsteady control because filter 5 cannot follow the sudden change in the sound field.

0032To overcome the foregoing problem, when switchover frequency memory 11 determines the switchover of the speaker, memory 11 outputs a signal to adaptive algorithm calculators 25 and 26 for halting an adaptive calculation temporarily. Then the coefficient of multiplier 10 is approximated from the present value "1" to "0" step by step, so that the secondary noise radiated from first speaker 30 fades. After the coefficient reaches to "0", switcher 9 switches the speaker over to second speaker 31, and at the same time, the switch of simulated signal selector 24 outputs a switchover signal for switching the speaker over to second speaker 31. Then the coefficient of multiplier 10 is reset to "1" again, and the calculation of adaptive algorithm calculators 25, 26 is restarted.

0033A signal simulating the transmission characteristics from second speaker 31, which is selected by simulated signal selector 24 and used by adaptive algorithm calculators 25 and 26, to microphone 32 is described hereinafter.

0034The simulated signal generator comprises transmission elements 18, 19, 20, 21 working as second correction values, and adders 22, 23. Similar to the case using first speaker 30, this generator 24 simulates the transmission characteristics from second power amplifier 29 to microphone 32 at the notch frequency. First, the reference cosine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 18, and the reference sine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 19. Then the outputs from elements 18 and 19 are added together by adder 22, thereby generating second simulated cosine wave signal "r2" (n), which is supplied to adaptive control algorithm calculator 25 and used in the adaptive control algorithm for updating filter coefficient W0 of first one-tap adaptive filter 6.

0035In a similar way, the reference sine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 20, and the reference cosine wave signal is supplied to transmission element 21. Then the outputs from elements 20 and 21 are added together by adder 23, thereby generating second simulated sine wave signal "r3" (n), which is supplied to adaptive control algorithm calculator 26 and used in the adaptive control algorithm for updating filter coefficient W1 of second one-tap adaptive filter 7.

0036Filter coefficients W0 (n+1) and W1 (n+1) of adaptive notch filter 5 can be found similarly to equations (1) and (2), i.e. by the following equations: <maths id="math0003" num="(3)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced></mrow></mrow></mrow></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0003.tif" /></maths><maths id="math0004" num="(4)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">)</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced></mrow></mrow></mrow></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0004.tif" /></maths> where "µ" is a step size parameter.

0037Assume that the rpm of engine 1 increases to 70Hz, then switchover frequency memory 11 starts switching second speaker 31 presently used over to first speaker 30 again. The switchover procedure is similar to what is discussed above.

Embodiment 2

0038<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> shows a block diagram illustrating a structure of an active noise reducing device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention. Similar elements to those used in the first embodiment have the same reference marks, and the descriptions thereof are omitted here.

0039The first embodiment discussed previously employs the following method: The gain characteristics of transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32, and the gain characteristic of transmission from second speaker 31 to microphone 32 are measured in advance with measuring instruments, and based on the measurement, switchover frequency memory 11 placed in output switcher 9 stores in advance the switchover frequencies and the speakers to be used. In this second embodiment, the active noise reducing device per se determines the matters concerning the switchover.

0040<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> differs from <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> only in simulated transmission comparing section 34 which replaces switchover frequency memory 11. This change derives from this: while memory 11 stores in advance the frequencies to be switched and the speakers to be used at the switchover, in the second embodiment the active noise reducing device can determine by itself the speakers to be used one by one at a switchover. Operation of this simulated transmission comparing section 34 is specifically demonstrated hereinafter.

0041Frequency calculator 33 calculates a frequency of the subject noise, and every time the noise frequency changes, simulated transmission comparing section 34 calculates gain characteristics of the respective transmission characteristics, i.e. transmission characteristics from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 at the present frequency, an the one from second speaker 31 to microphone 32 at the present frequency. In those calculations comparing section 34 uses C0, C1 which are first correction values of transmission elements 12, 13, and these values simulate the transmission characteristics from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 at the present frequency. In the foregoing calculations, comparing section 34 also uses C2, C3 which are second correction values of transmission elements 18, 19, and these values simulate the transmission characteristics from second speaker 31 to microphone 32 at the present frequency. Gain characteristics of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 are referred to as G1, and that from second speaker 31 to microphone 32 is referred to as G2. Then G1 and G2 can be found by the following equations: <maths id="math0005" num="(5)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">20</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><msub><mi>log</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn></msub><mo>⁢</mo><mfenced><msqrt><mspace width="1em" /></msqrt><mo>⁢</mo><mfenced><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn></mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup></mfenced></mfenced><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi>dB</mi></mfenced></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0005.tif" /></maths><maths id="math0006" num="(6)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">20</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><msub><mi>log</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn></msub><mo>⁢</mo><mfenced><msqrt><mspace width="1em" /></msqrt><mo>⁢</mo><mfenced><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup></mfenced></mfenced><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi>dB</mi></mfenced></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0006.tif" /></maths>

0042Based on the values of G1 and G2, comparing section 34 selects the speaker to be used presently. To be more specific, the speaker that makes G1 or G2 maximum at the present frequency is selected. Because the speaker having a greater gain characteristics of the transmission from the speaker to the microphone can produce greater noise reduction effect in the active noise reducing control.

0043In the block diagram shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref>, since there are only two speakers, i.e. first speaker 30 and second speaker 31, the speaker making G1 or G2 maximum is equal to the speaker having the greater gain characteristics. However, in the case of three or more than three speakers ("n" speakers) being available, the speaker that makes one of "n" gain characteristics, namely, G1, G2, G3, ....., Gn, maximum is selected. The "n" gain characteristics can be found in a similar way to equations (5) and (6).

0044<figref idref="f0005">Fig. 6</figref> shows both of the transmission gain characteristics shown in <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> and <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> simultaneously. In <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 6</figref>, the gain characteristics shown in <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 is drawn with an alternate long and short dash line, and the gain characteristics shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 4</figref> of the transmission from second speaker 31 to microphone 32 is drawn with a solid line.

0045Similar to the first embodiment, assume that the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> works in the frequency range from 40Hz to 80Hz.

0046Assume that frequency calculator 33 calculates that the frequency of present noise is 45Hz, and this is a stationary status. Simulated characteristics comparing section 34 receives this calculation result, and then calculates G1, G2 by using the first correction values C0, C1 of transmission elements 12, 13 at 45Hz, which is the subject frequency to be controlled, as well as by using the second correction values C2, C3 of transmission elements 18, 19 at 45Hz. In this case, the calculation finds that G1 = -15 [dB], and G2 = -2 [dB]. The respective values agree with the values at 45Hz in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 6</figref>. Because C0, C1, C2, and C3 are found from the following equations based on the gain characteristics and the phase characteristics of the transmission from the speaker to the microphone. Both of the characteristics have been measured with measuring instruments in advance. To be more specific, the gain and the phase of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32, both of the gain and the phase are measured with the measuring instrument, are referred to as "Gain 1" and "Phase 1", and in a similar way, the gain and the phase of the transmission from second speaker 31 to microphone 32, both of which gain and phase are measured with the measuring instrument, are referred to as "Gain 2" and "Phase 2". Then the following equations are obtainable: <maths id="math0007" num="(7)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi>Gain</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi>sin</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced><mi>Phase</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mfenced></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0007.tif" /></maths><maths id="math0008" num="(8)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi>Gain</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi>sin</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced><mi>Phase</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mfenced></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0008.tif" /></maths><maths id="math0009" num="(9)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi>Gain</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi>sin</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced><mi>Phase</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mfenced></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0009.tif" /></maths><maths id="math0010" num="(10)"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi>Gain</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi>sin</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced><mi>Phase</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mfenced></math><img file="EP1906384A1_D0010.tif" /></maths> At the present frequency 45Hz to be controlled, simulated transmission comparing section 34 compares G1 with G2, and finds that G2 is greater (maximum), so that comparing section 34 determines second speaker 31 should be selected. Then the optimum speaker at this moment, namely, second speaker 31 is used for the active noise reducing control.

0047Every time the frequency of the subject noise changes, which frequency is calculated by frequency calculator 33, comparing section 34 do a similar calculation for selecting the speaker which produces the greatest transmission gain at the moment. After the selection of the presently optimum speaker, comparing section 34 will switch over the speaker in a similar way to what is discussed in the first embodiment.

0048First, a signal is sent to adaptive algorithm calculators 25 and 26 for halting temporarily an adaptive calculation. Then the coefficient of multiplier 10 is approximated from the present value "1" to "0" step by step, so that the secondary noise radiated from the speaker presently selected fades. After the coefficient reaches to "0", switcher 9 switches the speaker over to second speaker 31, and at the same time, the switch of simulated signal selector 24 outputs a switchover signal for switching the speaker over to another speaker newly selected. Then the coefficient of multiplier 10 is reset to "1" again, and the calculation of adaptive algorithm calculators 25, 26 is restarted. The foregoing operation allows preventing abnormal sound like "bottu" from occurring at an abrupt switchover of the speaker.

0049<figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> shows both of the two transmission gain characteristics simultaneously, namely, gain characteristics of transmission from the first speaker to the microphone of the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> in accordance with the second embodiment, and that from the second speaker to the microphone. As shown in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 6</figref>, within an operating frequency range of the active noise reducing device, when there is a distinct difference between the respective gain characteristics of transmission from the selectable speakers to the microphone, changes in the noise frequency do not cause frequent switchovers of the speakers, but the speaker keeps being selected.

0050However, as shown in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref>, when the respective gain characteristics exist in frequency ranges similar to each other, selection of the speaker producing the maximum gain invites frequent switchovers of the speakers, so that sufficient noise reduction effect cannot be expected. In such a case, the frequent switchovers should be prevented.

0051Thus every time the noise frequency calculated by frequency calculator 33 changes, simulated transmission comparing section 34 compares gain characteristics "G now" with maximum gain characteristics "G max", and comparing section 34 starts switching the speaker over to another speaker only when "G max" is greater than "G now" by a given threshold value. "G now" is defined as the gain characteristics of the transmission from the speaker presently selected at the present frequency to the microphone, and "G max" is defined as the maximum gain characteristics of transmission from all the speakers selectable at the present frequency to the microphone.

0052The gain characteristics shown in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> is taken as an example for the following specific demonstration, and it is assumed in this example that the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> works within the frequency range from 40Hz to 80Hz, and also assumed that the threshold value (the given value) of the difference between the respective gain characteristics for switching over the speaker is 6 [dB]. In <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref>, the alternate long and short dash line indicates the gain characteristics of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32, and the solid line indicates that from second speaker 31 to microphone 32.

0053When the present subject noise frequency stays steadily at 41Hz, Simulated characteristics comparing section 34 receives this calculation result from frequency calculator 33, and then calculates gains G5, G6 by using the first correction values C1, C2 of transmission elements 12, 13 at 41Hz, which is the subject frequency to be controlled, as well as by using the second correction values C3, C4 of transmission elements 18, 19 at 41Hz. In this case, the calculation finds G5 = -29 [dB], and G6 = -18 [dB]. The respective values agree with the values shown in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> as previously discussed. In this case, the difference between G5 and G6 is 11 [dB] which is greater than the threshold value 6 [dB] necessary for the switchover of the speaker, so that the active noise reducing device selects second speaker 31 for the active noise reduction.

0054Next, a case where the noise frequency increases to 53Hz is discussed. In this case, the same calculation finds G5 = -15 [dB], and G6 = -16 [dB]. Since G5 is greater than G6, it is preferable to switch second speaker 31 presently selected over to first speaker 30 from the viewpoint of noise reduction effect, however; the difference is only 1 [dB] between G5 and G6, so that the switchover can produce slight effect. Reviewing <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref> reveals that there is only small difference between G5 and G6 in the frequency range from 45Hz to 71Hz. Therefore it is desirable to prevent the control from falling into unstable condition due to frequent switchovers of the speaker within this frequency range rather than to consider the slight effect of noise reduction. The reason why the threshold value of the difference between the respective gain characteristics for switching over the speaker is set at 6 [dB] derives from this theory. At the present noise frequency, i.e. 53Hz, the difference between G5 and G6 is smaller than the threshold value, i.e. 6[dB], so that the active noise reducing device does not switch the speaker over to another one.

0055When the noise frequency further increases to 60Hz, yet second speaker 31 remains being selected due to the same reason. In the case of <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 7</figref>, when the noise frequency reaches to 76Hz, G5 becomes 2 [dB] and G6 becomes -4 [dB], so that the difference between G5 and G6 is 6 [dB] which is not less than the threshold value of 6 [dB]. The active noise reducing device thus switches second speaker 31 over to first speaker 30.

Embodiment 3

0056The third embodiment uses <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> as a block diagram of an active noise reducing device in accordance with the third embodiment as the second embodiment uses it. In the second embodiment previously discussed, the active noise reducing device selects the speaker by itself for the noise reduction. This third embodiment addresses a special case of the second embodiment, i.e. dips or peaks are generated in every gain characteristics of the transmission from all the selectable speakers to the microphone at the same frequency band.

0057<figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref> shows a gain characteristic of the transmission from a first speaker to a microphone of the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> together with a gain characteristics of the transmission from a second speaker to a microphone of the same device in accordance with the third embodiment. In <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref>, the gain characteristics from the first speaker to the microphone is drawn with an alternate long and short dash line, and that from the second speaker to the microphone is drawn with a solid line. This is the same as <figref idref="f0005">Figs. 6 and 7</figref>. Around 100Hz among others, both of the characteristics produce a deep dip at this frequency band. The band having such a dip encounters quick phase rotation, so that the control tends to become unstable. This anxiety is already discussed in the first embodiment. When the active noise reducing device selects the speaker by itself, the method described in the second embodiment cannot fully deal with the foregoing problem, i.e. the dips or peaks existing in the same frequency band. This third embodiment addresses the method of avoiding the foregoing problem.

0058In this embodiment, it is assumed that the active noise reducing device shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 5</figref> works in the frequency range from 70Hz to 120Hz. Frequency calculator 33 calculates that a present subject noise frequency is 90Hz. The device compares the gain characteristics (-17dB) of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 with the gain characteristics (-12dB) of the transmission from second speaker 31 to microphone 32, then the device selects second speaker 31 that gets the maximum value for the noise reduction. To simplify the description, a threshold value of the difference between the two gains is set at "0" (zero), and thus no consideration is needed for the threshold value.

0059Next, the case where the subject noise frequency changes to 95Hz is demonstrated hereinafter. In a similar way discussed above, the device compares the gain characteristics (-18dB) of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 with the gain characteristics (-15dB) of the transmission from second speaker 31 to microphone 32, then the simulated transmission comparing section 34 selects second speaker 31 as the first candidate to be used. However, this selected speaker is not used immediately, and a method described later searches the gain characteristics of the transmission from this selected speaker to the microphone for dips or peaks at this frequency band. When comparing section 34 determines that no dips or peaks are generated, the selected speaker is used for the active noise reduction. If comparing section 34 determines that dips or peaks are generated, the speaker selecting operation discussed previously is repeated for all the speakers except this selected one. This operation allows avoiding the use of the speaker that generates dips or peaks in the transmission gain characteristics at the subject frequency to be controlled, so that the active noise reducing operation becomes more stable.

0060The method of finding dips or peaks by comparing section 34 is described hereinafter. In this instance, frequency calculator 33 can calculate as fine as 1Hz as the minimum frequency resolution of noise, and it is assumed that the first correction values, i.e. transmission elements 12, 13, 14 and 15, and the second correction values, i.e. transmission elements 18, 19, 20 and 21 have values at every 1Hz. In this status, comparing section 34 firstly finds the transmission gain characteristics of second speaker 31 at 94Hz, namely, by 1Hz lower than the present subject frequency 95Hz. <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref> tells that this gain is -14 [dB]. Then comparing section 34 finds the gain characteristics of second speaker 31 at 96Hz, namely by 1Hz higher than the present subject frequency 95Hz. <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref> tells that this gain is -19 [dB].

0061Next, find respective absolute values of differences between the gain characteristics at two frequencies and that at the present frequency. When at least one of these two absolute values is not less than the threshold value for comparing section 34 to determine the presence of dips or peaks, it is determined that the selected speaker generates dips or peaks at this frequency band, so that the use of the selected speaker is halted. In this instance, assume that the threshold value for comparing section 34 to determine there are dips or peaks is 5 [dB]. Following the foregoing method, find an absolute value of the difference between the gain characteristics at 95Hz and 94Hz, and the result is 1 [dB], which is less than the threshold value. Then find an absolute value of the difference between the gain characteristics at 95Hz and 96Hz, and the result is 5 [dB], which is not less than the threshold value. Thus it is determined that the gain characteristics of the transmission from second speaker 31 selected at the first place to microphone 32 have a dip or peak at this frequency band.

0062Based on the preceding result, comparing section 34 repeats the operation similar to what is demonstrated above for all the speakers except second speaker 31. In this instance, since first speaker 1 only remains, there is no need to find which speaker produces the maximum gain; however, when two or more than two speakers remain, the operation should be repeated.

0063Now the operation similar to what is demonstrated above is repeated by using the gain characteristics of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32, the results can be read from <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref>, i.e. gain at 95Hz = -18.2 [dB], gain at 94Hz = -18.0 [dB], gain at 96Hz = -18.5 [dB]. Then find an absolute value of the difference between the gain at 95Hz and 94Hz, and the result is 0.2 [dB], which is less than the threshold value. In a similar way, an absolute value of the difference between 95Hz and 96Hz is 0.3 [dB], which is less than the threshold value. Comparing section 34 thus determines that the gain characteristics of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 has no dip or peak at this frequency band, thereby switching over the speaker for the active noise reduction. The procedure of this switchover of the speaker is similar to the ones demonstrated in the first and the second embodiments, so that the description thereof is omitted here.

0064Next, the case where the noise frequency increases up to 100Hz is demonstrated hereinafter. At 100Hz, first speaker 30 can obtain the max. gain characteristics of the transmission from the speaker to the microphone, and the gain is -30 [dB]. The gain characteristics of the transmission from first speaker 30 to microphone 32 can be read as -25 [dB] at 99Hz, and -35 [dB] at 101Hz. Thus an absolute value of the difference in the gain characteristics between 100Hz and 99Hz is 5 [dB], which is not less than the threshold value, and that between 100Hz and 101Hz is also 5 [dB], which is not less than the threshold value. Thus it is determined that the gain characteristic of the transmission from selected first speaker 30 to microphone 32 has a dip or peak at this frequency band.

0065Based on this result, comparing section 34 repeats the foregoing operation excluding first speaker 30 by using the gain characteristics of transmission from the second speaker 31 to microphone 32. The results can be read from <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 8</figref> as -33 [dB] at 100 Hz, -28 [dB] at 99Hz, and -28 [dB] at 101Hz. Thus an absolute value of the difference in the gain characteristics between 100Hz and 99Hz is 5 [dB], which is not less than the threshold value, and that between 100Hz and 101Hz is also 5 [dB], which is not less than the threshold value. Thus it is determined again that the gain characteristic of the transmission from second speaker 31 to microphone 32 has a dip or peak at this frequency band. This result tells that all the selectable speakers produce a dip or peak at this frequency band, so that the active noise reducing device stops the operation of the active noise reduction at this frequency band in order to ensure the control stability.

0066In the first through the third embodiments of the present invention, output switcher 9 of which process is handled by software is employed, however; it can be a mechanical switch or a switch formed of semiconductor such as transistors. In such a case, an adoption of the structure, where the speaker is appropriately switched over based on the information from switchover frequency memory 11 or simulated transmission gain characteristics comparing section 34, will produce an advantage similar to what is discussed previously.

0067The first through the third embodiments of the present invention show the method through which the switchover of the speaker is determined in response to the noise frequency calculated by frequency calculator 33; however the switchover can be determined directly based on engine pulses of engine 1. Because a frequency component of the subject noise is a harmonic frequency synchronized with the engine rotation.

0068In the first through the third embodiments of the present invention, two speakers are used as the secondary noise generators, however; the number of speakers can be three or more than three. In such a case, plural power amplifiers and simulated signal generators corresponding to the respective speakers are prepared, and one of the speakers is selected for an actual use, thereby obtaining an advantage similar to what is discussed in the embodiments.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

0069An active noise reducing device of the present invention switches a speaker over to another one both working as secondary noise generators for radiating an output from an adaptive notch filter as secondary noise, so that the device operates in a stable manner even when dips or peaks are produced in the gain characteristics of the transmission from the speaker to a microphone. The foregoing structure also suppresses the occurrence of a distorted sound due to an excessive input or an abnormal sound due to divergence, so that ideal noise reduction effect can be expected. The device is thus useful for cars.