Copper containing materials for treating wounds, burns and other skin conditions

0001The present invention relates to a wound-healing material for use in treating sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, abrasions, lesions and burns, incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds.

0002More particularly the present invention relates to wound-healing material for use as defined in claims 1-24 herein.

0003As will be described hereinafter with reference to the examples and the accompanying figures, it has now been surprisingly discovered that materials incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid can be used for the manufacture of a fabric, a film, a filament or a sheath to be brought into contact with a body surface having a wound such as a sore, a cold sore, a cutaneous opening, an ulceration, a lesion, including a vascular lesion and a mucosal lesion, an abrasion and a burn to effect the healing thereof.

0004More specifically, it has now been surprisingly found that the materials of the present invention are effective in healing ulcerative sores and/or lesions, such as those caused by diabetes, bed sores, burns, acne sores, herpes sores, and are also effective in the healing of sores associated with bacteria, fungus or virus such as eczema, psoriasis, herpes, etc.

0005In addition, the materials of the present invention can be used for treating nipple sores on nursing women and abrasion sores and lesions on the partial limbs of amputees. Pressure sores can also be treated with the materials of the present invention. Wounds and operational openings can be closed with suturing material made with the materials of the present invention and since the materials of the present invention have also been found to facilitate wound healing without scars as demonstrated e.g. in example 7 hereinafter, the suturing material of the present invention is especially useful in plastic surgery and other surgery in which esthetics are a factor.

0006In both <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="WO9806508A"><text>WO 98/06508</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="WO9806509A"><text>WO 98/06509</text></patcit> there are taught various aspects of a textile with a full or partial metal or metal oxide plating directly and securely bonded to the fibers thereof, wherein metal and metal oxides, including copper, are bonded to said fibers.

0007More specifically, in <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="WO9806509A"><text>WO 98/06509</text></patcit> there is provided a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a metallized textile, the metallized textile comprising: (i) a textile including fibers selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic cellulosic fibers, regenerated fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, vinyl fibers, and blends thereof, and (ii) a plating including materials selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides, the metallized textile characterized in that the plating is bonded directly to the fibers; and (b) incorporating the metallized textile in an article of manufacture.

0008In the context of said invention the term "textile" included fibers, whether natural (for example, cotton, silk, wool, and linen) or synthetic yarns spun from those fibers, and woven, knit, and non-woven fabrics made of those yarns. The scope of said invention included all natural fibers; and all synthetic fibers used in textile applications, including but not limited to synthetic cellulosic fibers (i.e., regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon, and cellulose derivative fibers such as acetate fibers), regenerated protein fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, and vinyl fibers, but excluding nylon and polyester fibers, and blends thereof.

0009Said invention comprised application to the products of an adaptation of technology used in the electrolyses plating of plastics, particularly printed circuit boards made of plastic, with metals. See, for example, <nplcit id="ncit0001" npl-type="b"><text>Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz, editor), Wiley and Sons, 1987, vol. IX, pp 580-598</text></nplcit>. As applied to textiles, this process included two steps. The first step was the activation of the textile by precipitating catalytic noble metal nucleation sites on the textile. This was done by first soaking the textile in a solution of a low-oxidation-state reductant cation, and then soaking the textile in a solution of noble metal cations, preferably a solution of Pd++ cations, most preferably an acidic PdCl₂ solution. The low-oxidation-state cation reduces the noble metal cations to the noble metals themselves, while being oxidized to a higher oxidation state. Preferably, the reductant cation is one that is soluble in both the initial low oxidation state and the final high oxidation state, for example Sn++, which is oxidized to Sn++++, or Ti+++, which is oxidized to Ti++++.

0010The second step was the reduction, in close proximity to the activated textile, of a metal cation whose reduction was catalyzed by a noble metal. The reducing agents used to reduce the cations typically were molecular species, for example, formaldehyde in the case of Cu++. Because the reducing agents were oxidized, the metal cations are termed "oxidant cations" herein. The metallized textiles thus produced were characterized in that their metal plating was bonded directly to the textile fibers.

0011In <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="WO9806508A"><text>WO 98/06508</text></patcit> there is described and claimed a composition of matter comprising: <ol id="ol0001" compact="compact"><li>(a) a textile including fibers selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic cellulosic fibers, regenerated protein fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, vinyl fibers, and blends thereof; and</li><li>(b) a plating including materials selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides;</li></ol> the composition of matter characterized in that said plating is bonded directly to said fibers.

0012Said publication also claims a composition of matter comprising: <ol id="ol0002" compact="compact"><li>(a) a textile including fibers selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic cellulosic fibers, regenerated protein fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, vinyl fibers, and blends thereof; and</li><li>(b) a plurality of nucleation sites, each of said nucleation sites including at least one noble metal;</li></ol> the composition of matter characterized by catalyzing the reduction of at least one metallic cationic species to a reduced metal, thereby plating said fibers with said reduced metal.

0013In addition, said publication teaches and claims processes for producing said products.

0014A preferred process for preparing a metallized textile according to said publication comprises the steps of: <ol id="ol0003" compact="compact"><li>a) selecting a textile, in a form selected from the group consisting of yarn and fabric, said textile including fibers selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic cellulosic fibers, regenerated protein fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, vinyl fibers, and blends thereof;</li><li>b) soaking said textile in a solution containing at least one reductant cationic species having at least two positive oxidation states, said at least one cationic species being in a lower of said at least two positive oxidation states;</li><li>c) soaking said textile in a solution containing at least one noble metal cationic species, thereby producing an activated textile; and</li><li>d) reducing at least one oxidant cationic species in a medium in contact with said activated textile, thereby producing a metallized textile.</li></ol>

0015Said publications, however, were limited to coated fibers and textiles prepared according to said processes for the uses described therein, however said publications did not teach or suggest that such coated fibers and textiles could be effective for treating and healing sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns as described and exemplified herein.

0016Similarly said publications did not teach or suggest the possibility of incorporating cationic copper into a polymeric slurry of a hydrophobic polymer whereby there are produced films and fibers having microscopic particles of cationic copper encapsulated therein and protruding there from which have now also been surprisingly discovered as being effective for treating and healing sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns as described and exemplified herein.

0017According to the description in <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US20040224005A"><text>US 2004/0224005</text></patcit> (<patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="WO0174166A"><text>WO 01/74166</text></patcit>), it was discovered that by adding a small percentage of Cu++ in the form of water insoluble copper oxide particles to the slurry of a polymer to be formed, the resulting polymer possessed antimicrobial properties.

0018Furthermore it was surprisingly discovered and described therein that by adding copper oxide in particle form into a polymeric slurry of such polymers as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyesters and similar hydrophobic or hydrophilic polymeric materials it is possible to extrude fibers, yarns or sheets which possess both antimicrobial and antiviral properties which have a multiplicity of uses. Among the uses contemplated for the novel antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric materials described in said specification was their use in a backing for a carpet, which could even be used in a hospital setting since it would not develop mold, smell, and would inactivate any viruses settling thereon; the use as a component of a molded non-woven product such as an air filter in a hospital or airplane or a mask which could be made air permeable or liquid permeable and be used to filter fluids flowing there through and to inactivate bacteria and viruses found in said fluids; formation into a continuous, flat, textured or stretched form which could be used in articles of clothing such as stockings, socks, shirts or any article of clothing that would incorporate a hydrophobic polymeric fiber or yarn; formation of a short staple fiber which could be then used as is or blended with other fibers such as cotton, which blended yarns could then be used for the manufacture of a variety of both knit and woven products such as socks, sheets, etc.; and use of such polymeric materials, manufactured in the form of a bi-component yarn in which the core is one compound and the sheath around the core is a polymer containing the water insoluble copper oxide particles creating a yarn with a multitude of end uses in either a continuous, flat, textured, stretched form or as a short staple. An example of said latter use would be the use of a polyethylene core with a polymeric sheath incorporating said water insoluble copper oxide particles to form a yarn with an increased resistance to being cut or ripped while also being both antimicrobial and antiviral and having a multiplicity of uses including in the food preparation industry.

0019Said material was described as being made from almost any synthetic polymer, which will allow the introduction of an cationic, copper oxide particles into its liquid slurry state. Examples of some materials are polyamides (nylon), polyester, acrylic, and polyalkylenes such as polyethylene and polypropylene, When the copper oxide dust is ground down to fine powder, e.g., a size of between 1 and 10 microns and introduced into the slurry in small quantities, e. g., in an amount of between 0.25 and 10% of the polymer weight, in a master batch as is the accepted practice for manufacturing extruded fibers and films it was found that the subsequent product produced from this slurry exhibited both antimicrobial and antiviral properties.

0020Unlike the fibers described, e. g. in <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="WO9806508A"><text>WO 98/06508</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="WO9806509A"><text>WO 98/06509</text></patcit>, in which the fibers are coated on the outside, in said product the polymer has microscopic water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof. These exposed particles which protrude from the surface of the polymeric material have been shown to be active, as demonstrated by the tests set forth in said specification.

0021Said US specification, however, also did not teach or suggest that the polymeric materials described therein are effective for treating and healing sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns as described and exemplified herein.

0022In general, the products of said specification and also products which can be used in the present invention are produced as follows: <ol id="ol0004" compact="compact"><li>1. A slurry is prepared from any polymer, the chief raw material preferably being selected from a polyamide, a polyalkylene, a polyurethane and a polyester. Combinations of more than one of said materials can also be used provided they are compatible or adjusted for compatibility. The polymeric raw materials are usually in bead form and can be mono-component, bi-component or multi-component in nature. The beads are heated to melting at a temperature which preferably will range from about 120 to 180 °C.</li><li>2. At the hot mixing stage, before extrusion, a water insoluble powder of cationic copper oxide is added to the slurry and allowed to spread through the heated slurry The particulate size will be preferably between 1 and 10 microns, however can be larger when the film or fiber thickness can accommodate larger particles.</li><li>3. The liquid slurry is then pushed with pressure through holes in a series of metal plates formed into a circle or other desired shape called a spinneret. As the slurry is pushed through the fine holes that are close together, they form single fibers or if allowed to contact one another, they form a film or sheath. The hot liquid fiber or film is pushed upward with cold air forming a continuous series of fibers or a circular sheet. The thickness of the fibers or sheet is controlled by the size of the holes and speed at which the slurry is pushed through the holes and upward by the cooling air flow.</li></ol>

0023In <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="WO9415463A"><text>WO 94/15463</text></patcit> there are described antimicrobial compositions comprising an inorganic particle with a first coating providing antimicrobial properties and a second coating providing a protective function wherein said first coating can be silver or copper or compounds of silver, copper and zinc and preferred are compounds containing silver and copper (II) oxide. Said patent, however, is based on the complicated and expensive process involving the coating of the metallic compositions with a secondary protective coating selected from silica, silicates, borosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina, aluminum phosphate, or mixtures thereof and in fact all the claims are directed to compositions having successive coatings including silica, hydrous alumina and dioctyl azelate.

0024In contradistinction, the present invention is inter alia directed to the use of a polymeric material, having microscopic water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide in powder form, which release Cu⁺⁺ encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which is neither taught nor suggested by said publication and which has the advantage that the exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble particles which protrude from the polymeric material have been proven to be effective in open wound healing.

0025In <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="EP427858A"><text>EP 427858</text></patcit> there is described an antibacterial composition characterized in that inorganic fine particles are coated with an antibacterial metal and/or antibacterial metal compound and said patent does not teach or suggest a polymer that incorporates microscopic water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide in powder form, which release Cu⁺⁺ encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof.

0026In <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="DE4403016"><text>DE 4403016</text></patcit> there is described a bactericidal and fungicidal composition utilizing copper as opposed to ionic Cu⁺⁺ and said patent also does not teach or suggest a polymer that incorporates microscopic water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide in powder form, which release Cu⁺⁺ encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof.

0027In <patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="JP1046465A"><text>JP-01 046465</text></patcit> there is described a condom releasing sterilizing ions utilizing metals selected from copper, silver, mercury and their alloys which metals have a sterilizing and sperm killing effect, wherein the metal is preferably finely powdered copper. While copper salts such as copper chloride, copper sulfate and copper nitrate are also mentioned, as is known, these are water soluble salts which will dissolve and break down the polymer in which they are introduced. Similarly, while cuprous oxide is specifically mentioned, this is a Cu⁺ ionic form, and therefore said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble particles which protrude from the polymeric material and which have been proven to be effective in open wound healing.

0028In <patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="JP1246204A"><text>JP-01 246204</text></patcit> there is described an antimicrobial molded article in which a mixture of a powdery copper compound and organic polysiloxane are dispersed into a thermoplastic molded article for the preparation of cloth, socks, etc. Said patent specifically states and teaches that metal ions cannot be introduced by themselves into a polymer molecule and requires the inclusion of organopolysiloxane which is also intended to provide a connecting path for the release of copper ions to the fiber surface. Thus, as will be realized said copper compound will be encapsulated and said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles that protrude from the polymeric material.

0029In <patcit id="pcit0014" dnum="JP3113011A"><text>JP-03 113011</text></patcit> there is described a fiber having good antifungal and hygienic action preferably for producing underwear wherein said synthetic fiber contains copper or a copper compound in combination with germanium or a compound thereof, however, said patent teaches and requires the presence of a major portion of germanium and the copper compounds disclose therein are preferably metallic copper, cuprous iodide which is a monovalent Cu⁺ compound and water soluble copper salts. Thus, said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles wh ich protrude from the polymeric material.

0030In <patcit id="pcit0015" dnum="EP116865A"><text>EP 116865</text></patcit> there is described and claimed a polymer article containing zeolite particles at least part of which retain at least one metal ion having a bacterial property and thus said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles, by themselves and in the absence of a zeolite, which particles protrude from the polymeric material and which have been proven to be effective in open wound healing.

0031In <patcit id="pcit0016" dnum="EP253653A"><text>EP 253653</text></patcit> there is described and claimed a polymer containing amorphous aluminosilicate particles comprising an organic polymer and amorphous aluminosilicate solid particles or amorphous aluminosilicate solid particles treated with a coating agent, at least some of said amorphous aluminosilicate solid particles holding metal ions having a bactericidal actions. Thus, said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles, by themselves and in the absence of amorphous aluminosilicate particles, which exposed Cu⁺⁺ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles, protrude from the polymeric material and which have been proven to be effective in open wound healing.

0032In <patcit id="pcit0017" dnum="GB2092006A"><text>GB-A-2 092 006</text></patcit> is described a copper-coated ganze for use as a germicide (bacteriocide) in a wound dressing.

0033Thus none of said publications teach or suggest the use of water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a fabric or an extruded film, filament or sheath to be brought in contact with a body surface having sores, abrasions, ulcerations, lesions, cutaneous openings and burns for the treatment and healing thereof.

0034Thus, one preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a bandage for the treatment of sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0035In preferred embodiments of said aspect of the invention, said bandage is formed of a gauze material having said copper compounds incorporated therein.

0036A second preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a polymeric film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a bandage for the treatment of sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0037In preferred embodiments of said second aspect of the present invention, said fibers are polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof.

0038In other preferred embodiments of said aspect of the present invention said fibers are coated with said copper compounds

0039A third preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of patient attire for hospital and health care facilities, such as nursing homes, senior citizen residences, chronic care facilities, rehabilitation centers, and hospices to prevent the formation of bed sores and to treat such sores if formed.

0040As is known, in patients such as invalids and chronically ill and elderly patients who are confined to a bed or a wheel chair for extensive periods of time, pressure sores and bed sores often lead to life-threatening complications.

0041Thus according to the present invention, by providing a garment such as pajamas, nightgowns and underwear incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, at least in the area of the garment which lies adjacent to the buttock area of the patient, one can prevent or immediately effect healing of such sores at their inception.

0042More specifically this aspect of the present invention also relates to the use of water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a garment selected from the group consisting of pajamas, nightgowns and underwear for patient attire for hospital and health care facilities, said garment having a panel including water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid incorporated at least in the area of the garment which lies adjacent to the buttocks area of a patient for the prevention and healing of bed and pressure sores.

0043As will be realized materials of the present invention can also be incorporated in other areas of garments to be positioned adjacent to other areas of the body which are prone to suffer from the formation of pressure sores.

0044Also in this third aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds

0045A fourth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a polymeric film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with e portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a protective sheath for a body limb for the treatment of sores forming thereon.

0046A fifth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluids for the manufacture of a protective sheath for a body limb for the treatment of sores forming thereon.

0047Also in this fifth aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0048A sixth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a dressing for the treatment of sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0049Also in this sixth aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0050A seventh preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a polymeric film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a dressing for the treatment of sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0051An eighth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of underpants for men for treating the outbreak of male genital herpes sores.

0052Also in this eighth aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0053A ninth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of bras and nursing pads for nursing mothers for the treatment of nipple sores.

0054Also in this ninth aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0055A tenth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a dressing for the treatment of acne sores.

0056Also in this tenth aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0057In especially preferred embodiment of this tenth aspect of the present invention, said fibers are incorporated into the pad of a padded adhesive bandage.

0058An eleventh preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a fabric to be brought in contact with a body surface affected by psoriasis for the treatment thereof.

0059Also in this eleventh aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0060A twelfth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a fabric to be brought in contact with a body surface affected by eczema for the treatment thereof.

0061Also in this twelfth aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0062A thirteenth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, for the manufacture of a fabric to be brought in contact with a body surface having sores, abrasions and burns for the treatment and healing thereof.

0063A fourteenth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, for the manufacture of a suturing material.

0064A fifteenth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of polymeric filament having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a suturing material.

0065A sixteenth preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the use of water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a wound-healing fabric to be used in a military uniform or article of inner or outer clothing, said fabric including fibers which upon entry into a wound of a military personnel sustaining a wound while wearing the same, achieves both an anti-bacterial effect and a healing effect on said wound.

0066A preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention relates to the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for the manufacture of a military uniform or article of inner or outer clothing, which fibers upon entry into a wound of a military personnel sustaining a wound while wearing the same, achieves both an anti-bacterial effect and a healing effect on said wound.

0067Also in this aspect of the present invention said fibers are preferably polymeric fibers having said compounds incorporated therein and protruding from the surfaces thereof or said fibers are coated with said copper compounds.

0068As is known a problem that has existed for the military is that when military personnel are wounded, e.g. by projectiles, shrapnel, and explosions, often fibers from the uniforms or articles of inner or outer clothing that they are wearing are driven into the wounds that are created and can themselves be a source of infection. Thus, the above aspect of the present invention addresses this problem by providing military personnel with uniforms and articles of inner or outer clothing that, in the unfortunate event that the wearer thereof is wounded, not only will exert an anti-bacterial effect to prevent infection, but will also actively enhance the healing of the sustained wound.

0069A yet further use of the materials of the present invention is in the formation of the inner lining of a cast_.

0070The present invention may be useful in a method for treating sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns comprising applying thereto a polymeric material formed from a polymeric component selected from the group consisting of a polyamide, a polyester, an acrylic and a polyalkylene, said material being in the form of a fiber, a yam, a sheath, a filament, or a sheet, and having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a <u>fluid.</u>

0071In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention may be useful in a method for preventing the formation of diabetic granulation, lesions and ulcers comprising applying, a material incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, to an area to be protected.

0072The present invention may be useful in a method for preventing the formation of diabetic granulation, lesion s and ulcers comprising applying a polymeric material formed from a polymeric component selected from the group consisting of a polyamide, a polyester, an acrylic and a polyalkylene, said material being in the form of a fiber, a yarn, a sheath, a filament, or a sheet, and having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, to an area to be protected.

0073In especially preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention, said material is a fabric having fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0074As stated, the present invention relates to a use for treating and healing sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns comprising applying to a body surface exhibiting the same, a material incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid to effect the treatment and healing thereof.

0075In a first preferred embodiment said sore is an ulcerative sore.

0076In a second preferred embodiment said sore is a bed sore.

0077In an especially preferred embodiment said sore is an ulcerative sore caused by diabetes.

0078In yet another preferred embodiment said lesion is a vascular lesion.

0079In a further preferred embodiment said lesion is a mucosal lesion.

0080In a first group of preferred embodiments of the present invention said material is a fabric having fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0081In a second group of preferred embodiments said material is a polymeric film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0082In a third group of preferred embodiments of the present invention said material is a polymeric fiber having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0083In a fourth group of preferred embodiments of the present invention said material is a polymeric filament having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0084In a fifth group of preferred embodiments of the present invention said material is a polymeric sheath having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0085In a sixth group of preferred embodiments of the present invention, said material is a polymeric film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu+ ions, Cu++ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid wherein said film has the ability to disperse liquid through osmosis.

0086In a seventh group of preferred embodiments of the present invention, said material is a polymeric film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu+ ions, Cu++ ions or a combination thereof upon contact with a fluid wherein said film has micro pores perforated throughout to allow for the escape of excess liquids.

0087As stated above, based on the surprising discovery of the present invention that a material incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof, upon contact with a fluid, can be used in a method for treating and healing sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns to effect the treatment and healing of affected surfaces by applying said material to such an affected body surface, it has now been realized that the present method is effective for treating many conditions.

0088Thus, the present invention may be useful in a method for treating an outbreak of male genital herpes sores comprising providing underpants having fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0089The present invention also may be useful in a method for treating acne sores comprising applying thereto a fabric having fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0090Similarly, the present invention may be useful in a method for treating nipple sores on nursing women comprising providing a bra or nursing pad having fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid.

0091In addition, the present invention may be useful in a method for treating burns, comprising providing a wound-healing fabric or an extruded wound-healing film, or filament incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid for application to said burn surface.

0092The polymeric materials for use in the present invention can be produced by preparing a slurry of a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyamide, a polyester, an acrylic and a polyalkylene, and mixtures thereof, introducing a powder consisting essentially of water insoluble cationic copper oxides and dispersing the same in said slurry and then extruding said slurry to form a polymeric material wherein water insoluble copper oxide particles that release Cu⁺⁺ are encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which polymeric material is then formed into a fiber, a yarn or a sheet to be manufactured into a fabric suitable to be brought in contact with a body surface having sores, abrasions and burns for the treatment and healing thereof.

0093In <patcit id="pcit0018" dnum="US6124221A"><text>US Patent 6,124,221</text></patcit> (<patcit id="pcit0019" dnum="WO0075415A"><text>WO 00/75415</text></patcit>) there is described and claimed an article of clothing having antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast properties, comprising at least a panel of a metallized textile, the textile including fibers selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic cellulosic fibers, regenerated protein fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, vinyl fibers, and blends thereof, and having a plating including an antibacterial, antifungal and antiyeast effective amount of at least one oxidant cationic species of copper.

0094In said specification there was described that said article of clothing was effective against <i>Tinea Pedis,</i> against <i>Candida Albicans,</i> against <i>Thrush</i> and against bacteria causing foot odor, selected from the group of <i>brevubacterium, acinetobacter,</i> micrococcus and combinations thereof, however said patent did not teach or suggest that such an article of clothing were intended for use or would be effective in the treatment of wounds such as sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0095In <patcit id="pcit0020" dnum="WO0181671A"><text>WO 01/81671</text></patcit> there is described that textile fabrics incorporating fibers coated with a cationic form of copper are also effective for the inactivation of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and said cationic species of copper preferably comprises Cu⁺⁺ ions, however, also in this specification, the textile fabrics were described for use in treating a hospital environment to prevent the spread of infection by the inactivation of such bacteria excreted by an infected patient and said specification did not teach or suggest that an article of clothing formed from such a textile fabric would be effective in the treatment of wounds such as sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0096In <patcit id="pcit0021" dnum="WO0174166A"><text>WO 01/74166</text></patcit> there is described and claimed the use of particles which release Cu⁺⁺ for the preparation of a polymeric material having microscopic particles which release Cu⁺⁺ encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, said polymeric material being effective to inhibit HIV-1 proliferation, however, said publication was limited to the teaching of the use of such polymeric materials for the preparation of condoms and possibly gloves and the inventor thereof did not realize at said time and said publication does not teach or suggest the present inventive concept of providing an article of clothing which would be effective in the treatment of wounds such as sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions and burns.

0097In <patcit id="pcit0022" dnum="US5848592A"><text>US Patent 5848592</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0023" dnum="US5492882A"><text>US Patent 5492882</text></patcit> , French patent <patcit id="pcit0024" dnum="FR2764518"><text>2764518</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0025" dnum="GB1382820A"><text>British Patent 1382820</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0026" dnum="US5217626A"><text>US Patent 5217626</text></patcit> there are variously disclosed air or water filters comprising copper metal, copper oxides, chloride, carbonate and sulfate against noxious vapors and gases and against bacteria and viruses. In the case of British Patent <patcit id="pcit0027" dnum="GB1382820A"><text>1382820</text></patcit> a gas filter is disclosed incorporating active carbon and/or an oxide or oxides of one or more metals of a high molecular weight in order to physically block and prevent the passage of bacteria. In the case of <patcit id="pcit0028" dnum="US5215626A"><text>US patent 5215626</text></patcit> a water filter is disclosed incorporating a mixture of a permanganate compound, a silver compound and a water-soluble copper compound such as copper chloride or copper sulfate.

0098None of said references however, teach or suggest the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, for the manufacture of a fabric to be brought in contact with a body surface having sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, abrasions, lesions and burns for the treatment and healing thereof.

0099DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 199031 Derwent Publications Ltd,. London, GB; Class BO4, An 1990-234808 XP002247181 &amp; <patcit id="pcit0029" dnum="JP2161954A"><text>JP 02 161954</text></patcit> and DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 198821 Derwent Publications Ltd,. London, GB; Class A88, An 1988-145060 XP002247182 &amp; <patcit id="pcit0030" dnum="JP631088007B"><text>JP 63 1088007</text></patcit> relate to hollow porous fibres and especially <patcit id="pcit0031" dnum="JP631088007B"><text>JP 631088007</text></patcit> discloses treating body fluids with cellulose bound copper ammonium however neither of said references teach or suggest the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, for the manufacture of a fabric to be brought in contact with a body surface having sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, abrasions, lesions and burns for the treatment and healing thereof.

0100As stated hereinbefore <patcit id="pcit0032" dnum="WO0174166A"><text>WO 01/74166</text></patcit> teaches and claims an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material, having microscopic particles which release Cu⁺⁺ encapsulated therein and protruding from surfaces thereof but does not teach or suggest the method of the present invention. Similarly <patcit id="pcit0033" dnum="WO0181671A"><text>WO 01/81671</text></patcit> teaches and claims a method for combating and preventing nosocomial infections, comprising providing to health care facilities textile fabrics incorporating fibers coated with a cationic form of copper, for use in patient contact and care, wherein said textile fabric is effective for the inactivation of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and also does not teach or suggest the use of fibers incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid, for the manufacture of a fabric to be brought in contact with a body surface having sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, abrasions, lesions and burns for the treatment and healing thereof.

0101Thus, none of the above publications teach or suggest the subject matter of the present invention.

0102In the use of the present invention the cationic species of copper must be exposed to a liquid medium to allow for atomic dispersion into the medium whether said medium is body fluid from an open wound, sore or burn, perspiration which acts as a carrier for said atomic dispersion, or a liquid or surfactant which is added to the fibers or fabric to facilitate the transfer of the ions to the site of the sore, abrasion or bum.

0103In order to form a wound-treating material of the present invention one would preferably take fibers having ionic copper selected from the group consisting of Cu⁺ and Cu⁺⁺ ions and include them in a substrate. In a woven substrate, the fibers would be blended with any other fiber and woven or knit into a substrate. In a non-woven configuration the fibers would be blended to form a thin layer. In both cases, a number of layers could preferably be placed one on top of the other to form a pad.

0104The ionic copper used in the present invention is prepared in a manner similar to that described in the earlier specifications referenced above with slight modifications as described hereinafter and is obtained through a redox reaction either on a substrate or alone in the liquid. The method of production is an adaptation of technology as used in the electroless plating of plastics, particularly printed circuit boards made of plastic, with metals. See, for example, <nplcit id="ncit0002" npl-type="b"><text>Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz, editor), Wiley and Sons, 1987, vol. IX, pp 580-598</text></nplcit>. As applied to fibers or fabrics or membranes, this process includes two steps. The first step is the activation of the substrate by precipitating a catalytic noble metal nucleation sites on the substrate surface. This is done by first soaking the substrate in a solution of a low-oxidation-state reductant cation, and then soaking the substrate in a solution of noble metals cations, preferably a solution of Pd++ cations, most preferable an acidic PdCl₂ solution. The low-oxidation-state cation reduces the noble metal cations to the noble metals themselves, while being oxidized to a higher oxidation state. Preferable, the reductant cation is one that is soluble in both the initial low oxidation state and the final high oxidation state, for example Sn++, which is oxidized to Sn++++, or Ti+++. which is oxidized to Ti++++.

0105The second step is the reduction, in close proximity to the activated substrate, of a metal cation whose reduction is catalyzed by a noble metal. The reducing agents used to reduce the cations typically are molecular species, for example, formaldehyde in the case of Cu++. Because the reducing agents are oxidized, the metal cations are termed "oxidant cations" herein. The metallized substrate thus produced is characterized in that their metal plating is bonded directly to the substrate.

0106Based on the process described above, it is also possible for someone familiar with the art to identify the oxidant states by their colors. When the substrate is allowed to float in a copper solution for reduction as described above, different colors are obtained on each side of the substrate. The topside of the substrate is the shiny bright copper (red/yellow) color characteristic of elemental copper - Cu. The bottom side of the fabric is a black color, which is characteristic of CuO. Any substrate located under the top substrate also shows a black shade on its upper side.

0107In the process described herein, changes are made to the process to allow the plating of a cellulose fiber or substrate with a different cation ic species of copper than elemental copper or copper oxide (CuO - black).

0108This form of electro-less plating process involves the reduction of a cationic form of copper from a copper solution such as copper sulfate or copper nitrate on to a prepared surface on fibers or a substrate. The fibers or substrate to be plated must first be soaked in a solution containing at least one reductant cationic species having at least two positive oxidation states, then at least one cationic species being in a lower of the at least two positive oxidation states. The fibers or substrate are then soaked in a solution containing at least one noble metal cationic species, thereby producing an activated surface.

0109The fibers are then exposed to at least one oxidant cationic species in a medium in contact with the activated surface. A reducing agent is then added and the copper reduces itself from the solution on to the surface of the fibers. Without the following changes, the fibers or substrate produced using this formula demonstrates an elemental copper coating on the fibers which are on the top of the fiber or substrate pack and black colored fibers below and throughout the fiber or substrate pack.

0110As stated hereinbefore, in order to obtain a surface that is effective for the treatment of sores, cold sores, cutaneous openings, ulcerations, lesions, abrasions , burns and skin conditions a cationic species of copper must be obtained. The effective compounds of copper must contain either a Cu (I) or Cu (II) species or both. To insure obtaining these species on cellulose, the Pd++ must be applied so that there is equal saturation of all fibers at the same time, e.g. by soaking and squeezing. If a large fiber pack is dropped into the Pd++ solution, the first fibers to hit the solution will absorb more of the Pd++ solution than other parts of the pack, which will upset the cationic copper deposition. In addition, the fibers must be washed between the first process involving the Sn++ and the second process, Pd++, in water. Residual Sn++ solution left between the fibers will cause a reduction of the Pd++ directly into the solution between the fibers and will allow only a random reduction of the Pd++ on the fibers which will again effect the deposition of the copper. While these two points may seem small, they have a direct effect on the plating.

0111In addition, a change is necessary in the application system of the copper solution to the process. A side effect of the reduction process on to the fibers is the creation of hydrogen. This hydrogen appears as bubbles on the surface of the fibers. The hydrogen forms as a result of the interaction in the copper solution with the Pd++ on the fiber surface. If the hydrogen is not removed, by methods known per se, such as squeezing, from the surface of the fibers immediately upon their formation, the fibers exposed to the air will be coated with an elemental copper. The fibers just below the surface of the elemental copper will be black copper oxide. If, however, the hydrogen is removed immediately with their formation of the bubbles, the desired cationic species is obtained throughout the fiber pack. The desired color will be a dark brown which is distinct from the copper metal color or the black copper oxide. A further indication of the cationic species is that the fibers will not conduct electricity.

0112This process yields both a Cu (I) and a Cu (II) species as part of copper oxide compounds. Analysis of residual copper oxide powder formed by this process has shown that formed on the surface are copper oxide compounds which are 70% Cu (I), and 30% Cu (II). These compounds have been proven to be a highly effective in the treatment of sores abrasions, burns and skin conditions. The activity of the copper takes advantage of the redox reaction of the cationic species with water and allows a switch between Cu(II) and Cu (I) when there is contact with water. Cu(I) is more effective than Cu(II) against HIV while Cu(II) is more stable than Cu(I).

0113In <patcit id="pcit0034" dnum="US20030198945A"><text>US 2003/0198945</text></patcit> (<patcit id="pcit0035" dnum="WO03086478A"><text>WO 03/086478</text></patcit>), there is described and claimed a device for the inactivation of a virus comprising a filtering material, said device having ionic copper selected from the group consisting of Cu⁺ and Cu⁺⁺ ions and combinations thereof incorporated therein.

0114In said specification there is described the plating of cellulose fibers using a copper solution which results in the formation of copper oxide on the surface of said fibers wherein the process used yields both a Cu(I) and a Cu(II) species as part of a copper oxide molecule. Said fibers were then incorporated into a filter which was found to be effective in the inactivation of HIV-1. Further tests with said filter revealed that this combination was also effective in the inactivation of West Nile fever virus and the neutralization of adenovirus and therefore it is believed that the antiviral hydrophilic polymeric materials of the present invention are also effective against such viruses since they work on the same mechanism.

0115While the mechanism of the hydrophilic polymeric materials used according to the present invention is not fully understood, in light of the results obtained, it is believed that when the polymeric material is brought into contact with a fluid aqueous medium, said medium leaches the cationic species of copper from within said polymer and as described in <patcit id="pcit0036" dnum="WO03086478A"><text>WO 03/086478</text></patcit> the antiviral activity takes advantage of the redox reaction of the cationic species with water and allows a switch between Cu (II) and Cu (I) when there is contact with water. Cu(I) is more effective than Cu(II) while Cu(II) is more stable than Cu(I). The Cu(II) compound will oxidize much more slowly than the Cu(I) compound and will increase the shelf life of the product.

0116As stated hereinbefore, the discovery of the present invention that materials incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ ions, Cu⁺⁺ ions or combinations thereof upon contact with a fluid are surprisingly effective in healing wounds and even healing open wounds including the astounding discovery that such material can bring about the healing of ulcerative sores caused by diabetes, vascular lesions and similar wounds which heretofore were considered to be difficult, if not impossible to heal, enables the production of an entire new line of products according to the present invention.

0117Thus the following is a description of some products and the protocols for their use: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Wound dressings: This can be in the form of a woven gauze or solid thin film. When in the form of gauze, the material is placed over the wound and taped or held in place as is common practice for the use of a non-treated sterile gauze. If a film is used, than the film is placed over the wound area and taped down around the sides to keep it in place. A film will preferably be used where there is an issue of fibers being caught or stuck to the wound as in burn injuries.</li><li>Hospital and Health Care Facility attire: This can be in the form of a textile made from either a cotton/polyester or cotton based fabric where a percentage (can vary from 3% to 10%) of the yarn is treated cellulose or where the fibers of the yarn are a polymer in either filament or staple form. The article can be knit such as a cast lining or sock or can be woven such as a head cover or other article of clothing such as pajamas and underwear. The article can be used with no additional creams or medicines such as anti-biotic or steroidal salves or medicines. Such attire is especially useful for chronic patients or other bed-ridden patients in order to prevent and/or heal pressure and bed sores.</li><li>Bandages: These can be provided with an adhesive backing to keep them in place and can have a treatment pad made from a gauze using either polymeric or cellulose treated fibers. In addition, in some cases a treated film can be added to replace the gauze.</li><li>Bras: This can be made knit from either a cellulose or polymeric fiber which can include the water soluble cationic copper oxide particles</li><li>Nursing pads: This can be made from a series of absorbent layers which can contain loose fibers of either a polymer or treated cellulose mixed therein.</li><li>Padded adhesive: In some cases the layer incorporating the water insoluble cationic copper oxide may not be the first layer. The treated layer of textile can be the second or later layer (depending on the thickness of the pad) and will still be effective as long as liquid arrives at the treated layer.</li><li>Male and female underwear: For most treatments a gusset knit from either a treated polyester or mixed treated cellulose yarn will suffice.</li><li>Sheath for burn: These will preferably be made from the new breathable polymers that allow for the wicking and dispersion of moisture through them which polymers have been produced with the water insoluble cationic copper oxide particles introduced into the extrusion process. The film can be placed directly on the burn area and will reduce condensation on the wound surface while having the desired effect of the cationic copper.</li></ul>

0118While the invention will now be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments in the following examples and with reference to the attached figures so that aspects thereof may be more fully understood and appreciated, it is not intended to limit the invention to these particular embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Thus, the following examples which include preferred embodiments, will serve to illustrate the practice of this invention, it being understood that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of formulation procedures, as well as of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention.

0119In the drawings: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">Figure 1a and Figure 1b </figref>are photographs of the top of a foot of a diabetic patient taken before and after treatment according to the present invention as described in example 3 hereinafter.</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Figure 2a and Figure 2b</figref> are photographs of the sole of the foot of said diabetic patient taken before and after treatment according to the present invention as described in example 3 hereinafter</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Figure 3a and Figure 3b</figref> are photographs of a lateral surface of the foot of a paraplegic patient taken before and after treatment according to the present invention as described in example 4 hereinafter.</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Figure 4a and Figure 4b</figref> are photographs of the sole of the foot of a different diabetic patient taken before and after treatment according to the present invention as described in example 5 hereinafter.</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Figure 5a and Figure 5b</figref> are photographs of a profile of a teenage patient suffering from acne taken before and after treatment according to the present invention as described in example 6 hereinafter.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">Figure 6</figref> is an electron microscope photograph of a polypropylene breathable film, which was prepared by introducing 1 % water insoluble copper oxide into the master batch before extrusion of the film, to form a film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof; and showing up as white dots in the electron microscope photograph thereof; and</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Figure 7</figref> is an electron microscope photograph of a polyester fiber prepared by introducing 1 % water insoluble copper oxide into the master batch before extrusion of the fiber, to form fibers having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, and showing up as white dots in the electron microscope photograph thereof;</li></ul>

<u>Example 1:Preparation of fabrics from treated cellulose fibers</u>

0120<ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>1st. A cellulose fiber is chosen for the desired end use. Such fibers as Tencel, or acetate, or viscose or raw cotton are among the fibers that can be used. It is necessary to note that the fibers must be cellulose based as the plating will use the OH groups on the surface for initial attachment to the fiber. The length of the fiber chosen is a function of the end use and is common knowledge in the industry (i.e. long staple fibers are mixed with other fibers that have the same length such as in the case of combed cotton, etc.).</li><li>2nd. The fibers pass through the various chemical processes as described herein: <ol id="ol0005" compact="compact"><li>1. Fibers are prepared in a thin mat to assure a deposition of the correct cationic species.</li><li>2. The mat is soaked in a solution of Tin Dichloride and hydrochloric acid. The mat is allowed to soak for a small amount of time to insure complete absorption.</li><li>3. The mat is then squeezed to remove almost all liquid and washed in water to assure the removal of all the tin solution.</li><li>4. The mat is then placed in a very dilute solution of palladium dichloride and hydrochloric acid. While other metal salts can be used for this process, palladium was found to be the most efficient.</li><li>5. After removal from the palladium dichloride the mat is once again washed and again squeezed to assure the removal of all extraneous liquid. At this point the mat will have changed color to a light tan.</li><li>6. A chelated copper sulfate solution is prepared using copper sulfate, polyethylglycol, and EDTA. The pH of the solution is controlled by adding sodium hydroxide to the solution. A reductant is added to the copper sulfate solution. While many reductants can be used formaldehyde was chosen as the preferred compound.</li><li>7. The mat is placed in the solution and allowed to go through the process which can take up to 7 minutes to occur. The mat must be squeezed or patted down during the plating process.</li><li>8. The mat is then washed in water to remove excess dust and allowed to dry.</li><li>9. At the end of the process, the fibers are plated with an ionic form of copper and have a dark brown mixed shade color.</li><li>10. The fibers are blended with other fibers (the same untreated or other fibers) so that the end product contains only the amount of the desired copper oxide plated fibers. In some cases a 1% blend/99% other fibers is necessary and in other cases as much as 30% treated fibers/70% other fibers or any combination is prepared. This can be done in several ways all known to people familiar with the art of textile yarn spinning.</li><li>11. The mixed fibers run through all normal textile processes, i.e. in the case of an open-end spun product: carding, sliver, spinning.</li><li>12. Once yarn is obtained it can be either woven or knit depending on the desired end-use.</li><li>13. Fabrics can be used as are or they can then be dyed or printed but not bleached, as this will cause the copper to disconnect itself from the cellulose substrate.</li><li>14. The textile fabric can than be easily converted into the desired product.</li></ol></li></ul>

<u>Example 2: Preparation of fabrics or films from treated Polymeric materials:</u>

0121<ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A 1. A polymeric material is chosen for the desired end use. Such fibers as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon 66, nylon 6, etc. are among the fibers that can be used. The fiber can be formed into either a filament form or short staple form.</li><li>A 2. A master batch is prepared using the same base material as the desired yarn into which a copper oxide powder is added. For most textile end uses the master batch may have a 20% - 25% concentration of the copper oxide powder included in it. This master batch will be added to the polymer being extruded and diluted so that only about 1% or 2% of the material will be in the finished yarn. A certain amount of this copper will appear on the surface of a polymeric fiber and can be observed in an electron microscope picture.</li><li>A 3. If the fiber is a filament fiber it can be woven or knit to produce a textile.</li><li>A 4. If the fiber is a staple fiber it can be mixed with other fibers just the way the coated fibers described above are mixed and then follow the same process of manufacturing.</li><li>A 5. Once yarn has been completed, it can woven or knit into a textile product which follows the normal and accepted systems for finished product conversion.</li><li>B 1. A polymeric material is chosen for the desired end use. Such polymers as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon 66, nylon 6, etc. are among the polymers that can be used. The polymeric material can be formed into either a film, or a sheath.</li><li>B2. A master batch is prepared using the same base material as the desired polymer into which a copper oxi de powder is added. For most end uses the master batch may have a 1-3% concentration of the copper oxide powder included in it. This master batch will be added to the polymer being extruded. A certain amount of this copper will appear on the surface of a polymeric film or sheath and can be observed in an electron microscope picture.</li></ul>

<u>Example 2 C- Preparation of fibers.</u>

0122A total of 500 grams of a polyamide bi-component compound were prepared by heating the two beaded chemicals in separate baths each at 160 °C.

0123The two separate components were then mixed together and allowed to stir for 15 minutes until the mixture appeared to be homogenous in color.

0124The mixed chemistry was again divided into two separate pots. In one pot, 25 grams of a mixture of CuO and Cu₂O powder was added yielding a 1% mixture. In the second pot 6.25 grams of a mixture of CuO and Cu₂O were added yielding a 0.25% mixture. In both cases, the temperature of 160 °C was maintained. The compounds were stirred until they appeared homogenous in color.

0125The two mixtures were run through a spinneret with holes that yielded fibers of between 50 and 70 microns in diameter. Since the Cu++ releasing copper oxide powders were ground to particles of less than 20 microns no obstructions in the spinneret holes were observed. The extruded fibers were air-cooled and spun on to cones.

0126The resulting nylon fibers having Cu++ releasing copper oxide incorporated therein can be used in many of the appl i cations of the present invention including in bandages, in socks for diabetics, in gloves or socks for patients suffering from eczema or psoriasis or their hands or feet, etc.

0127As will now be understood by persons skilled in the art, the difference between the normal process of manufacturing any synthetic fiber and this process, is the addition of the Cu++ releasing copper oxide powders in the raw material s, and for many uses of the present invention such polymers as polyester, nylon and polypropylene can be interchangeably used.

<u>Example 3: Healing of ulcerative sores caused by diabetes</u>

0128Referring to <figref idref="f0001">figures 1a</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">2a</figref>, there are seen the top and sole of a 62 year old white female diabetic patient wherein on the sole of the foot there is seen an ulcerative sore which was 1.5 cm deep and which had already reached the bone, and therefore this patient was scheduled for amputation of this area of the foot two weeks from the date of September 30, 2004 upon which the photographs of <figref idref="f0001">figures 1</figref> a and 2a were taken.

0129The doctor of this patient, who was assisting in clinical trials of the product of the present invention, wrapped the patient's foot with a gauze containing 3% cellulose fibers as prepared according to the method described in <patcit id="pcit0037" dnum="US20030198945A"><text>US 2003/0198945</text></patcit> (<patcit id="pcit0038" dnum="WO03086478A"><text>WO 03/086478</text></patcit>) and as described hereinbefore, wherein said treated cellulose fibers are coated with ionic copper selected from the group consisting of Cu⁺ and Cu⁺⁺ ions in that formed on the surface of said fibers are insoluble copper oxide compounds of Cu⁺ and Cu⁺⁺.

0130As can be seen in <figref idref="f0001">figures 1b</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">2b</figref>, which are photographs taken of the same foot of the same patient one week later on October 7, 2004, there resulted an amazing clearing of vascular lesions, regeneration of the dermal layer, and most amazingly, a cleaning and closure of the diabetic ulcer in the sole of the foot.

0131As a result of this treatment, amputation of the foot was no longer necessary.

<u>Example 4:Healing of paraplegic lesion sore</u>

0132Referring to <figref idref="f0003">figure 3a</figref>, there is seen a photograph taken on September 23, 2004 of a lesion on the lateral surface of a foot of a 36 year old white male paraplegic who had this lesion for 6 months as a result of a sore from contact with the limb clamp of his wheelchair. On said date, the area was wrapped with a polypropylene breathable film which was prepared by introducing 1% water insoluble copper oxide into the master batch before extrusion of the film, to form a film having microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof as seen in <figref idref="f0006">figure 6</figref> attached hereto, which particles release Cu⁺⁺.

0133Referring to <figref idref="f0003">figure 3b</figref> which is a photograph taken two weeks later on October 7, 2004, it can be seen that this lesion that had not responded to any conventional treatment over a six-month period, was beginning to heal and the regeneration of fibroblasts are clearly evident in the photograph.

<u>Example 5: Improvement of skin granulation of a diabetic</u>

0134Referring to <figref idref="f0004">figure 4a</figref>, there is seen a photograph of the sole of a 76 year old white male diabetic patient, which photograph was taken on September 28, 2004, and wherein severe granulation of the skin area is seen.

0135On September 28^th, this patient was instructed to begin wearing a specially prepared pair of socks which was made of polyester and in which there were introduced polyester fibers formed with Cu⁺⁺ releasing copper oxide powders, which fibers are shown in <figref idref="f0007">figure 7</figref> and which fibers have microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺⁺ to form a fabric containing 1 % copper oxide on the underside thereof.

0136Referring to <figref idref="f0004">figure 4b</figref>, which was a photograph taken on October 6, 2004, it can be seen that there has occurred a regeneration of the previously granulated skin area.

0137It is therefore believed that providing diabetics with socks prepared according to the present invention can serve to prevent the formation of diabetic granulation, ulcers, and lesions, and can also be used in the treatment thereof.

<u>Example 6: Treatment of teenage acne</u>

0138Referring to <figref idref="f0005">figure 5a</figref>, there is seen a photograph of the side view of a 16 year old white male suffering from acne which picture was taken on October 10, 2004.

0139This patient was instructed to place, each night, adjacent to the affected area, a gauze pad which was made of polyester and in which there were introduced polyester fibers formed with Cu⁺⁺ releasing copper oxide powders, which fibers are shown in <figref idref="f0007">figure 7</figref> and which fibers have microscopic water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxides in powdered form, embedded directly therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which particles release Cu⁺⁺ to form a gauze pad containing 1 % copper oxide.

0140Referring to <figref idref="f0005">figure 5b</figref>, there is seen a photograph taken of this patient on October 13^th, after only 3 nights of usage of the gauze pad according to the present invention, and already a vast improvement and decrease in the size of the acne sores was visible, which decrease normally occurs only after several weeks.

<u>Example 7: Scarless healing of blistered burn</u>

0141A white female 57 year old woman suffered a second degree blistered burn on her upper thigh which was approximately 6 in. by 2 in. in size, as a result of a scalding glass of tea knocked into her lap.

0142The burn area was covered with a gauze pad according to the present invention which was made of cotton and in which there were introduced cellulosic fibers which were formed with Cu⁺⁺ releasing copper oxide powders, which fibers were woven into the gauze to form a final product which was 97% cotton and 3% cationic copper releasing fibers. The gauze pad was periodically replaced with fresh pads of the same material for a period of three weeks after which the pad was removed to reveal an area from which the blistered and burnt skin had totally sloughed off leaving a fresh layer of scar-free epidermal tissue, which area one week later was substantially indistinguishable from the surrounding area.

<u>Example 8: Clinical Testing</u>

0143Dr. Michael S. Smith, a Board Certified Neurologist with a Master's Degree in Experimental Statistics, was asked to analyze the effectiveness of socks prepared with a lower panel of fabric incorporating water-insolubie copper compounds which release Cu⁺ and Cu⁺⁺ ions, upon a variety of podiatric conditions, i.e. erythema, itching and burning, scaling, vesicular eruptions, fissuring, drainage, odor and edema.

0144One group of patients was studied; and the results were compared to the experience the podiatrist had with patients with similar conditions who were not treated with socks according to the present invention

RESULTS:

0145The following results are all considered statistically significant, meaning that there is credible medical evidence that treatment with the socks according to the present invention is effective in the period of follow up studied, since the confidence interval of all the results did not include 0 and the p-values for all results were &lt;0.001.

Demographics:

0146There were 56 patients in all, 17 women and 39 men. The average age of the group was 58 with a standard deviation of 16 years (range 21-85 years). Twenty-one (21) were diabetic, 21 were older than 65, and 24 were followed more than one time.

Variables:

0147Measures were studied: burning and itching, vesicular eruptions, fissuring, "Long range follow-up referred to having been evaluated more than one time after use of the socks. There was a three level ordinal scale used: present, improvement, and resolved. Movement along this scale (from "present" to "improved" or from either of the first two to "resolved") was considered a positive sign, movement the other way (from "improved" to "present") considered a negative sign. If a patient was considered resolved on the first visit after wearing the socks, that individual could at best be scored a "same" for long-term follow-up. Therefore, "same" could be equally considered to be "holding improvement". The average length of time in the long term section was defined as being the time between the first visit and the date when the last comment was made about the patient. Only patients who had a specific problem at the outset of the study were counted later. In no instance, did a patient who had no specific problem develop one. In the instances of edema, odor, and drainage, the sample sizes were too small to draw any conclusions, although the results were tabulated.

Example 8C: Fissuring (37 patients):

0148C1. All 37 patients improved; 15 (40%) resolved completely with an average follow-up of 10 days, 95% CI (0.25, 0.58). This is highly significant. <img file="EP1809306B1_D0001.tif" />

0149C2. Longer term study (17 patients):

0150All 17 patients improved, 6 (35%) resolved completely in an average follow-up of 39 days, 95% CI (0.14, 0.62). Again, diabetics and elderly shared in the improvement. <img file="EP1809306B1_D0002.tif" />

Example 8D: Burning Or Itching (23 patients):

0151D1. Nineteen of the 23 improved (83%), four stayed the same or reverted in the average follow-up period of 8 days. The 95% confidence interval is (0.61, 0.95) with a p-value of 0.003, again highly significant. <img file="EP1809306B1_D0003.tif" />

0152D2. Longer term study (8 patients):

0153All 8 patients were unchanged over an average follow-up of 46 days, meaning that their initial improvement was maintained. The numbers were too small to study diabetics and elderly.

Example 8E: Vesicular eruptions (23 patients):

0154E1. All 23 patients improved; 13 (56%) resolved completely, 95% CI (0.34, 0.76). <img file="EP1809306B1_D0004.tif" />

0155E2. Longer term study (10 patients):

0156All 10 patients maintained their improvement or resolved (6) over an average follow-up of 45 days. The proportions were similar for both diabetics and patients over the age of 65.

DISCUSSION:

0157The purpose of the study was to see if patients with a variety of podiatric ailments would improve only by wearing socks having a fabric panel according to the present invention. One issue in the treatment of the above conditions is compliance in obtaining and using the treatment (special socks). A related issue is the proper application of treatment (special socks) on the plantar aspect of the feet and in the interdigital areas. <ol id="ol0006" compact="compact"><li>1. For purposes of these examples the following was assumed in the analysis of the data provided: <ol id="ol0007" compact="compact"><li>a. The patients were a reasonable, representative sample of the population of patients with these conditions. There was no information received that would contradict this assumption. There were men, women, elderly, young, diabetic, and non-diabetic patients.</li><li>b. The patients were independent of one another; that is, the selection of one individual had no effect upon the selection of another.</li><li>c. The definitions of improvement and resolution were constant for each patient.</li><li>d. The sample size was known and appropriate to perform analysis.</li><li>e. Outcomes could be defined as dichotomous.</li></ol> The presence of these assumptions allowed a binomial probability distribution to be used.</li><li>2. There was no control group reported; however, information was received stating that the podiatrist believed it unlikely that any patient would have resolved or improved in the time frame of the study only by wearing his or her regular socks. Given such information, all of the above results, would be considered statistically significant, meaning that there is medical evidence that treatment with fabric panels according to the present invention is effective in this period of follow-up. It is important to understand the vocabulary used in describing the study: <ul id="ul0005" list-style="bullet" compact="compact"><li><i>Population:</i> the group about which one wishes to learn. In this instance, the population are all patients with the above listed foot conditions.</li><li><i>Sample:</i> a subset of a population.</li><li><i>Random sample:</i> A subset chosen where each member of the population has a defined, non-zero probability of being chosen.</li><li><i>Parameter:</i> a numerical measure of the population.</li><li><i>Statistic:</i> a numerical measure of the sample.</li><li><i>p-value:</i> the probability that we would obtain the specific sample statistic (or one more extreme) if the null hypothesis (hypothesis of no change) were true. In the context of this study, a p-value of less than 0.001 means that the probability of obtaining these results by chance alone is less than 1 in 1000. Typically, 1 in 20 is considered the "cut-off" point. Minitab software does not compute p-values to four decimal places, so many of the values obtained here are even smaller.</li><li><i>A confidence interval</i> contains a range of plausible values for the parameter. We call it a confidence interval, because while unknown, the parameter does exist, and the interval either contains or does not contain the parameter. It is NOT a probability question. For this study, if we assume that no patient would improve in the time frame studied with conventional treatment then so long as the interval does not contain 0, the results are significant, since no plausible value of the parameter is 0. If some other proportion were postulated for improvement, then any interval that did not contain that particular value would be considered significant. In this study, with the above information, all areas reached statistical significance.</li><li><i>Circle of inference:</i> We sample from a population, obtain a result (a statistic), and use that value to infer something about a parameter which is part of a population. <img file="EP1809306B1_D0005.tif" /></li></ul></li></ol>

0158It is important to recognize that one can seldom identify all mem bers of a population, so that its numerical measure, a parameter, remains unknown.

0159For this study, since we cannot know all members of the population, the result of the sample, the proportion improved (or resolved), is used to say a similar proportion of the population would be improved as well. If the sample is appropriately chosen, then the estimate has value. We must realize, of course, that other samples would lead to other results, so that there is a <i>range</i> of plausible values that samples could conceivably have, and our sample result was one of those potential values, as described above.

CONCLUSION:

0160Compared to historical controls, patients with socks prepared with a lower panel of fabric incorporating water-insoluble copper compounds which release Cu⁺ and Cu⁺⁺ ions as according to the present invention, had significant improvement or resolution in the following conditions: <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="33mm" /><tbody><row><entry /><entry>Vesicular eruptions</entry></row><row><entry>Burning/itching</entry><entry>Fissures</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0161Moreover, since nearly 40% (19 of 51) of the group was either diabetic or older than 65 (10 were both diabetic and older than 65), this study is statistically significant for improvement or resolved for all the above conditions for people with diabetes, including elderly diabetics.

0162Itching and burning are both healing issues.

0163Vesicular eruptions is an eruption of capillaries that are close to the surface of the skin and is thus also a healing issue.

0164Fissuring is a break in the skin usually where it joins a mucous membrane producing a crack-like sore or ulcer and this is also a healing issue which can be dealt with according to the present invention.

0165It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative examples and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiments and examples be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.