Method of operation of a windpark and a windpark

The invention relates to a method for operating a wind energy installation park, in particular an offshore wind energy installation park, in the event of a failure or disturbance of a voltage network supplying the wind energy installation park or in the case of intended work on transmission network components of the wind energy installation park.

From the publication "<nplcit id="ncit0001" npl-type="b"><text>Grid Connection and Remote Control for the Horns Rev 150 MW Offshore Wind Farm in Denmark ", Peter Christiansen, Knud K. Jørgensen and Aksel Gruelund Sørensen, Workshop on Electrical Design of Offshore Wind Installations, Tuesday 07 November 2000, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, UK</text></nplcit>, An offshore wind turbine installation is known, in which an emergency diesel generator is provided which provides the transformer station and wind turbines with enough power if a voltage network which supplies the wind energy installation, which is referred to hereinafter as the supply network, fails. In this case, the transformer station and the wind turbines can be supplied with regard to the essential functions, namely the air-conditioning, the control of the safety systems, as well as the azimuth angle adjustment, ie the tracking of the rotor in the wind direction avoid. No statement is made about the operation of the diesel generator.

In <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="WO2004099604A"><text>WO-A-2004/099604</text></patcit> There is also disclosed a method for operating a windmill with a plurality of wind energy installations, wherein the operating sequence of each wind energy installation is controlled in such a way that electrical energy is pulled out of the grid only up to a predeterminable maximum value. In addition, a wind farm is disclosed in this document which has a central device for controlling the wind park.

Moreover, is revealed <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="DE10317422A"><text>DE-A-103 17 422</text></patcit> A power supply device for providing electrical self-required energy in components of a wind power plant in the form of wind turbines, voltage networks and transformer stations. In this case, the energy supply device is equipped with a distribution unit which receives electrical energy for the components from the wind power plant and, with defined disturbances, electrical energy from the contents of at least one rechargeable energy storage device.

Further disclosed <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="DE202004009071U"><text>DE-U-20 2004 009 071</text></patcit> A wind turbine with a rotor, a generator which generates electric energy driven by the rotor for feeding into a network, at least one rotor blade which is rotatably mounted in a rotor hub and is adjustable about its longitudinal axis, and an auxiliary generator, At least one load. The auxiliary generator generates electrical energy for at least one load in a rotational speed range of the rotor, which results for at least one rotor blade which has been placed essentially in the flag position.

Furthermore, <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="FR2826524A"><text>FR-A-2 826 524. *** "</text></patcit> A wind energy installation with a generator and a control or a controller, by means of which the optimum power from the generator is to be generated.

In addition, disclosed <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="DE20020232U"><text>DE-U-200 20 232</text></patcit> Wherein the auxiliary generator receives energy from kinetic energy at least of the rotor shaft and conducts the energy of the auxiliary generator at least to a servomotor for adjusting a rotor blade in a flag position. (DE). WIPO Home services World Intellectual Property Organization

Further disclosed <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="DE20113372U"><text>DE-U-201 13 372</text></patcit> (EN) The invention relates to a device for autonomous energy supply using wind energy systems, wherein, for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of the consumers provided in an island network, inter alia a combustion engine is provided which takes over the supply of the consumers when the voltage from the regenerative energy source is not sufficient That gaps in energy supply are bridged.

Moreover, in <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="DE4033696A"><text>DE-A-40 33 696</text></patcit> A generator of a profile sail rotor is disclosed.

Furthermore, <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="WO02086314A"><text>WO-A-02/086314</text></patcit> A method for operating a wind energy installation with a generator for delivering electrical power to an electrical load is described. In order to counteract fluctuations in the network, it is provided that the power delivered by the generator to the load is regulated as a function of a current delivered to the load.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient method for operating a wind energy installation park, in particular an offshore wind energy installation park, in the event of a failure or disturbance of a voltage network supplying the wind energy installation park or in the case of intended work on transmission network components of the wind energy installation park.

This object is achieved by a method for operating a wind energy installation park with wind energy installations, in particular an offshore wind energy installation park, in the event of a failure or disturbance of a voltage network supplying the wind energy installation park or in the case of planned disconnections of transmission network components of the wind energy installation park,<ul><li>Detecting a fault or a failure of the utility network or a signal transmitted to prepare the work on the transmission network components,</li><li>Starting an emergency power supply device, the emergency power supply device comprising an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, and</li><li>Controlled increase in the power delivered by the emergency power supply device to transformers of the wind energy installation park, wherein the controlled increase of the power takes place via a current limiter and wherein the magnetization of the transformers of the wind energy installation park is controlled in a controlled way,</li></ul>And wherein the emergency power supply device is operated power-throttled as soon as a throttle signal, in particular from the wind farm control device, is transmitted.

The emergency power supply device is preferably operated completely automatically.

Preferably, the power is provided to the wind power plants via a medium voltage network of the wind energy installation park. The supply of the wind turbines thus preferably takes place via a connection of the emergency power supply device to the medium voltage network of the wind energy installation park. Medium voltage cables or the medium voltage cable strings which lead to the wind energy installations can also be applied to the medium voltage connecting device. In addition, the supply network is appropriately transformed at the medium voltage connecting device, which is preferably a medium voltage rail.

The method is particularly efficient when the controlled increase of the power is controlled via a current limiter. As a result, the magnetization or magnetization of the transformers can be specifically controlled, specifically slowly. The magnetization preferably takes place in a time window of approximately 10 to 30 seconds.

As far as the scope of the invention is concerned with control, the term regulation is also to be understood.

Preferably, it is checked before the emergency power supply device is put into operation whether the connection of the emergency power supply device to the medium-voltage network and a separation of the medium-voltage network of the wind power installation park from the supply network have been carried out. In particular, it is checked whether all locking conditions are fulfilled. Preferably, when the control system sends a signal to the wind power system when the emergency power supply is put into operation, which represents a commissioning of the emergency power supply device, the wind power installations can be set to idle or be brought into a mode in which no power output occurs. It may also be provided that not all wind energy installations are set or operated accordingly, So that one or more wind energy installations are still provided for the supply of some components of the wind energy installation park, in particular to maintain the function of the secondary systems of the wind energy installations or of the park. The secondary systems of the wind energy installations or the park are, in particular, an azimuth angle adjustment, an obstacle lighting, a supply of inverters, an air-conditioning of electronic components, a sheet angle adjustment and the like.

Preferably, the wind power installations are operated without power output into the medium voltage network when the emergency power supply device is in operation.

If the emergency power supply device is preferably used as a network generator, double-fed asynchronous motors used in the winch energy systems can be supplied with a frequency and voltage, whereby a simulation of the supply network which is present in itself is possible. In this case, the wind power plant can also be put into operation without the presence of a supply network. The network structure of the supply network can then be co-operated. Further power resistors may also be provided. Preferably, at least one reactive power compensation device and / or a phase shifter is also provided. The power resistors serve to discharge or destroy power, in particular of the wind energy installations, if this power can not be fed into the supply network. In particular, the invention also makes it possible to supply transmission network components, for example rectifiers, with corresponding voltage. In addition, when working on transmission network components, the wind energy installation park can be driven down and operation via the emergency power supply device can be enabled.

Preferably, the emergency power supply device serves to supply at least a portion of the transmission network components when no interference in the supply network is detected.

Preferably, the emergency power supply device is designed in such a way that an emergency supply of the wind energy installation park is possible without the power supply of a wind power installation. In particular, wind turbines may have to be switched off. In this case, the emergency power supply device has to be designed in such a way that the secondary systems of the wind energy installations can be operated simultaneously or staggered, ie in chronological succession (for example, motors for an azimuth angle adjustment), as long as the buffered power is no longer sufficient, A firing is made possible, a rectifier supply is made possible, no-load losses of the transformers are taken into account or

Preferably, an automatic, in particular periodic, self-test of the emergency power supply device is carried out, in particular preferably at predeterminable time intervals.

In a convenient process step, the emergency power supply device is automatically switched off or operated in a stand-by mode after it has been detected that the supply network is again in operation. With the feature that the supply network is again in operation, it is also understood, in particular, that this is in proper operation or has fluctuations which lie under a tolerance limit, which is in particular specifiable.

Preferably, remote diagnostics and / or remote control is performed. The remote control may, for example, provide for a self-test of the emergency power supply device. The remote control can also take them out of operation after a remote diagnosis, for example, that some wind turbines are defective. Furthermore, it is possible to determine by means of the remote diagnosis whether repairs have to be carried out on transmission devices so that appropriate switches can be closed and operation via the emergency power supply device is made possible. The signals for remote control or remote diagnostics can be transmitted via cables and preferably by radio.

Preferably, the emergency power supply device is operated in a throttled manner in a power-throttled manner, as soon as, for example, a predefined quantity of operating means is exceeded. The wind farm controller detects a predeterminable event and appropriately throttles the power output and thus the resource consumption of the emergency power supply device. In this case, it is preferably such that only process-related energy-consuming or power-consuming process steps are carried out, such as, for example, an azimuth angle adjustment. The azimuth angle adjustment is a tracking of the wind power installation about the azimuth angle with changing wind directions. Preferably, a staged control of devices of a wind energy installation and / or a staged control of wind energy installations takes place. For example, in the case of a wind energy installation, the azimuth angle can first be traversed and then the rotor blade angle or pitch angle. The azimuth angle of a wind energy installation and then of a second wind energy installation can also be traversed first. Preferably, the azimuth angles of all the wind energy installations of the park can be moved at the same time and other functions can be executed in a staggered manner. Within the scope of the invention, the term "azimuth angle adjustment" means in particular that the rotor of a wind power installation is pivoted with respect to the azimuth angle. As a result, less operating means of the emergency power supply device are consumed and the operating means last longer. A throttling of the emergency power supply device can also occur, When the emergency power supply device has exceeded a predefined operating time. The throttling signal is preferably not transmitted (more) when a predeterminable wind force is exceeded.

For this purpose, a wind energy installation system is provided with at least two wind energy systems and an emergency power supply device comprising at least one emergency power supply unit, wherein a control device is provided for the controlled increase of the power provided by the emergency power supply device. The wind turbine power station enables safe commissioning of an emergency power supply device. An emergency power supply unit is also, in particular, an emergency power supply device.

A plurality of wind energy installations are preferably provided. Preferably, the wind power installations are divided into at least two subcircuits, an emergency power supply unit being assigned to each subcircuit. In this case, a plurality of emergency power units, which are smaller in size, can be provided as a single emergency power unit, which on the one hand results in a cost-effective process control and on the other hand is safety-relevant. The emergency power supply unit preferably comprises a combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine. The emergency power supply device is preferably designed as a network former. A reactive power compensation device and / or a phase shifter is also preferably provided. The emergency power supply device is dimensioned at least with a power which is sufficient to enable an emergency supply of the wind energy installations without a power supply by a wind energy installation. In this case, even when all the wind energy installations are switched off, an emergency power supply can be provided, which in particular takes place in the case of a storm station.

Preferably, a remote diagnosis device and / or a remote control device of the emergency power supply device is also provided.

The invention is described below without limiting the general idea of ​​the invention by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Reference is made expressly to the drawings for all the details according to the invention which are not explained in further detail in the text. Show it:<dl id="dl0001"><dt>FIG</dt><dd>2 shows a schematic sketch of a wind energy installation park according to the invention, and FIG</dd><dt>FIG</dt><dd>3 shows a schematic sketch of a further wind energy installation park according to the invention.</dd></dl>

<figref idrefs="f0001">FIG</figref> 1 shows a schematic sketch of a wind energy installation park 1 according to the invention, which can be connected to a supply network 10. Usually, a transformer is provided in the wind energy installation park 1 between the supply network 10 and the wind energy installation park in order to convert the medium-high voltage generated in the wind energy installation park into a high voltage. This transformer can also be provided in the supply network 10. The medium voltage is usually in a range of 10 to 26 kV.

In <figref idrefs="f0001">FIG</figref> Two strands are shown, each with five wind energy systems 40 - 44 and 50 - 54. One of the strands is connected to a medium voltage cable 12 and the second string is connected to a medium voltage cable 13. The wind power systems 40-44 as well as 50-54 each comprise a rotorturm 20-24 and 30-34 respectively, as well as a transformer 25-29 as well as 35-39 Wind turbines can be, for example, 2 MW turbines. The transformers can, for example, be designed for a power of 2.5 MVA. An azimuth angle adjustment 91, for example a motor as well as a lighting 92, is also schematically indicated on the first rotary toothed wheel 20.

The medium voltage cables 12 and 13 are switchable via switches 62 and 63 of a medium voltage rail 14 in a transfer station 11. Correspondingly, the supply network 10 can be switched to the medium voltage rail 14 via a switch 61. The invention provides that a diesel generator 15 and a transformer 16, whose generated power can be supplied to the medium-voltage rail 14 via a switch 60, can be operated in a controlled manner if the supply network 10 breaks down or has large disturbances. Large disturbances are, in particular, disturbances which correspond to a variation of the voltage outside a predefinable value or tolerance range. In this way, an efficient and safe supply of the wind energy installation park and also other components of the wind energy installation park is possible via a central diesel generator and the supply via the medium voltage network. A lock and an interface from a diesel control device to parking management and, in addition, to remote monitoring can be provided.

<figref idrefs="f0002">FIG</figref> 13 shows a further schematic representation of a wind energy installation park according to the invention with more components than according to FIG <figref idrefs="f0001">FIG</figref>, Several medium voltage cables 12, 12 ', 13, 13' are shown, which can also be even more indicated by dots. Corresponding wind power installations 40-44, 50-54 comprising a rotor tower 20-22, 30-32, a switch 64 and a transformer 25-27 and 35-37 are arranged on these medium-voltage cables 12-13 '. It is also possible, as indicated by the points, to provide further wind energy installations. In this exemplary embodiment, apart from a central emergency power supply device, in particular in the form of the control device 73, the diesel motor 74, the reactive power compensation device 93 or the phase shifter 94 and the alternating current generator 75 per wind turbine installation branch or medium voltage cable 12, 12 ', 13, 13' An auxiliary emergency power supply device may be provided. The medium voltage cables 12 - 13 'are connected to a medium voltage rail 14 via switches 64. An auxiliary emergency power supply device may be provided. The medium voltage cables 12 - 13 'are connected to a medium voltage rail 14 via switches 64.

There is also provided, in particular, a central control device 72, which is connected in radio communication via an antenna 82 to an antenna 83 and a corresponding cable of an operating monitor 84. A communication network 79 is also illustrated by dashed lines. The communication network 79 is connected to corresponding control devices and measuring devices. For example, the communications network 79 is provided with a sensing level sensor 86 of the diesel tank 85 for measuring the fill level of the diesel 89 in the diesel tank 85. Corresponding diesels are also provided for the auxiliary emergency power supply devices, although not shown. The control device 72 controls the wind turbine power station 1 as the control center. Appropriate control commands can also come from the operating supervision system 84.

The central emergency power supply device comprises a diesel engine 74 which is supplied with diesel 89 from the diesel tank 85. The diesel motor 74 is controlled by a control device 73. A reactive power compensation device 93 or a phase shifter 94 is also provided. The diesel motor 74 is connected to an alternating current generator 75. The generated alternating voltage is supplied via a transformer 76 and a switch 60 to the medium voltage rail 14. A primary source 81, for example in the form of a starter battery, is provided for commissioning the diesel engine 74, which is connected to an inverter 80 for the primary source 81. The primary source 81 can also be used for a transitional period during which the diesel unit has not yet been put into operation, Essential functions of the wind energy installation park 1. A load resistor 78 is also provided for deriving the generator power during test runs. In addition, a load resistor 77 is provided for deriving the parking power. The medium voltage rail 14 can also be operated at approximately 10 kV or approximately 20 kV. The data network or communication network 79 is used for communication between the wind farm controller 72 and the control of the central auxiliary unit 73 75 as well as the wind power installations and the distributed auxiliary units 73 '75' and 73 "75 '. The control device 73 may also comprise a starting battery for the diesel motor 74. In addition, a load resistor 77 is provided for deriving the parking power. The medium voltage rail 14 can also be operated at approximately 10 kV or approximately 20 kV. The data network or communication network 79 is used for communication between the wind farm controller 72 and the control of the central auxiliary unit 73 75 as well as the wind power installations and the distributed auxiliary units 73 '75' and 73 "75 '. The control device 73 may also comprise a starting battery for the diesel motor 74. In addition, a load resistor 77 is provided for deriving the parking power. The medium voltage rail 14 can also be operated at approximately 10 kV or approximately 20 kV. The data network or communication network 79 is used for communication between the wind farm controller 72 and the control of the central auxiliary unit 73 75 as well as the wind power installations and the distributed auxiliary units 73 '75' and 73 "75 '. The control device 73 may also comprise a starting battery for the diesel motor 74. Communication network 79 is used for communication between the wind farm controller 72 and the control of the central auxiliary unit 73-75 as well as the wind power installations and the distributed auxiliary units 73 '- 75' and 73 "- 75". The control device 73 may also comprise a starting battery for the diesel motor 74. Communication network 79 is used for communication between the wind farm controller 72 and the control of the central auxiliary unit 73-75 as well as the wind power installations and the distributed auxiliary units 73 '- 75' and 73 "- 75". The control device 73 may also comprise a starting battery for the diesel motor 74.

The power generated by the wind power installation is fed via a high-voltage line 88 to a park-side inverter 71, which generates a DC voltage for guiding the latter over a relatively large distance from the water side via the water / land line 90 to a line- The line-side inverter 70 converts the DC voltage into a high voltage, which is fed to the supply network 10. A supply line 87 and a transformer 76 are provided to supply the park-side inverter 71.

According to the invention, the wind turbines or wind power installations are supplied with a connection of an emergency power unit to the medium voltage network of the wind park. The generator is started or stopped by means of a current limiter in order to avoid an overload and to magnetize the transformers in a controlled manner. A magnetization can be done in about 10 to 30 seconds.

The emergency power unit or the emergency power units or, more generally, the emergency power supply device is, for example, designed in such a way that, with an overall energy loss of the transformers of, for example, 130 kW and corresponding secondary power requirement of the systems, If desired, a smaller design can be implemented if staggered control of the wind energy installations or the secondary components of the wind energy installation is made possible. The control device 72 or parking control supplies a signal for starting up the emergency power supply device, for example when the supply network 10 fails. A time circuit for switching on the emergency power supply device can also be provided.

The wind turbine installation park can also be operated without a supply network 10 by the invention. The primary task of the emergency power supply system is to maintain the function of the secondary systems of the wind power plants in the event of a power supply failure. Particularly important is the maintenance of the wind tracking system even when the wind energy is switched off. This reduces the load on the winch power towers and the corresponding blades. The emergency power supply device is preferably to be designed in such a way that, when the wind turbine power system is at a standstill of 30 kVA, which includes the idling losses of the respective transformer, the supply of the azimuthal motors, the supply of the uninterruptible power supply and the lighting, That it has a power of 30 kVA multiplied by the number of wind energy installations. The diesel generator used should have a voltage of 230/400 V at 50 Hz, which is why a suitable transformer is provided for adaptation to the medium voltage.

In addition, an additional circuit breaker field is provided in the medium-voltage switching system of the transfer station, namely with a lock against the power switch of the supply network field. The emergency power supply device must be integrated into the monitoring concept of the wind park. The emergency power supply is capable of being isolated and keeps the voltage and frequency relatively constant over a load of 0 to 100%.

An automatic start with a 12 V battery can be carried out, whereby the power is slowly increased. An automatic stop can take place or a downshift into a standby mode. A programmable test operation is provided, for example once a month for 30 minutes to the operating temperature of the diesel engine of the emergency power supply device.

There is self-monitoring in the mechanical, thermal and electrical sense. The advantage of a diesel engine in an emergency power supply device is relatively long maintenance intervals, which are comparable with those of the wind power plants. The diesel tank has a filling capacity, which allows at least 24 hours of operation at full load. It is possible to provide only a single diesel generator. However, it is also possible to provide a plurality of diesel generators for the entire wind farm or the wind energy installation park. An additional transformer mains voltage to medium voltage in the class of the diesel generator is to be provided. In addition, a control system is provided which ensures that the wind energy systems do not start again when the emergency power supply system is operated.

The remote control or remote diagnosis also provides for a level transmission of the diesel tank 85 as well as a starter battery status. When working on the transmission network components 70 and 74, for example, the wind energy installations of the wind energy installation park can be driven down and operation can be performed via the emergency power supply device. In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG<figref idrefs="f0002">FIG</figref> An auxiliary unit of the emergency power supply device, for example 73 '- 75' or 73 "to 75", ie the control device 73 'to 73 ", the diesel motor 74' or 74", and the alternating current generators 75 'or 75 ", can also be used Which is connected to the medium voltage cables 12, 12 ', 13 and 13', is understood to mean a further circuit, in which a corresponding auxiliary unit has failed.

If the emergency power supply device is suitably under-dimensioned, or when a minimum quantity of operating means is exceeded, only safety-related processes, such as azimuth adjustment or staggered execution of operations, can be carried out in order to keep the peak power to a minimum. Staggered carrying out of control of wind energy installations can also be carried out. This saving mode applies in particular in the case of a systematic under-dimensioning of the emergency power supply device, in the case of a separation from the supply network 10 over a specific predefinable time and / or also as a function of weather conditions. In the case of a storm, a staggered version could not be useful, for example, in the doldrums.

<u>LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS</u>

<dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>1</dt><dd>Wind power park</dd><dt>10</dt><dd>supply network</dd><dt>11</dt><dd>Transfer station</dd><dt>12, 12 '</dt><dd>Medium voltage cables</dd><dt>13, 13 '</dt><dd>Medium voltage cables</dd><dt>14</dt><dd>Medium voltage rail</dd><dt>15</dt><dd>Diesel generator</dd><dt>16</dt><dd>transformer</dd><dt>20-24</dt><dd>rotor tower</dd><dt>25-29</dt><dd>transformer</dd><dt>30 - 34</dt><dd>rotor tower</dd><dt>35 - 39</dt><dd>transformer</dd><dt>40 - 44</dt><dd>Wind turbine</dd><dt>50-54</dt><dd>Wind turbine</dd><dt>60-63</dt><dd>switch</dd><dt>64, 64 '</dt><dd>switch</dd><dt>70</dt><dd>Line inverter</dd><dt>71</dt><dd>On-site inverter</dd><dt>72</dt><dd>control device</dd><dt>73, 73 ', 73 "</dt><dd>control device</dd><dt>74, 74 ', 74 "</dt><dd>diesel engine</dd><dt>75, 75 ', 75 "</dt><dd>Alternator</dd><dt>76</dt><dd>transformer</dd><dt>77</dt><dd>load resistance</dd><dt>78</dt><dd>load resistance</dd><dt>79</dt><dd>communication network</dd><dt>80</dt><dd>Inverters for emergency primary source</dd><dt>81</dt><dd>primary source</dd><dt>82</dt><dd>antenna</dd><dt>83</dt><dd>antenna</dd><dt>85</dt><dd>diesel tank</dd><dt>86</dt><dd>level sensor</dd><dt>87</dt><dd>Vorsorgungsleitung</dd><dt>88</dt><dd>High-voltage line</dd><dt>89</dt><dd>diesel</dd><dt>90</dt><dd>Water / land line</dd><dt>91</dt><dd>Azimuth adjustment</dd><dt>92</dt><dd>beaconing</dd><dt>93, 93 ', 93 "</dt><dd>Reactive power compensation device</dd><dt>94, 94 ', 94 "</dt><dd>phase shifter</dd></dl>