Mobile wireless communications device comprising multi-frequency band antenna and related methods

0001The present invention relates to the field of communications devices, and, more particularly, to mobile wireless communications devices and related methods.

<u>Background of the Invention</u>

0002Cellular communications systems continue to grow in popularity and have become an integral part of both personal and business communications. Cellular telephones allow users to place and receive voice calls most anywhere they travel. Moreover, as cellular telephone technology has increased, so too has the functionality of cellular devices. For example, many cellular devices now incorporate personal digital assistant (PDA) features such as calendars, address books, task lists, etc. Moreover, such multi-function devices may also allow users to wirelessly send and receive electronic mail (email) messages and access the Internet via a cellular network and/or a wireless local area network (WLAN), for example.

0003Even so, as the functionality of cellular communications devices continues to increase, so too does the demand for smaller devices which are easier and more convenient for users to carry. As a result, one style of cellular telephones which has gained wide popularity is the folding or "flip" phone. Flip phones typically have an upper housing with a display and speaker, and a lower housing or flap which carries the microphone. The keypad on such phones may be on either the upper housing or the lower housing, depending upon the particular model. The lower flap is connected to the upper housing by a hinge so that when not in use the upper and lower housings can be folded together to be more compact.

0004One example of a flip phone is disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US5337061A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 5,337,061 to Pye et al</text></patcit>. The phone has two antennas, a first one of which is mounted on the lower flap and includes a ground plane and an active monopole fed by a coaxial feed from electronic circuitry inside the phone. The flap is pivotally connected to the main or upper section of the housing, and is folded against the main section when not in use. Another similar antenna is fitted in the main section, and both antennas are connected to transceiver circuitry in the phone. The antennas are designed to introduce deliberate mismatch to provide an effective switching system between the antennas without the need for separate circuit elements.

0005The antenna configuration of a cellular telephone may also significantly effect the overall size or footprint of the phone. Cellular telephones typically have antenna structures that support communications in multiple operating frequency bands. Various types of antennas for mobile devices are used, such as helix, "inverted F", folded dipole, and retractable antenna structures, for example. Helix and retractable antennas are typically deployed outside, i.e., on the exterior of, a mobile device, and inverted F and folded dipole antennas are typically within (i.e., on the interior of) a mobile device case or housing adjacent the top thereof.

0006Generally speaking, internal antennas allow cell phones to have a smaller footprint than do external antennas. Moreover, they are also are preferred over external antennas for mechanical and ergonomic reasons. Internal antennas are also protected by the mobile device housing and therefore tend to be more durable than external antennas. External antennas may be cumbersome and make the mobile device difficult to use, particularly in limited-space environments.

0007Yet, one potential drawback of typical internal cellular phone antennas is that they are in relatively close proximity to the user's head when the phone is in use. As an antenna moves closer to a user's body, the amount of radio frequency (RF) energy radiation absorbed by the body will typically increase. The amount of RF energy absorbed by a body when using a mobile phone is called the specific absorption rate (SAR), and the allowable SAR for mobile phones is typically limited by applicable government regulations to ensure safe user RF energy exposure levels.

0008One attempt to reduce radiation exposure from cell phone antennas is set forth in <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US6741215B"><text>U.S. Patent No. 6,741,215 to Grant et al</text></patcit>. This patent discloses various cellular phones with internal and external antenna configurations in which the antennas are positioned at the bottom of the phone to reduce radiation intensity experienced by a user, i.e., by moving the antenna farther away from the user's brain. Further, in some embodiments the housing of the phone forms an obtuse angle so that the bottom portion of the housing angles away from the user's face.

0009Despite such antenna configurations which allow for reduced radiation exposure, further advancements in antenna configurations, particularly internal antennas, may be desirable to allow for further reductions in overall device size while still providing relatively low SAR values.

0010<patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US6600450B"><text>US 6,600,450</text></patcit> (Motorola) discloses a balanced multi-band antenna system for a communication device, the system including a balanced transmission line electromagnetically coupled to a transceiver of the device. A symmetrical dipole antenna element is operable at a first frequency driven by the balanced transmission line, and a symmetrical loop antenna shares portions of the dipole antenna element and is operable at a second frequency driven by the transmission line.

0011<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="WO0178192A2"><text>WO 01/78192 A2</text></patcit> (RIM) discloses an antenna system for a portable communication device that includes an antenna structure for transmitting and receiving signals. The antenna structure includes multiple feeding ports and multiple antennas of different types having a common structure fully coupling the multiple antennas together. When the conductor is mounted on a non-planar surface, the antenna structure may extend in three-dimensional space around the portable communication device.

0012<patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="JP05007109B"><text>Japanese Patent Publication 05007109</text></patcit> (Mitsubishi) discloses an antenna formed in a spiral or zigzag pattern on a flexible board. A transmission antenna and a reception antenna are provided separately and mounted in a case of a portable telephone set having a radio transceiver. Broad processing is attained, and no matching circuit is required, and the antenna is built into the portable telephone set with small size, thin profile and high radiation efficiency.

0013<patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="US6124831A"><text>US 6,124,831</text></patcit> (Ericsson) discloses a C-shaped dielectric substrate having a folded configuration. The substrate includes opposite first and second spaced-apart portions joined at respective adjacent end portions by a third portion. A continuous trace of conductive material, which serves as a radiating element, is disposed on the outer surfaces of the dielectric substrate first, second and third portions.

0014<patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="US20020149527A1"><text>US 2002/0149527 A1 (Wen et al</text></patcit>) discloses a multiple-element antenna that includes a monopole portion and a separate dipole portion, and is usable with mobile communication devices. The antenna is included in a structure that includes a flexible dielectric substrate on which the antenna is fabricated. The structure is mounted on the inside surfaces of a dielectric housing. The dipole portion is positioned within a recess defined by the monopole portion in order to electromagnetically couple the monopole portion with the dipole portion.

0015Main aspects of the subject invention are as set out in the independent claims. Principal subsidiary features are as set out in the dependent claims.

<u>Summary of the Invention</u>

0016In view of the foregoing background, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a mobile wireless communications device including an antenna configuration which allows for relatively small device sizes, yet provides desired performance over multiple frequency bands.

0017This and other objects, features, and advantages in accordance with the present invention are provided by a mobile wireless communications device according to claim 1.

0018The multi-frequency band antenna may therefore be arranged to take up a relatively small footprint yet still provide desired performance. Moreover, the antenna configuration may allow for convenient positioning at the bottom of a mobile device (e.g., cellular phone) printed circuit board (PCB), which aids in complying with applicable SAR requirements. This configuration may also allow for less impact on antenna performance due to blockage by a user's hand. That is, users typically hold cellular phones toward the middle to upper portion of the phone housing, and are therefore more likely to put their hands over such an antenna than they are an antenna positioned adjacent the lower portion of the housing.

0019The main loop conductor may advantageously have at least one tuning feature therein. By way of example, such tuning features may include meanders, zig-zags, loops, as well as other geometrical shapes. The first, second, and/or tuning branch conductors may also include similar tuning features therein. The mobile wireless communications device may further include a dielectric substrate supporting the multi-frequency band antenna, and the main loop conductor, first and second branch conductors, and tuning branch conductor may each comprise a respective conductive trace on the dielectric substrate. The mobile wireless communications device may also include wireless transceiver circuitry carried by the dielectric substrate and connected to the multi-frequency band antenna.

0020A method aspect of the invention is for making a mobile wireless communications device and is defined by claims.

<u>Brief Description of the Drawings</u>

0021<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> is a schematic block diagram of a mobile wireless communications device in accordance with the present invention illustrating certain internal components thereof.</li><li><figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref> is a front elevational view of the mobile wireless communications device of <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>.</li><li><figref idref="f0003">FIG. 3</figref> is a schematic diagram generally illustrating a multi-frequency band antenna for the mobile wireless communications device of <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>.</li><li><figref idref="f0003 f0004 f0005">FIGS. 4-6</figref> are schematic diagrams of different embodiments of tuning features which may be used in various portions of the antenna of <figref idref="f0003">FIG. 3</figref>.</li><li><figref idref="f0006">FIG. 7</figref> is a perspective view of an embodiment of a dielectric substrate and associated antenna for use in the mobile wireless communications device of <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>.</li><li><figref idref="f0007">FIG. 8</figref> is a rear elevational view of the dielectric substrate of <figref idref="f0006">FIG. 7</figref>.</li><li><figref idref="f0008">FIGS 9</figref> and <figref idref="f0009">10</figref> are perspective views of another embodiment of a dielectric substrate and associated .antenna for use in the mobile wireless communications device shown from the top of the substrate looking down, and from the bottom of the substrate looking up, respectively.</li><li><figref idref="f0010">FIGS. 11 and 12</figref> are flow diagrams of methods for making a mobile wireless communications device in accordance with the present invention.</li><li><figref idref="f0011">FIG. 13</figref> is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary mobile wireless communications device for use with the present invention.</li></ul>

<u>Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments</u>

0022The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime notation is used to indicate similar elements in alternate embodiments.

0023Referring initially to <figref idref="f0001">FIGS. 1</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">2</figref>, a mobile wireless communications device, such as a mobile cellular device <b>20,</b> in accordance with the present invention is first described. The cellular device <b>20</b> illustratively includes a housing <b>21</b> having an upper portion <b>46</b> and a lower portion <b>47,</b> and a main dielectric substrate <b>67,</b> such as a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, for example, carried by the housing. The illustrated housing <b>21</b> is a static housing, for example, as opposed to a flip or sliding housing which are used in many cellular telephones. However, these and other housing configurations may also be used.

0024Various circuitry <b>48</b> is carried by the dielectric substrate <b>67,</b> such as a microprocessor, memory, one or more wireless transceivers (e.g., cellular, WLAN, etc.), audio and power circuitry, etc., as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, and as will be discussed further below. A battery (not shown) is also preferably carried by the housing <b>21</b> for supplying power to the circuitry <b>48.</b>

0025Furthermore, an audio output transducer <b>49</b> (e.g., a speaker) is carried by the upper portion <b>46</b> of the housing <b>21</b> and connected to the circuitry <b>48.</b> One or more user input interface devices, such as a keypad <b>23,</b> is also preferably carried by the housing <b>21</b> and connected to the circuitry <b>48.</b> Other examples of user input interface devices include a scroll wheel <b>37</b> and a back button <b>36.</b> Of course, it will be appreciated that other user input interface devices (e.g., a stylus or touch screen interface) may be used in other embodiments.

0026The cellular device <b>20</b> further illustratively includes an antenna <b>45</b> carried within the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21</b> comprising a pattern of conductive traces on the dielectric substrate <b>67,</b> as will be discussed further below. By placing the antenna <b>45</b> adjacent the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21,</b> this advantageously increases the distance between the antenna and the user's head when the phone is in use to aid in complying with applicable SAR requirements.

0027More particularly, a user will typically hold the upper portion of the housing <b>21</b> very close to his head so that the audio output transducer <b>49</b> is directly next to his ear. Yet, the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21</b> where an audio input transducer (i.e., microphone) is located need not be placed directly next to a user's mouth, and is typically held away from the user's mouth. That is, holding the audio input transducer close to the user's mouth may not only be uncomfortable for the user, but it may also distort the user's voice in some circumstances. In addition, the placement of the antenna <b>45</b> adjacent the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21</b> also advantageously spaces the antenna farther away from the user's brain.

0028Another important benefit of placing the antenna <b>45</b> adjacent the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21</b> is that this may allow for less impact on antenna performance due to blockage by a user's hand. That is, users typically hold cellular phones toward the middle to upper portion of the phone housing, and are therefore more likely to put their hands over such an antenna than they are an antenna mounted adjacent the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21.</b> Accordingly, more reliable performance may be achieved from placing the antenna <b>45</b> adjacent the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing <b>21.</b>

0029Still another benefit of this configuration is that it provides more room for one or more auxiliary input/output (I/O) devices <b>50</b> to be carried at the upper portion <b>46</b> of the housing. Furthermore, by separating the antenna <b>45</b> from the auxiliary I/O device(s) <b>50,</b> this may allow for reduced interference therebetween.

0030Some examples of auxiliary I/O devices <b>50</b> include a WLAN (e.g., Bluetooth™, IEEE 802.11) antenna for providing WLAN communication capabilities, and/or a satellite positioning system (e.g., GPS, Galileo, etc.) antenna for providing position location capabilities, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Other examples of auxiliary I/O devices <b>50</b> include a second audio output transducer (e.g., a speaker for speaker phone operation), and a camera lens for providing digital camera capabilities, an electrical device connector (e.g., USB, headphone, secure digital (SD) or memory card, etc.).

0031It should be noted that the term "input/output" as used herein for the auxiliary I/O device(s) 50 means that such devices may have input and/or output capabilities, and they need not provide both in all embodiments. That is, devices such as camera lenses may only receive an optical input, for example, while a headphone jack may only provide an audio output.

0032The device <b>20</b> further illustratively includes a display <b>22</b> carried by the housing <b>21</b> and connected to the circuitry <b>48.</b> The back button <b>36</b> and scroll wheel <b>37</b> are also connected to the circuitry <b>48</b> for allowing a user to navigate menus, text, etc., as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The scroll wheel <b>37</b> may also be referred to as a "thumb wheel" or a "track wheel" in some instances. The keypad <b>23</b> illustratively includes a plurality of multi-symbol keys <b>24</b> each having indicia of a plurality of respective symbols thereon. The keypad <b>23</b> also illustratively includes an alternate function key <b>25,</b> a next key <b>26,</b> a space key <b>27,</b> a shift key <b>28,</b> a return (or enter) key <b>29,</b> and a backspace/delete key <b>30.</b>

0033The next key <b>26</b> is also used to enter a "*" symbol upon first pressing or actuating the alternate function key <b>25.</b> Similarly, the space key <b>27,</b> shift key <b>28</b> and backspace key <b>30</b> are used to enter a "0" and "#", respectively, upon first actuating the alternate function key <b>25.</b> The keypad <b>23</b> further illustratively includes a send key <b>31,</b> an end key <b>32,</b> and a convenience (i.e., menu) key <b>39</b> for use in placing cellular telephone calls, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

0034Moreover, the symbols on each key <b>24</b> are arranged in top and bottom rows. The symbols in the bottom rows are entered when a user presses a key <b>24</b> without first pressing the alternate function key <b>25,</b> while the top row symbols are entered by first pressing the alternate function key. As seen in <figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref>, the multi-symbol keys <b>24</b> are arranged in the first three rows on the keypad <b>23</b> below the send and end keys <b>31, 32.</b> Furthermore, the letter symbols on each of the keys <b>24</b> are arranged to define a QWERTY layout. That is, the letters on the keypad <b>23</b> are presented in a three-row format, with the letters of each row being in the same order and relative position as in a standard QWERTY keypad.

0035Each row of keys (including the fourth row of function keys <b>25-29</b>) are arranged in five columns. The multi-symbol keys <b>24</b> in the second, third, and fourth columns of the first, second, and third rows have numeric indicia thereon (i.e., 1 through 9) accessible by first actuating the alternate function key <b>25.</b> Coupled with the next, space, and shift keys <b>26, 27, 28,</b> which respectively enter a "*", "0", and "#" upon first actuating the alternate function key <b>25,</b> as noted above, this set of keys defines a standard telephone keypad layout, as would be found on a traditional touch-tone telephone, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

0036Accordingly, the mobile cellular device <b>20</b> may advantageously be used not only as a traditional cellular phone, but it may also be conveniently used for sending and/or receiving data over a cellular or other network, such as Internet and email data, for example. Of course, other keypad configurations may also be used in other embodiments. Multi-tap or predictive entry modes may be used for typing e-mails, etc. as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

0037Exemplary implementations of the antenna <b>45</b> are now discussed with reference to <figref idref="f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009">FIGS. 3 through 10</figref>. The antenna <b>45</b> is preferably a multi-frequency band antenna which provides enhanced transmission and reception characteristics over multiple operating frequencies. More particularly, the antenna <b>45</b> is designed to provide high gain, desired impedance matching, and meet applicable SAR requirements over a relatively wide bandwidth and multiple cellular frequency bands. By way of example, the antenna <b>45</b> preferably operates over five bands, namely a 850 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) band, a 900 MHz GSM band, a DCS band, a PCS band, and a WCDMA band (i.e., up to about 2100 MHz), although it may be used for other bands/frequencies as well.

0038To conserve space, the antenna <b>45</b> may advantageously be implemented in three dimensions, as seen in <figref idref="f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009">FIGS. 7 through 10</figref>, although it may be implemented in two-dimensional or planar embodiments as well. The antenna <b>45</b> illustratively includes a first section <b>61</b> on the PCB <b>67.</b> A second section <b>62</b> wraps around from the PCB <b>67</b> onto an L-shaped dielectric extension or antenna retainer frame <b>63</b> which includes a vertical portion <b>51</b> extending outwardly from the PCB <b>67,</b> and an overhang portion <b>68</b> extending outwardly from the vertical portion and above an adjacent portion of the PCB. In some embodiments, sidewalls <b>55</b> may also be positioned on opposing ends of the L-shaped dielectric extension <b>63</b> to provide additional support, if desired (see <figref idref="f0006">FIGS. 7</figref> and <figref idref="f0008">9</figref>).

0039The second section <b>62</b> of the antenna <b>45</b> illustratively includes a main loop antenna conductor <b>64</b> having a gap therein defining first and second ends <b>52, 53</b> of the main loop conductor. The first section <b>61</b> of the antenna <b>45</b> illustratively includes a first branch conductor <b>70,</b> a second branch conductor <b>71,</b> and a tuning branch conductor <b>72.</b> More particularly, the first branch conductor <b>70</b> has a first end connected adjacent the first end <b>52</b> of the main loop conductor <b>64,</b> and a second end defining a first feed point, which in the illustrated example is connected to a signal source <b>54</b> (e.g., a wireless transceiver). The second branch conductor <b>71</b> has a first end connected adjacent the second end <b>53</b> of the main loop conductor <b>64</b> and a second end defining a second feed point, which in the illustrated example is connected to a ground plane conductor <b>69</b> of the PCB (<figref idref="f0007">FIG. 8</figref>).

0040The tuning branch conductor <b>72</b> has a first end connected to the main loop conductor <b>64</b> between the respective first ends of the first and second branches. That is, the first end of the tuning branch conductor <b>72</b> is connected to the main loop conductor <b>64</b> at some point along the length thereof between the first and second branch conductors <b>70, 71.</b> The position of the branch <b>72</b> between sections <b>77</b> and <b>78</b> may conveniently be varied without significant effect on frequency parameters. In the present example, the main loop conductor <b>64</b> has a generally rectangular shape with a first side including segments <b>75-78</b> and the gap, an opposing second side <b>74,</b> and opposing first and second ends <b>79, 80.</b> The first and second sections <b>61, 62</b> of the antenna <b>45</b> may be formed using printed or patterned conductive circuit traces, as seen in <figref idref="f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009">FIGS. 7-10</figref>.

0041While the respective first ends of the first branch conductor <b>70,</b> the second branch conductor <b>71,</b> and the tuning branch conductor <b>72</b> are connected to the first side of the main loop conductor <b>64</b> in the illustrated embodiment, other configurations are also possible. For example, the first end of the tuning branch conductor <b>72</b> may be connected to the second side <b>74</b> or either of the first and second ends <b>79, 80.</b>

0042As noted above, the second section <b>62</b> of the antenna <b>45</b> may be positioned on the vertical portion <b>51</b> of the L-shaped dielectric extension <b>63.</b> This advantageously allows the overall footprint of the antenna <b>45</b> on the top (i.e., circuitry) side of the PCB <b>67</b> to be significantly reduced. Moreover, portions of the main loop conductor <b>64</b> may also wrap around onto the overhang portion <b>68</b> of the dielectric extension <b>63</b> to provide still further space savings. It should be noted, however, that the antenna <b>45</b> may be implemented in two dimensions (i.e., where the first and second sections <b>61, 62</b> are in the same plane), in certain embodiments if enough space is available, and that other 3D configurations are also possible, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

0043The main loop conductor <b>64</b> is defined by sections <b>74-80.</b> The first branch conductor <b>70</b> may be connected to the signal source <b>54</b> with or without a passive matching network, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The second branch conductor <b>71</b> is preferably connected to ground without a matching network, and the tuning branch conductor <b>72</b> is floating (i.e., not connected to the signal source <b>54</b> or ground).

0044Generally speaking, the length of branches <b>70, 71,</b> and <b>72</b> are used to set the center frequency of operation. The square meandering or back-and-forth patterns of the branch conductors <b>70</b> and <b>72</b> is a tuning feature which can be used to change electric length, which varies the center frequency. Moreover, different shapes (i.e., tuning features) of the branches <b>70, 71, 72</b> may also be used to provide different frequencies. For example, in addition to the meandering and straight-line shapes illustrated in <figref idref="f0003">FIG. 3</figref>, other geometries which may be used for these branches include a saw-toothed or triangular meander <b>40</b> (<figref idref="f0003">FIG. 4A</figref>), a branch <b>41</b> with a loop (<figref idref="f0003">FIG. 4B</figref>), etc. Various other shapes and combinations thereof may also be used to provide different frequency characteristics, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

0045The section <b>73</b> of the main loop conductor <b>64</b> may also be used to control operating frequency. A variety of shapes and/or cut-outs may be used for the section <b>73.</b> Such tuning features may include, for example, a "dog bone" <b>90</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5A</figref>), a half dog bone <b>91</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5B</figref>), a hairpin <b>92</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5C</figref>), a double hairpin <b>93</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5D</figref>), a hairpin with a loop <b>94</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5E</figref>), a meander <b>95</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5F</figref>), and a sawtooth <b>96</b> (<figref idref="f0004">FIG. 5G</figref>). Moreover, in some embodiments the entire main loop conductor <b>64</b> may take one of the foregoing shapes or others, rather than just a section(s) thereof.

0046If an circuit element is needed in certain embodiments to adjust input impedance and/or widen bandwidth, a loop type pattern may be used, which creates an additional resonant tuning stage, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. If adequate space is available, straight-line portions may be used in the appropriate length. Yet, space is typically at a premium for internal cellular device antennas, and particularly so for compact models, and thus one of the above-described shapes (or others) will likely be preferred.

0047The width and shape of the section <b>74</b> influences antenna gain. The length of section <b>74</b> also impacts the operating frequency. However, it should be noted that the lengths of the sections <b>70, 71, 72,</b> and <b>73</b> (i.e., the length of the entire antenna <b>45</b>) also affects the operating frequency; as is the case with a typical dipole antenna.

0048The main loop conductor <b>64</b> may take a plurality of shapes, widths, and thicknesses. By way of example, the main loop conductor <b>64</b> may also be generally circular, square, polygonal, etc., although other shapes may also be used such as a U-shape <b>97</b> (<figref idref="f0005">FIG. 6A</figref>), a semi-circle <b>98</b> (<figref idref="f0005">FIG. 6B</figref>), and a kidney bean shape <b>99</b> (<figref idref="f0005">FIG. 6C</figref>).

0049Moreover, the section <b>74</b> may also have notches, patches, etc. Patches may be used to add surface area so that the section <b>74</b> can shape the beam. It should be noted that, in the case of a cellular telephone, the beam should preferably be directed away from the telephone, i.e., perpendicular to the plane of the PCB <b>37.</b> By way of example, the width of the antenna <b>45</b> may be about 7 cm or less, the height of the first section <b>61</b> may be about 1 to 3 cm, and the height of the second section <b>62</b> may be about 1 to 3 cm depending upon the given implementation. Of course, other dimensions may also be used.

0050Regarding the S11 impedance characteristics of the antenna <b>45,</b> to provide wide bandwidth a good match is needed over the frequency range of interest. Thus, it is desirable to shrink the S11 circle and then move the shrunken circle to the 50 Ohm center point, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The area <b>73,</b> as well as other portions of the antenna <b>45,</b> may be used to shrink and/or move the S11 circle, which is preferably done in a distributed fashion. Further, the matching network and meandering portions of the antenna <b>45</b> may also be used to move the S11 circle toward the desired 50 Ohm center point. The center of the shrunken S11 circle is less critical since it can advantageously be moved toward the 50 Ohm point as noted above in accordance with the present invention.

0051General speaking, the above-described antenna <b>45</b> allows various shapes and lengths to be utilized to provide appropriate electrical lengths and current distribution. Some shapes are simple delay lines, while other shapes are designed to affect current in a particular area. As noted above, given unlimited space, many of the shapes and geometries described above may not be necessary. However, it is within the space constrained environments of mobile wireless communications devices, such as cellular telephones, where the above-described antenna features are particularly advantageous for providing desired performance over multiple operating bands.

0052Various changes in the basic layout of the antenna <b>45</b> may be made in certain embodiments. By way of example, the tuning branch <b>72</b> may be moved so that it extends from section <b>74</b> instead of area <b>73.</b> Other changes are also possible, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

0053The PCB <b>67</b> has a first surface on which the circuitry <b>48</b> is positioned, and a second surface on which the ground plane conductor <b>69</b> is positioned. Preferably, the portions of the main loop conductor <b>64</b> on the overhang portion <b>68</b> of the L-shaped dielectric extension <b>63</b> are relatively positioned so as not to overlap the ground plane conductor <b>69.</b> This has been found to provide enhanced antenna performance characteristics. Similarly, it is also preferable that none of the first, second or tuning branch conductors <b>70, 71, 72</b> overlap the ground plane conductor <b>69.</b>

0054A first method aspect of the invention for making a mobile wireless communications device <b>20</b> is now described with reference to <figref idref="f0010">FIG. 11</figref>. The method begins (Block <b>110</b>) with providing a housing <b>21</b> having an upper portion <b>46</b> and a lower portion <b>47,</b> a dielectric substrate <b>67</b> carried by the housing, circuitry <b>48</b> carried by the dielectric substrate, an audio output transducer <b>49</b> carried by the upper portion of the housing and connected to the circuitry, and a user input interface device (e.g., the keypad <b>23</b>) carried by the housing and connected to the circuitry, at Block <b>111.</b> The method further illustratively includes positioning at least one auxiliary input/output device <b>50</b> within the upper portion <b>46</b> of the housing <b>21</b> and connected to the circuitry <b>48,</b> at Block <b>112,</b> and positioning an antenna <b>45</b> within the lower portion <b>47</b> of the housing and comprising a pattern of conductive traces on the dielectric substrate, at Block <b>113,</b> thus concluding the illustrated method (Block <b>114</b>).

0055Another method aspect of the invention for making a mobile wireless communications device <b>20</b> is now described with reference to <figref idref="f0010">FIG. 12</figref>. The method begins (Block <b>120</b>) with forming an L-shaped dielectric extension <b>63</b> comprising a vertical portion <b>51</b> and an overhang portion <b>68</b> extending outwardly from the vertical portion, with at least one conductive trace on the overhang portion, at Block <b>121.</b> The method further illustratively includes connecting the vertical portion <b>51</b> of the L-shaped dielectric extension <b>63</b> to a main dielectric substrate <b>67</b> so that the vertical portion extends outwardly therefrom, so that the overhang portion <b>68</b> extends above an adjacent portion of the main dielectric substrate <b>67,</b> and the at least one conductive trace does not overlap a ground plane conductor <b>69</b> on the dielectric substrate, at Block <b>122.</b> Further, the main dielectric substrate <b>67</b> may be mounted in a housing <b>21,</b> at Block <b>123,</b> thus concluding the illustrated method (Block <b>124</b>). Of course, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the order of steps described in the above-noted methods is merely exemplary, and various steps may be performed in different orders in different embodiments.

0056Another example of a hand-held mobile wireless communications device <b>1000</b> that may be used in accordance the present invention is further described in the example below with reference to <figref idref="f0011">FIG. 13</figref>. The device <b>1000</b> illustratively includes a housing <b>1200,</b> a keypad <b>1400</b> and an output device <b>1600.</b> The output device shown is a display <b>1600,</b> which is preferably a full graphic LCD. Other types of output devices may alternatively be utilized. A processing device <b>1800</b> is contained within the housing <b>1200</b> and is coupled between the keypad <b>1400</b> and the display <b>1600.</b> The processing device <b>1800</b> controls the operation of the display <b>1600,</b> as well as the overall operation of the mobile device <b>1000,</b> in response to actuation of keys on the keypad <b>1400</b> by the user.

0057The housing <b>1200</b> may be elongated vertically, or may take on other sizes and shapes (including clamshell housing structures). The keypad may include a mode selection key, or other hardware or software for switching between text entry and telephony entry.

0058In addition to the processing device <b>1800,</b> other parts of the mobile device <b>1000</b> are shown schematically in <figref idref="f0011">FIG. 13</figref>. These include a communications subsystem <b>1001;</b> a short-range communications subsystem <b>1020;</b> the keypad <b>1400</b> and the display <b>1600,</b> along with other input/output devices <b>1060, 1080, 1100</b> and <b>1120;</b> as well as memory devices <b>1160, 1180</b> and various other device subsystems <b>1201.</b> The mobile device <b>1000</b> is preferably a two-way RF communications device having voice and data communications capabilities. In addiction, the mobile device <b>1000</b> preferably has the capability to communicate with other computer systems via the Internet.

0059Operating system software executed by the processing device <b>1800</b> is preferably stored in a persistent store, such as the flash memory <b>1160,</b> but may be stored in other types of memory devices, such as a read only memory (ROM) or similar storage element. In addition, system software, specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store, such as the random access memory (RAM) <b>1180.</b> Communications signals received by the mobile device may also be stored in the RAM <b>1180.</b>

0060The processing device <b>1800,</b> in addition to its operating system functions, enables execution of software applications <b>1300A-1300N</b> on the device <b>1000.</b> A predetermined set of applications that control basic device operations, such as data and voice communications <b>1300A</b> and <b>1300B,</b> may be installed on the device <b>1000</b> during manufacture. In addition, a personal information manager (PIM) application may be installed during manufacture. The PIM is preferably capable of organizing and managing data items, such as e-mail, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. The PIM application is also preferably capable of sending and receiving data items via a wireless network <b>1401.</b> Preferably, the PIM data items are seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated via the wireless network <b>1401</b> with the device user's corresponding data items stored or associated with a host computer system.

0061Communication functions, including data and voice communications, are performed through the communications subsystem <b>1001,</b> and possibly through the short-range communications subsystem. The communications subsystem <b>1001</b> includes a receiver <b>1500,</b> a transmitter <b>1520,</b> and one or more antennas <b>1540</b> and <b>1560.</b> In addition, the communications subsystem <b>1001</b> also includes a processing module, such as a digital signal processor (DSP) <b>1580,</b> and local oscillators (LOs) <b>1601.</b> The specific design and implementation of the communications subsystem <b>1001</b> is dependent upon the communications network in which the mobile device <b>1000</b> is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device <b>1000</b> may include a communications subsystem <b>1001</b> designed to operate with the Mobitex™, Data TAC™ or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) mobile data communications networks, and also designed to operate with any of a variety of voice communications networks, such as AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, PCS, GSM, etc. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate and integrated, may also be utilized with the mobile device <b>1000.</b>

0062Network access requirements vary depending upon the type of communication system. For example, in the Mobitex™ and DataTAC™ networks, mobile devices are registered on the network using a unique personal identification number or PIN associated with each device. In GPRS networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber or user of a device. A GPRS device therefore requires a subscriber identity module, commonly referred to as a SIM card, in order to operate on a GPRS network.

0063When required network registration or activation procedures have been completed, the mobile device <b>1000</b> may send and receive communications signals over the communication network <b>1401.</b> Signals received from the communications network <b>1401</b> by the antenna <b>1540</b> are routed to the receiver <b>1500,</b> which provides for signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provide analog to digital conversion. Analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal allows the DSP <b>1580</b> to perform more complex communications functions, such as demodulation and decoding. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted to the network <b>1401</b> are processed (e.g. modulated and encoded) by the DSP <b>1580</b> and are then provided to the transmitter <b>1520</b> for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission to the communication network <b>1401</b> (or networks) via the antenna <b>1560.</b>

0064In addition to processing communications signals, the DSP <b>1580</b> provides for control of the receiver <b>1500</b> and the transmitter <b>1520.</b> For example, gains applied to communications signals in the receiver <b>1500</b> and transmitter <b>1520</b> may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the DSP <b>1580.</b>

0065In a data communications mode, a received signal, such as a text message or web page download, is processed by the communications subsystem <b>1001</b> and is input to the processing device <b>1800.</b> The received signal is then further processed by the processing device <b>1800</b> for an output to the display <b>1600,</b> or alternatively to some other auxiliary I/O device <b>1060.</b> A device user may also compose data items, such as e-mail messages, using the keypad <b>1400</b> and/or some other auxiliary I/O device <b>1060,</b> such as a touchpad, a rocker switch, a thumb-wheel, or some other type of input device. The composed data items may then be transmitted over the communications network <b>1401</b> via the communications subsystem <b>1001.</b>

0066In a voice communications mode, overall operation of the device is substantially similar to the data communications mode, except that received signals are output to a speaker <b>1100,</b> and signals for transmission are generated by a microphone <b>1120.</b> Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on the device <b>1000.</b> In addition, the display <b>1600</b> may also be utilized in voice communications mode, for example to display the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information.

0067The short-range communications subsystem enables communication between the mobile device <b>1000</b> and other proximate systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices. For example, the short-range communications subsystem may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components, or a Bluetooth™ communications module to provide for communication with similarly-enabled systems and devices.