Forward view apparatus for motor vehicles

Field of the invention

This invention relates to forward viewing apparatus, and in particular relates to forward-viewing apparatus for use on vehicles such as motor vehicles.

Background

It is said that a driver of a motor vehicle should, when driving in a stream of traffic, always drive two or three cars ahead. That expression means that a driver should look ahead to a vehicle two or three vehicles in front of his or her own, so that the driver may react to any change of direction, or more importantly speed, of that vehicle, rather than wait for such a change in the vehicle immediately in front of his or her own.

However, in the traffic mix these days in, for example, Australian cities, it is becoming more and more difficult to drive two or three vehicles ahead, because drivers often cannot see past the vehicle immediately in front of his or her vehicle. Many vehicles now have heavily tinted windows, which makes it difficult or impossible to see through a car or station wagon to vehicles in front of it. Furthermore, there are many more trucks, vans, and in particular four wheel drive "recreational vehicles", which either do not have any windows, or have heavily tinted windows, or simply ride too high for a driver to see past them.

There have been some attempts to provide mechanisms for forward-view mirrors, to enable a driver to see around such a vehicle which is immediately in front of the driver's vehicle. <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US4685779A"><text>US-A-4,685, 779</text></patcit>, apart from providing in the "Background of the Invention" section of the specification a brief description of the problem, and a useful summary of pre-1986 prior art, discloses a complicated combined forward and rearward viewing mirror assembly, having three mirrors in two body members, one of which members is attached to the door of the vehicle, and the other one of the members is coupled to the first body member by means of a linkage.

<patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US4268120A"><text>US-A-4,268,120</text></patcit> describes a forward-view mirror arrangement adapted to be located on the opposite side of a vehicle to the driver of that vehicle, such that "dead angles" may be eliminated. <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> of <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US4268120A"><text>US-A-4,268,120</text></patcit> shows a two-mirror arrangement for directing light entering a housing through a transparent cover to the driver of the vehicle. <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="GB2208633A"><text>GB-A-2,208,633</text></patcit> also describes a forward view mirror arrangement adapted for mounting on the exterior of a vehicle.

Despite the existence of conceptual forward-view mirrors, as exemplified by <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US4685779A"><text>US-A-4,685,779</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="US4268120A"><text>US-A-4,268,120</text></patcit>, and <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="GB2208633A"><text>GB-A-2,208,633</text></patcit>, which discloses prior art corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 current motor vehicles do not feature forward-view mirrors.

NMRA Insurance, an Australian insurance company, released, on 31 October 2002, a "World First Reversing Visibility Index", which resulted from measurements of the visibility from the driver's seat of a vehicle "out the back of a car". Many vehicles tested had large blind spots behind the vehicle. In media coverage of the Index, it was suggested that one way of overcoming a blind spot problem was to install a video camera at the rear of a vehicle, pointing rearwards, the camera being linked to a small LCD screen located in the internal rear view mirror. However, the cost of such an arrangement was suggested to be in the order of $1,500. Such a figure would be in general applicable to a forward-view arrangement, except that ideally two cameras, one on each side of the vehicle, and two screens, would be required. That would double the cost, making it prohibitive for most persons.

It is an object of this invention to provide an effective, relatively simple, arrangement for providing forward viewing in a motor vehicle.

Summary of the Invention

The invention provides a forward view apparatus for a motor vehicle as defined in claim 1.

"Planar" includes mirror surfaces that are substantially planar.

The curved mirror may have a convex surface. It may have an aspheric surface.

Further preferred embodiments are in claims 1-14.

As claimed in claim 5, the invention may provide forward view apparatus for a motor vehicle, which apparatus provides an image from a location forward of the assembly, said image being able to be viewed by the driver of said vehicle, characterised in that there are shutter means adapted to move between a closed position and an open position, in that in said closed position light is prevented from reaching said apparatus, and in that in said open position light is able to reach said apparatus. The movement of said shutter may be a sliding movement. The forward view apparatus may be employed in a video camera and associated screen arrangement. The shutter means may be actuated by a motor controlled from within the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

As claimed in claim 6, the apparatus may further comprise a cleaning means for removing material from the window and preventing adherence of material. The material may be water or other material. The cleaning means may be an arrangement to produce a first air flow across the window when the vehicle is in forward motion.

As claimed in claim 11, additional cleaning means may be provided to clean said window. The cleaning means may be a wiper of the type used as a windscreen wiper, and/or means to apply a fluid to the outer surface of said window.

The forward view apparatus may have a first mirror, which is adapted to receive light from said vehicle in front of a vehicle directly in front of said vehicle on which said assembly is located, and to direct said light onto a second mirror, which is at an angle of approximately 125 degrees to a plane which is approximately 90 degrees to the line from said second mirror to the eyes of said driver, and said second mirror is at an angle of approximately 40 degrees to said plane.

Drawings

<figref idref="f0001 f0002 f0003 f0004">Figures 1 - 7</figref> show a forward-view apparatus useful for understanding the invention; <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> is a section through a forward-view apparatus;</li><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 2</figref> is an end elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 3</figref> is a rear elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 4</figref> is a front elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> is a section through an alternative forward-view apparatus;</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 6</figref> is a front elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 5</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 7</figref> is a rear elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 5</figref>;</li></ul>

Embodiments of the invention, which may be preferred, will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none"><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 8</figref> is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a forward view apparatus according to the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 9</figref> is a front elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 8</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 10</figref> is a rear elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 8</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0006">Fig. 11</figref> is an elevation of one exemplary window in accordance with aspects of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Fig. 12</figref> is a rear elevation of a second embodiment of a forward-view apparatus according to the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Fig. 13</figref> is a front elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 12</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Fig. 14</figref> is a section along the lines 14-14 of <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 13</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">Fig. 15</figref> is a rear elevation of a further forward-view apparatus;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">Fig. 16</figref> is a front elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 15</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">Fig. 17</figref> is a section along the lines 17-17 of <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 16</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref> is a rear elevation of a yet further forward view apparatus;</li><li><figref idref="f0009">Fig. 19</figref> is a section along the lines A-A of <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0009">Fig. 20</figref> is a side elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0010">Fig. 21</figref> is a diagrammatic view, showing the angles between two mirrors in the assembly of <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0010">Fig. 22</figref> is a plan view of one of the mirrors in the apparatus of <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0010">Fig. 23</figref> is a plan view of the other one of the mirrors of <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>;</li><li><figref idref="f0011">Fig. 24</figref> is a front elevation of another forward view apparatus;</li><li><figref idref="f0011">Fig. 25</figref> is a side elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0011">Fig. 24</figref>; and</li><li><figref idref="f0011">Fig. 26</figref> is a rear elevation of the apparatus of <figref idref="f0011">Figs. 24 and 25</figref>.</li></ul>

<figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figures 1 - 4</figref> show a right hand side forward-view apparatus 10 useful for understanding the present invention. The apparatus is adapted to be located on a motor vehicle (not shown) in the position in which a conventional rear-view mirror is located, although it must be understood that the same assembly or a mirror-image (about a line from the front to the rear of a vehicle) assembly may be provided in the left hand position. It is also to be understood that the mirror assembly is suitable for left hand drive vehicles as well as right hand drive vehicles. In the drawings, the right hand forward view apparatus 10 includes a housing 12 which may be generally similar to prior art housings for rear view wing mirrors, such housings for rear view mirror arrangements being normally formed from plastics material and having a cup shape in which a rear view mirror 14 is located.

Throughout this specification, it is to be understood that the term "front" has the same meaning as the front of the vehicle to which an assembly of the invention may be attached, and the term "rear" has the same meaning as the rear of such a vehicle.

Preferably, the housing 12 is adapted to be attached to the body of a right hand drive vehicle (not shown) just forward of the driver's door, but may be located in any suitable position. The housing 12 contains at its rear a first mirror or the like 14, which is preferably a conventional rear-view mirror adapted to be used by the driver of the vehicle to look towards the rear of the vehicle. Of course, the image in that mirror is reversed.

Referring now specifically to <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>, it should be noted that the section of <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> is along the lines A-A of <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 4</figref>. In this arrangement, the mirror apparatus 10 is preferably mounted on a pivoting breakaway point (not shown). The apparatus 10 is a separate, self-contained unit which is spaced from the vehicle, allowing the airflow created by the motion of the vehicle to pass between the car and the apparatus.

There is a forward viewing portal 16 in which the driver may see a forward-view image when he or she is desirous of looking forward, past a vehicle immediately in front of the vehicle he or she is driving, to a vehicle forward of that vehicle immediately in front of the driver's vehicle. Preferably, the portal 16 is an opening, through which the driver may see light which has passed from the front of the vehicle through the apparatus 10.

In the apparatus of <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figures 1 - 4</figref>, the forward viewing portal 16 is located at the side of the housing 12 of the apparatus 10 to the side of the mirror arrangement, with the viewing line passing behind the rear view mirror 14 and in front of a pivotal mounting point (not shown) for the apparatus 10.

In <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>, rear view mirror 14 is adjusted by means of a motor 18, in a conventional manner. The forward view mirror arrangement of <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref> includes a first mirror 20. The first mirror 20 is preferably planar, and is also preferably adjustable, manually or by use of a motor 22, which may be in an offset position. A second mirror 24 having a curved surface is located within housing 12. Second mirror 24 is preferably fixed, that is, non-adjustable. Preferably, the curved mirror 24 is one of aspheric, spherical, substantially spherical, parabolic or quasi-parabolic. However, the curvature of mirror 24 could take any form. For example, the mirror 24 may have a convex lower portion, and a substantially planar upper portion, or such an arrangement could be a side-to-side arrangement.

A window 26 is provided on housing 12, for light to reach the forward view mirror arrangement. The window 26 is clear, is preferably a sealed clear window, and is formed from a clear material such as glass or acrylic material. The shape of the window 26 follows the curvature of the front of housing 12. However, so as to maximise the forward view and to assist in the repelling of water from the surface of the window, the window 26 is preferably outwardly curved or convex, and is also preferably located towards the outer perimeter of the housing 12. A venturi and vortex arrangement 28, as described in Australian patent applications referred to later, may also be included to aid in keeping the window 26 clear of water and debris.

Light from the front of the vehicle to which the apparatus 10 is attached initially strikes fixed mirror 24, is reflected to adjustable mirror 20 and is again reflected through forward viewing portal 16 to the eye of the driver of the vehicle. In the arrangement of <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>, the apparatus 10 is preferably only to be used for viewing through the driver's window, or the passenger's window for the opposite side of the vehicle to that of the driver.

In <figref idref="f0003 f0004">Figs. 5 to 7</figref>, an alternative forward view apparatus 110 is shown. The section of <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 5</figref> is along the lines A-A of <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 6</figref>. The forward view apparatus 110 has a housing 112 (similar generally similar to housing 12 of <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>) preferably integrated with a body (The body 130 is shown in part by a triangular door/window mounting plate) of a vehicle to which the apparatus is attached. Thus, air cannot pass between the apparatus 110 and the vehicle, unlike the situation described in relation to <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>.

Apparatus 110 has a conventional rear view mirror 114, adjustable in a conventional manner by a motor 118. A forward view portal 116 is located in the side of the housing 112. A first, inboard, mirror 120 is mounted in housing 112, but also extends beyond the housing as shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 5</figref>. The first mirror 120 is planar, and is also preferably adjustable, manually, or by use of a motor 122.

A second mirror 124 is located within housing 112. Second mirror 124 is preferably fixed, that is, non-adjustable. The second mirror has a curved surface. More preferably, the mirror 124 is aspheric, spherical or substantially spherical, parabolic or quasi-parabolic. However, the curvature of mirror 124 could take any form. For example, the mirror 124 may have a convex lower portion, and a substantially planar upper portion, or such an arrangement could be a side-to-side arrangement.

A window 126 is provided on housing 112, for light to reach the forward view mirror arrangement. The window 126 is clear, is preferably a sealed clear window, and is preferably formed from glass or acrylic material. The window 126 in this alternative apparatus 110 is more centrally located on housing 112, as shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 6</figref>. This allows for peripheral indicators (not shown) to be accommodated on the housing 112, and for more centralised mounting of the motor 122.

The shape of the window 126 preferably follows the curvature of the front of housing 112, but to maximise the forward view and to assist in the repelling of water from the surface of the window, the window 126 is preferably outwardly curved or convex, and is also preferably located towards the outer perimeter of the housing 112. A venturi and vortex arrangement 128, as described in relation to <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>, may also be included to aid in keeping the window 126 clear of water and debris.

Light from the front of the vehicle to which the apparatus 110 is attached initially strikes fixed mirror 124, is reflected to adjustable mirror 120 and is again reflected through forward viewing portal or area 116 to the eye of the driver of the vehicle. In the arrangement of <figref idref="f0003 f0004">Figs. 5 to 7</figref>, the apparatus 110 is preferably only to be used for viewing through the driver's window, or the passenger's window for the opposite side of the vehicle to that of the driver.

A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in <figref idref="f0004 f0005">Figs. 8 to 10</figref>. The section of <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 8</figref> is along the lines A-A of <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 9</figref>. In this embodiment, a forward view apparatus 210 has a housing (generally similar to housing 12 of <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs.1 to 4</figref>) that is preferably integrated with the body (the triangular door/window mounting plate of which is shown at 230) of a vehicle to which the apparatus is attached, in a similar manner to the arrangement of <figref idref="f0003 f0004">Figs. 5 to 7</figref>. Thus, again, air cannot pass between the apparatus 210 and the vehicle, unlike the situation described in relation to <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>.

Apparatus 210 has a conventional rear view mirror 214, preferably adjustable in a conventional manner by a motor 218. A forward view portal 216 is located in the housing 212 on the inboard side of mirror 214. A first, inboard, mirror 220 is located in door/window mounting plate or bracket 230 (<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 8</figref>). The first mirror 220 is planar, and is also preferably adjustable, manually, or by use of a motor 222. A pivot point 232 aft of the mirror 220 and motor 222 allows part of the apparatus 210 to fall back against the body of the vehicle, rearwards of the mounting plate 230, if it is hit, or for parking. The housing 212 of the apparatus 210 separates from the mounting plate 230 along a breakaway line 234 outboard of the mirror 220. An extended flange on the window is adapted to engage with an imbedded O ring (not shown) for sealing when the housing 212 returns to its operational position.

Movement of the housing 212 about pivot point 232 may be effected manually or by using a motor or the like (not shown).

The viewing portal, in the embodiment of <figref idref="f0004 f0005">Figs. 8 to 10</figref>, facilitates viewing through the mounting plate 230, that is, through the door rather than through the vehicle window.

A second mirror 224 is located within housing 212. Second mirror 224 is preferably fixed, that is, non-adjustable, and is curved. More preferably, the mirror 224 is one of aspheric, spherical, substantially spherical, parabolic or quasi-parabolic.

However, the curvature of mirror 224 could take any form. For example, the mirror 224 may have a convex lower portion, and a substantially planar upper portion, or such an arrangement could be a side-to-side arrangement.

A window 226 is provided on housing 212, for light to reach the forward view mirror apparatus. The window 226 is clear, is preferably a sealed clear window, and is preferably formed from glass or acrylic material. The shape of the window 226 preferably follows the curvature of the front of housing 212, but to maximise the forward view and to assist in the repelling of water from the surface of the window, the window 226 is preferably outwardly curved or convex, and is also preferably located towards the inner perimeter of the housing 212. A venturi and vortex arrangement, as described in related applications, may also be included to aid in keeping the window 226 clear of water and debris.

Light from the front of the vehicle to which the arrangement 210 is attached initially strikes fixed mirror 224, is reflected to adjustable mirror 220 and is again reflected through forward viewing portal 216 to the eye of the driver of the vehicle.

As described hereinbefore, the viewing portal 226 is preferably located within mounting plate 230. Such an arrangement facilitates a method of viewing the forward view mirror apparatus 210 from within the vehicle. The benefits of this feature are twofold. Firstly, a delineated boundary is created between the rear view mirror 214 and the forward view mirror 220, when the driver looks at the apparatus 210. Secondly, because the portal 216 is in communication both with the interior of the apparatus 210 and that of the vehicle, the mirrors 220 and 224 are less likely to fog up, as the interior of the arrangement is kept at or near the ambient temperature of the interior of the vehicle, thus cleaning or demisting the mirrors.

Mounting of the rear view mirror motor 218 may be central in the apparatus 210, or may be as it is in conventional rear view mirrors. The adjustable mirror 220 and associated motor 222, being located within mounting plate 230, in the door of the vehicle, and being located somewhat further forward, may facilitate improved viewing, particularly on the driver's side. It is believed that the actual size of the wing mirrors (housings 212 of arrangement 210) would be in general no larger than existing wing mirrors. The peripheral indicators, mentioned hereinbefore, may be accommodated within housing 212 with minimal modification. The mirror 224 may be moved outboard from the position shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 8</figref>, if no indicator is required, which would facilitate a slightly improved view. Both driver's side and passenger side portals (216 and not shown) are readily visible without the need to look through the side windows.

As far as the configuration of the mirrors 20,120, 220, 24, 124 and 224 is concerned, the major problem involved visibility through the left and right viewing portals 16,116, 216. By moving the mirror 22/122/222 and the associated motor 22,122,222 forward (which is more readily achieved when those components are built into the door, as in apparatus 210) the angle of the mirror 20/120/220 may be set at approximately right angles to the vehicle. Preferably, the mirror 20/120/220 is tilted back approximately 5°, and mirror 24/124/224 is set at an angle of approximately 50° to approximately 60° to the vehicle. Where mirror 24/124/224 is aspheric, a greatly enhanced view of the front wheel of the vehicle, along the side of the bonnet of the vehicle, and approximately 200 metres ahead may be achieved on the passenger side. On the driver's side, by rotating mirror 20/120/220 approximately 10°, and by tilting mirror 20/120/220 back approximately 5°, a similar result is achieved.

It has been found that a parabolic mirror, used as a mirror 24/124/224, was not very satisfactory, as it was felt that its curvature was too great, providing as a result too much of a peripheral view to the left and the right. It is felt that an aspheric mirror, flatter in profile that a parabolic mirror, addressing both distance and the positioning of the front wheel of the vehicle, would be more desirable.

Turning now to the windows 26,126, 226, <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 11</figref> shows a preferred shape for such a window. The window 26 illustrated is exemplary of a window for a driver's side arrangement 10 for a right hand drive vehicle, and a mirror-image may be used for the passenger side of such a vehicle. Although the window is shown as 226, it could be a window 26 or 126. In all three arrangements, the window 26/126/226 is preferably curved or convex to follow the normal shape of a wing mirror arrangement, in an endeavour to minimise water retention. The viewing glass or acrylic window 26/126/226 is preferably sealed and airtight, that is, as far as allowing water, debris and so on into the interior of apparatus 10/110/210. The position and angle of the apparatus 10/110/210 means that water and road grime will be deflected off the windscreen of the vehicle and across the front surface of the viewing window 26/126/226. To counteract this and to facilitate clean viewing through the window 26/126/226, a concave surface portion 34 (<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>) inboard of the window 26, is provided. Surface portion 34, together with a protrusion or wing 36, located between the window 26 and the surface area 34, comprises a system which gathers and disperses water, debris and so on. Any water, road grime and the like which does land on the surface of window 26 is moved sideways and across the window 26 by the venturi vortex 28 described in earlier associated applications. Although the features 34 and 36 have been described in relation to the apparatus of <figref idref="f0001 f0002">Figs. 1 to 4</figref>, it is to be understood that they are equally applicable to the apparatus of <figref idref="f0003 f0004">Figs. 5 to 7</figref> and <figref idref="f0004">8</figref> to <figref idref="f0005">10</figref>.

As has been stated, a similar unit may (in the case of a right hand drive vehicle) be located on the left hand side of the vehicle, to look forward along the left side of the vehicle. Preferably, both apparatus 10,110, 210, would have mirror adjustments by electric motors, operable from a position conveniently close to the driver.

Alternatively, adjustments may be made manually. Such an alternative is particularly suited to arrangement 220, where a manual adjusting means could be located within reach of the driver/passenger.

With regard to <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 3</figref>, by increasing the size of first mirror by approximately 20mm horizontally, no motor is needed to adjust the adjustable mirror for the different sizes of drivers. This means that the mirror may be fixed in one position. The only movement necessary could be achieved manually when changing from right to left hand drive vehicles, and that could be set in the factory.

Viewing the forward view apparatus from inside a vehicle and not through the driver's side window creates far greater differentiation and greater user friendliness. It also means that the inboard and outboard mirrors may be heated from within the vehicle. This negates the need for designated heating within the assembly housing.

<figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref> show another embodiment of forward view apparatus according to the present invention. The apparatus 310 is of the type denoted in earlier drawings figures by reference numerals 10,110 and 210. The apparatus 310 has a housing 312 which may be adapted to be attached to the body of a right hand drive vehicle (not shown) just forward of the driver's door, but may be located in any suitable position. In <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref>, the housing 312 includes a binnacle 316 which in use may be located along the line of the bodywork of the vehicle, to provide a forward view viewing portal (which is adapted to be viewed through the structure of the vehicle) 318 inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

Referring now specifically to <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref>, it should be noted that the section of <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 14</figref> is along the lines 14-14 of <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 13</figref>. In this embodiment, the apparatus 310 is mounted across a pivoting breakaway point 320 (<figref idref="f0007">Fig. 14</figref>). The broken line in <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 14</figref> is the "break-away" line where the outer portion of housing 312 breaks away from the remainder as it pivots around point 320.

In the embodiment of <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref>, the forward viewing portal 318 allows the driver to see a forward-view image when he or she is desirous of looking forward, past a vehicle immediately in front of the vehicle he or she is driving, to a vehicle forward of that vehicle immediately in front of the driver's vehicle. Preferably, the portal 318 is an opening, through which the driver may see light which has passed from the front of the vehicle through the assembly 310.

In this embodiment, the forward viewing portal 318 is located at the side of the housing 312 of the apparatus 310, with the viewing line passing to one side of the rear view mirror 314 and in front of the pivotal mounting point 320 for the apparatus 310.

In <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 12</figref>, rear view mirror 314 is adjusted by means of a motor 322, in a conventional manner. The forward view mirror apparatus 310 of the embodiment of <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref> includes a first mirror 324. The first mirror 324 is planar, and is also preferably adjustable, manually or by use of a motor 326, which may or may not be in an offset position. A second mirror 328 is located within housing 312. Second mirror 328 is preferably fixed, that is, non-adjustable, and has a curved surface. More preferably, the mirror 328 is aspheric, spherical, substantially spherical, parabolic or quasi-parabolic. However, the curvature of mirror 328 could take any form. For example, the mirror 328 may have a convex lower portion, and a substantially planar upper portion, or such an arrangement could be a side-to-side arrangement.

A window 330 is provided on housing 312, for light to reach the forward view mirror arrangement. The window 330 is clear, is preferably a sealed clear window, and is preferably formed from glass or acrylic material. The shape of the window 30 preferably follows the curvature of the front of housing 312, but to maximise the forward view and to assist in the repelling of water from the surface of the window, the window 330 is preferably outwardly curved or convex, and is also preferably located towards the outer perimeter of the housing 312.

Light from the front of the vehicle to which the apparatus 310 is attached initially strikes fixed mirror 328, is reflected to adjustable mirror 324 and is again reflected through forward viewing portal 318 to the eye of the driver of the vehicle. In the embodiment of <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref>, the apparatus 310 is preferably only used for viewing through the driver's window, or the passenger's window for the opposite side of the vehicle to that of the driver.

Although previously proposed forward view apparatus generally along the lines of the embodiment of <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref> have been seen to have been an aid to enhance driver visibility, some concerns have arisen. These concerns involve such aspects as user friendliness, driver individuality, mistrust, problems with keeping the assembly clean, and problems associated with glare from and damage to the assembly. For example, it is possible that confusion may occur when a driver looks into the mirror assembly, as to which mirror, the rear view mirror or the forward view mirror, the driver is looking at. In addition, to have a forward-view image constantly visible through portal 318 may be distracting to a driver. It is also possible that a driver may be dazzled by the lights of an oncoming vehicle being reflected into his or her eyes through the forward view apparatus. Finally, the front (exterior surface) of window 30 may become opaque through a build-up of road dirt or the like, lessening the quality of the forward view image, or even rendering the apparatus useless if the build-up is allowed to continue. Keeping the window 330 clean without wind deflectors, vortex channels, small windscreen wipers or water jets has been an ongoing difficulty.

In order to address these matters, the embodiment of <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref> includes a shutter 332 which is preferably adapted to slide across window 330 to block light entering the window 330. A motor 334 is adapted to actuate shutter 332, to move it between an open and a closed position. The motor 334 may be generally similar to motors 322 and 326.

The shutter 332 may slide on tracks (not shown), or may be pivoted, depending on the mirror housing 312 profile. Movement across the window 330 may be achieved through use of the electric motor 334, which would engage gears (not shown) preferably moulded into the shutter 332. Alternatively, a geared motor could operate scissors (not shown) which could extend and retreat as the polarity is reversed.

The shutter 332 may be fabricated from plastics material, or of any other suitable lightweight material, and when in the closed position would seal the window 332 against dirt, dust, rain and the like. On opening and closing the shutter 332, a felt or rubber wiper (not shown) which may be attached to the leading edge, would move across the window removing any grime, rainwater and the like.

The shutter 332 would be housed inboard, that is, the shutter would move across the window 330 to reside in the vehicle's door cavity or the mounting binnacle 316 of the housing 312. This would accommodate the asymmetric profile of the apparatus 310.

In normal driving conditions, the shutters 332 of both left and right assemblies 310 would be kept closed, avoiding the aforementioned confusion, distraction or dazzling.

In addition, road dirt, stones, rain and the like are all deflected by the shutters 332.

The driver has a choice, dictated by road conditions, driver preferences and the like, as to when he or she engages the forward view mirror feature.

For a right-hand drive vehicle, to activate the shutter 332 of the left or right assembly 310, a switching mechanism (not shown) is triggered by moving, for example, an indicator stalk, similar to those used for turn indicators. This could be pre-emptive to activating the indicator to signal a turn, and could work in the same format as used in existing indicators, that is, lifting the stalk up would open the shutter 332 of the left assembly 310, and moving the stalk down would activate the shutter 332 in the right-hand assembly 310.

An over-ride button (not shown) on the stalk, dashboard or elsewhere could keep one or both of the shutters 332 open, permanently if desired, or a time delay facility such as a relay switch may be provided to close the shutters 332 after a predetermined period of time, for example one minute.

The following arrangements describe alternative apparatus to the invention that produce a similar effect. They do not have a mirror with a curved surface and are not part of the invention per se. However, they possess features that can be used with the invention.

The mirror apparatus 10 could be used in a video camera apparatus as described hereafter.

<figref idref="f0008">Figs. 15 to 17</figref> describe a further forward view mirror assembly 410. All reference numerals used in <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref>, and also used in <figref idref="f0008">Figs. 15 to 17</figref>, show the same features. Features 324,326 and 328 do not appear in <figref idref="f0008">Figs. 15 to 17</figref>, and the section of <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 17</figref> is along the lines 17-17 of <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 16</figref>.

In this further assembly 410, the mirror arrangement of <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref> is replaced by a video camera 336, and a screen 338 for showing the image generated by the camera 336. The camera 336 is situated to point forwards, and the circuitry or the like (not shown) to connect it to the screen 338 (not shown) is conventional. Screen 338 may preferably be an LCD screen, and although being shown as visible through portal 318, it could be located across portal 318. The camera/screen arrangement 336/338 could be monochrome or black and white.

In every other aspect, the shutter 332 operates as described in relation to <figref idref="f0007">Figs. 12 to 14</figref>.

In <figref idref="f0009 f0010 f0011">Figs. 18 to 26</figref>, further forward view assemblies are shown. A forward view assembly 510, akin in principal to the previously described forward view apparatus, has a housing 512. A window 518 is located in the front face of housing 512. Window 518, which may be generally similar to transparent panel 8 of <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="US4268120A"><text>US-A-4,268,120</text></patcit>, permits light from the front of the vehicle, to which the assembly 510 may be attached, to pass through to the interior of the assembly 510. The window 518 may be proud of, flush with or recessed in the front surface of housing 512. It may be preferred for the window 518 to be recessed, to co-operate with the air flow producing means to be described later in this specification. The window may be formed from glass, plastics material, or any suitable material which is transparent or substantially transparent.

On the front and on the outer (in use) side of the housing 512 there are located means for directing air across the front of window 518. This air flow will be described in greater detail hereinafter in relation to <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>, but the means includes channels 520 on the inner (in use) side of the rear of the housing 512. These channels are of increasing depth, as the result of ribs 522 and 538 increasing in height, towards the outer side of the housing 512. In <figref idref="f0009">Figs. 18 and 19</figref> it can be seen that the channels 520 end at a bulkhead 524, and that apertures 526 in that bulkhead 524 allow communication between the channels 520 and the window 518.

<figref idref="f0009">Figs. 18 and 19</figref> show that the outer side of housing 512 is provided with channels 528, which are generally similar to channels 520, being defined by ribs 530 and ending at a bulkhead 532, through which apertures 534 allow communication between channels 528 and window 518.

In <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref> there is also shown a further channel 536, located at the base of the front side of housing 512. Channel 536 is defined by ribs 538, and directs air (as will be described hereinafter) into window518. Smaller, angled channels 542,544, 546 direct air through apertures 564 (<figref idref="f0009">Figs. 18 and 19</figref>).

Turning now to <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 19</figref>, there is a first forward-view mirror 554 located within housing 512. Mirror 554 is preferably fixed within housing 512, but it is to be understood that it could be movable, by manual means, by an electric motor or by any other means.

Second forward-view mirror 556 is also located within housing 512. Mirror 556 is preferably adapted to be movable for adjustment by an electric motor located in housing 512 behind mirror 556 at 558, but such a motor and its associated cabling and switching is not shown. If such a motor was used it may be substantially similar to those conventional arrangements used to adjust rear-view mirrors. Of course, any other form of adjustability may be used.

<figref idref="f0010">Fig. 21</figref> shows a preferred angular arrangement for the mirror arrangement of <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 19</figref>.

560 is the side of a right hand drive vehicle, and 562 is the line of the rear of a mirror apparatus 510. It can be seen that the angle between mirror 556 and line 562 is 40°, and that between mirror 554 and line 562 is 55°. Of course, those angles are exemplary only, and even if the mirror 556 used the angle 40°, that angle would be likely in use to have to be adjusted to at least a small degree. There is an exemplary distance of 50mm between mirrors 554 and 556.

<figref idref="f0010">Figs. 22 and 23</figref> show respectively plan views of mirrors 554 and 556, with preferred shapes. Mirror 556 is shown with sides C and D, which are also shown in <figref idref="f0010">Fig. 21</figref>.

Those sides are preferably 50mm and 67mm long respectively, and the top and bottom are preferably 90mm and 95mm long respectively. Mirror 554 is shown with sides E and F, which are also shown in <figref idref="f0010">Fig. 21</figref>. Those sides are preferably 50mm and 70mm long respectively, and the top and bottom are preferably 80mm and 87mm long respectively. Of course, all of the angles and dimensions are exemplary only, and may be changed.

In use, a driver will look into the aperture 516 (<figref idref="f0009">Fig. 19</figref>) in the direction of the arrow in <figref idref="f0009">Figs 19</figref> and <figref idref="f0010">21</figref>, if the driver wishes to see ahead of the vehicle immediately in front of his or her vehicle. It will be seen from <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 19</figref> in particular that mirror 556, the "image capturing" mirror, is located well outboard of the side of the vehicle, and is thus able to receive images from such a vehicle two vehicles in front. The light from that vehicle two vehicles in front passes through window 518, is reflected from mirror 554 to mirror 556, and then reflected from mirror 556 through portal 516 to the eyes of the driver.

As has been stated, a similar unit may (in the case of a right hand drive vehicle) be located on the left hand side of the vehicle, to look forward along the left side of the vehicle. Preferably, both apparatuses 510 would have mirror 556 adjustments by electric motors, operable from a position conveniently close to the driver.

The window 518 may become dirty, making any image seen by the driver to be extremely unclear. Aspects of the present invention seek to provide an improved arrangement to overcome such difficulties. Returning now to <figref idref="f0009">Figs. 18 and 20</figref>, in particular <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>, one is able to see the apertures 564 located at the base of window 518 in the front of housing 512, which apertures communicate with channels 536,542, 544 and 546.

The small arrows in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>, running right to left and upwards, indicate the direction of air flow when the vehicle (not shown) is moving forwards. The consequent movement of the apparatus 510 forwards through the air creates those air flows. Air striking channels 520/ribs 522 will be directed by channels 520 through apertures 526 and across window 518, right to left, as shown in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>. Air striking channels 538,542, 544 and 546 is directed by those channels through apertures 564 across the outer surface of window 518, from the base towards the top, as shown in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>.

In particular, the flow of air along channels 528, a flow which may be regarded as tangential or generally tangential, which induces a venturi effect. In that effect, a pressure differential in a fluid such as air is caused by a flow of that fluid past an area or location, reducing the pressure at that area or location. In turn, fluid at a higher pressure will be induced to flow through that area or location.

In the arrangement of <figref idref="f0009">Figs. 18 and 20</figref>, the fluid is of course air, and apertures 534 are venturis, with the lower pressure drawing in air from right to left in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>. At least some of the air drawn in through venturis 534 may be the air which is directed across the outer face of window 518. The streams of air exiting apertures 526 and heading in the direction of apertures 534, whether being at least partially induced or not, may create a curtain of air, flowing right to left in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 18</figref>, which acts to remove water deposited by one of rain, fog, sleet, snow and the like, and airborne and/or waterborne contaminants, such as dirt and mud, from adhering to window 518 and at least partially obscuring the forward view seen by the driver of the vehicle. That arrangement may be augmented by the flow of air upwards through apertures 564, or those air streams may create another curtain of air moving upwards across the face of window 518.

Of course, either of the arrangements of channels and apertures (520/526 and 538/542/544/546/564) may be omitted. Additional cleaning means may be used. At least one small wiper may be used to clean the window 518, and/or a window washing arrangement using water or another fluid sprayed or otherwise applied to window 518 may be employed.

In addition, the window 518 may be fitted with demister elements of the electrically powered type used in motor vehicle rear windows, or in any other form where heat is applied to the window to vaporise or defrost water on the surface (s) of the window 18, whether in the form of liquid water, ice or a slurry such as sleet.

Alternatively, hot or warm air or any other fluid may be piped to the body 512 of the assembly 510 from the vehicle's demister, to vaporise water from, or defrost, elements of the assembly 510, including window 518.

The arrangement of <figref idref="f0011">Figs. 24 to 26</figref> inclusive includes a number of additional, optional, features. Features designated with the same reference numerals as those used in relation to <figref idref="f0009 f0010">Figs. 18 to 23</figref>, designate the same features in <figref idref="f0011">Figs. 24 to 26</figref>. Venturi drain 564 is generally similar to that shown in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 20</figref>, and may be constituted by the same features. Optionally, on the end of body 512 where venturi drain 564 is located, a turn/hazard indicator light or the like may be mounted. More preferably, the indicator may be housed in the ribs 530 (<figref idref="f0009">Fig.20</figref>) and/or on the floor of the body 512 between mirrors 554 and 556. This may be used as an added reflecting device, to direct the indicator light forwards and backwards.

Turning now to <figref idref="f0011">Fig. 24</figref>, a venturi slot and wing 566 is located on the front face of body 512, in much the same way as shown in <figref idref="f0009">Figs. 18 and 19</figref>. Four additional venturi apertures or vents 568 allow air to flow across the inside of window 518 to minimise fogging on the window, and to remove water deposition or condensation on the inner surface.

The short arrows in <figref idref="f0011">Fig. 24</figref> show the flow of air entering at the base of window 518, and flowing across the interior of the window 518, and exiting through venturi drain 564, or through the top of window 518 as shown.

Area 574 in <figref idref="f0011">Fig. 24</figref> is a "catchment area" adapted to receive water such as rainwater and channel it, as represented by the long arrows in <figref idref="f0011">Fig. 24</figref>, across the face of window 518, to keep window 518 clean. A top venturi slot 572 and wing 570 is provided above window 518 for the extraction of water flowing from catchment 574. It should be noted that this cleaning mechanism, and all of the cleaning arrangements disclosed in this application, could be used with video camera based forward viewing arrangements, either with the simple location of such a camera located behind a window such as window 518, or by applying one or more such arrangements to a lens of the camera.

Optionally, one or both of mirrors 554,556 may be tilted at an angle to a vertical plane. Such a degree of tilt may be between 5° and 10°. Preferably, mirror 554 may be tilted such that its top is tilted back compared to its base. Preferably, mirror 556 may be tilted such that its top is tilted away from the vehicle on which the assembly 510, in which the mirror 556 is located, is mounted. Of course, the tilt of each of the mirrors 554,556 may be reversed, or both mirrors 554,556 may have the same tilt.

It can be seen that this invention provides an improved forward viewing apparatus for motor vehicles.

The related and associated applications mentioned in this specification refer to the following Australian provisional patent applications number <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="AU2003900638"><text>2003900638, filed 13 February 2003</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="AU2003903410"><text>2003903410, filed 4 July 2003</text></patcit>, and <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="AU2003906716"><text>2003906716, filed 5 December 2003</text></patcit>, from which the present application claims priority.