IP telephone system, IP telephone apparatus and calling method

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1.

Field of the Invention

0001The present invention relates to an IP telephone system, an IP telephone apparatus and a calling method via an IP network.

2.

Description of Related Art

0002Recently, the Internet has rapidly spread, and then an IP telephone apparatus that allows voice communication via an IP network (hereafter referred to as IP telephone) has rapidly grown as well. However, the rapid growth of IP telephones causes a problem that no communication can be established although a media stream is established. Thus, it has been proposed to create a technology which avoids this problem (see Prior Art 1). The proposal is to solve problems which can occur because an IP network is congested. While the IP network is congested, CA (Call Agent) on an IP network inevitably bears a heavier workload. Therefore, it is currently requested to reduce the workload for CA on an IP network.

0003<figref idref="f0009">Fig. 9</figref> illustrates a communication network used for a conventional IP telephone system. In the following, a communication network between IP telephone A901 and IP telephone B902 shown in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 9</figref> is described.

0004In <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 9</figref>, IP telephone A901 and IP telephone B902 are using different providers and managed by CAs which are owned by different carriers. IP telephone A901 and IP telephone B902 have functions that enable voice communication via an IP network and a Public Switched Telephone Network (hereafter referred to as PSTN). CA also has SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) server functions.

0005When IP telephone A901 communicates with IP telephone B902, communication is established via the IP network or the PSTN.

0006When communicating via the IP network, IP telephone A901 transmits, to CA 904 owned by carrier A, the message "INVITE" which includes information regarding the destination terminal (IP telephone B902) via modem A 903. CA 904 searches for another CA that manages the destination terminal, since CA 904 does not manage the destination terminal. As a result of the search, CA 905 that is owned by carrier B is found, and the aforesaid message "INVITE" is transmitted from CA 904 to CA 905. CA 905 transmits the message "INVITE" to IP telephone B902. IP telephone B902 receives the message "INVITE" via modem B 906. When IP telephone B902 receives the message "INVITE", messages specified by SIP are exchanged between IP telephone A901 and IP telephone B902. Then, the two telephones are ready to communicate.

0007On the other hand, when communicating via the PSTN, IP telephone A901 inputs the telephone number of IP telephone B902 and places a call to IP telephone B902. Then, IP telephone B902 receives a call from IP telephone A901 via the PSTN. When the receiver of IP telephone B902 is picked up, IP telephone A901 and IP telephone B902 are connected, and the two telephones are ready to communicate.

0008<figref idref="f0009">Fig. 9</figref> also shows a communication network between IP telephone A901 and a terminal apparatus on a cellular phone network or the PSTN. In this example, voice date received from IP telephone A901 is converted, at MG (Media Gateway) 907, into a data format necessary for communication via the PSTN or the cellular phone network. Then, the converted data is transmitted to the PSTN or the cellular phone network via switchboard 908.

0009When communication is attempted via the IP network and when there are some problems occurred within the IP network, CA 904 establishes communication via networks other than the IP network. For example, when communication is attempted via the PSTN, voice data received from IP telephone A901 is transmitted to the PSTN via MG 907 and switchboard 908 as described above. Then, voice data is transmitted to IP telephone B902 via switchboard 909 and MG 910 of carrier B.

0010<figref idref="f0010">Fig. 10</figref> is a sequence diagram to illustrate a communication network via the IP network.

0011When IP telephone A901 places a call, the message "INVITE" is transmitted to CA 904. CA 904 transmits the message "INVITE" to CA 905. At the same time, CA 904 transmits the message "100 trying" to IP telephone A901. Similarly, CA 905 transmits the message "INVITE" to IP telephone B902. At the same time, CA 905 transmits the message "100 trying" to CA 904.

0012Upon receiving the message "INVITE", IP telephone B902 transmits, to CA 905, the message "100 trying" and then the message "180 Ringing". At the same time as transmitting the message "180 Ringing", IP telephone B902 sounds a receiving tone. CA 905 transmits the message "180 Ringing" to CA 904. CA 904 transmits the message "180 Ringing" to IP telephone A901. IP telephone A901 then sounds a ringing tone in response to the message "180 Ringing".

0013When it is determined, through the receiving tone, that the receiver of IP telephone B902 is picked up, IP telephone B902 transmits, to CA 905, the message "200 OK" to indicate a connection approval. CA 905 transmits the message "200 OK" to CA 904. CA 904 transmits the message "200 OK" to IP telephone A901.

0014Upon receiving the message "200 OK", IP telephone A901 transmits the message "Acknowledge (hereafter referred to as ACK) " to CA 904. CA 904 transmits the message "ACK" to CA 905. CA 905 transmits the message "ACK" to IP telephone B902. When IP telephone B902 receives the message "ACK", IP telephone A901 and IP telephone B902 are ready to communicate via the IP network.

[Related Art 1]

Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication 2003-333106

0015However, when communicating via the IP network as described above, CA needs to relay all the messages, such as "INVITE" or "200 OK", to destination terminals or other CAs. This puts an excessive workload on CA and will thus become a more serious problem in the future with the growth of IP telephones.

0016Also, when communication is attempted via the PSTN and when the calling terminal does not store information regarding whether communication can be established with the destination terminal via the PSTN, predetermined signals (e.g., SIP "INVITE" message) are transmitted to CA when calls are placed. Thus, CA handles all the signals transmitted via the PSTN as well as the IP network, which puts an excessive workload on CA. RFc 2916, XP015008699 discloses the process of converting a telephone number to an ENUM domain name.

0017The above-described problems can be solved by improving CA's process capacities. However, this requires significant costs, and the users may have to bear the cost. This can lead to hinder the diffusion of IP telephone systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

0018The present invention is provided to address the above-described problems. The objectives of the present invention are to both reduce the workload for CA on an IP network and provide an IP telephone system, an IP telephone apparatus and a calling method that facilitate the further development of IP telephone systems without requiring significant costs. These objectives are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are defined by the dependent claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0019The present invention is further described in the detailed description which follows, with reference to the noted plurality of drawings by way of non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in which like reference numerals represent similar parts throughout the serveral views of the drawings, and wherein: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> illustrates a configuration of a network to which the IP telephone system according to an embodiment of the present invention applies;</li><li><figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> illustrates a block diagram to describe a configuration of IP telephone A that structures the IP telephone system according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> illustrates a configuration of an ENUM server that structures the IP telephone system according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> illustrates an example of NAPTR resource records stored in DB of the ENUM server according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> illustrates a flow chart that describes an operation where IP telephone A places a call to IP telephone B in the IP telephone system according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0006">Fig. 6</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed between IP telephone A and IP telephone B via the ENUM network in the IP telephone system according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Fig. 7</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed between IP telephone A and IP telephone B via the PSTN in the IP telephone system according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">Fig. 8</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed between IP telephone A and IP telephone B via the IP network in the IP telephone system according to the embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0009">Fig. 9</figref> illustrates a diagram that describes a communication network used for a conventional IP telephone; and</li><li><figref idref="f0010">Fig. 10</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed via a conventional IP network.</li></ul>

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

0020The embodiments of the present invention are explained in the following, in reference to the above-described drawings.

0021<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> illustrates a configuration of a network to which the IP telephone system according to the first embodiment of the present invention applies.

0022<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> shows a network configuration necessary to establish communication between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 that use different providers. IP telephone A101 uses provider A103; IP telephone B102 uses provider B104. Also, providers A and B are connected via the IP network. IP telephones A101 and B102 have functions which enable voice communication via the IP network or the PSTN.

0023Also, IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 are managed by IP telephone management servers, which are CAs, owned by different carriers. IP telephone A101 is managed by CA 106, which is owned by carrier A105; IP telephone B102 is managed by CA 108, which is owned by carrier B 107. CA 106 and CA 108 manage voice communication between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 via the IP network. Also, CA 106 and CA 108 have SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) server functions.

0024Provider A103 includes a terminal apparatus that functions as ENUM (E. 164 telephone Number Mapping) server 109 and DNS (Domain Name System) server 110. For example, ENUM server 109 or DNS server 110 can be configured as a personal computer (hereafter referred to as PC) equipped with a software which can manage a database. Provider B104, as well as provider A103, comprises ENUM server 111 and DNS server 112. Either the ENUM server or the DNS server can be configured to have both functions.

0025In the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment, communication is attempted between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 via the IP network or the PSTN as described in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>. Further, in the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment, communication may be attempted via a network structured on the IP network (hereafter referred to as ENUM network) which enables voice communication on the IP network based on NAPTR resource records. NAPTR resource records are provided by the ENUM server owned by the provider. In the following, IP network refers to a network that performs voice communication between IP telephones managed by CAs, which are owned by carriers. On the other hand, ENUM network refers to a network that performs voice communication between IP telephones based on NAPTR resource records provided by the ENUM server.

0026When communication is attempted via the IP network, IP telephone A101 transmits, to CA 106, the message "INVITE" which includes information regarding the destination terminal (IP telephone B102) via modem A113. CA 106 searches for another CA that manages the destination terminal, since CA 106 does not manage the destination terminal. As a result of the search, CA 108 is found, and the aforesaid message "INVITE" is transmitted from CA 106 to CA 108. CA 108 transmits the message "INVITE" to IP telephone B102. IP telephone B102 receive the message "INVITE" via modem B 114. After the message "INVITE" is received, messages specified by SIP are directly exchanged between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B 102. Then, the two telephones are ready to communicate.

0027On the other hand, when communication is attempted via the PSTN, IP telephone A101 input the telephone number of IP telephone B102 and places a call to IP telephone B102. Then, IP telephone B102 receives the call from IP telephone A101 via the PSTN. When the receiver of IP telephone B102 is picked up, IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B 102 are connected. Then, the two telephones are ready to communicate.

0028When communication is attempted via the PSTN, the calling telephone, IP telephone A101, in principle, needs to be set not to transmit a request to the ENUM server. When such a setup is not provided, IP telephone A101 transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for a NAPTR resource record, which is later described.

0029When communication is attempted via the ENUM network, IP telephone A101 transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) of the destination terminal (IP telephone B102). When NAPTR resource record(s) register(s) SIP as a compatible service, IP telephone A101 transmits the message "INVITE" to IP telephone B102. After IP telephone B102 receives the message "INVITE", messages specified by SIP are exchanged between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102. Then, the two telephones are ready to communicate. A detailed description of a communication process via the ENUM network is later provided.

0030<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> also illustrates a communication network between IP telephone A101 (IP telephone B102) and a terminal on the cellular phone network or the PSTN. In this example, voice date received from IP telephone A101 is converted, at MG (Media Gateway) 115, into a data form necessary for communication via the PSTN or the cellular phone network. Then, the converted data is transmitted from MG 115 to the PSTN or the cellular phone network via switchboard 116.

0031When communication is attempted between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 via the IP network and when there are some problems occurred within the IP network, CA 106 (108) establishes communication via networks other than the IP network. For example, when communication is attempted via the PSTN, voice data received from IP telephone A101 (IP telephone B102) is transmitted, as described above, to the PSTN via MG 115 (MG 117) and switchboard 116 (switchboard 118). Then, voice data is transmitted to IP telephone B102 (IP telephone A101) via switchboard 118 (switchboard 116) (carrier A105) and MG 117 (MG 116) of carrier B107.

0032<figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref> illustrates a block diagram that describes a configuration of IP telephone A101 that structures the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment. IP telephone B 102 has the same configuration.

0033As shown in <figref idref="f0002">Fig. 2</figref>, IP telephone A101 according to the present embodiment is configured to connect control adapter 201 to ordinary telephone 202. In this example, an ordinary telephone is a telephone that has no functions to make voice communication via the IP network and can only be communicated via the PSTN. Control adapter 201 according to the present embodiment can be configured to connect two ordinary telephones 202 and to function each telephone as an IP telephone. Of course, control adapter 201 can be configured to connect more than three telephones.

0034Control adapter 201 includes CPU 203 that controls the entire operation of the apparatus. ROM 205 and RAM 206 are connected to CPU 203 via control bus 204. ROM 205 stores a control program of control adapter 201, which CPU 203 retrieves and executes. RAM 206 functions as a work memory when CPU 203 executes the control program. Control adapter 201 uses a flash ROM as ROM 205 and uses SDRAM as RAM 206.

0035Crosspoint mixer 208 is connected to CPU 203 via port 207. Crosspoint mixer 208 has switching and mixing functions of talk lines for two telephones connected via an NCU, which is later described.

0036NCU (Network Control Unit) 209 is connected to crosspoint mixer 208. NCU 209 connects and terminates a line with the opposite party by controlling telephone lines connected to control adapter 201.

0037Further, A/D · D/ACODEC 210 is connected to CPU 203 via control bus 204. A/D · D/ACODEC 210 performs an analog/digital conversion of voice data, which is input from telephone 202, and compresses the converted data. On the other hand, after the converted data received via a LAN controller, which is later described, is decompressed, a digital/analog conversion is performed to the decompressed data.

0038LAN controller 211 and LAN controller 212 are connected to CPU 203 via controller bus 204. LAN controller 211 controls signals exchanged between IP telephones and PCs or other devices connected via Ethernet (R). Ethernet (R) structures a network to which control adapter 201 is connected. Also, LAN controller 211 assembles and analyzes packet data transmitted on a network. LAN controller 212 controls signals exchanged between the IP network and control adapter 201 and between the ENUM network and control adapter 201 via a DSL modem (modem A), which is connected to control adapter 201 via Ethernet (R).

0039PSTN controller 213 is connected to CPU 203 via controller bus 204. PSTN controller 213 controls signals exchanged between control adapter 201 as described above and the PSTN via analog interface (I/F) 214.

0040When IP telephone A101 comprises the above configuration, instead of connecting an ordinary telephone to control adapter 201, a control board having the functions of control adapter 201 is installed in IP telephone A101.

0041<figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> illustrates a configuration of ENUM server 109 that structures the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment. ENUM server 111 has the same configuration.

0042As shown in <figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref>, ENUM server 109 includes CPU 301 that controls the entire operation of the server. Memory 302 is connected to CPU 301. Memory 302 has ROM functions and RAM functions: ROM that stores the control program of ENUM server 109, which CPU 301 retrieves and executes, and RAM that functions as a work memory when CPU 301 executes the control program.

0043Data Base (DB) 303 is connected to CPU 301. DB 303 stores NAPTR resource records, which are later described. When CPU 301, for example, receives, from IP telephone A101, a request based on standard E. 164, CPU 301 searches for corresponding NAPTR resource record(s) among data stored in DB 303 and returns corresponding NAPTR resource record(s) to IP telephone A101, which made the request.

0044Input/output apparatus 304 is connected to CPU 301. Input/output apparatus 304, for example, comprises an input apparatus such as a keyboard and an output apparatus such as a display. An input apparatus, for example, is used to add and edit data stored in DB 303. An output apparatus, for example, is used by administrators of ENUM server 109 to confirm data stored in DB 303.

0045Network Interface (I/F) 305 is connected to CPU 301. Network I/F 305 is an interface to connect ENUM server 109 to the Internet.

0046<figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> illustrates an example of NAPTR resource records stored in DB 303 of ENUM server 109 according to the present embodiment. In <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref>, DB 303 stores all NAPTR resource records including NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to IP telephone B102 shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>. Telephone number "0310000001" corresponds to IP telephone B102.

0047In <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref>, DB 303 stores NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to domain name which is obtained from telephone numbers "0310000000", "0310000001" and "0310000003". In <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref>, URI "81310000000@tokyo.enumisp.jp" corresponds to domain name "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8.e164.arpa" obtained from telephone number "0310000000". URI "81310000003@tokyo.enumisp.jp" corresponds to domain name "3.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8.e164.arpa" obtained from telephone number "0310000003".

0048Further, two URIs "81310000001@tokyo.enumisp.jp" and "81310000001 ; svc=voice" correspond to domain name "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8.e164.arpa" obtained from telephone number "0310000001". Therefore, DB 303 stores two NAPTR resource records that correspond to IP telephone B102.

0049Of these two NAPTR resource records, the NAPTR resource record in the top row contains "100" in the order filed. Also, "E2U+SIP", which indicates compatibility with SIP, is contained in the service field. On the other hand, the NAPTR resource record in the second top row contains "200", which indicates a lower priority than "100", in the order field. Also, "E2U+tel", which indicates that communication can be established via the PSTN, is contained in the service field.

0050<figref idref="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> is a flow chart that describes an operation where IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102 in the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment. When the processes shown in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 5</figref> start, DB 303 of ENUM server 109 needs to store the NAPTR resource records described in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref>.

0051When IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102, the telephone number of IP telephone B102 is input by the operator of IP telephone A101, and then a call-placement instruction is made. More specifically, telephone number "0310000001" or "10000001" with "03" omitted is input, and then a call-placement instruction is made.

0052After receiving the telephone number and then a call-placement instruction, IP telephone A101 transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the telephone number (ST 501). More specifically, IP telephone A101 converts the operator's input number "0310000001" into "+81-3-10000001" including the country code according to standard E. 164. Then, "+81310000001" is obtained, with + at the beginning, followed by the numbers. Then, non numerical symbols are deleted, and dots are inserted between the numbers, resulting in "8.1.3.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1". Next, the numbers are reversed, and a string e 164 arpa is added at the end. As a result, domain name "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8. e164.arpa" is obtained. IP telephone A101 then transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the string.

0053IP telephone A101 waits for a response from ENUM server 109 (ST 502). When there is no response, IP telephone A101 determines that the communication is unsuccessful and terminates the process. For example, no response is obtained when there is a communication line failure. On the other hand, DB 303 stores NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to IP telephone B102. Therefore, IP telephone A101 receives a response.

0054When there is a response, it is determined that NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the destination terminal is(are) stored (ST 503). DB 303 stores the NAPTR resource records that correspond to string "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8.e164.arpa", which corresponds to the telephone number of IP telephone B102. Therefore, it is determined that the NAPTR resource records corresponding to the destination terminal are stored.

0055When it is determined that the NAPTR resource records corresponding to the destination terminal are stored, it is determined whether SIP is returned as a compatible service (ST 504). More specifically, it is determined whether SIP (E2U+sip) is contained in the service filed of the NAPTR resource records. The NAPTR resource records that correspond to string "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8.e164.arpa" contain SIP in the top row of the service field. Therefore, it is determined that SIP is returned as a compatible service.

0056When it is determined that SIP is returned as a compatible service, IP telephone A101 starts communication using SIP Peer_to_Peer (ST 505). Accordingly, communication is directly performed between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 via the ENUM network shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> in accordance with the protocol specified by SIP.

0057When it is determined that SIP is not returned as a compatible service at ST 504, it is then determined whether tel is returned as a compatible service (ST 506). Tel indicates that communication can be established via the PSTN. More specifically, it is determined the corresponding NAPTR resource records contain tel (E2U+tel) in the service field. The NAPTR resource records that correspond to string "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.3.1.8.e164.arpa" contain tel in the second top row of the service field. When no communication can be established for a certain reason, this NAPTR resource record including tel is returned. Therefore, in this case, it is determined that tel is returned as a compatible service at ST 506. On the other hand, when it is determined that tel is not returned as a compatible service at ST 506, IP telephone A101 determines that the communication is unsuccessful and terminates the process.

0058When it is determined that tel is returned as a compatible service at ST 506, IP telephone A101 starts communication via the PSTN (ST 507). Accordingly, communication is directly performed between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 via the PSTN shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>.

0059When it is determined, at ST 503, that NAPTR resource record(s) corresponding to the destination terminal is(are) not stored, IP telephone A101 places a call via CA 106 in accordance with the protocol specified by SIP (ST 508). More specifically, IP telephone A101 transmits, to CA 106, the message "INVITE" which includes information regarding the destination terminal. However, when the NAPTR resource records shown in <figref idref="f0004">Fig. 4</figref> are stored, the process does not proceed to the following step.

0060When IP telephone B 102 is the destination terminal, CA 106 transmits, to CA 108, the message "INVITE" as described above, since CA 106 does not manage IP telephone B102. IP telephone B102 receives the message "INVITE" from CA 108 and returns a response message to IP telephone A101 via CA 108 and CA 106.

0061At ST 509, IP telephone A101 waits for a response from CA 106. When there is no response from CA 106, IP telephone A101 determines that the communication is unsuccessful and terminates the process. In the same way as ST 502, for example, no response is obtained when there is a communication line failure.

0062On the other hand, when there is a response from CA 106, it is determined whether a message is returned (ST 510). The message indicates that it is unsuccessful to establish communication with the destination terminal. For example, when three digit message beginning with one of the numbers "4","5" or "6", i.e. "4**, "5**" or "6**" is returned, it is determined whether it includes the message indicating that it is unsuccessful to establish communication with the destination terminal. When it is determined such a message is returned, IP telephone A101 determines that the communication is unsuccessful and terminates the process.

0063When it is determined that a message other than the one which indicates that it is unsuccessful to establish communication with the destination terminal, for instance, a message such as "180 Ringing" is returned, IP telephone A101 starts communication using the IP network via CA (IP telephone), or communication through the IP network to the PSTN (IP - PSTN) (ST 511). Accordingly, communication is performed between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 via the IP network shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> in accordance with the protocol specified by SIP. Also, when no communication can be established between CA 106 and CA 108 for a certain reason, communication is performed via the PSTN.

0064In the following, descriptions are provided regarding sequences applying to each communication shown in <figref idref="f0005">Fig. 5</figref>.

0065<figref idref="f0006 f0007 f0008">Figs. 6 - 8</figref> show sequence diagrams that describe communication performed between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102. <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 6</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed via the ENUM network shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>; <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 7</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed via the PSTN shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>; and <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 8</figref> illustrates a sequence diagram that describes communication performed via the IP network shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>.

0066First, a communication sequence via the ENUM network is described with reference to <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 6</figref>.

0067As shown in <figref idref="f0006">Fig. 6</figref>, when IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102, IP telephone A101 first receives, from the operator, the telephone number of IP telephone B102 and transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the telephone number. In this example, IP telephone B102 corresponds to SIP. Upon receiving the request from IP telephone A101, ENUM server 109 returns, to IP telephone A101, a NAPTR resource record which indicates that IP telephone B102 corresponds to SIP. IP telephone A101 receives the NAPTR resource record and also determines a URI that corresponds to IP telephone B102.

0068Upon receiving the NAPTR resource record, IP telephone A101 transmits, to DNS server 110, a search request for the IP address of IP telephone B 102. More specifically, IP telephone A101 informs DNS server 110 of the URI that corresponds to IP telephone B 102 and transmits, to DNS server 110, a request for the IP address that corresponds to the URI. After searching for the IP address of IP telephone B102, DNS server 110 informs IP telephone A101 of the IP address corresponding to the URI.

0069Upon receiving the IP address of IP telephone B102, IP telephone A101 directly transmits the message "INVITE" to the IP address of IP telephone B102 without accessing CA. The message is transmitted from IP telephone A101 to provider A, to provider B and to IP telephone B102. Upon receiving the message "INVITE", IP telephone B102 transmits the message "100 trying" to IP telephone A101. After transmitting the message "100 trying", IP telephone B102 transmits the message "180 Ringing" to IP telephone A101. IP telephone B102 sounds a receiving tone at the same time as transmitting the message "180 Ringing". IP telephone A101 then sounds a ringing tone in response to the message "180 Ringing".

0070When it is determined that, through the receiving tone, for example, a hook-off condition is detected at the receiver of IP telephone B 102, IP telephone B 102 transmits, to IP telephone A101, the message "200 OK" to indicate a connection approval. Upon receiving the message "200 OK", IP telephone A101 transmits the message "ACK" to IP telephone B102. When IP telephone B102 receives the message "ACK", IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 are ready to communicate via the ENUM network shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig 1</figref>.

0071As described above, when communication is attempted via the ENUM network, messages specified by SIP are directly exchanged between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102. Thus, when the ENUM network is selected as the route of communication, CA 106 and CA 108 do not need to perform call management. This reduces the workload for CA 106 and CA 108.

0072When communication is attempted via the ENUM network, ENUM servers 109 and 111 bear a heavier workload while CAs 106 and 108 bear a lighter workload. However, ENUM servers 109 and 111 only need to return NAPTR resource record(s) in response to a request from the calling terminal, and calls are directly managed between the calling terminal and the destination terminal. Thus, unlike CAs 106 and 108, ENUM servers 109 and 111 do not perform call management. Therefore, ENUM servers 109 and 111 do not bear an excessive workload unlike CAs 106 and 108.

0073Next, a communication sequence via the PSTN is described with reference to <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 7</figref>.

0074As shown in <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 7</figref>, when IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102, IP telephone A101 first receives, from the operator, the telephone number of IP telephone B102 and transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the telephone number. In this example, IP telephone B102 corresponds to tel which indicates that communication can be established via the PSTN. Upon receiving the request from IP telephone A101, ENUM server 109 returns, to IP telephone A101, a NAPTR resource record which indicates that IP telephone B102 corresponds to tel which indicates that communication can be established via the PSTN.

0075Upon receiving the NAPTR resource record, IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102 via the PSTN. A call is placed from IP telephone A101 to IP telephone B102 via the PSTN. In response to the call, IP telephone B102 transmits, to IP telephone A101, a ringing signal at the same time as sounding a receiving tone. IP telephone A101 sounds a ringing tone in response to the ringing signal.

0076When it is determined that, for example, the receiver of IP telephone B102 is picked up in response to the receiving tone, IP telephone B102 informs IP telephone A101 that the receiver of IP telephone B102 is picked up. At the same time, IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 are ready to communicate via the PSTN shown in <figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref>.

0077As described above, when communication is attempted via the PSTN, IP telephone A101 first transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s). When IP telephone B102 receives a NAPTR resource record which contains tel which indicates that communication can be established with IP telephone B102 via the PSTN, IP telephone A101 places a direct call to IP telephone B102 via the PSTN. Thus, even when IP telephone A101 does not store information which indicates that the destination terminal (IP telephone B102) performs communication via the PSTN, it will be avoided that IP telephone A101 transmits a predetermined signal to CA 106 (e.g., SIP "INVITE" message) when calls are placed. This reduces the workload for CA 106.

0078Next, a communication sequence using the IP network via CA with reference to <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 8</figref> is described.

0079As shown in <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 8</figref>, when IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102, IP telephone A101 first receives, from the operator, the telephone number of IP telephone B102 and transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the telephone number. In this example, NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to IP telephone B102 is(are) not stored. Upon receiving the request from IP telephone A101, ENUM server 109 transmits a response which indicates that NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to IP telephone B102 does(do) not exist.

0080Upon receiving the response which indicates such NAPTR resource record(s) does(do) not exist, IP telephone A101 transmits the message "INVITE" to CA 106. CA 106 transmits the message "INVITE" to CA 108. At the same time, CA 106 transmits the message "100 trying" to IP telephone A101. Similarly, CA 108 transmits the message "INVITE" to IP telephone B102. At the same time, CA 108 transmits the message "100 trying" to CA 106.

0081Upon receiving the message "INVITE", IP telephone B102 transmits, to CA 108, the message "100 trying" and then the message "180 Ringing". At the same time as transmitting the message "180 Ringing", IP telephone B102 sounds a receiving tone. Similarly, CA 108 transmits the message "180 Ringing" to CA 106. CA 106 transmits the message "180 Ringing" to IP telephone A101. IP telephone A101 sounds a ringing tone in response to the message "180 Ringing".

0082When it is determined, through the receiving tone, that, for example, a hook-off condition is detected at the receiver of IP telephone B102, IP telephone B102 transmits, to CA 108, the message "200 OK" to indicate a connection approval. Similarly, CA 108 transmits the message "200 OK" to CA 106. CA 106 transmits the message "200 OK" to IP telephone A101.

0083Upon receiving the message "200 OK", IP telephone A101 transmits the message "ACK" to CA 106. Similarly, CA 106 transmits the message "ACK" to CA 108. CA 108 transmits the message "ACK" to IP telephone B102. When IP telephone B102 receives the message "ACK", IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 are ready to communicate via the IP network.

0084As described above, when communication is attempted via the IP network and when NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the destination terminal is(are) not stored, CA 106 and CA 108 perform call management. Thus, CA 106 and CA 108 need to perform call management only when NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to the destination terminal is(are) not stored. This reduces the workload for CA 106 and CA 108.

0085As described above, in the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment, when IP telephone A101 places a call to IP telephone B102, IP telephone A101 first transmits, to ENUM server 109, a request for NAPTR resource record(s) that correspond(s) to IP telephone B102. When ENUM server 109 stores corresponding NAPTR resource record(s), call management is directly performed between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102 according to the NAPTR resource record. Then, voice communication is performed via the ENUM network or the PSTN. On the other hand, when ENUM server 109 does not store corresponding NAPTR resource record(s), CA 106 manages calls between IP telephone A101 and IP telephone B102. Then, voice communication is performed via the IP network. Accordingly, the workload for CA 106 is reduced, and voice communication can be performed via the IP network without requiring CA 106 to perform call management. As a result, the workload for CA 106 is reduced while increasing the processing volume of voice communication via the IP network. Also, ENUM server 109 only needs to return NAPTR resource record(s) without performing call management. Call management is directly performed between IP telephones A101 and B102. Thus, the required cost will be lower than the cost required for communication by CA 106. As a result, IP telephone systems can be diffused more and more without requiring a significant cost.

0086In the present embodiment, a description is provided regarding an example where ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111, which configure the ENUM network, are owned by provider A103 and provider B104, respectively. However, when ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111 can be structured on a network, ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111 do not necessary need to be owned by provider A103 and provider B104. In other words, carrier A105 and carrier B 107 can own ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111. However, it is preferable that provider A103 and provider B 104 own ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111 as a configuration of the present invention. Currently, providers provide IP telephone systems by leasing equipment from carriers. Thus, when a provider provides an IP telephone system which comprises ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111, it is possible to cut down the cost needed to lease such equipment. Thus, in terms of the further diffusion of IP telephone systems, more rapid development is expected when provider A103 and provider B104 own ENUM server 109 and ENUM server 111.

0087Furthermore, in the above description, CA 106 and CA 108 execute only SIP as a VoIP protocol in the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment. However, the configuration is not limited to this setup. In other words, the configuration can accommodate H.323 as a VoIP protocol as well.

0088In the IP telephone system according to the present embodiment, voice is not limited to human voice. It also covers sounds in general, for example, modem signals modulated to voice bands and fax signals. Also, the telephone can be a fax apparatus as well.

0089The IP telephone described above includes an IP telephone defmed by the government and operated by a telecommunications provider. It also includes an IP telephone provided on a local network or a private network using TCP/IP or other computer network protocols.

0090It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided merely for the purpose of explanation and are in no way to be construed as limiting of the present invention. While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made, within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention in its aspects. Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular structures, materials and embodiments, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein; rather, the present invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, such as are within the scope of the appended claims.

0091The present invention is not limited to the above described embodiments, and various variations and modifications may be possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.