Highly dispersible silica for using in rubber
20 claims: 13 independent, 7 dependent
- 1Fällungskieselsäure, gekennzeichnet durch folgende physikalisch-chemische Parameter:CTAB-Oberfläche 100 - 160 m 2 /g, gemessen mit modifizierter ASTM 3765, bzw. NFT 45-007 (Kapitel 5.12.1.3);BET-Oberfläche 100 -190 m2/g, gemäß ISO 5794-1/Annex D;DBP-Zahl 180 - 300 g/(100 g), gemessen mit modifizierter Norm DIN 53601;Searszahl V2 15-28 ml/(5 g) Feuchte 4 - 8 %, gemessen mit modifizierter ISO 787-2. Verhältnis Searszahl V 2 zu BET-Oberfläche 0,150 bis 0,280 ml (5m 2 )
- 2Fällungskieselsäure nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die BET-Oberfläche 100 bis 170 m 2 /g beträgt.
- 3Fällungskieselsäure nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die CTAB-Oberfläche 100 bis 150 m 2 /g beträgt.
- 4Fällungskieselsäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Searszahl V 2 20 bis 28 ml/(5 g) beträgt.
- 5Fällungskieselsäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Searszahl V 2 22 bis 28 ml/(5 g) beträgt.
- 6Fällungskieselsäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die DBP-Zahl 200 bis 250 g/(100 g) beträgt.
- 7Fällungskieselsäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die DBP-Zahl 250 bis 280 g/(100 g) beträgt.
- 8Fällungskieselsäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis BET/CTAB 0.9 bis 1.2 beträgt.
- 9Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fällungskieselsäuren wobei a) eine wässrige Lösung eines Alkali- oder Erdalkalisilikats und/oder einer organischen und/oder anorganischen Base mit einer Alkalizahl von 7 bis 30 vorgelegt, b) in diese Vorlage unter Rühren bei 55 bis 95 °C für 10 bis 120 min gleichzeitig Wasserglas und ein Säuerungsmittel derart zudosiert werden, dass während der Fällung die AZ-Zahl konstant zwischen 7 bis 30 bleibt, c) mit einem Säuerungsmittel auf einen pH-Wert von ca. 2.5 bis 6 angesäuert und d) filtriert, gewaschen und getrocknet wird.
- 10Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die AZ-Zahl zwischen 15 und 25 liegt.
- 11Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Schritt a), die Schritte b') Stoppen der Zudosierung für 30 bis 90 Minuten unter Einhaltung der Temperatur und b") anschließend bei gleicher Temperatur für 10 bis 120, bevorzugt 10 bis 60 Minuten, gleichzeitige Zugabe von Wasserglas und einem Säuerungsmittel derart, dass die AZ-Zahl während der Fällung konstant bleibt, ausgeführt werden.
- 12Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Schritts b) und/oder b') und/oder b") eine Zugabe eines organischen oder anorganischen Salzes erfolgt.
- 13Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Trocknung ein Stromtrockner, Sprühtrockner, Etagentrockner, Bandtrockner, Drehrohrtrockner, Flash-Trockner, Spin-Flash-Trockner oder Düsenturm eingesetzt wird.
- 14Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Trocknung eine Granulation mit einem Walzenkompaktor durchgeführt wird.
- 15Fällungskieselsaüren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 oder hergestellt nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre Oberflächen mit Organosilanen der Formel I bis III modifiziert sind:[SiR 1 n (OR) r (Alk) m (Ar) p ] q [B] (I), SiR 1 n (OR) 3-n (Alkyl) (II), oder SiR 1 n (OR) 3-n (Alkenyl) (III), in denen bedeuten B: -SCN, -SH, -Cl, -NR 2 , -OC(O)CHCH 2 , -OC(O)C(CH 3 )CH 2 (wenn q = 1) oder -S w - (wenn q = 2), wobei B chemisch an Alk gebunden ist, R und R 1 : aliphatischer, olefinischer, aromatischer oder arylaromatischer Rest mit 2 - 30 C-Atomen, der optional mit den folgenden Gruppen substituiert sein kann: Hydroxy-, Amino-, Alkoholat-, Cyanid-, Thiocyanid-, Halogen-, Sulfonsäure-, Sulfonsäureester-, Thiol-, Benzoesäure-, Benzoesäureester-, Carbonsäure-, Carbonsäureester-, Acrylat-, Metacrylat-, Organosilanrest, wobei R und R 1 eine gleiche oder verschiedene Bedeutung oder Substituierung haben können. n: 0, 1 oder 2, Alk: einen zweiwertigen unverzweigten oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, m: 0 oder 1, Ar: einen Arylrest mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen, bevorzugt 6 C-Atomen, der mit den folgenden Gruppen substituiert sein kann: Hydroxy-, Amino-, Alkoholat-, Cyanid-, Thiocyanid-, Halogen-, Sulfonsäure-, Sulfonsäureester-, Thiol-, Benzoesäure-, Benzoesäureester-, Carbonsäure-, Carbonsäureester-, Acrylat-, Metacrylat-, Organosilanrest. p: 0 oder 1, mit der Maßgabe, dass p und n nicht gleichzeitig 0 bedeuten, q: 1 oder 2, w: eine Zahl von 2 bis 8, r: 1, 2 oder 3, mit der Maßgabe, dass r + n + m + p = 4, Alkyl: einen einwertigen unverzweigten oder. verzweigten gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkenyl: einen einwertigen unverzweigten oder verzweigten ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen.
- 16Fällungskieselsäuren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 oder hergestellt nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre Oberflächen mit Siliciumorganischen Verbindungen der Zusammensetzung SiR 2 4-n X n (mit n = 1, 2, 3, 4), [SiR 2 x X y O] x (mit 0 ≤ x ≤ 2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; 3 ≤ z ≤ 10, mit x + y = 2), [SiR 2 x X y N] z (mit 0 ≤ x ≤ 2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; 3 ≤ z ≤ 10, mit x + y = 2), SiR 2 n X m OSiR 2 o X p (mit 0 ≤ n ≤ 3; 0 ≤ m ≤ 3; 0 ≤ o ≤ 3; 0 ≤ p ≤ 3, mit n + m = 3, o + p = 3), SiR 2 o X m NSiR 2 o X p (mit 0 ≤ n ≤ 3; 0 ≤ m ≤ 3; 0 ≤ o ≤ 3; 0 ≤ p ≤ 3, mit n + m = 3, o + p = 3), und/oder SiR 2 n X m [SiR 2 x X y O] z SiR 2 o X p (mit 0 ≤ n ≤ 3; 0 ≤ m ≤ 3; 0 ≤ x ≤ 2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; o ≤ 3; 0 ≤ p ≤ 3; 1 ≤ z ≤ 10000, mit n + m = 3, x + y = 2, o + p = 3) wobei bedeuten R 2 :substituierte und/oder unsubstituierte Alkyl- und/oder Arylreste mit 1 - 20 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder Alkoxy- und/oder Alkenyl- und/oder Alkinyl- -Gruppen und/oder schwefelhaltige Gruppen X: Silanol-, Amino-, Thiol-, Halogen-, Alkoxy-, Alkenyl- und/oder Wasserstoff-Rest, modifiziert sind.
- 17Verfahren zur Herstellung der Kieselsäuren gemäß Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Fällungskieselsäuren mit Organosilanen in Mischungen von 0.5 bis 50 Teilen, bezogen auf 100 Teile Fällungskieselsäure, insbesondere 1 bis 15 Teile, bezogen auf 100 Teile Fällungskieselsäure modifiziert wobei die Reaktion zwischen Fällungskieselsäure und Organosilan während der Mischungsherstellung (in situ) oder außerhalb durch Aufsprühen und anschließendes Tempern der Mischung, durch Mischen des Organosilans und der Kieselsäuresuspension mit anschließender Trocknung und Temperung durchgeführt wird.
- 18Verwendung von Kieselsäuren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17 in Elastomerenmischungen, vulkanisierbaren Kautschukmischungen und/oder sonstigen Vulkanisaten, wie Luftreifen, Reifenlaufflächen, Kabelmänteln, Schläuchen, Treibriemen, Förderbändern, Keilriemen, Walzenbelägen, Reifen, Schuhsohlen, Dichtungen und Dämpfungselementen.
- 19Verwendung von Kieselsäuren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17 in Batterieseparatoren, als Anti-Blocking-Mittel, als Mattierungsmittel in Farben und Lacken, als Träger von Agrarprodukten und Nahrungsmitteln, in Beschichtungen, in Druckfarben, in Feuerlöschpulvern, in Kunststoffen, im Bereich Non impact printing, in Papiermasse, im Bereich Personal care.
- 20Vulkanisierbare Kautschukmischungen und Vulkanisate, die die Fällungskieselsäure gemäß Anspruch 1 mit folgenden physikalisch-chemischen Parametern CTAB-Oberfläche 100 - 160 m 2 /g BET-Oberfläche 100 - 190 m 2 /g DBP-Zahl 180 - 300 g/(100 g) Searszahl V 2 15 - 28 ml/(5 g) Feuchte 4 - 8%. als Füllstoff enthalten.
Independent claims20
177 paragraphs, as filed
0001The present invention relates to highly disperse precipitated silicas which have an extremely high reinforcement of rubber vulcanizates and advantages in the vulcanization time, a process for their production and their use as a filler for rubber mixtures.
0002The use of precipitated silica in elastomer mixtures such as tire tread compounds has long been known (<patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="EP0501227A"><text>EP 0 501 227</text></patcit>). High demands are made on the use of silicas as a reinforcing filler in rubber mixtures, such as those used for the manufacture of air-filled tires and technical rubber articles. They should be easy and easy to incorporate and disperse in the rubber and, in conjunction with a coupling reagent, preferably a bifunctional organosilicon compound, form a chemical compound with the rubber which leads to the desired high reinforcement of the rubber mixture. The reinforcement property can be established in particular at high static stress values and a low abrasion value. The particle size, surface morphology, surface activity and the binding capacity of the coupling reagent are of particular importance for the strengthening properties of the silicas.
0003It is known that the properties of a silica are largely determined by its manufacturing process. In particular, the conditions of the precipitation are responsible for the properties. Production methods for silicas with a wide variety of precipitation conditions are known to the person skilled in the art. So were precipitations at constant pH in the<patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="EP0937755A"><text>EP 0 937 755</text></patcit> described. Silicas that were precipitated with a constant excess of cations were found in the<patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="DE10124298"><text>DE 101 24 298</text></patcit> disclosed. In the<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="DE10112441A1"><text>DE 10112 441 A1</text></patcit>, of the <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="EP0754650A"><text>EP 0 754 650</text></patcit>, of the <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="EP0755899A"><text>EP0 755 899</text></patcit> and the <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="US4001379A"><text>US 4001 379</text></patcit> precipitation with constant alkali number (AZ number) was described.
0004Silicas precipitated at a constant AZ number are used as carrier materials, matting agents for paints, as battery separators, in toothpastes or as flocculants. So far, silicas suitable for applications in elastomers or rubber mixtures, which have been precipitated with a constant AZ number, are not known.
0005As a rule, silicas for rubber applications are produced by a process in which the precipitation takes place at temperatures between 60 to 95 ° C. and a pH between 7 and 10; B.<patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="EP0901986A1"><text>EP 0 901 986 A1</text></patcit>.
0006The aim of the present invention is to provide new, easily dispersible precipitated silicas which can be incorporated into elastomer mixtures and improve their properties.
0007Surprisingly, it has now been shown that precipitation with a constant AZ number can give rise to new silicas which can be incorporated particularly well into elastomer mixtures and improve their properties.
0008The present invention therefore relates to easily dispersible precipitated silicas characterized by:<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" /><tbody><row><entry>CTAB surface</entry><entry>100 - 160 m<sup>2</sup>/ g with the preferred ranges of 100 - 150 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100 - 135 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and 100-120 m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry>BET surface</entry><entry>100 -190 m<sup>2</sup>/ g with the preferred range of 100-170 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100-160 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100-140 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and 110 - 135 m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry>DBP number</entry><entry>180 - 300 g / (100 g), preferred range 200 - 280 g / (100 g),</entry></row><row><entry>Sears number V<sub>2</sub></entry><entry>15 - 28 ml / (5 g) with the preferred range of 20 - 28 ml / (5 g), 22 - 28 ml / (5 g) and especially 25 - 28 ml / (5 g),</entry></row><row><entry>Humidity</entry><entry>4-8%.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0009Furthermore, the precipitated silicas according to the invention can preferably have one or more of the following physicochemical parameters:<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="65mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="101mm" /><tbody><row><entry>Ratio Sears number V<sub>2</sub> to BET surface</entry><entry>0.140 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), with the preferred ranges 0.150 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), 0.170 - 0.280 mol / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), 0.180 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>) and particularly preferably 0.190 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>) and 0.190 - 0.250 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>),</entry></row><row><entry>BET to CTAB ratio</entry><entry>0.9-1.2, preferably 1 - 1.15,</entry></row><row><entry>Primary particle diameter</entry><entry>10th - 80 nm.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0010The primary particle diameter can e.g. B. be determined by means of the image evaluation of transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) (<nplcit id="ncit0001" npl-type="b"><text>R H. Lange, J. Bloedorn: "The electron microscope, TEM + REM" Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York (1981</text></nplcit>)).
0011In a first preferred embodiment, the precipitated silicas according to the invention have a DBP number of 200-250 g / (100 g) and in a second preferred embodiment a DBP number of 250-280 g / (100 g).
0012In addition to a high absolute number of silanol groups (Sears number V<sub>2</sub>), a greatly increased ratio of the Sears number V in comparison to precipitated silicas of the prior art<sub>2</sub> to the BET surface. That is, The precipitated silicas according to the invention have a very high number of silanol groups, particularly in relation to the total surface.
0013In addition to the increased number of silanol groups, the precipitated silicas according to the invention are distinguished by a low microporosity, ie a very low BET to CTAB ratio.
0014The combination of the features mentioned, in particular the high Sears number V<sub>2</sub>/ BET ratio lead to the fact that the precipitated silicas according to the invention are outstandingly suitable as reinforcing fillers for elastomers. The precipitated silicas according to the invention are distinguished by an increased rubber activity, show very good dispersion behavior and a shorter vulcanization time.
0015Another object of the present invention is a process which for the preparation of the precipitated silicas according to the invention with a<tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" /><tbody><row><entry>CTAB surface</entry><entry>100 -160 m<sup>2</sup>/ g with the preferred ranges of 100-150 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100 - 135 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and 100-120 m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry>BET surface</entry><entry>100 - 190 m<sup>2</sup>/ g with the preferred range of 100-170 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100-160 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100-140 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and 110 -135 m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry>DBP number</entry><entry>180 - 300 g / (100 g), preferred range 200 - 280 g / (100 g),</entry></row><row><entry>Sears number V<sub>2</sub></entry><entry>15 - 28 ml / (5 g) with the preferred range of 20 - 28 ml / (5 g), 22 - 28 ml / (5 g) and especially 25 - 28 ml / (5 g),</entry></row><row><entry>Humidity</entry><entry>4-8%</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>and optionally one or more of the following physico-chemical parameters<tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="65mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="101mm" /><tbody><row><entry>Ratio Sears number V<sub>2</sub> to BET surface</entry><entry>0.140 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), with the preferred ranges 0.150 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), 0.170 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), 0.180 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>) and particularly preferably 0.190 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>) and 0.190 - 0.250 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>),</entry></row><row><entry>BET to CTAB ratio</entry><entry>0.9 -1.2 preferably 1 - 1.15,</entry></row><row><entry>Primary particle diameter</entry><entry>10th - 80 nm</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>can be used and is characterized in that initially<ol id="ol0001" compact="compact"><li>a) an aqueous solution of an alkali or alkaline earth silicate and / or an organic and / or inorganic base with an alkali number from 7 to 30 and</li><li>b) in this template with stirring at 55 to 95 ° C for 10 to 120, preferably 10 to 60 minutes, particularly preferably 60 to 100 minutes, the same amount of water glass and an acidifying agent is metered in such a way that the AZ number remains constant between the precipitation 7 to 30 remains</li><li>c) acidified with an acidifying agent to a pH of approx. 2.5 to 6 and</li><li>d) filtered, washed, dried and optionally granulated.</li></ol>
0016The initial charge can amount to approximately 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% of the final volume of the precipitation. The basic compounds given for the feed are selected in particular from the group of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates and alkali metal silicates. Water glass and / or sodium hydroxide solution are preferably used.
0017The constant alkali number in the initial charge and during step b) is in the range from 7 to 30, preferably in the range from 10 to 30, particularly preferably in the range from 15 to 25, and the AZ number is very particularly preferably in the range from 18 to 22 held.
0018The metering can optionally be interrupted during step b), in which case the steps<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>b ') stopping the metering for 30 to 90 minutes while maintaining the temperature and</li><li>b ") then at the same temperature for 10 to 120, preferably 10 to 60 minutes, simultaneously meter in water glass and an acidulant such that the AZ number remains constant during the precipitation,</li></ul>be carried out.
0019Furthermore, an additional addition of organic or inorganic salts can optionally take place during steps a) and / or b) and / or b ') and / or b "). This can be in solution or as a solid, in each case continuously over the addition time of the water glass and the acidifying agent or as a batch addition. It is also possible to dissolve the salts in one or both components and then add them simultaneously.
0020Alkali or alkaline earth metal salts are preferably used as inorganic salts. In particular, all combinations of the following ions can be used:<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Li<sup>+</sup>, N / A<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Be<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Approx<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, I<sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, PO<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub>-, OH<sup>-</sup>, TiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, ZrO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, ZrO<sub>4</sub><sup>4-</sup>, AlO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, BO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>.</li></ul>
0021The salts of formic, acetic and propionic acid are suitable as organic salts. The alkali or alkaline earth ions mentioned may be mentioned as the cation. The concentration of these salts in the addition solution can be 0.01 to 5 mol / l. Na is preferred as the inorganic salt<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> used.
0022In addition to water glass (sodium silicate solution), other silicates such as potassium or calcium silicate can also be used. In addition to sulfuric acid, other acidifying agents such as HCl, HNO can also be used as acidifying agents<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> or CO<sub>2</sub> be used.
0023In step d), the precipitated silica is first filtered and then washed with water and dried. The silica is washed until the sodium sulfate content is <4% by weight. The measurement of the sodium sulfate content can be carried out by the method known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for. B. in the<patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="EP0754650A1"><text>EP 0 754 650 A1</text></patcit> described.
0024The filtration and long or short-term drying of the silicas according to the invention are familiar to the person skilled in the art and can be carried out, for. B. can be found in the above documents.
0025The filtration and long or short-term drying of the silicas according to the invention are familiar to the person skilled in the art and can be carried out, for. B. be looked up in the documents mentioned.
0026The precipitated silica is preferably dried in a current dryer, spray dryer, floor dryer, belt dryer, rotary tube dryer, flash dryer, spin-flash dryer or nozzle tower. These drying options include operation with an atomizer, a one- or two-fluid nozzle or an integrated fluid bed. After drying, grinding and / or granulation can optionally be carried out using a roller compactor. After the drying step or grinding or granulation, the precipitated silica according to the invention preferably has a particle shape with an average diameter of more than 15 μm, in particular more than 80 μm, particularly preferably more than 200 μm (determination according to ISO 2591-1, December 1988). The precipitated silicas according to the invention are particularly preferably in the form of a powder with an average diameter of more than 15 μm or in the form of essentially round particles with an average diameter of more than 80 μm (micro bead) or in the form of granules with an average diameter 1 1 mm.
0027Another object of the present invention is the use of a precipitated silica, with a<tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" /><tbody><row><entry>CTAB surface</entry><entry>100 - 160 m<sup>2</sup>/ g with the preferred ranges of 100 - 150m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>100 - 135 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and 100-120 m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry>BET surface</entry><entry>100-190 m<sup>2</sup>/ g with the preferred range of 100 - 170 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100-160 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, 100-140 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and 110 -135 m<sup>2</sup>/G,</entry></row><row><entry>DBP number</entry><entry>180 - 300 g / (100 g), preferred range 200 - 280 g / (100 g),</entry></row><row><entry>Sears number V<sub>2</sub></entry><entry>15 - 28 ml / (5 g) with the preferred range of 20 - 28 ml / (5 g), 22 - 28 ml / (5 g) and especially 25 - 28 ml / (5 g),</entry></row><row><entry>Humidity</entry><entry>4-8%</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>and optionally one or more of the following physico-chemical parameters<tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="65mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="101mm" /><tbody><row><entry>Ratio Sears number V<sub>2</sub> to BET surface</entry><entry>0.140 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), with the preferred ranges 0.150 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), 0.170 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>), 0.180 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>) and particularly preferably 0.190 - 0.280 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>) and 0.190-0.250 ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>),</entry></row><row><entry>BET to CTAB ratio</entry><entry>0.9 - 1.2 preferably 1-1.15,</entry></row><row><entry>Primary particle diameter</entry><entry>10th - 80 nm</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>for the production of elastomer mixtures, vulcanizable rubber mixtures and / or other vulcanizates.
0028The invention further relates to elastomer mixtures, vulcanizable rubber mixtures and / or other vulcanizates which contain the silica according to the invention, such as, for example, moldings such as pneumatic tires, tire treads, cable jackets, tubes, drive belts, conveyor belts, roller coverings, tires, shoe soles, sealing rings and damping elements.
0029Furthermore, the silicas according to the invention can be used in all fields of application in which silicas are usually used, such as, for. B. in battery separators, as anti-blocking agents, as matting agents in paints and varnishes, as carriers for agricultural products and foodstuffs, in coatings, in printing inks, in fire extinguishing powders, in plastics, in the non-impact printing area, in paper pulp, in the personnel area care and special applications.
0030Using in the field of non impact printing, e.g. B. in the inkjet process, the use of the silicas of the invention is in<ul id="ul0003" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>Printing inks for thickening or to prevent splashing and dropping,</li><li>Understand paper as a filler, coating pigment, blueprint paper, thermal paper, thermal sublimation to prevent printing ink from streaking through, improving the basic image smoothness and contrast, improving dot sharpness and color brilliance.</li></ul>
0031When used in the personal care sector, the use of the silicas according to the invention as a filler or thickener is, for. B. to understand in the field of pharmacy or personal care.
0032The silica according to the invention can optionally be modified with silanes or organosilanes of the formulas 1 to III [SiR<sup>1</sup><sub>n</sub>(OR)<sub>r</sub>(Alk)<sub>m</sub>(Ar)<sub>p</sub>]<sub>q</sub>[B] (I), SiR<sup>1</sup><sub>n</sub>(OR)<sub>3-n</sub>(Alkyl) (II), or SiR<sup>1</sup><sub>n</sub>(OR)<sub>3-n</sub>(Alkenyl) (III), in which mean<dl id="dl0001"><dt>B:</dt><dd>-SCN, -SH, -Cl, -NH<sub>2</sub>, -OC (O) CHCH<sub>2</sub>, -OC (O) C (CH<sub>3</sub>) CH<sub>2</sub> (if q = 1) or -S<sub>w</sub>- (if q = 2), where B is chemically bound to alk,</dd><dt>R and R<sup>1</sup>:</dt><dd>aliphatic, olefinic, aromatic or arylaromatic radical with 2 - 30 C atoms, which can optionally be substituted with the following groups: hydroxyl, amino, alcoholate, cyanide, thiocyanide, halogen, sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid ester, Thiol, benzoic acid, benzoic acid ester, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, acrylate, methacrylate, organosilane radical, where R and R<sup>1</sup> can have the same or different meaning or substitution.</dd><dt>n:</dt><dd>0, 1 or 2,</dd><dt>Alk:</dt><dd>a divalent unbranched or branched hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms,</dd><dt>m:</dt><dd>0 or 1,</dd><dt>Ar:</dt><dd>an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms, which can be substituted with the following groups: hydroxyl, amino, alcoholate, cyanide, thiocyanide, halogen, sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid ester, thiol -, Benzoic acid, benzoic acid ester, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, organosilane residue.</dd><dt>p:</dt><dd>0 or 1, provided that p and n do not simultaneously mean 0,</dd><dt>q:</dt><dd>1 or 2,</dd><dt>w:</dt><dd>a number from 2 to 8,</dd><dt>r:</dt><dd>1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that r + n + m + p = 4,</dd><dt>Alkyl:</dt><dd>a monovalent unbranched or branched saturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms,</dd><dt>Alkenyl:</dt><dd>a monovalent unbranched or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms.</dd></dl>
0033The silica according to the invention can also be combined with organosilicon compounds with the composition SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>4-n</sub>X<sub>n</sub> (with n = 1, 2, 3, 4), [SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>X<sub>y</sub>O]<sub>e.g.</sub> (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; 3 ≤ z ≤ 10, with x + y = 2), [SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>X<sub>y</sub>N]<sub>e.g.</sub> (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; 3 ≤ z ≤ 10, with x + y = 2), SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub>X<sub>m</sub>OSiR<sup>2</sup><sub>O</sub>X<sub>p</sub>(with 0≤ n ≤3; 0≤ m ≤ 3; 0≤ o ≤ 3; 0≤ p ≤ 3, with n + m = 3, o + p = 3), SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub>X<sub>m</sub>NSiR<sup>2</sup><sub>O</sub>X<sub>p</sub>(with 0≤n≤3; 0≤m≤3; 0≤o≤3; 0≤p≤3, with n + m = 3, o + p = 3), SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub>X<sub>m</sub>[SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>X<sub>y</sub>O]<sub>e.g.</sub>SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>O</sub>X<sub>p</sub> (with 0 ≤ n ≤ 3; 0 ≤ m ≤3; 0 ≤ x ≤ 2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 3; 0 ≤ p ≤ 3; 1 ≤ z ≤ 10000, with n + m = 3 , x + y = 2, o + p = 3) can be modified. These compounds can be linear, cyclic and branched silane, silazane and siloxane compounds. At R<sup>2</sup> it can be substituted and / or unsubstituted alkyl and / or aryl radicals with 1-20 carbon atoms, which can be substituted with functional groups such as the hydroxyl group, the amino group, polyethers such as ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and halide groups such as fluoride. R<sup>2</sup> can also contain groups such as alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl groups and sulfur-containing groups. X can be reactive groups such as silanol, amino, thiol, halogen, alkoxy-alkenyl groups and a hydrogen radical.
0034Linear polysiloxanes with the composition SiR are preferred<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub>X<sub>m</sub>[SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>X<sub>y</sub>O]<sub>e.g.</sub>SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>O</sub>X<sub>p</sub> (with 0≤n≤3; 0≤m≤3; 0≤x≤2; 0≤y≤2; 0≤o≤3; 0≤p≤3; 1≤z≤10000, with n + m = 3 ; x + y = 2; o + p = 3), where R<sup>2</sup> is preferably represented by methyl.
0035Polysiloxanes with the composition SiR are particularly preferred<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub>X<sub>m</sub>[SiR<sup>2</sup>xX<sub>y</sub>O]<sub>e.g.</sub>SiR<sup>2</sup><sub>O</sub>X<sub>p</sub> (with 0≤n≤3; 0≤m≤1; 0≤x≤2; 0≤y≤2; 0≤o≤3; 0≤p≤1; 1≤z≤1000, with n + m = 3 , x + y = 2, o + p = 3), in which R<sup>2</sup> is preferably represented by methyl.
0036The optionally granulated, ungranulated, ground and / or unmilled precipitated silica can be modified with one or more of the organosilanes mentioned in mixtures of 0.5 to 50 parts, based on 100 parts precipitated silica, in particular 1 to 15 parts, based on 100 parts precipitated silica. the reaction between precipitated silica and organosilane during the preparation of the mixture (in situ) or outside by spraying on and then tempering the mixture, by mixing the organosilane and the silica suspension with subsequent drying and tempering (for example according to <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="DE3437473"><text>DE 3437473</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="DE19609619"><text>DE 19609619</text></patcit>) or according to the procedure described in <patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="DE19609619"><text>DE 19609619</text></patcit> or <patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="DEPS4004781C"><text>DE-PS 4004781</text></patcit> can be carried out.
0037In principle, all bifunctional silanes are suitable as organosilicon compounds, which on the one hand can couple to the filler containing silanol groups and on the other hand can couple to the polymer. Usual amounts of the organosilicon compounds used are 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of precipitated silica.
0038Examples of these organosilicon compounds are:<ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfan, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Other organosilicon compounds are in<patcit id="pcit0014" dnum="WO9909036A"><text>WO 99/09036</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0015" dnum="EP1108231A"><text>EP 1108231</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0016" dnum="DE10137809"><text>DE 10137809</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0017" dnum="DE10163945"><text>DE 10163945</text></patcit>, <patcit id="pcit0018" dnum="DE10223658"><text>DE 10223658</text></patcit> described.</li></ul>
0039In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane can be used as the silane.
0040The silica according to the invention can be mixed into elastomer mixtures, tires or vulcanizable rubber mixtures as reinforcing filler in amounts of 5 to 200 parts, based on 100 parts of rubber as powder, spherical product or granules, both with silane modification and without silane modification.
0041Rubber and elastomer mixtures are to be regarded as equivalent in the sense of the present invention.
0042The silanol groups on the silica surface act as possible chemical reactants with a coupling reagent in rubber or rubber mixtures. This is, for example, a bifunctional silane such as bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane, which enables the silica to be bound to the rubber matrix. With the highest possible number of silanol groups, a high probability of a coupling between silica and the coupling reagent and thus a high probability of binding the silica to the rubber matrix is achieved, which ultimately leads to a higher reinforcement potential. The Sears number V<sub>2</sub> is a measure for describing the number of silanol groups in silica, while the BET surface area of a silica describes its specific surface area, which has a major influence on the processing behavior and other rubber properties of a compound.
0043However, the specification of the absolute number of silanol groups alone is not sufficient to adequately characterize a precipitated silica, since precipitated silicas with a high surface generally have a higher absolute number of silanol groups than precipitated silicas with a low surface. The quotient from Sears number V is therefore important<sub>2</sub>/ BET. The reinforcement potential generated by the silanol groups can thus be represented per specific surface unit introduced.
0044In addition to mixtures which contain exclusively the silicas according to the invention, with and without the organosilanes mentioned, as fillers, the elastomer or rubber mixtures can additionally be filled with one or more more or less reinforcing fillers.
0045The following materials can be used as additional fillers:<ul id="ul0005" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>Carbon blacks: The carbon blacks to be used here are produced using the flame black, furnace or gas black process and have BET surface areas of 20 to 200 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, such as B. SAF, ISAF, HSAF, HAF, FEF or GPF carbon blacks. The carbon blacks can optionally also contain heteroatoms such as silicon.</li><li>finely divided pyrogens. Silicas, produced for example by flame hydrolysis of silicon halides. The silicas can optionally also be mixed oxides with other metal oxides, such as Al, Mg,</li></ul>
0046Ca, Ba, Zn and titanium oxides are present.<ul id="ul0006" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>other commercial silicas</li><li>Synthetic silicates, such as aluminum silicate, alkaline earth metal silicates, such as magnesium silicate or calcium silicate, with BET surface areas of 20 to 400 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and primary particle diameters from 10 to 400 nm</li><li>Synthetic or natural aluminum oxides and hydroxides</li><li>Natural silicates, such as kaolin, other naturally occurring silicon dioxide compounds</li><li>Glass fiber and glass fiber products (mats, strands) or micro glass balls</li><li>Starch and modified starch types</li><li>Natural fillers, such as clays and pebbles</li></ul>
0047The blending ratio also depends here, as in the metering of the organosilanes, on the property profile to be achieved of the finished rubber mixture. A ratio of 5-95% between the silicas according to the invention and the other fillers mentioned above (also as a mixture) is conceivable and is also realized in this context
0048In a particularly preferred embodiment, 10 to 150 parts by weight of silicas, wholly or partly consisting of the silica according to the invention, optionally together with 0 to 100 parts by weight of carbon black, and 1 to 10 parts by weight of an organosilicon compound, based in each case 100 parts by weight of rubber can be used to prepare the mixtures.
0049In addition to the silicas according to the invention, the organosilanes and other fillers, the elastomers form another important component of the rubber mixture. These include elastomers, natural and synthetic, oil-stretched or not, as a single polymer or blended with other rubbers, such as natural rubbers, polybutadiene (BR), polyisoprene (IR), styrene / butadiene copolymers with styrene contents from 1 to 60, preferably 2 to 50% by weight (SBR), in particular produced by means of the solution polymerization process, butyl rubbers, isobutylene / isoprene copolymers (IIR), Butadiene / acrylonitrile copolymers with acrylonitrile contents of 5 to 60, preferably 10 to 50% by weight (NBR), partially hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated NBR rubber (HNBR), ethylene / propylene / diene copolymers (EPDM) and mixtures of these rubbers .
0050The following additional rubbers are also suitable for rubber mixtures with the abovementioned rubbers: carboxyl rubbers, epoxy rubbers, trans-polypentenamers, halogenated butyl rubbers, rubbers made from 2-chloro-butadiene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, optionally also chemical derivatives of natural rubber as well as modified natural rubbers.
0051Preferred synthetic rubbers are described, for example, by W. Hofmann, "Kautschuk-Technologie", Genter Verlag, Stuttgart 1980.
0052Of particular interest for the production of the tires according to the invention are anionically polymerized L-SBR rubbers (solution SBR) with a glass transition temperature above -50 ° C. and their mixtures with diene rubbers.
0053The silicas according to the invention, with or without silane, can be used in all rubber applications, such as moldings, tires, tire treads, conveyor belts, conveyor belts, seals, drive belts, hoses, shoe soles, cable jackets, roller coverings, damping elements, etc.
0054This silica is incorporated and the mixtures containing this silica are prepared in the manner customary in the rubber industry on an internal mixer or rolling mill at preferably 80-200 ° C. The form of administration or use of the silicas can be in the form of powder, spherical product or granules. Here too, the silicas according to the invention do not differ from the known light fillers.
0055The rubber vulcanizates according to the invention can contain further rubber auxiliaries in the usual dosages, such as reaction accelerators, anti-aging agents, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, anti-ozone agents, processing aids, plasticizers, tackifiers, blowing agents, dyes, pigments, waxes, extenders, organic acids, retarders, metal oxides and activators, such as triethanolamine , Polyethylene glycol, hexanetriol. These compounds are known in the rubber industry.
0056The rubber auxiliaries can be used in known amounts, which depend inter alia on the intended use. Typical amounts are, for example, amounts of 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the rubber used. Sulfur or sulfur-donating substances can be used as crosslinking agents. The rubber mixtures according to the invention can also contain vulcanization accelerators. Examples of suitable main accelerators are mercaptobenzothiazoles, sulfenamides, thiurams, dithiocarbamates in amounts of 0.5 to 3% by weight. Examples of co-accelerators are guanidienes, thioureas and thiocarbonates in amounts of 0.5 to 5% by weight. Sulfur can usually be used in amounts of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 3% by weight, based on the rubber used.
0057The silicas according to the invention can be used in rubbers which can be crosslinked with accelerators and / or sulfur, but also peroxidically.
0058The vulcanization of the rubber mixtures according to the invention can take place at temperatures from 100 to 200 ° C., preferably 130 to 180 ° C., if appropriate under pressure from 10 to 200 bar. The mixing of the rubbers with the filler, optionally rubber auxiliaries and the organosilicon compound can be carried out in known mixing units, such as rollers, internal mixers and mixing extruders.
0059The rubber mixtures according to the invention are suitable for the production of moldings, for example for the manufacture of pneumatic tires, tire treads for summer, winter and all-season tires, car tires, tires for commercial vehicles, motorcycle tires, tire sub-components, cable jackets, tubes, drive belts, conveyor belts, roller coverings, Shoe soles, sealing rings and damping elements.
0060The silicas according to the invention have the advantage that they give the rubber vulcanizates a higher reinforcement and thus an improved abrasion resistance due to the higher rubber activity compared to an identical rubber mixture with previously known silicas. In addition, they show very good dispersions and also advantages in the vulcanization time.
0061The rubber mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of car tire treads with low rolling resistance or good winter suitability. Furthermore, the silicas according to the invention, without the addition of organosilicon compounds, in the blend with a typical tread soot, are also suitable for improving the cut & chip behavior of construction, agricultural and pit tires (for definition and further explanations see "New insights into the tear mechanism" and References here, presented at Tire Tech 2003 in Hamburg by Dr. W. Niedermeier).
0062The reaction conditions and the physical / chemical data of the precipitated silicas according to the invention are determined using the following methods:
<u>Determination of the moisture of silica</u>
0063According to ISO 787-2, the volatile fractions (hereinafter referred to as moisture for the sake of simplicity) of silica are determined after this drying after 2 hours at 105 ° C. This drying loss generally consists mainly of water moisture.
execution
006410 g of the powdered, spherical or granular silica are weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg into a dry weighing glass with a ground lid (diameter 8 cm, height 3 cm) (weight E). The sample is dried for 2 hours at 105 ± 2 ° C in a drying cabinet with the lid open. The weighing glass is then closed and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator cabinet with silica gel as the drying agent. The weight A is determined gravimetrically.
0065The moisture in% is determined according to ((E in g - A in g) * 100%) / (E in g).
<u>Determination of the modified Sears number of silicas</u>
0066By titration of silica with potassium hydroxide solution in the range from pH 6 to pH 9, the modified Sears number (in the following Sears number V<sub>2</sub> called) determine as a measure of the number of free hydroxy groups.
0067The determination method is based on the following chemical reactions, with "Si" -OH symbolizing a silanol group of silica: "Si" -OH + NaCl → "Si" -ONa + HCl HCl + KOH → KCl + H<sub>2</sub>O.
execution
006810.00 g of a powdery, spherical or granular silica with 5 ± 1% moisture are crushed for 60 seconds with an IKA M 20 universal mill (550 W; 20,000 rpm). If necessary, the moisture content of the starting substance must be adjusted by drying at 105 ° C. in a drying cabinet or even moistening and the comminution must be repeated. 2.50 g of the silica treated in this way are weighed into a 250 ml titration vessel at room temperature and mixed with 60.0 ml of methanol p. A. transferred. After the sample has been completely wetted, 40.0 ml of deionized water are added and dispersion is carried out using an Ultra Turrax T 25 stirrer (KV-18G stirrer shaft, 18 mm in diameter) for 30 seconds at a speed of 18,000 rpm. The sample particles adhering to the rim of the vessel and stirrer are rinsed into the suspension with 100 ml of deionized water and heated to 25 ° C. in a thermostatted water bath.
0069The pH measuring device (Knick, type: 766 Calimatic pH meter with temperature sensor) and the pH electrode (single-rod measuring chain from Schott, type N7680) are calibrated at room temperature using buffer solutions (pH 7.00 and 9.00). With the pH meter, the initial pH value of the suspension is first measured at 25 ° C, then, depending on the result, the pH value is adjusted with potassium hydroxide solution (0.1 mol / l) or hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 mol / l) 6:00 set. The consumption of KOH or HCI solution in ml up to pH 6.00 corresponds to V<sub>1</sub>'.
0070Then 20.0 ml of sodium chloride solution (250.00 g of NaCl p.A. made up to 11 with deionized water) are metered in. The titration is then continued with 0.1 mol / l KOH until the pH is 9.00. The consumption of KOH solution in ml up to pH 9.00 corresponds to V<sub>2</sub>'.
0071The volumes V<sub>1</sub>', or V<sub>2</sub>'First standardized to the theoretical weight of 1 g and expanded to 5, from which V<sub>1</sub> and the Sears number V<sub>2</sub> in units of ml / (5 g).
<u>Determination of the BET surface area</u>
0072The specific nitrogen surface (hereinafter referred to as BET surface area) of the powdery, spherical or granular silica is determined in accordance with ISO 5794-1 / Annex D using an AREA meter (from Ströhlein, JUWE).
<u>Determination of the CTAB surface</u>
0073The method is based on the adsorption of CTAB (N-hexadecyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide) on the "outer" surface of the silica, which is also referred to as the "rubber-active surface", in accordance with ASTM 3765 or NFT 45-007 (Chapter 5.12.1.3). CTAB is adsorbed in aqueous solution with stirring and ultrasound treatment. Excess, non-adsorbed CTAB is determined by back titration with NDSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate solution, "Aerosol OT" solution) with a titroprocessor, the end point being given by the maximum of the turbidity of the solution and being determined with a phototrode. The temperature during all operations performed is 23-25 ° C to prevent the crystallization of CTAB. The back titration is based on the following reaction equation:<chemistry id="chem0001" num="0001"><img file="EP1585704B1_D0001.tif" /></chemistry>
equipment
0074<ul id="ul0007" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Titroprocessor METTLER Toledo type DL 55 and titroprocessor METTLER Toledo type DL 70, each equipped with: pH electrode, manufactured by Mettler, type DG 111 and phototrode, manufactured by Mettler, type DP 550</li><li>Titration beaker 100 ml made of polypropylene</li><li>Titration glass jar, 150 ml with lid</li><li>Pressure filtration device, 100 ml content</li><li>Membrane filter made of cellulose nitrate, pore size 0.1 µm, 47 mm Ø, z. B. Whatman (# 7181-004)</li></ul>
Reagents
0075The solutions from CTAB (0.015 mol / l in deionized water) and NDSS (0.00423 mol / l in deionized water) are obtained ready for use (from Kraft, Duisburg: order no.6056.4700 CTAB solution 0.015 mol / l; order no 6057.4700 NDSS solution 0.00423 mol / l), stored at 25 ° C and used up within one month.
execution
Blind titration
0076The consumption of NDSS solution for titration of 5 ml CTAB solution must be checked once a day before each series of measurements. For this purpose, the phototrode is set to 1000 ± 20 mV before the titration begins (corresponding to a transparency of 100%).
0077Exactly 5.00 ml of CTAB solution are pipetted into a titration beaker and 50.0 ml of deionized water are added. The titration with NDSS solution is carried out with stirring according to the measurement method familiar to the person skilled in the art with the DL 55 titroprocessor up to the max. Turbidity of the solution. The consumption V is determined<sub>1</sub> of NDSS solution in ml. Each titration must be carried out as a triple determination.
adsorption
007810.0 g of the powdery, spherical or granulated silica with a moisture content of 5 ± 2% (if necessary, the moisture content is adjusted by drying at 105 ° C in a drying cabinet or even moistening) with a mill (Krups, Model KM 75, article no .2030-70) crushed for 30 seconds. Exactly 500.0 mg of the comminuted sample are transferred to a 150 ml titration vessel with magnetic stirrers and exactly 100.0 ml of CTAB solution are added. The titration vessel is closed with a lid and stirred for 15 minutes with a magnetic stirrer. Hydrophobic silicas are stirred with an Ultra Turrax T 25 stirrer (stirrer shaft KV-18G, 18 mm diameter) at 18,000 rpm for a maximum of 1 minute until completely wetted. The titration vessel is screwed to the DL 70 titroprocessor and the pH of the suspension is adjusted to a value of 9 ± 0.05 with KOH (0.1 mol / l). The suspension is sonicated for 4 minutes in the titration vessel in an ultrasonic bath (from Bandelin, Sonorex RK 106 S, 35 kHz) at 25 ° C. This is followed by immediate pressure filtration through a membrane filter at a nitrogen pressure of 1.2 bar. The flow of 5 ml is discarded.
Titration
00795.00 ml of the remaining filtrate are pipetted into a 100 ml titration beaker and made up to 50.00 ml with deionized water. The titration beaker is screwed onto the DL 55 titroprocessor and the titration with NDSS solution is carried out with stirring until the maximum turbidity. The consumption V is determined<sub>II</sub> of NDSS solution in ml. Each turbidity must be carried out as a triple determination.
calculation
0080With the help of the measured values<ul id="ul0008" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>V<sub>I.</sub> = Consumption of NDSS solution in ml when titrating the blank sample</li><li>V<sub>II</sub> = Consumption of NDSS solution in ml when using the filtrate</li></ul>surrendered:<ul id="ul0009" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>V<sub>I.</sub>/ V<sub>II</sub> = Amount of substance CTAB of the blank sample / amount of substance CTAB still present in the filtrate sample.</li></ul>
0081From this it follows for the adsorbed substance quantity N of CTAB in g: <maths id="math0001"><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mfenced><mfenced><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></msub><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></msub></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">5.5</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">5</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mi>ml</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mfenced><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></msub><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1000</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mi>ml</mi></mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">.</mn></math><img file="EP1585704B1_D0002.tif" /></maths>
0082Since only 5 ml of 100 ml of filtrate was titrated, 0.5 g of silica with a defined moisture content was used and the space requirement of 1 g of CTAB 578435 * 10<sup>-3</sup> m<sup>2</sup> follows from this: CTAB surface (not water-corrected) in m<sup>2</sup>/ g = (N * 20 * 578,435 m<sup>2</sup>/ g) / (0.5 g) and CTAB surface (not water-corrected) in m<sup>2</sup>/ g = ((V<sub>I.</sub> - V<sub>II</sub>) * 636.2785 m<sup>2</sup>/ g) / V<sub>I.</sub>.
0083The CTAB surface is based on the anhydrous silica, which is why the following correction is carried out. <maths id="math0002"><math display="block"><mi>CTAB</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi>Surface</mi><mo></mo><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">¨</mo></mover><mo></mo><mi>che in</mi><mspace width="1em" /><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mfenced><mi>CTAB</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi>Surface</mi><mo></mo><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">¨</mo></mover><mo></mo><mi>che</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mfenced><mi>not water corrected</mi></mfenced><mspace width="1em" /><mi>in</mi><mspace width="1em" /><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">100</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mo mathvariant="normal">%</mo></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">100</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mo mathvariant="normal">%</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi>Moisture in</mi><mspace width="1em" /><mo mathvariant="normal">%</mo></mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">.</mn></math><img file="EP1585704B1_D0003.tif" /></maths>
<u>Determination of the DBP intake</u>
0084The DBP intake (DBP number), which is a measure of the absorbency of the precipitated silica, is determined as follows based on the standard DIN 53601:
execution
008512.50 g of powdered or spherical silica with 0 - 10% moisture content (if necessary, the moisture content is adjusted by drying at 105 ° C in the drying cabinet) are added to the kneader chamber (article number 279061) of the Brabender absorptometer "E" (without damping the output filter of the Torque transducer). In the case of granules, the sieve fraction is from 3.15 to 1 mm (stainless steel sieves from Retsch) used (by gently pressing the granules with a plastic spatula through the sieve with 3.15 mm pore size). With constant mixing (circulation speed of the kneader blades 125 rpm), dibutyl phthalate is dripped into the mixture at room temperature through the "Dosimaten Brabender T 90/50" at a rate of 4 ml / min. Mixing takes place with only a small amount of power and is tracked using the digital display. Towards the end of the determination, the mixture becomes pasty, which is indicated by a steep increase in the power requirement. When 600 digits are displayed (torque of 0.6 Nm), the kneader and the DBP metering are switched off by an electrical contact. The synchronous motor for the DBP supply is coupled to a digital counter so that the consumption of DBP can be read in ml.
evaluation
0086The DBP intake is given in g / (100 g) and calculated from the measured DBP consumption using the following formula. The density of DBP is typically 1,047 g / ml at 20 ° C.<maths id="math0003"><math display="block"><mi>DBP</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi>Inclusion in g</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">100</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mfenced><mfenced><mi>DBP consumption in ml</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mfenced><mi>Density of the DBP in g</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mi>ml</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">100</mn></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">12.5</mn><mspace width="1em" /><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi></mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">.</mn></math><img file="EP1585704B1_D0004.tif" /></maths>
0087The DBP intake is defined for the anhydrous, dried silica. When using moist precipitated silica, the value should be corrected using the following correction table. The correction value corresponding to the water content is added to the experimentally determined DBP value; e.g. B. a water content of 5.8% would mean a supplement of 33 g / (100 g) for the DBP intake.
Correction table for dibutyl phthalate intake -hydrous-
0088<tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="10mm" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top" /><entry colsep="0" valign="top"><b>.% Water</b></entry><entry colsep="0" valign="top" /><entry colsep="0" valign="top" /><entry colsep="0" valign="top" /><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry rowsep="0"><b>% Water</b></entry><entry colsep="0">.0</entry><entry colsep="0">.2</entry><entry colsep="0">.4</entry><entry colsep="0">.6</entry><entry>.8</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">0</entry><entry>0</entry><entry>2</entry><entry>4</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>7</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">1</entry><entry>9</entry><entry>10</entry><entry>12</entry><entry>13</entry><entry>15</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">2</entry><entry>16</entry><entry>18</entry><entry>19</entry><entry>20</entry><entry>22</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">3</entry><entry>23</entry><entry>24</entry><entry>26</entry><entry>27</entry><entry>28</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">4</entry><entry>28</entry><entry>29</entry><entry>29</entry><entry>30</entry><entry>31</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">5</entry><entry>31</entry><entry>32</entry><entry>32</entry><entry>33</entry><entry>33</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">6</entry><entry>34</entry><entry>34</entry><entry>35</entry><entry>35</entry><entry>36</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">7</entry><entry>36</entry><entry>37</entry><entry>38</entry><entry>38</entry><entry>39</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">8</entry><entry>39</entry><entry>40</entry><entry>40</entry><entry>41</entry><entry>41</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0">9</entry><entry>42</entry><entry>43</entry><entry>43</entry><entry>44</entry><entry>44</entry></row><row><entry>10</entry><entry>45</entry><entry>45</entry><entry>46</entry><entry>46</entry><entry>47</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>pH determination</u>
0089The method based on DIN EN ISO 787-9 is used to determine the pH of an aqueous suspension of silicas at 20 ° C. For this purpose, an aqueous suspension of the sample to be examined is produced. After briefly shaking the suspension, its pH is determined using a previously calibrated pH meter.
execution
0090Before carrying out the pH measurement, the pH meter (from Knick, type: 766 pH meter Calimatic with temperature sensor) and the pH electrode (combination electrode from Schott, type N7680) must be used at 20 ° every day using the buffer solutions C to calibrate. The calibration function must be selected so that the two buffer solutions used include the expected pH value of the sample (buffer solutions with pH 4.00 and 7.00, pH 7.00 and pH 9.00 and possibly pH 7.00 and 12.00). When using granules, 20.0 g of silica are first comminuted for 20 s using a mill (Krups, model KM 75, item no. 2030-70).
00915.00 g of powdered or spherical silica with a moisture content of 5 ± 1% (if necessary, the moisture content is adjusted by drying at 105 ° C in a drying cabinet or evenly moistening before shredding) on a precision balance to the nearest 0.01 g in a previously tared glass wide-mouth bottle weighed in. 95.0 ml of deionized water are added to the sample. The suspension is then shaken in a closed vessel for 5 minutes using a shaker (Gerhardt, Model LS10, 55 W, level 7) at room temperature. The pH value is measured immediately after shaking. For this purpose, the electrode is first rinsed with deionized water, then with part of the suspension and then immersed in the suspension. After adding a magnetic fish to the suspension, the pH measurement is carried out at a constant stirring speed with slight formation of droplets in the suspension. If the pH meter shows a constant value, the pH value is read on the display.
0092When using hydrophobic silica, the procedure is analogous, but then 5.00 g of the possibly shredded sample with 5 ± 1% moisture content are weighed on the precision balance to the nearest 0.01 g in a previously tared glass wide-mouth bottle. 50.0 ml of methanol p. A. and 50.0 ml of deionized water are added, and then the suspension is kept in a sealed vessel for 5 minutes using a shaker (Fa. Gerhardt, model LS10, 55 W, level 7) shaken at room temperature. The pH is also measured with stirring, but after exactly 5 minutes.
<u>Determination of the solids content of filter cakes</u>
0093According to this method, the solids content of filter cakes is determined by removing the volatile components at 105 ° C.
execution
0094100.00 g of the filter cake are weighed into a dry, tared porcelain bowl (diameter 20 cm) (sample weight E). If necessary, the filter cake is crushed with a spatula to make loose chunks of 1 cm maximum<sup>3</sup> to obtain. The sample is dried to constant weight at 105 ± 2 ° C in a drying cabinet. The sample is then cooled to room temperature in a desiccator cabinet with silica gel as the drying agent. The weight A is determined gravimetrically.
0095The solids content is determined in% according to 100% - (((E in g - A in g) * 100%) / (E in g)).
<u>Determination of the electrical conductivity</u>
0096The electrical conductivity (LF) of silicas is determined in an aqueous suspension.
execution
0097When using granules, 20.0 g of silica are first comminuted for 20 s using a mill (Krups, model KM 75, item no. 2030-70). 4.00 g of powdered or spherical silica with a moisture content of 5 ± 1% (if necessary, the moisture content is adjusted by drying at 105 ° C in a drying cabinet or evenly moistening before shredding), are suspended in 50.0 ml of deionized water and heated to 100 ° C for 1 min . The sample, which is cooled to 20 ° C, is filled up to exactly 100 ml and homogenized by shaking.
0098The measuring cell of the conductivity measuring device LF 530 (from WTW) is rinsed with a small amount of sample before the measuring cell LTA01 is immersed in the suspension. The value shown on the display corresponds to the conductivity at 20 ° C, since the external temperature sensor TFK 530 carries out automatic temperature compensation. This temperature coefficient and the cell constant k must be checked before each series of measurements.
00990.01 mol / l potassium chloride solution is used as calibration solution (LF at 20 ° C = 1278 µS / cm).
<u>Determination of the solids content of precipitation suspensions</u>
0100The solids content of the precipitation suspension is determined gravimetrically after filtering the sample.
execution
0101100.0 ml of the homogenized precipitation suspension (V<sub>suspension</sub>) are measured at room temperature using a measuring cylinder. The sample is sucked through a round filter (TYPE 572, from Schleicher & Schuell) in a porcelain nutsche, but not sucked dry to prevent cracking of the filter cake. The filter cake is then washed with 100.0 ml of deionized water. The washed-out filter cake is suctioned off completely, transferred to a tared porcelain bowl and dried at 105 ± 2 ° C in a drying cabinet to constant weight. The weight of the dried silica (m<sub>sample</sub>) is determined. The solids content is determined according to:<maths id="math0004"><math display="block"><mi>Solids content in g</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mfenced><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi>sample</mi></msub><mspace width="1em" /><mi>in g</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><mfenced><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mi>suspension</mi></msub><mspace width="1em" /><mi>in l</mi></mfenced><mn mathvariant="normal">.</mn></math><img file="EP1585704B1_D0005.tif" /></maths>
<u>Determination of the alkali number</u>
0102The alkali number determination (AZ) is the consumption of hydrochloric acid in ml (with 50 ml sample volume, 50 ml distilled water and a hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.5 mol / l) with a direct potentiometric titration of alkaline solutions or suspensions up to a pH of 8.30. The free alkali content of the solution or suspension is hereby recorded.
execution
0103The pH device (Knick, type: 766 Calimatic pH meter with temperature sensor) and the pH electrode (single-rod measuring chain from Schott, type N7680) are mixed with two buffer solutions (pH = 7.00 and pH = 10.00) at room temperature calibrated. The combination electrode is immersed in the measuring solution or suspension, which is tempered to 40 ° C and consists of 50.0 ml sample and 50.0 ml deionized water. Then, dropwise, hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / l is added until a constant pH of 8.30 is reached. Due to the slowly developing equilibrium between the silica and the free alkali content, it takes 15 minutes to finally read off the acid consumption. For the selected amounts of substance and concentrations, the hydrochloric acid consumption in ml corresponds directly to the alkali number, which is stated dimensionless.
0104The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without restricting its scope.
Example 1 Preparation of the silicas
Example 1.1
01051550 liters of water and 141.4 kg water glass (density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 8.05% Na<sub>2</sub>O) submitted.
0106Then, with vigorous stirring at 92 ° C. for 80 minutes, 5,505 kg / min of the abovementioned water glass and about 0.65 kg / min of sulfuric acid (density 1.83 kg / l, 96% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) added. This metering of sulfuric acid is regulated in such a way that an AZ number of 20 prevails in the reaction medium. The addition of water glass is then stopped and the sulfuric acid is continued until a pH of 5.0 (measured at room temperature) is reached.
0107The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and washed with water. The filter cake with a solids content of 21% is liquefied with aqueous sulfuric acid and a shaving unit. The silica food with 18% solids content and a pH of 4.0 is then dried in a nozzle tower with ammonia metering.
0108The Micro Bead product obtained has a BET surface area of 123 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and a CTAB surface area of 119 m<sup>2</sup>/ g on.
Example 1.2
01091550 liters of water and 141.4 kg water glass (density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 8.05% Na<sub>2</sub>O) submitted.
0110Then 5.505 kg / min of the abovementioned water glass and about 0.65 kg / min of sulfuric acid (density 1.83 kg / l, 96% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) added. This metering of sulfuric acid is regulated in such a way that an AZ number of 20 prevails in the reaction medium. The addition of water glass is then stopped and the sulfuric acid is continued until a pH of 4.5 (measured at room temperature) is reached.
0111The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and washed with water. The filter cake with a solids content of 19% is liquefied with aqueous sulfuric acid and a shaving unit. The silica food with a solids content of 17% and a pH of 3.0 is then dried in a nozzle tower while metering ammonia.
0112The Micro Bead product obtained has a BET surface area of 168 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and a CTAB surface of 148 m<sup>2</sup>/ g on.
Example 1.3
01131550 liters of water and 141.4 kg water glass (density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 8.05% Na<sub>2</sub>O) submitted.
0114Then 5.505 kg / min of the abovementioned water glass and about 0.65 kg / min of sulfuric acid (density 1.83 kg / l, 96% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) added. This metering of sulfuric acid is regulated in such a way that an AZ number of 20 prevails in the reaction medium. Then the addition of water glass is stopped and the. Sulfuric acid continued until a pH of 5.0 (measured at room temperature) is reached.
0115The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and washed with water. The filter cake with a solids content of 21% is liquefied with aqueous sulfuric acid and a shaving unit. The silica food with 18% solids content and a pH of 4.0 is then spray dried with ammonia metering and roll granulated.
0116The granular product obtained has a BET surface area of 126 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and a CTAB surface of 118 m<sup>2</sup>/ g on.
Example 1.4
01171550 liters of water and 141.4 kg water glass (density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 8.05% Na<sub>2</sub>O) submitted.
0118Then, with vigorous stirring at 92 ° C. for 100 minutes, 5,505 kg / min of the abovementioned water glass and about 0.65 kg / min of sulfuric acid (density 1.83 kg / l, 96% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) added. This metering of sulfuric acid is regulated in such a way that an AZ number of 20 prevails in the reaction medium. The addition of water glass is then stopped and the sulfuric acid is continued until a pH of 5.0 (measured at room temperature) is reached.
0119The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and washed with water. The filter cake with 22% solids content is liquefied with aqueous sulfuric acid and a shaving unit. The silica food with a solids content of 19% and a pH of 3.8 is then spray-dried with ammonia metering and roller-granulated.
0120The granular product obtained has a BET surface area of 130 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and a CTAB surface area of 113 m<sup>2</sup>/ g on.
Example 1.5
01211550 liters of water and 141.4 kg water glass (density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 8.05% Na<sub>2</sub>O) submitted.
0122Then, with vigorous stirring at 92.0 ° C for 100 minutes, 5,505 kg / min of the above-mentioned water glass and approx. 0.65 kg / min sulfuric acid (density 1.83 kg / l, 96% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) added. This metering of sulfuric acid is regulated in such a way that an AZ number of 20 prevails in the reaction medium. The addition of water glass is then stopped and the sulfuric acid is continued until a pH of 5.0 (measured at room temperature) is reached.
0123The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and washed with water. The filter cake with a solids content of 21% is liquefied with aqueous sulfuric acid and a shaving unit. The silica food with a solids content of 19% and a pH of 4.0 is then dried with a nozzle tower while metering ammonia.
0124The Micro Bead product obtained has a BET surface area of 110 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and a CTAB surface of 108 m<sup>2</sup>/ g on.
Example 1.6
01251550 liters of water and 141.4 kg water glass (density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 8.05% Na<sub>2</sub>O) submitted.
0126Then, with vigorous stirring at 88.0 ° C. for 100 minutes, 5,505 kg / min of the above-mentioned water glass and approx. 0.65 kg / min sulfuric acid (density 1.83 kg / l, 96% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) added. This metering of sulfuric acid is regulated in such a way that an AZ number of 20 prevails in the reaction medium. The addition of water glass is then stopped and the sulfuric acid is continued until a pH of 5.0 (measured at room temperature) is reached.
0127The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and washed with water. The filter cake with 22% solids content is liquefied with aqueous sulfuric acid and a shaving unit. The silica food with a solids content of 20% and a pH of 3.0 is then dried with a nozzle tower while metering ammonia.
0128The Micro Bead product obtained has a BET surface area of 143 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and a CTAB surface of 131 m<sup>2</sup>/ g on.
0129Further physicochemical data of the above-mentioned silicas are summarized in the following table.<tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="9"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="24mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>Silica from example no.</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>BET</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>CTAB</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>DBP</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>Humidity</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>pH</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>conductivity</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>Sears number V<sub>2</sub></b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>Sears number V<sub>2</sub>/ BET</b></entry></row><row><entry valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">[m<sup>2</sup>/G]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[m<sup>2</sup>/G]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[g / (100g)]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[%]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[-]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[µS / cm]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[ml / (5 g)]</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">[ml / (5 m<sup>2</sup>)]</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>1.1</entry><entry align="center">123</entry><entry align="center">119</entry><entry align="center">272</entry><entry align="center">4.8</entry><entry align="center">5.6</entry><entry align="center">610</entry><entry align="center">24</entry><entry align="center">0.195</entry></row><row><entry>1.2</entry><entry align="center">168</entry><entry align="center">148</entry><entry align="center">265</entry><entry align="center">5.5</entry><entry align="center">6.0</entry><entry align="center">700</entry><entry align="center">26</entry><entry align="center">0.155</entry></row><row><entry>1.3</entry><entry align="center">126</entry><entry align="center">118</entry><entry align="center">207</entry><entry align="center">5.1</entry><entry align="center">5.1</entry><entry align="center">810</entry><entry align="center">22</entry><entry align="center">0.175</entry></row><row><entry>1.4</entry><entry align="center">130</entry><entry align="center">113</entry><entry align="center">204</entry><entry align="center">5.2</entry><entry align="center">6.2</entry><entry align="center">720</entry><entry align="center">22</entry><entry align="center">0.169</entry></row><row><entry>1.5</entry><entry align="center">110</entry><entry align="center">108</entry><entry align="center">271</entry><entry align="center">5.1</entry><entry align="center">5.5</entry><entry align="center">930</entry><entry align="center">25</entry><entry align="center">0.227</entry></row><row><entry>1.6</entry><entry align="center">143</entry><entry align="center">131</entry><entry align="center">258</entry><entry align="center">4.8</entry><entry align="center">5.7</entry><entry align="center">580</entry><entry align="center">26</entry><entry align="center">0.182</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Example 2
Example 2.1
0130The precipitated silica 1.1 and 1.3 from Example 1 according to the invention were investigated in an emulsion SBR rubber mixture. The state of the art and reference was the silica Ultrasil VN2 GR from Degussa AG with a CTAB surface of 125m<sup>2</sup>/ g selected.
0131The formulation used for the rubber compounds is given in Table 2.1 below. The unit phr means parts by weight, based on 100 parts of the raw rubber used.<tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.1</b></title><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="13mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>1. step</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>reference</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>A</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>B</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Buna SBR 1712</entry><entry align="center">137.5</entry><entry align="center">137.5</entry><entry align="center">137.5</entry></row><row><entry>Ultrasil VN2 GR</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Silica acc. Example 1.1</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Silica acc. Ex. 1.3</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">50</entry></row><row><entry>X50-S</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>ZnO</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Stearic acid</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">1</entry></row><row><entry>Vulkanox 4020</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry></row><row><entry>Protector G 3108</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="13mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>2nd step</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Batch level 1</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="13mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>3rd step</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Batch level 2</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Vulkacit D / C</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">1.5</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.5</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.5</entry></row><row><entry>Vulkacit CZ / EG</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">1.5</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.5</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.5</entry></row><row><entry>sulfur</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">2.2</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">2.2</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">2.2</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0132The polymer Buna 1712 is an SBR copolymer from Buna DOW Leuna polymerized in emulsion with a styrene content of 23.5% by weight and an oil content of 37.5 phr. X50-S is a 50/50 blend of Si 69 [bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfan] and carbon black available from Degussa AG. Vulkanox 4020 is 6PPD from Bayer AG and Protektor G 3108 is an ozone protection wax from HB-Fuller GmbH. Vulkacit D / C (DPG) and Vulkacit CZ / EG (CBS) are commercial products from Bayer AG.
0133The rubber compounds are manufactured in an internal mixer according to the mixing instructions in Table 2.2. The methods used for rubber testing are summarized in Table 2.3. The mixtures are vulcanized at 160 ° C for 18 minutes. Table 2.4 shows the results of the rubber test.<tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.2</b></title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top"><b>step 1</b></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Settings</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Mixing unit Werner & Pfleiderer 1.5N type</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>rotational speed</entry><entry>45 min<sup>-1</sup></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>friction</entry><entry>1:1.11</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Stamp printing</entry><entry>5.5 bar</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Empty volume</entry><entry>1.61</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Degree of filling</entry><entry>0.73</entry></row><row><entry>Flow temp.</entry><entry>90 ° C</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Mixing process</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>0 up to 1 min</entry><entry>polymer</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>1 up to 2 min</entry><entry>1st stage components</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2nd min</entry><entry>Clean</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2nd up to 3 min</entry><entry>Mix, air</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>3rd up to 4 min</entry><entry>Mix with 70 min<sup>-1</sup>, Ventilation</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>4th up to 5 min</entry><entry>Mix with 75 min<sup>-1</sup>, Extend</entry></row><row><entry>storage</entry><entry>24th h at room temperature</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left" /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center" valign="top"><b>Level 2</b></entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0" valign="top"><b>Settings</b></entry><entry colsep="0" rowsep="0" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Mixing unit as in level 1 except:</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>rotational speed</entry><entry>70 min<sup>-1</sup></entry></row><row><entry>Degree of filling</entry><entry>0.71</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Mixing process</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>0 up to 1 min</entry><entry>Plasticize batch level 1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>1 up to 3 min</entry><entry>Batch temperature 150 ° C</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>Keep speed variation</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>3rd min</entry><entry>Extend</entry></row><row><entry>storage</entry><entry>4th h at room temperature</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top"><b>level 3</b></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Settings</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Mixing unit as in level 1 to</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>rotational speed</entry><entry>40 min<sup>-1</sup></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Flow temp.</entry><entry>50 ° C</entry></row><row><entry>Degree of filling</entry><entry>0.69</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Mixing process</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>0 up to 2 min</entry><entry>Batch level 2, components level 3</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2nd min</entry><entry>extend and form fur on laboratory mixing mill (diameter 200 mm, length 450 mm, flow temperature 50 ° C)</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>Homogenize:</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>Cut 3 * right, 3 * left; 3 * fall with a wide nip (3.5 mm)</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>and 3 * with a narrow roller gap (1 mm): pull out the fur</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 23</b></title><tgroup cols="3" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="61mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="36mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Physical testing</entry><entry>Norm / conditions</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Vulkameter test, 160 ° C</entry><entry>DIN 53529/3, ISO 6502</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry align="center" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left">Torque difference Dmax- Dmin [dNm]</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>t10% and t90% [min]</entry><entry /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Tensile test on the ring, 23 ° C</entry><entry>DIN 53504, ISO 37</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>Voltage values 100% and 500% [Mpa]</entry><entry /></row><row><entry /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left">Gain factor: voltage value 500% / 100% [-]</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>Elongation at break [%]</entry><entry /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Shore A hardness, 23 ° C [-]</entry><entry>DIN 53 505</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Ball rebound [%], 0 ° C and 60 ° C</entry><entry>DIN EN ISO 8307,</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>Steel ball 19 mm, 28 g</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Dispersion coefficient [%]</entry><entry>see text</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0134The dispersion coefficient was determined using the surface topography including correction of the medals (A. Wehmeier, "Filler Dispersion Analysis by Topography Measurements" Technical Report TR 820, Degussa AG, Advanced Fillers and Pigments Division). The dispersion coefficient determined in this way correlates directly with a coefficient of determination of> 0.95 with the light-optically determined dispersion coefficient, as it is e.g. B. is determined by the German Institute for Rubber Technology eV, Hanover / Germany (H. Geisler, "Determination of the Mix Quality", presented at the DIK workshop, November 27-28, 1997, Hanover / Germany).<tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.4</b></title><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="46mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>Raw mix data</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>reference</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>A</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>B</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Dmax-Dmin</entry><entry align="center">11.5</entry><entry align="center">11.8</entry><entry align="center">11.6</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>t10%</entry><entry align="center">4.9</entry><entry align="center">4.6</entry><entry align="center">4.6</entry></row><row><entry>t90%</entry><entry align="center">9.8</entry><entry align="center">9.6</entry><entry align="center">9.5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="46mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>Vulcanizate data</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Voltage value 100%</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Voltage value 500%</entry><entry align="center">9.1</entry><entry align="center">9.9</entry><entry align="center">10.3</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Voltage value 500% / 100%</entry><entry align="center">9.1</entry><entry align="center">9.9</entry><entry align="center">10.3</entry></row><row><entry>Elongation at break</entry><entry align="center">530</entry><entry align="center">500</entry><entry align="center">520</entry></row><row><entry>Shore A hardness</entry><entry align="center">51</entry><entry align="center">51</entry><entry align="center">51</entry></row><row><entry>Ball rebound 0 ° C</entry><entry align="center">22.1</entry><entry align="center">21.2</entry><entry align="center">21.3</entry></row><row><entry>Ball rebound 60 ° C</entry><entry align="center">71.0</entry><entry align="center">70.4</entry><entry align="center">70.3</entry></row><row><entry>Dispersion coefficient</entry><entry align="center">98</entry><entry align="center">99</entry><entry align="center">97</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0135As can be seen from the data in Table 2.4, mixtures A and B with the silicas according to the invention show a faster vulcanization time t90% than the reference mixture. In addition to the faster vulcanization, advantages in particular in a higher voltage value of 500% and the increased gain factor can be seen. The ball rebound at 0 and 60 ° C are comparable, so that no losses in the hysteresis behavior of the mixtures are to be expected. The dispersion of the silicas according to the invention is very good.
Example 2.2
0136The precipitated silica 1.2 from Example 1 according to the invention was investigated in an SSBR / BR rubber mixture. The ultrasil 3370 GR silica from Degussa AG with a CTAB surface of 160 m became the state of the art and reference<sup>2</sup>/ g selected. The mixture used represents a model recipe for a car tread compound.
0137The formulation used for the rubber mixtures is given in Table 2.5 below. The unit phr means parts by weight, based on 100 parts of the raw rubber used.<tables id="tabl0013" num="0013"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.5</b></title><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>1. step</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>reference</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>C.</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Buna VSL 5025-1</entry><entry align="center">96</entry><entry align="center">96</entry></row><row><entry>Buna CB 24</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">30</entry></row><row><entry>Ultrasil 3370 GR</entry><entry align="center">80</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Silica acc. Ex. 1.2</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">80</entry></row><row><entry>X50-S</entry><entry align="center">12.8</entry><entry align="center">12.8</entry></row><row><entry>ZnO</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry></row><row><entry>Stearic acid</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry></row><row><entry>Naftolen ZD</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Vulkanox 4020</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry></row><row><entry>Protector G 3108</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>2nd step</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Batch level 1</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry colsep="0" /><entry colsep="0" align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>3rd step</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Batch level 2</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Vulkacit D / C</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">2.0</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">2.0</entry></row><row><entry>Vulkacit CZ / EG</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">1.5</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">1.5</entry></row><row><entry>Percussion TBZTD</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">0.2</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">0.2</entry></row><row><entry>sulfur</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="10">1.5</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">1.5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0138The polymer VSL 5025-1 is an SBR copolymer from Bayer AG polymerized in solution with a styrene content of 25% by weight and a butadiene content of 75% by weight. The copolymer contains 37.5 phr oil and has a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4/100 ° C) of 50 ± 4. The polymer Buna CB 24 is a cis 1,4-polybutadiene (neodymium type) from Bayer AG with a cis 1,4 content of at least 97% and a Mooney viscosity of 44 ± 5. X50-S is a 50/50 blend of Si 69 [bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfan] and carbon black available from Degussa AG. Naftolen ZD from Chemetall is used as the aromatic oil. Vulkanox 4020 is 6PPD from Bayer AG and Protektor G 3108 is an ozone protection wax from HB-Fuller GmbH. Vulkacit D / C (DPG) and Vulkacit CZ / EG (CBS) are commercial products from Bayer AG. Perkazit TBZTD is available from Akzo Chemie GmbH.
0139The rubber compounds are manufactured in an internal mixer according to the mixing instructions in Table 2.6. In addition to the rubber testing methods shown in Table 2.3, the methods listed in Table 2.7 were used. The mixtures are vulcanized at 165 ° C for 15 minutes. Table 2.8 shows the results of the rubber test.<tables id="tabl0014" num="0014"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.6</b></title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center" valign="top"><b>step 1</b></entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0" valign="top"><b>Settings</b></entry><entry colsep="0" rowsep="0" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Mixing unit Werner & Pfleiderer 1.5N type</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>rotational speed</entry><entry>70 min<sup>-1</sup></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>friction</entry><entry>1:1.11</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Stamp printing</entry><entry>5.5 bar</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Empty volume</entry><entry>1.61</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Degree of filling</entry><entry>0.73</entry></row><row><entry>Flow temp.</entry><entry>70 ° C</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Mixing process</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>0 up to 1 min</entry><entry>Buna VSL 5025-1 + Buna CB 24</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>1 up to 3 min</entry><entry>1/2 filler, X50-S</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>3rd up to 4 min</entry><entry>1/2 filler, remaining ingredients level 1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>4th min</entry><entry>Clean</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>4th up to 5 min</entry><entry>Mix and extend</entry></row><row><entry>storage</entry><entry>24th h at room temperature</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top"><b>Level 2</b></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Settings</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Mixing unit as in level 1 except:</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>rotational speed</entry><entry>80 min<sup>-1</sup></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Flow temp.</entry><entry>80 ° C</entry></row><row><entry>Degree of filling</entry><entry>0.70</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Mixing process</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>0 up to 2 min</entry><entry>Plasticize batch level 1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2nd up to 5 min</entry><entry>Batch temperature 150 ° C</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>Keep speed variation</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>5 min</entry><entry>Extend</entry></row><row><entry>storage</entry><entry>4th h at room temperature</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top"><b>level 3</b></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Settings</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Mixing unit as in level 1 to</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>rotational speed</entry><entry>40 min<sup>-1</sup></entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Flow temp.</entry><entry>50 ° C</entry></row><row><entry>Degree of filling</entry><entry>0.69</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="136mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row rowsep="0"><entry valign="top"><b>Mixing process</b></entry><entry valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>0 up to 2 min</entry><entry>Batch level 2, components level 3</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2nd min</entry><entry>extend and form fur on laboratory mixing mill (diameter 200 mm, length 450 mm, flow temperature 50 ° C)</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>Homogenize:</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>Cut 3 * left, 3 * right</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry>5 * with a narrow roll gap (1 mm) and</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>5 * tumble with a wide nip (3.5 mm) and pull out the fur</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0015" num="0015"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.7</b></title><tgroup cols="3" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="33mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="35mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="36mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Physical testing</entry><entry>Norm / conditions</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Vulkameter test, 165 ° C</entry><entry>DIN 53529/3, ISO 6502</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left">Torque difference Dmax- Dmin [dNm]</entry></row><row><entry /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left">t10% and t90% [min]</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Viscoelastic properties,</entry><entry>DIN 53 513, ISO 2856</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="left">0 and 60 ° C, 16 Hz, 50 N preload and 25 N amplitude force</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="left">Measured value recording after 2 min test time, i.e. 2 min conditioning</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left">Complex module E * [Mpa]</entry></row><row><entry /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left">Loss factor tan δ [-]</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0016" num="0016"><table frame="all"><title><b>Table 2.8</b></title><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="46mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>Raw mix data</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>reference</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>C.</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Dmax-Dmin</entry><entry align="center">18.6</entry><entry align="center">18.5</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>t10%</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry></row><row><entry>t90%</entry><entry align="center">6.3</entry><entry align="center">6.1</entry></row><row><entry><b>Vulcanizate data</b></entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Voltage value 100%</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Voltage value 300%</entry><entry align="center">13.4</entry><entry align="center">14.7</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Voltage value 300% / 100%</entry><entry align="center">4.8</entry><entry align="center">5.3</entry></row><row><entry>Elongation at break</entry><entry align="center">370</entry><entry align="center">330</entry></row><row><entry>Shore A hardness</entry><entry align="center">66</entry><entry align="center">66</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Ball rebound 0 ° C</entry><entry align="center">15.3</entry><entry align="center">15.2</entry></row><row><entry>Ball rebound 60 ° C</entry><entry align="center">61.4</entry><entry align="center">61.6</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>E * (0 ° C)</entry><entry align="center">23.4</entry><entry align="center">31.8</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>E * (60 ° C)</entry><entry align="center">8.8</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>tan δ (0 ° C)</entry><entry align="center">0.360</entry><entry align="center">0.441</entry></row><row><entry>tan δ (60 ° C)</entry><entry align="center">0.129</entry><entry align="center">0.110</entry></row><row><entry>Dispersion coefficient</entry><entry align="center">95</entry><entry align="center">99</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0140As can be seen from the data in Table 2.8, the advantages also found in Example 2.1 in the vulcanization kinetics and an increased reinforcement for the mixture C with the silica according to the invention are confirmed. There are also advantages in the hysteresis behavior of the mixture C. The loss factor tan δ (0 ° C.) is increased, which indicates an improved wet slip behavior and the tan δ (60 ° C.) decreases, which speaks for a reduced rolling resistance. Furthermore, the dispersion quality of the silicas according to the invention is exceptionally high, which achieves advantages in road abrasion.
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Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
|---|---|---|
| EP0754650A | Cites | European Patent Office (EPO) |
| EP0755899A | Cites | European Patent Office (EPO) |
| EP0901986A | Cites | European Patent Office (EPO) |
| EP0983966A | Cites | European Patent Office (EPO) |
| WO03106339A | Cites | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |
23 members in 13 offices
Priority claims5
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10302300 | Germany | – | |
| 10302300 | Germany | A | |
| 10358449 | Germany | – | |
| 10358449 | Germany | A | |
| 2004050005 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W |
Members23
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10358449A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| WO2004065299A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| TW200508151A | Taiwan Province of China | A | |
| KR20050097952A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| EP1585704A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| BRPI0406576A | Brazil | A | |
| PL376402A1 | Poland | A1 | |
| MXPA05007588A | Mexico | A | |
| US2006165581A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| TWI278430B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| JP2008529937A | Japan | A | |
| KR100960519B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| PL210479B1 | Poland | B1 | |
| JP4898422B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| EP1585704B1This record | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PT1585704E | Portugal | E | |
| ES2391272T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| US2013251616A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US8597425B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US9540247B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1585704B2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B2 | |
| FI1585704T4 | Finland | T4 | |
| ES2391272T5 | Spain | T5 |
113 legal events, as 15 offices reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | Office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Ep patent has lapsedLapsedEUG | EUG | SE | |
| Patent expired after termination of 20 yearsExpiredPE20 | PE20 | GB | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Patent expired because of reaching the maximum lifetime of a patentExpiredMK | MK | BE | |
| Announcement of lapse in spainLapsedFD2A | FD2A | ES | |
| Patent expiredExpiredMK4A | MK4A | SK | |
| Patent expired because of reaching the maximum lifetime of a patentExpiredMK | MK | NL | |
| Expiry of rightR071 | R071 | DE | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registeredP01 | P01 | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Patent modifiedDC2A | DC2A | ES | |
| Ep patent has been republished in amended form after opposition at epoOppositionRPEO | RPEO | SE | |
| Translation for ep filed (entry of ep into country)FP | FP | NL | |
| Translation of an amended european patent specificationT5 | T5 | SK | |
| Patent maintained in amended form27A | 27A | EP | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | EP | |
| Epo decision maintaining patent in amended form now finalR102 | R102 | DE | |
| Patent maintained in amended formORIGINAL CODE: 0009272PUAH | PUAH | EP | |
| Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patentGrantedSTATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDEDSTAA | STAA | EP | |
| Change of owner's nameTC4A | TC4A | SK | |
| Change of name(s) of proprietor(s)HC | HC | NL | |
| Change of name, addressHC9C | HC9C | HU | |
| Change of name of the ownersHC | HC | BE | |
| Examination report in opposition despatched + time limitOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE2PLAY | PLAY | EP | |
| Change of applicant/patenteeR081 | R081 | DE | |
| Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)RAP2 | RAP2 | EP | |
| Reply to examination report in opposition receivedOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE3PLBC | PLBC | EP | |
| Examination report in opposition despatched + time limitOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE2PLAY | PLAY | EP | |
| Appeal procedure closedAppealORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9OAPBU | APBU | EP | |
| Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)RAP2 | RAP2 | EP | |
| Fee paymentPLFP | PLFP | FR | |
| Fee paymentPLFP | PLFP | FR | |
| Appeal reference modifiedAppealORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNOAPAH | APAH | EP | |
| Date of receipt of statement of grounds of appeal recordedAppealORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA3OAPBQ | APBQ | EP | |
| Appeal reference modifiedAppealORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNOAPAH | APAH | EP | |
| Appeal reference recordedAppealORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREFNOAPBM | APBM | EP | |
| Date of receipt of notice of appeal recordedAppealORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2OAPBP | APBP | EP | |
| Fee paymentPLFP | PLFP | FR | |
| Reply to examination report in opposition receivedOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE3PLBC | PLBC | EP | |
| Examination report in opposition despatched + time limitOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE2PLAY | PLAY | EP | |
| Reply to examination report in opposition receivedOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE3PLBC | PLBC | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Examination report in opposition despatched + time limitOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNORE2PLAY | PLAY | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapse because of not paying annual feesLapsedMM01 | MM01 | AT | |
| Patent ceasedCeasedPL | PL | CH | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Patent lapsedLapsedMM4A | MM4A | IE | |
| Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition receivedOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3PLBB | PLBB | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Opposition filed against patentOppositionR026 | R026 | DE | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Filing of the translation of the text of european patentsAG4A | AG4A | HU | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Opposition filedOpposition26 | 26 | EP | |
| Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sentOppositionORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2PLAX | PLAX | EP | |
| Opposition filedOppositionORIGINAL CODE: 0009260PLBI | PLBI | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]GrantedPGFP | PGFP | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Translation of european patent specification into slovakT3 | T3 | SK | |
| Definitive protectionFG2A | FG2A | ES | |
| Translation filed for an european patent granted for nl, confirming art. 52 par. 1 or 6 of the patents act 1995GrantedT3 | T3 | NL | |
| Translation of granted ep patentGrantedTRGR | TRGR | SE | |
| Dpma publication of mentioned ep patent grantGrantedR096 | R096 | DE | |
| Translation is availableAVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATIONSC4A | SC4A | PT | |
| Ep patent valid in romaniaEPE | EPE | RO | |
| European patents granted designating irelandGrantedLANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMANFG4D | FG4D | IE | |
| European patent takes effect as a national patent in ch/liEP | EP | CH | |
| Reference to at number (ep patent validated in austria)REF | REF | AT | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | EP | |
| European patent grantedGrantedNOT ENGLISHFG4D | FG4D | GB | |
| (expected) grantORIGINAL CODE: 0009210GRAA | GRAA | EP | |
| Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patentGrantedSTATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTEDSTAA | STAA | EP | |
| Grant fee paidORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3GRAS | GRAS | EP | |
| Information provided on ipc code assigned before grantRIC1 | RIC1 | EP |
Numbers
- Publication
- 1585704
- Application
- 47007018
Titles3
- German
- HÖCHSTDISPERGIERBARE SILICAS FÜR GUMMIANWENDUNGEN
- English
- HIGHLY DISPERSIBLE SILICA FOR USING IN RUBBER
- French
- SILICES HAUTEMENT DISPERSIBLES DESTINEES ETRE UTILISEES DANS DES CAOUTCHOUCS
Classification
- CPC, 11
- B82Y30/00
- C01B33/193
- C01B33/12
- C01P2004/64
- C01P2006/12
- C01P2006/19
- C01P2006/82
- C01P2006/90
- C08K3/36
- C01B33/143
- C07F7/0832
- IPC, 3
- B82Y30 00
- C01B33 193
- C08K3 36
Designated states27
- Contracting states, 27
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Portugal
- Romania
- Sweden
and 3 moreShow fewer
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Türkiye
