Vesiculated polymer particles
Abstract
Vesiculated polymer particles and a method of manufacture thereof, are suitable for the beneficial replacement of titanium dioxide pigments and extenders amongst others, and have improved opacity, whiteness, scrub resistance and water resistance due. The manufacturing process exhibits effective control of particle size and particle size distribution.
Term
Term ended
Expired 23 September 2023, 3 years ago.
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10 claims: 3 independent, 7 dependent
- 1Vesiculated polyester polymer particles characterised in that they include particulate solids and have associated with the surfaces thereof, long chain aliphatic chemical groups and/or sterically hindered, branched chained chemical groups, which are hydrophobic in nature and which are derived from Glycidyl methacrylate;Octadecene;Lauryl methacrylate;Cyclohexene;Acrylated castor oil;Acrylated ricinoleic acid;Methacrylated ricinoleic acid;Hydroxy-ethyl acrylate;Soya Bean Oil;Unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. Oleic acid, tallow fatty acid;Unsaturated fatty alcohols, e.g. Oleyl alcohol, pentadeca-12-ene-1-ol.;Oleamide;Triglycerides, e.g. tall oil, ting oil;Ethylenic unsaturated urethanes;Acrylic unsaturated urethanes;Air drying short oil alkyds;Alkyl and Aryl Esters of maleic anhydride, singly or in combination.
- 8A method of manufacture of vesiculated particles according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that it includes the steps of:- pre-dispersing pigment particles in a polyester;- dissolving the pre-dispersed pigment-polyester in a suitable mixture of diluent monomer and hydrophobic co-nonomer in the presence of a water-soluble base;- forming a stable emulsion of droplets of solution of the pre-dispersed pigment-polyester and monomer (oil phase) in water;- and polymerising the polyester and co-polymerisable monomer thereby producing granules of opaque, cross-linked vesiculated particles as a dispersion in water, the particles including hydrophobic groups associated with their surfaces.
- 9A method of manufacture of vesiculated particles according to any one of claims 3 to 7 characterised in that it includes the steps of :- pre-dispersing pigment particles in a polyester;- dissolving the pre-dispersed pigment-polyester in a suitable monomer in the presence of a water-soluble base;- forming a stable emulsion of droplets of solution of the pre-dispersed pigment-polyester and monomer (oil phase) in water;- adding a hydrophobic monomer and polymerising the polyester and co-polymerisable monomer thereby producing granules of opaque, cross-linked vesiculated particles as a dispersion in water, the particles including hydrophobic groups associated with their surfaces.
Independent claims5
86 paragraphs, as filed
<i>TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION</i>
0001This invention relates to vesiculated polymer particles and a method of manufacture thereof, with particular relevance to their use in coating compositions.
<i>BACKGROUND ART</i>
0002The morphology of cross-linked multi-vesiculated polyester particles described in prior art consist of largely spherical hollow particles with multiple air voids in the dry state. These particles re-absorb water in paints and coatings, are difficult to manufacture and their particle size control is limited to processing variables such as temperature, speed of agitation and process time.
0003Prior art patent <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="WO8101711A"><text>WO 81/01711</text></patcit> for the production of vesiculated beads. In this process, a first emulsion (EMI) is formed in which an aqueous phase having pigment dispersed therein is emulsified in a mixture of an unsaturated polyester and a co-polymerisable monomer as a solution of the polyester in the monomer. This is a water-in-oil-emulsion. EMI is then emulsified at high shear into an aqueous phase to form a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion having the oil phase as globules of polyester/monomer each containing a number of vesicles of the initial aqueous phase. A polymerising initiator is added to initiate cross-linking of the polyester under curing conditions to form the desired vesiculated beads.
0004<patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US5972809A"><text>US 5,972,809</text></patcit> relates to waterborne coating compositions. The document discloses a composition which includes a polymeric film-forming resin. This includes a dispersion of polymeric microparticles prepared by forming, in aqueous medium, a mixture of: (a) an unsaturated, substantially hydrophobic polyester component, and (b) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer component. The polymerization/cross-linking of the polyester with the unsaturated monomers occurs in the presence of styrene.
0005It is an object of this invention to provide cross-linked polyester particles whose morphology is largely spherical with multiple air voids that hinder the re-entry and reabsorption of water when the cross-linked particles are dry.
0006It is a further object of the invention to provide a conversion process of the raw materials composition which permits cross-linked particle size and distribution control through process variables such as temperature, rate of agitation and processing time as well through the concentration of modifying co-monomer in the raw material composition and the optimization of the process stage for adding this co-monomer to the said composition.
0007It is yet a further object of this invention to provide a vesiculated polymer particle which may be used in paint and coatings formulations for the beneficial replacement of titanium dioxide pigments, expensive extenders, emulsion polymers, open time modifiers such as glycols and humectants with simultaneous achievement of improved opacity, whiteness, scrub resistance, water resistance and special faux finish effects.
<i>DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION</i>
0008According to the invention, vesiculated polyester polymer particles as defined in the appended claims are provided.
0009In this description, the term associated may refer to groups included in the polymer particles or applied to the surface or portions of the surface thereof.
0010According to a second aspect of the invention, a raw material composition for manufacture of vesiculated polyester particles of the invention is provided. This includes a carboxylic acid functional, free-radieal polymerizable polyester resin, a co-reactive diluent monomer into which the polyester resin is dispersed and a modifying co-monomer, the modifying co-monomer being selected from one or more of : Glycidyl methacrylate; Octadecene; Laurel methacrylate; Ethylene glycol di methacrylate (EGDMA); Cyclohexene; Acrylated castor oil; Acrylated ricinoleic acid; Methacrylated ricinoleic acid; Hydroxy-ethyl acrylate; Soya Bean Oil; Unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. Oleic acid, tallow fatty acid; Unsaturated fatty alcohols, e.g. Oleyl alcohol, pentadeca-12-ene-1-ol.; Oleamide; Triglycerides, e.g. tall oil, ting oil; Ethylenic unsaturated urethanes; Acrylic unsaturated urethanes; Air drying short oil alkyds; Alkyl and Aryl Esters of maleic anhydride, singly or in combination.
0011The modifying co-monomer may comprise between 3 and 20% by mass of the added or reactive diluent monomer, and preferably comprises between 5 and 9% by mass of the added diluent monomer. This excludes the diluent monomer present in the polyester resin.
0012Suitable diluent co-monomers comprise ethylenic, acrylic and methacrylic functional monomers for example styrene, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and preferably styrene.
0013In one form, the polyester resin composition comprises: <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" /><tbody><row><entry>Propylene glycol</entry><entry>30,35%</entry></row><row><entry>Phthalic anhydride</entry><entry>12.96%</entry></row><row><entry>Maleic anhydride</entry><entry>25.75%</entry></row><row><entry>Styrene</entry><entry>30.75%</entry></row><row><entry>Inhibitor (10% solution)</entry><entry>0.18%</entry></row><row><entry align="right">TOTAL</entry><entry>100,00</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0014According to a third aspect of the invention, a method of manufacture of the vesiculated particles includes the steps of <ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>pre-dispersing pigment particles in a polyester;</li><li>dissolving the pre-dispersed pigment-polyester in a suitable monomer in the presence of a water-soluble base;</li><li>forming a stable emulsion of droplets of solution of the pre-dispersed pigment-polyester and monomer (oil phase) in water;</li><li>adding a hydrophobic monomer and polymerising the polyester and co-polymerisable monomer thereby producing granules of opaque, cross-linked vesiculated particles as a dispersion in water, the particles including hydrophobic groups associated with their surfaces.</li></ul>
0015In one form, the base may comprise a polyamine, for example diethylenetriamine.
0016Particles of various sizes may be manufactured using different mixers with different mixing intensity when emulsifying the polyester in water. In one form of the invention, suitably designed equipment controlling pressure, temperature, and residence time, for example homogenisers, may be used. Chemical control of particle size and particle size distribution is also effected by the introduction of long chain aliphats or sterically hindered, branched, chained co-monomers.
0017As most of these monomers or macro-monomers when incorporated into vesiculated polymer particles coarsen the average particle size, it was found preferable to add it at a later stage during emulsification of the organic phase in the water phase. This minimsed the effect on particle size. The coarser particle size versions can however be used to impart special effects in paint e.g. texture.
0018The modified vesiculated polymer particles when incorporated into paint systems had the effect of improving water resistance, abrasion resistance, whiteness and opacity.
<i>EXAMPLES</i>
0019The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not presented as limitations on the scope of the invention.
<u>Example 1</u>
0020The following vesiculated polymer particles were synthesized as per prior art. <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="58mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top"><b>Parts by Weight</b></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top"><b><u>Stage 1</u></b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Polyester</entry><entry>14,99</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Titanium Dioxide</entry><entry>0,86</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Styrene</entry><entry>6,54</entry></row><row><entry>Diethylene Triamine</entry><entry>0,21</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="58mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top"><b><u>Stage 2</u></b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Polyvinyl alcohol solution (10%)</entry><entry>13,28</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Hydroxy Ethyl cellulose solution (2.5%)</entry><entry>10,45</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Water</entry><entry>52,92</entry></row><row><entry>Diethylene Triamene</entry><entry>0,06</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="58mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top"><b><u>Stage 3</u></b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Water</entry><entry>0,21</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Ferrous Sulphate</entry><entry>0,01</entry></row><row><entry>Cumene Hydroperoxide</entry><entry>0,12</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="58mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top"><b><u>Stage 4</u></b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Bacteriacide</entry><entry>0,35</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>100,00</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>Procedure</u>
0021<ol id="ol0001" compact="compact"><li>1. The Titanium Dioxide is dispersed in the polyester at high speed in a high shear mixture.</li><li>2. Styrene and Diethylene Triamine is added to 1) above at low speed.</li><li>3. Stage 2 is prepared in a separate vessel at low speed.</li><li>4. Stage 1 (organic phase) is added to Stage 2 at high speed on a high shear mixture and stirred until the desired particle size of the organic phase is obtained.</li><li>5. Stage 3 is then added at low shear by firstly pre-mixing the Ferrous Sulphate and water and then added. This is followed by adding the Cumene Hydroperoxide.</li><li>6. The stirrer is stopped and the product is left undisturbed to cure overnight.</li><li>7. The vesiculated particles are then stirred until homogenous and a suitable bacteriacide is added.</li></ol>
0022A fluid white dispersion of cross-linked polymer particles is obtained in water which on drying forms non-film forming particles with multiple air voids present.
0023Average particle size will vary depending on the stirring intensity used when adding Stage 1 to Stage 2.
<u>Example 2</u>
0024As per Example 1 but 0,1% of the Styrene was replaced with Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 3</u>
0025As per Example 1 but 3% of the Styrene was replaced with Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 4</u>
0026As per Example 1 but 5% of the Styrene was replaced with Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 5</u>
0027As per Example 1 but 7% of the Styrene was replaced with Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 6</u>
0028As per Example 1 but 9% of the Styrene was replaced with Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 7</u>
0029As per Example 1 but 20% of the Styrene was replaced with Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 8</u>
0030The vesiculated particles produced in the above examples 1 to 7 were measured for the following properties: <ol id="ol0002" compact="compact"><li>1. Total solids content using a Mettler HR73 halogen moisture analyzer.</li><li>2. Viscosity using a Brookfield LVT viscometer.</li><li>3. pH using a Metrohm 744 pH meter.</li><li>4. Specific gravity using a Sheen 100cc "weight per gallon" cup.</li><li>5. Opacity using Leneta form 2A opacity charts and Sheen micropac reflectometer.</li><li>6. Whiteness using BYK-Gardner color-view spectrophotometer.</li><li>7. Average particle size using a scanning electron microscope (Topcon & Scion image analysis software).</li></ol>
0031Results as follows: <tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="35mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="left" valign="top"><b>Vesiculated Particles Manufactured on Variable Shear Cowles Mixer</b></entry></row><row><entry valign="top"><b>LMA</b><b>%</b></entry><entry valign="top">Solids, %</entry><entry valign="top">Viscosity, cps</entry><entry valign="top">pH</entry><entry valign="top">S.G.</entry><entry valign="top">Opacity</entry><entry valign="top">Whiteness</entry><entry valign="top">Average Particle Size, microns</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><b>0</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.50</entry><entry>800</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.78</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.043</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.93</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">94.0</entry><entry>5.6</entry></row><row><entry><b>0.1</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.80</entry><entry>610</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.66</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.044</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.96</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">96.7</entry><entry>6.1</entry></row><row><entry><b>3</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.90</entry><entry>1200</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.50</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.044</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.96</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">96.1</entry><entry>6.9</entry></row><row><entry><b>5</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.63</entry><entry>1250</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.55</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.046</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.95</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">96.4</entry><entry>7.5</entry></row><row><entry><b>7</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.7</entry><entry>3720</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.74</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.042</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.96</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">97.0</entry><entry>8.3</entry></row><row><entry><b>9</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.46</entry><entry>3900</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.75</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.044</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.95</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">95.4</entry><entry>16.0</entry></row><row><entry><b>20</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.67</entry><entry>14800</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.73</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.033</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.88</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">94.5</entry><entry>36.5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0032The improvement in opacity and whiteness is clearly illustrated as well as the effect of increase particle size.
<u>Example 9</u>
0033The vesiculated polymer particles from Example 1 to 7 were formulated into the following mixture to produce water based emulsion paint: <tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="top"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="57mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="34mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry colsep="1" valign="top">RAW MATERIAL</entry><entry valign="top">PARTS BY WEIGHT</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry /><entry /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Vesiculated Particles</entry><entry align="right">77.5</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Styrene Acrylic Emulsion Polymer</entry><entry align="right">9.7</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Coalescent</entry><entry align="right">1.1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Ammonia (Diluted 1:1 with water)</entry><entry align="right">1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Titanium Dioxide Aqueous Dispersion</entry><entry align="right">9.7</entry></row><row><entry>Thickener</entry><entry align="right">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0034The paints obtained by using the vesieulated particles from Examples 107 in this Example were tested for wet scrub (abrasion) resistance and the following results recorded: <tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="75mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="21mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry align="center">1.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 1 =</entry><entry>20 cycles</entry></row><row><entry align="center">2.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 2 =</entry><entry>120 cycles</entry></row><row><entry align="center">3.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 3 =</entry><entry>500 cycles</entry></row><row><entry align="center">4.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 4 =</entry><entry>1100 cycles</entry></row><row><entry align="center">5.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 5 =</entry><entry>1500 cycles</entry></row><row><entry align="center">6.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 6 =</entry><entry>900 cycles</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry align="center">7.</entry><entry align="center">Paint using Vesiculated Particles from Example 7 =</entry><entry>600 cycles</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0035The higher wet scrub cycles indicate better scrub and abrasion resistance in the final paint The results confirm the improvements in water and scrub resistance obtained by using the compositions of this invention in paints and coatings.
<u>Example 10</u>
0036Repeat of Example 4 but using Octadecene instead of Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 11</u>
0037Repeat of Example 4 but using Acrylated Methyl Ricinoleate instead of Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 12</u>
0038Repeat of Example 4 but using Methacrylated Ricinoleate instead of Lauryl Methacrylate. Stirring conditions as per Example 1.
<u>Example 13</u>
0039The vesiculated polymer particles from Examples 10, 11 and 12 were measured for properties as above in Example 8.
0040Results as follows: <tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="35mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="left" valign="top"><b>Vesiculated Particles Manufactured on Variable Shear Cowles Mixer</b></entry></row><row><entry valign="top"><b>Example</b></entry><entry valign="top">Solids, %</entry><entry valign="top">Viscosity, cps</entry><entry valign="top">pH</entry><entry valign="top">S.G.</entry><entry valign="top">Opacity</entry><entry valign="top">Whiteness</entry><entry valign="top">Average Particle Size, microns</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><b>10</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.39</entry><entry>10000</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.56</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.045</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.95</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">95.0</entry><entry>17</entry></row><row><entry><b>11</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.48</entry><entry>1800</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.72</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.043</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.96</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">95.4</entry><entry>9</entry></row><row><entry><b>12</b></entry><entry align="char" char=".">23.50</entry><entry>1900</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="16">6.47</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="14">1.045</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="12">0.96</entry><entry align="char" char="." charoff="18">95.2</entry><entry>9</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>Example 14</u>
0041The vesiculated polymer particles from Example 10, 11 and 12 were formulated into water-based paint as per Example 9 and tested for wet scrub (abrasion) resistance. <tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="72mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="26mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry>1.</entry><entry>Paint using vesiculated particles from Example 1</entry><entry>= 20 cycles.</entry></row><row><entry>2.</entry><entry>Paint using vesiculated particles from Example 10</entry><entry>= 500 cycles.</entry></row><row><entry>3.</entry><entry>Paint using vesiculated particles from Example 11</entry><entry>= 1000 cycles.</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry>4.</entry><entry>Paint using vesiculated particles from Example 12</entry><entry>= 1200 cycles.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0042The results confirm the improvements in water and scrub resistance obtained by using the compositions of this invention in paints and coatings.
<u>Example 15</u>
0043The water resistance and whiteness of paint containing: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none"><li>Vesiculated particles synthesized using prior art technology (Example 1).</li><li>Vesiculated particles synthesized using the present patent technology (Example 4). were compared. The paint is of medium quality and suitable for both interior and exterior use.</li></ul>
0044The following are the results obtained. <tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="45mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22mm" /><thead><row><entry rowsep="1" valign="top"><b>Paint</b><b>Vesiculated Particles from</b></entry><entry rowsep="1" valign="top">A (Example 1)</entry><entry rowsep="1" valign="top">B (Example 4)</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Water resistance</entry><entry /><entry /></row><row><entry>• Water droplet method (1)</entry><entry>5 min</entry><entry>10 min.</entry></row><row><entry>• Wet abrasion resistance (2)</entry><entry>1280 cycles</entry><entry>2198 cycles</entry></row><row><entry>Colour D10° (against Std)<sup>(3)</sup></entry><entry /><entry /></row><row><entry>L</entry><entry>- 0.28 D</entry><entry>- 0,51 D</entry></row><row><entry>A</entry><entry>- 0.06 G</entry><entry>- 0.10G</entry></row><row><entry>B</entry><entry>1.09 Y</entry><entry>0.43 Y</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry>DE CMC</entry><entry>1.41</entry><entry>0.63</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(1) Water resistance by this method is done by subjecting a paint film which has been dried at ambient temperature for 24 hours to water droplets on the surface of the paint. The time taken for blistering or softening of the paint in contact with the water droplet is recorded. The longer the time the better the water resistance. The test is stopped after 10 minutes.</li><li>(2) Wet abrasion resistance is done by the attached method. The higher the number of cycles, the better the wet abrasion resistance.</li><li>(3) Colour is measured on a colour computer and compared to the paint containing vesiculated particles from example 1. The L value if positive indicates lightness difference and if negative the darkness difference. Paint B is slightly darker than Paint A. The A value if positive indicates redness difference and if negative, the greenness difference. Paint B is very slightly greener than Paint A. The B value if positive indicates the yellowness difference and if negative, the blueness difference. Paint B is less yellow than Paint A and thus whiter. The DE CMC is the overall difference in colour. Paint B has less overall colour change than Paint A.</li></ul>
<u>Example 16</u>
0045Vesiculated particles (<i>i.e.</i> Example 1 and Example 4) were formulated into the following waterbased paints: <ul id="ul0004" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>Medium quality interior/exterior paint.</li><li>High quality interior matt paint</li><li>Effects paint</li></ul>
0046The properties of the paints were evaluated.
0047Listed below are the paint formulations and the test results:
<u>Example 17</u>
0048Vesiculated particles were synthesized as per Example 1 and Example 4.
0049The vesiculated particles were applied to a black and white opacity chart by means of a 200mm drawdown bar.
0050The opacity (<i>i.e.</i> obliterating power) was measured over the black and over the white portions of the opacity chart by means of a reflectometer. The resultant reflectance measurement over the white is divided into the reflectance measurement over the black. Results as follows: <tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="20mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top"><b>Example 1</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>Example 4</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Opacity</entry><entry>0,93</entry><entry>0,95</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0051The higher the figure the greater the obliterating power of the vesiculated bead.
<u>High Quality Matt Interior/Exterior Paint</u>
0052<tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="58mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Paint A</entry><entry valign="top">Paint B</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Water</entry><entry>28.11</entry><entry>28.11</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Dispersant</entry><entry>0.24</entry><entry>0.24</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Titanium Dioxide</entry><entry>7.90</entry><entry>7.90</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Calcium Carbonate (2 micron)</entry><entry>21.82</entry><entry>21.82</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Calcium Carbonate (5 micron)</entry><entry>8.11</entry><entry>8.11</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Propylene Glycol</entry><entry>1.02</entry><entry>1.02</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Anionic Surfactant</entry><entry>0.09</entry><entry>0.09</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Defoamer</entry><entry>0.31</entry><entry>0.31</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose</entry><entry>0.33</entry><entry>0.33</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Ammonia</entry><entry>0.11</entry><entry>0.11</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Styrene/Acrylic Emulsion (50% solids)</entry><entry>17.20</entry><entry>17.20</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Coalescent</entry><entry>1.66</entry><entry>1.66</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Bacteriacide</entry><entry>0.21</entry><entry>0.21</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Vesiculated Particles (Example 1)</entry><entry>12.91</entry><entry>-</entry></row><row><entry>Vesiculated Particles (Example 2)</entry><entry>-</entry><entry>12.91</entry></row><row><entry><b>TOTAL</b></entry><entry>.100.0</entry><entry>100.0</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>RESULTS</u>
0053<tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Paint A</entry><entry valign="top">Paint B</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Water resistance</entry><entry /><entry /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>• Water droplet method</entry><entry>8</entry><entry>10</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>• Wet abrasion resistance</entry><entry>>10,000</entry><entry>>10,000</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Opacity</entry><entry>0.88</entry><entry>0.92</entry></row><row><entry>Whiteness<sup>(1)</sup></entry><entry>79.57</entry><entry>81.06</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="41mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="justify"><b><u>Note</u>:</b> Paint B is more water resistant, higher opacity and whiter than Paint A. (1) Whiteness is measured on a colour computer. The higher the figure the whiter the paint.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>High Quality Matt Interior Paint</u>
0054<tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="58mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Paint A</entry><entry valign="top">Paint B</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>1. Titanium Dioxide dispersion</entry><entry>21.32</entry><entry>21.32</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2. Talc dispersion</entry><entry>19.07</entry><entry>19.07</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>3. Thickener</entry><entry>0.29</entry><entry>0.29</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>4. Water</entry><entry>2.02</entry><entry>2.02</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>5. Ammonia</entry><entry>0.24</entry><entry>0.24</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>6. Propylene Glycol</entry><entry>0.77</entry><entry>0.77</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>7. Coalescent</entry><entry>1.345</entry><entry>1.345</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>8. Defoamer</entry><entry>0.25</entry><entry>0.25</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>9. Dispersant</entry><entry>0.19</entry><entry>0.19</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>10. Bacteriacide</entry><entry>0.10</entry><entry>0.10</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>11. Pure acrylic Emulsion (48% solids)</entry><entry>39.55</entry><entry>39.55</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>12. Thickener (for low shear)</entry><entry>0.15</entry><entry>0.15</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>13. Thickener (for high shear)</entry><entry>0.29</entry><entry>0.29</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>14. Water</entry><entry>2.95</entry><entry>2.95</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>15. Vesiculated particles<sup>(1)</sup></entry><entry>11.51</entry><entry>-</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>16. Vesiculated particles<sup>(2)</sup></entry><entry>-</entry><entry>11.51</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry /></row><row><entry><b>TOTAL</b></entry><entry>100.0</entry><entry>100.0</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>RESULTS</u>
0055<tables id="tabl0013" num="0013"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="40mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Paint A</entry><entry valign="top">Paint B</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Water resistance</entry><entry /><entry /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>• Water droplet method</entry><entry>8</entry><entry>10</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>• Wet abrasion resistance</entry><entry>>10,000</entry><entry>>10,000</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Opacity</entry><entry>92.8</entry><entry>95.1</entry></row><row><entry>Whiteness</entry><entry>78.23</entry><entry>82.14</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="40mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="justify"><b><u>Note</u>:</b> Paint B is more water resistant, higher opacity and whiter than Paint A. (1) Vesiculated particles were manufactured to the particle size as per Example 1 and at 25 micron average particle size by adjusting the rate of agitation (2) Vesiculated particles were manufactured to the particle size as per Example 4 and at 25 micron average particle size</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>Effects Paint</u>
0056<tables id="tabl0014" num="0014"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="56mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="16mm" colsep="0" /><thead><row><entry morerows="1" valign="top" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top"><b>Parts by Weight</b></entry></row><row><entry valign="top">Paint A</entry><entry valign="top">Paint B</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>1.Water</entry><entry>6.07</entry><entry>6.07</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>2. Propylene Glycol</entry><entry>1.79</entry><entry>1.79</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>3. Dispersant</entry><entry>0.11</entry><entry>0.11</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>4. Surfactant</entry><entry>0.18</entry><entry>0.18</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>5. Defoamer</entry><entry>0.09</entry><entry>0.09</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>6. Bacteriacide</entry><entry>0.05</entry><entry>0.05</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>7. Ammonia</entry><entry>0.10</entry><entry>0.10</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>8. Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose</entry><entry>0.05</entry><entry>0.05</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>9. Pure Acrylic Emulsion (48% solids)</entry><entry>47.04</entry><entry>47.04</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>10. Coalescent</entry><entry>2.09</entry><entry>2.09</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>11. Vesiculated particles<sup>(1)</sup></entry><entry>39.16</entry><entry>-</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>12. Vesiculated particles<sup>(2)</sup></entry><entry>-</entry><entry>39.16</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>13. Thickener</entry><entry>1.23</entry><entry>1.23</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>14. Water</entry><entry>0.82</entry><entry>0.82</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry rowsep="1">15. Colour tinter(s)</entry><entry rowsep="1">1.22</entry><entry rowsep="1">1.22</entry></row><row><entry><b>TOTAL</b></entry><entry><b>100.0</b></entry><entry><b>100.0</b></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="56mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="16mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="justify">(1) Vesiculated particles were manufactured to the particle size as per Example 1 and at 25 micron average particle size by adjusting the rate of agitation (2) Vesiculated particles were manufactured to the particle size as per Example 4 and at 25 micron average particle size</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<u>RESULTS</u>
0057<tables id="tabl0015" num="0015"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top"><b>Paint A</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>Paint B</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Suede Effect<sup>(3)</sup></entry><entry>No</entry><entry>Yes</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="justify">(3) The Suede Effect is an effect imparted to a paint to give a colour texture effect.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
0058Paint B has superior Suede Effect than Paint A as vesiculated bead is more prominent on the surface due to low water absorption.
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
|---|---|---|
| EP0307139A | Cites | European Patent Office (EPO) |
| EP0622402A | Cites | European Patent Office (EPO) |
| WO8101711A | Cites | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |
| US5972809A | Cites | United States of America |
31 members in 22 offices
Priority claims3
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 200207813 | South Africa | – | |
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| 0300140 | South Africa | W |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 1558657
- Application
- 37498011
Titles3
- German
- VESIKULIERTE POLYMERTEILCHEN
- English
- VESICULATED POLYMER PARTICLES
- French
- PARTICULES POLYMERES SOUS FORME DE VESICULES
Classification
- CPC, 2
- C08F283/01
- C08F292/00
- IPC, 2
- C08F292 00
- C08F283 01
Designated states27
- Contracting states, 27
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Portugal
- Romania
- Sweden
and 3 moreShow fewer
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Türkiye