Air condtioning system for a room

Technical field

The present invention relates to a room air conditioning device with a Ventilation and a space heating or space cooling, the Ventilation a supply air fan and at least one heat exchanger for comprises release of heat and / or cold to the supply air, and wherein the Space heating or space cooling by at least one heating or Heatsink, wall, ceiling and / or floor heating or cooling is realized, wherein, furthermore, a central heating and / or cooling system is provided that heats a heat transfer medium central and / or cools, wherein the heat exchanger of the ventilation and space heating or Room cooling in series to the central heating and / or cooling system are connected, wherein the first heat transfer medium the heat exchanger flows through.

State of the art

Launched in Germany in February 2002 Energy Saving Ordinance (EV 2002) calls for a new building to be erected substantially higher Insulation standards and an airtight building-enclosing surface, said to be designed so that the for the purpose Health required minimum air exchange is ensured. This Minimum air exchange can through the window ventilation in the winter during Absence of the user or not energy efficient in sleep phases be effected. But even at high, summer outdoor temperatures is the window ventilation as well as in winter unsuitable. By uncontrolled air exchange and the lack of recovery the window ventilation results in increased energy consumption and thus does not meet the requirements of the Energy Conservation Act in Germany.

If the minimum air exchange is not prepared to Mold growth and a health impairment for People emerge. These serious drawbacks of Window ventilation in turn calls for an air conditioning Investment. It provides the necessary hygienic minimum air exchange reliable ago and prevents the risk of mold growth. In addition, there is the possibility of heat recovery. Thus, the Ventilation heat losses to a fraction of its original value be reduced.

However, the Energy Conservation Act has not only an impact on the Minimum air exchange, but by the improved Thermal insulation measures on the heating demand. This has reduced by the low-energy construction by about 50% and is in the next 10 years by the passive energy building again halve.

To achieve this goal, it is increasingly lightweight construction with little Thermal mass and large, south-facing windows applied. This is in the summer, an increased cooling demand, particular needs in the fresh air for the minimum air exchange Indoor temperatures are cooled. The new Energy Conservation Act in Germany effected in Europe so altered design that for air conditioning a new, supporting this bill circumstances ventilation, heating and Cooling Technology with the following focus is required:<ul><li>Ensuring hygienically necessary air exchange,</li><li>Users just cover the low heating demand,</li><li>Space cooling in summer.</li></ul>

Prior art to solve these needs are all air systems, all via a master unit and a supply and exhaust piping system Rooms with preheated or cooled air supply. The disadvantage these systems are costly installations of supply and Exhaust system, the low uptake of the supply and return air grille in Living area, the pollution of the air passages that only with increased Expenses can be cleaned inside and thereby a reduced fresh air quality lead.

Another serious disadvantage of this air systems is that the Cover of the heating or cooling demand a much higher Air transport through the living and working spaces created than from would require hygienic reasons. It frequently occurs also characterized to drafts, noise and particulate pollution.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, are central Residential ventilation systems offered only the minimum air exchange cause. In these systems, however, is an additional Heating / cooling system is required, thereby reducing the cost substantially increase. In addition, this system has the disadvantage the costly piping of the supply and return air ducts and the Pollution issues.

Prior art are further fan coils installed locally in the Living and working spaces and defined by a fresh-air duct the outer wall are equipped. This allows an additional air inlet be omitted, it is possible for an exhaust system central heat recovery. These systems also have the disadvantage that in order to cover the heating or cooling demand, a substantially increased Air flow is required, the unpleasant noise and Drafts leads. Also, the Wärmkomfort is when using Fan coil is not satisfactory, because it is doing a exclusive convection heating / cooling is.

Such fan coils are described in DE 10128379 A. Here is housed in the outer wall of a building ventilation. The Fresh air is heated or cooled by a heat exchanger.

A room air conditioning device of the initially mentioned type is known from <b>DE 3433452 A</b> known. There are a heat exchanger and a heating element shown, which are connected in series. The radiant heating system consists of a panel radiators for space heating, to which an air distribution is mounted with heat exchanger for the partial air preheating. Of the Plate heating is not suitable for space cooling. The room air is via air ducts from the central ventilation system in the air distribution passed. Thus all the disadvantages described above occur central Ventilation on here.

The problem is the control. The heat exchanger and the Space heating system are connected in series and will go through a Thermostatic valve regulated. If the room in winter warm enough , then closes the thermostatic valve, and flows in the cold air Room. Of course this is extremely unpleasant.

Disclosure of the Invention

Technical Problem

The aim of the invention described below it, by a new Room air system meets the requirements of the Energy Conservation Act in Germany, as well as the requirements, for example the to fulfill the Lower Austrian housing subsidies, the to reduce cost and a healthy indoor climate with highest possible comfort to create.

Technical solution

This object is achieved by a device of the indoor climate mentioned type according to the invention attained in that parallel to Space heating or space cooling is a short-circuit line for the Heat carrier is provided, on its diversion, a three-way valve is arranged, and that the three-way valve and thus the flow of the Heat carrier through the space heating or space cooling function is controlled by the room temperature.

An essential feature of the invention is that the heating or cooling demand, controlled by a room thermostat, on the heat exchanger downstream heating occurs. The heat exchanger is always on maintained the same temperature (depending on the flow temperature, takes place independently of the position of the three-way valve), and the ventilation regardless of the heating and / or cooling demand. In the simplest case is for the Ventilation a three-position switch provided. So you can with the commented lowest possible air exchange and very little convection, thus affecting the energy demand has a positive effect and comfort promotes. On the other hand takes place the space heating and cooling as required for example by a beneficial surface system large heat radiation component, regardless of the ventilation. Thus can also inside the home different temperature zones be adjusted.

It is particularly favorable that from because of the series connection Heat exchangers and space heating, the temperature of the heat exchanger in the case of heating above the temperature of room heating and in the case cooling below the temperature of the room cooling is. Thereby, the Space heating or space cooling optimally supported by the ventilation. The heater must only cover the heat loss (cold losses) but do not heat or cool the fresh air. In the case of cooling takes the entire condensation place in the region of the heat exchanger, on the room cooling (which is indeed warmer than the heat exchanger) occurs no more condensation. Finally, it is also low, that the supply air is always heated or cooled, even if the Space heating (due to a sufficiently high temperature) or the Room cooling is turned off (because of a sufficiently low temperature). It can therefore never be a mode where the outside air is blown untempered.

Preferably, the air flow of the ventilation is a function of an in Space arranged air quality sensors, such as a carbon dioxide sensor, controlled to a minimum, hygienically required air change to to accomplish. In this way you can take the minimum required Air flow, and thus with the lowest possible heating costs (cooling costs) out. As mentioned, this is not absolutely necessary, it is possible to pretend airflow also manually, for example with a 3-position switch or with a continuously variable switch.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the ventilation is decentralized, which is is low when each in the outer wall area of ​​a room is arranged. As mentioned above, a central ventilation with handicaps connected: space for pipelines, pollution of the Pipelines (especially by microorganisms), investment costs. The decentralized solution often has the disadvantage of the space required in the respective Space, and this disadvantage is in the arrangement Exterior walls removed.

It is advantageous if the ventilation to the room by a cover is finished and in the lower and / or upper front side Cover slots are provided for the air flow. Thereby, one hand, the slots are not visible and the other, the air is not directly into the room, but directed onto the floor or the ceiling, so draft is largely avoided.

To make room for the slots, the cover for ventilation can go a flat surface and towards the room have a curved surface. This is in the middle of the cover enough room for the slots, nevertheless makes the cover optically a slender impression and has especially no protruding edges.

During reconstruction of existing plants, it is advantageous if the space heating has or space cooling a fan and / or surface radiators. For new installations, wall, ceiling and floor are or cooling systems preferred. A fan radiator or heat Sink can be smaller than a space heater (surface heat sink), which mainly after subsequent conversion of a heater for an air conditioner with Cooling ability can be important.

To avoid noise nuisances, it is expedient if the Outdoor air connection of ventilation a sound insulation element is integrated.

In intake duct or in the suction of the ventilation can be used to Air cleaning a filter be integrated. For example, in the intake duct a filter of class G3 be integrated or in the suction chamber Filter grade F7.

Preferably, the supply air fan is a continuously variable radial fan with anti-vibration mounts, mounted after the filter, according to the radial fan, an overpressure channel with air flow openings be arranged for uniform flow through the heat exchanger can.

The heat exchanger may be a counterflow heat exchanger fins.

Furthermore, it is in view of the antifreeze favorable if the supply air after the heat exchanger, a frost protection thermostat is arranged which in lowering the supply air temperature to below + 8 ° C the supply fan off. When a building in winter is empty and is not heated, then of course should be turned off the ventilation to an unnecessary to avoid cooling.

As mentioned above, the entire condensation forms the heat exchanger. It is therefore advantageous if below the Heat exchanger a condensate tray with connection for the Condensate drain is located.

The housing of the ventilation can be made of steel, wherein the Rear and side walls and the front cover in the air leading heat range and are soundproofed.

Brief Description of Drawings

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be further explained. It shows: Figure 1 a longitudinal section through an inventive. Room air conditioning device, and Fig. 2 a cross section along the line AA in FIG. 1.

Best embodiment of the invention

The room air conditioning device has a housing 1, preferably in the The form of a thermally insulated cabinet with flush or surface adjustable frame is executed. For room toward a cover 1a provided in the form of a slightly arched door, the top of her and lower end faces with slits 1 b is provided for the air supply. The Rear wall includes an outdoor air connection to a suction channel 2 of at least 100 mm in diameter, in which a sound insulation element 2a is integrated. On the outside air connection is a wall-through pipe with connected externally lying grille.

In the area of ​​the outside air port there is a suction chamber. 3 The outside air flows through the suction chamber 3 vertically from the top to below. In the suction chamber 3 prevails outside air.

The suction chamber 3 is provided with an independent inspection cover provided. This can be used for maintenance without tools be removed. Screws allow the dismantling of Hand.

In breast element is preferably a DC centrifugal blowers as supply fan 4 for use. To the transmission of structure-borne sound to prevent the engine is bonded to a mounting plate. The adhesive attenuates the structure-borne sound transmission.

The supply air fan 4 is controlled by a controller, allowing the Speed ​​change. When a control voltage of 1.4 V speaks of Supply fan 4 and reaches at 10V control voltage maximum Capacity.

The air supply fan 4 and the associated power supply are in the Suction 3 accommodated. They have the protection class IP 44 according to DIN VDE 0530-5. The climatic conditions affect the components not, but provide natural cooling.

In DIN EN 779 Filter Classes G3 to F5 are designed for use in ventilation systems required. There are 2 filters are required. In the intake passage 2, there is a sound insulation element 2a, the supply air then passes in sequence into the suction chamber 3, in Figure 3a, a filter of the Grade disposed G3. This is the one in front of the intake port protect pollution, on the other hand, the maintenance interval of extend 3b following fine filter. This fine filter of class F7 a cabin air filter. With grade F7 pollen can be filtered will.

Before and behind this filter 3b, the pressure difference is measured. Thereby can control with high pressure differentials output a signal which indicates a necessary filter change.

is located between the suction chamber 3 and a heat exchanger 5 a pressure passage 4a. It serves to the pressure conditions across the width of the heat exchanger 5 to homogenize. Thus, a uniform Flow through the heat exchanger 5, and thus a maximum achieved heat transfer.

As heat exchanger 5, a water-air system is provided. This System allows the use of proven technology installation. Of the Heat exchanger 5 is connected to a water heating / cooling circuit. The system can of cold water and warm water flow through. This simplifies the use of the Room air-conditioning unit when renovating existing buildings. The Room air-conditioning unit can use the pipeline of the old heating system. It is preferably a plate-fin heat exchangers are used.

The dimensioning of the heat exchanger 5 is carried out so that for the hygienically necessary air exchange supplied outside air in winter heated to at least 22 ° C and in summer to at least 18 ° C can be cooled.

The heat exchanger 5 is housed in a supply air chamber 5a. In the Supply air chamber 5a is thus heated or cooled, the outside air. she will then fed to through the slots 1 b of the room as supply air. slots 1 b are designed such that the supply air at an average rate of maximum 0.15 m / s is blown. This prevents drafts. In addition, the supply air is directed to the floor or the ceiling, which Drafts additionally reduced.

The fresh air that flows through the heat exchanger 5 in the summer transports, Moisture at a temperature of 10-12 ° C of the heat exchanger 5 leads to condensation in the cooling mode. is through this process the supply air partially dehumidified, resulting in a pleasant room climate leads.

For draining of condensate a condensate tray 5b below the heat exchanger 5 is provided. The condensate tray 5b has a back falling to the side bottom. The condensate is of there discharged via a condensate drain with siphon 5c.

In a piping installation channel 9 a flow pipe 10 and a provided downcomer 11th Also an electric line can here be housed. The inlet of the heat exchanger 5 is a Shut-off valve 10a connected to the flow pipe 10th The sequence of the Heat exchanger 5 results in a three-way valve 6, which alternatively (with continuous transition) to connect to a short-circuit line 12 and creates a space heating or space cooling. 7 The Space heating or space cooling 7 opens with its expiry in the Short-circuit line 12, and this leads via a shutoff valve 11 to Downcomer 11th

In the example above the casing installation duct 9 a Installation connection channel 13 is provided in which not only the siphon the condensate drain 5c, but also an electric junction box 14 and the valves are housed 10a and 11a. Of the Installation connecting channel is closed by a removable cover accessible.

It is expedient if the maximum width is 550 mm. This installation is in the standardized timber frame without Design change possible. In this case, however, even with the standardized drying rack construction with metal C-profiles in the new building as well as the refurbishment of the installation without design change possible.

The room air-conditioning system according to the invention works as follows:

1. cooling

are cooled in the supply air by the heat exchanger 5 with a cool, heat-transferring medium flows through, this must appropriate equipment (eg chillers) available in the building be.

Assuming a room temperature of 23 ° C and a relative Humidity of 50%, the dew point temperature is 12 ° C. Stands electrical storms, or you measure the humidity immediately after precipitation, relative humidity can to values ​​above 90% rise. In this case, it is for the health and performance the people to know that the air is at least partially dehumidified.

For the cooling circuit of the heat exchanger will be a limiting temperature for the supply of a maximum of 12.5 ° C set. The resulting Condensation is a drain pan below the 5 b Heat exchanger 5 absorbed and diverted. To ensure efficient Room cooling can be reached in the summer in hot weather the cooling of the supply air not due to the low air volume flow sufficient. According to the invention, therefore, is a heat exchanger 5 Wall / ceiling or floor-area cooling system downstream. By the heat exchange in the heat exchanger increases the temperature of the The cooling medium of about 12 ° C to about 15 ° C, whereby a Dew point is avoided in the surface cooling system.

The supply air is performed by the heat exchanger 5 with a heat transmitting medium flows through and the outside air by means of Supply fan 4 the heat exchanger 5 flows. Thereby, the Supply air heated to at least 22 ° C. According to the invention for the Cover the transmission losses of the space a Wall / ceiling or floor element system downstream. For the heating circuit of the heat exchanger is a flow temperature of preferably 40-55 ° C set. Through the heat exchange in Heat exchanger reduces the temperature of the heating medium at ca. 35-50 ° C and is with this temperature level optimal for the Low temperature heat radiation operation suitable. The Heat supply of the heating medium, by biomass, gas, oil, Heat pumps, solar energy, district heating, etc. take place.

An individual room control ensures fast, efficient ventilation and provides the user the option, in the operation of the room air-conditioning unit intervene. Under need-based ventilation is an air exchange to understand who holds the indoor air quality at the required level and Bauschäden avoids, yet only a minimum of Air volume exchanges. The EV 2002 writes furthermore that heating plants with water as the heat carrier with self mechanism for separately have control of room temperature must be equipped. The invention therefore includes any space a room thermostat or room temperature sensor on a Control valve, the room temperature in heating or cooling mode controls. Preferably, an air quality sensor, as well as in every room a CO₂Sensor is provided which acts on the supply fan 4 and demand the proportion of fresh air increases or decreases.

To failure of the hot water supply heat exchanger 5 before Freezing to protect, is after the heat exchanger 5 in the supply air flow a frost protection thermostat 8 is arranged which falls below the Inlet air temperature of 8 ° C stops the supply air fan and thus the prevents penetration of cold supply air into the water-bearing region.