A method for making lube basestocks

Description of equivalent WO 2004033596 A2

A METHOD FOR MAKING LUBE BASESTOCKS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to a process for preparing lubricating oil

basestocks having a high viscosity index (VI) from wax containing feeds.

More particularly, a wax containing feedstock is hydrotreated under mild

conditions, catalytically hydrodewaxed and hydrofinished.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Historically, lubricating oil products for use in applications such as

automotive engine oils have used additives to improve specific properties of

the basestocks used to prepare the finished products. With the advent of

increased environmental concerns, the performance requirements for the

basestocks themselves have increased. American Petroleum Institute (API)

requirements for Group II basestocks include a saturates content of at least

90%, a sulfur content of 0.03 wt.% or less and a viscosity index (VI) between

80 and 120. The requirements for Group III basestocks are those of Group II

basestocks except that the VI is at least 120.

[0003] Conventional techniques for preparing basestocks such as

hydrocracking or solvent extraction require severe operating conditions such as

high pressure and temperature or high solven oil ratios and high extraction temperatures to reach these higher basestock qualities. Either alternative

involves expensive operating conditions and low yields.

[0004] Hydrocracking has been combined with hydrotreating as a

preliminary step. However, this combination also results in decreased yields of

lubricating oils due to the conversion to distillates that typically accompany the

hydrocracking process.

[0005] It would be desirable to have a economical process for preparing

Group III basestocks in high yields by minimizing conversion to low boiling

distillates while at the same time producing a product having excellent low

temperature properties, high VI and high stability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present invention is directed at a process to prepare lubricating

oil basestocks having a VI of about 110 to about 130 from a lube oil boiling

range feedstock.

[0007] The process comprises:

a) conducting a lubricating oil feedstock to a solvent extraction zone and

underextracting the lubricating oil feedstock under conditions effective

at producing at least an aromatics-lean raffinate solution;

b) removing at least a portion of the extraction solvent from the aromatics-

lean raffinate solution to produce a raffinate feedstock having a dewaxed

oil viscosity index from about 75 to about 105 and a wax content of

greater than 15 wt.%;

c) contacting the raffinate feedstock with a hydrotreating catalyst in a first

reaction stage operated under effective conditions to produce at least a

gaseous product and a hydrotreated feedstock

d) stripping the hydrotreated feedstock to separate at least a portion of the

gaseous product from the hydrotreated feedstock to produce a stripped

feedstock; and e) contacting the stripped feedstock with at least one dewaxing catalyst in a

dewaxing zone operated under effective hydrodewaxing conditions,

wherein said dewaxing catalyst contains at least one Group VIII noble

metal and is selected from ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-

48, ZSM-57, Beta, SSZ-31, SAPO-11, SAPO-31, SAPO-41, MAPO-11,

ECR-42, fluorided alumina, silica-alumina, fluorided silica alumina,

synthetic Ferrierites, Mordenite, Offretite, erionite, chabazite, and

mixtures thereof thereby producing a lubricating oil basestock.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, a hydrofinished

lubricating oil basestock is produced by contacting the lubricating oil basestock

with a hydrofinishing catalyst in a hydrofinishing zone operated under effective

hydrofininishing conditions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] It should be noted that the terms "feedstock" and "feedstream" as

used herein are synonymous. Lubricating Oil Feedstocks

[0010] The feedstock used in the process of the invention are wax-

containing feeds that boil in the lubricating oil range, typically having a 10%

distillation point greater than 650°F (343°C), measured by ASTM D 86 or

ASTM 2887, and are derived from mineral sources, synthetic sources, or a

mixture of the two. Non-limiting examples of suitable lubricating oil

feedstocks include those derived from sources such as oils derived from solvent

refining processes such as raffinates, partially solvent dewaxed oils,

deasphalted oils, distillates, vacuum gas oils, coker gas oils, slack waxes, foots

oils and the like, and Fischer-Tropsch waxes.

[0011] These feedstocks may also have high contents of nitrogen- and

sulfur-contaminants. Feeds containing up to 0.2 wt.% of nitrogen, based on

feed and up to 3.0 wt.% of sulfur can be processed in the present process.

Feeds having a high wax content typically have high viscosity indexes of up to

200 or more. Sulfur and nitrogen contents may be measured by standard

ASTM methods D5453 and D4629, respectively. Raffinate Feedstocks

[0012] The raffinate feedstocks used herein are derived from a solvent

extraction process. In a solvent extraction process as contemplated herein, the

lube oil feedstocks defined above are solvent extracted. The solvent extraction

process selectively dissolves the aromatic components in an aromatics-rich

extract solution while leaving the more paraffinic components in the

"aromatics-lean raffinate solution". Naphthenes are distributed between the

extract and raffinate phases. Typical solvents for solvent extraction include

phenol, furfural and N-methyl pyrrolidone. By controlling the solvent to oil

ratio, extraction temperature and method of contacting distillate to be extracted

with solvent, one can control the degree of separation between the extract and

raffinate phases.

[0013] In the solvent extraction process, the lube oil feedstocks are

subjected to solvent extraction in a solvent extraction zone. In the solvent

extraction zone, a lube oil boiling range feedstock as defined above, is

contacted with an extraction solvent. The extraction solvent used herein is not

critical and can be any solvent known that has an affinity for aromatic

hydrocarbons in preference to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. Non-limiting examples of such solvents include suifolane, furfural, phenol, and N-methyl

pyrrolidone ("NMP"). Furfural, phenol, and NMP are preferred.

[0014] The contacting of the lube oil boiling range feedstream with the

extraction solvent can be accomplished by any suitable solvent extraction

method. Non-limiting examples of such include batch, semi-batch, or

continuous. It is preferred that the extraction process be a continuous process,

and it is more preferred that the continuous process be operated in a counter-

current fashion. In a counter-current configuration, it is preferred that the lube

oil boiling range feedstream be introduced into the bottom of an elongated

contacting zone or tower and caused to flow in an upward direction while the

extraction solvent is introduced at the top of the tower and allowed to flow in a

downward direction, counter-current to the upflowing lube oil boiling range

feedstream. In this configuration, the lube oil boiling range feedstream is

forced to pass counter-currently to the extraction solvent resulting in the

intimate contact between the extraction solvent and the lube oil boiling range

feedstock. The extraction solvent and the lube oil boiling range feedstream

thus migrate to opposite ends of the contacting zone. [0015] The contacting of the lube oil boiling range feedstream with the

extraction solvent produces at least an aromatics-lean raffinate solution. The

aromatics-lean raffinate solution is then treated to remove at least a portion of

the extraction solvent contained therein, thus producing the raffinate used as a

feedstock herein. The removal of at least a portion of the extraction solvent

can be done by any means known in the art effective at separating at least a

portion of an extraction solvent from an aromatics lean raffinate solution.

Preferably the raffinate is produced by separating at least a portion of the first

extraction solvent from the aromatics-lean raffinate solution in a stripping or

distillation tower. By at least a portion, it is meant that at least about 80 vol%,

preferably about 90 vol%, more preferably 95 vol%, based on the aromatics-

lean raffinate solution, of the extraction solvent is removed from the aromatics-

lean raffinate solution. Most preferably substantially all of the extraction

solvent is removed.

[0016] It should be noted that the phrase "aromatics-lean raffinate solution"

is not synonymous with the "raffinate". The phrase "aromatics-lean raffinate

solution" is meant to refer to the products of solvent extraction before the

solvent has been removed, i.e. distilled or stripped, from the respective phases.

Thus, "raffinate", as used herein, refers to the raffinate product after at least a portion of the solvent contained in the "aromatics-lean raffinate solution has

been removed.

[0017] It is preferred that the raffinates used herein be under extracted, i.e.,

the extraction is carried out under conditions such that the raffinate yield is

maximized while still removing most of the lowest quality molecules from the

feed. Raffinate yield may be maximized by controlling extraction conditions,

for example, by lowering the solvent to oil treat ratio and/or decreasing the

extraction temperature. The raffinate from the solvent extraction unit is

stripped of solvent and then sent to a hydrotreating unit (zone) containing a

hydrotreating catalyst.

[0018] The raffinate feedstock to the hydrotreating zone is extracted to a

dewaxed oil viscosity index of from about 75 to about 105, preferably 80 to 95,

more preferably about 80 to about 85. The raffinate feedstock will also have a

wax content greater than about 15 wt.% wax, preferably greater than about 40

wt.% wax. The wax content of a feed may be determined by nuclear magnetic

resonance spectroscopy (ASTM D5292), by correlative ndM methods (ASTM

D3238) or by solvent means (ASTM D3235). Hydrotreating

[0019] For hydrotreating, the catalysts are those effective for hydrotreating

such as catalysts containing at least one metal selected from Group VI metals,

Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof. Preferred metals include nickel,

tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt and mixtures thereof. These metals or mixtures

of metals are typically present as oxides or sulfides on refractory metal oxide

supports. The amount of metals, either individually or in mixtures, for

supported catalysts ranges from about 0.5 to 35 wt.%, based on the catalyst,

while if a bulk or unsupported catalysts is used, the metals content can range as

high as 98 wt.%, based on the catalyst. In the case of preferred mixtures of

Group VIII metals with Group VI metals, the Group VIII metals are present in

amounts ranging from about 0.5 to 5 wt.%, based on catalyst and the Group VI

metals are present in amounts ranging from about 5 to 30 wt.%. The amounts

of metals may be measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively

coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry or other methods specified by

ASTM for individual metals.

[0020] The hydrotreating catalysts used herein can be either supported, or

bulk or unsupported. However, if the hydrotreating catalyst is supported, it is

important that the metal oxide support used for the hydrotreating catalysts herein be non-acidic so as to control cracking. A useful scale of acidity for

catalysts is based on the isomerization of 2-methyl-2-pentene as described by

Kramer and McVicker, J. Catalysis, 92, 355 (1985). In this scale of acidity, 2-

methyl-2-pentene is subjected to the catalyst to be evaluated at a fixed

temperature, typically 200°C. In the presence of catalyst sites, 2-methyl-2-

pentene forms a carbenium ion. The isomerization pathway of the carbenium

ion is indicative of the acidity of active sites in the catalyst. Thus weakly

acidic sites form 4-methyl-2-pentene whereas strongly acidic sites result in a

skeletal rearrangement to 3-methyl-2-pentene with very strongly acid sites

forming 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. The mole ratio of -methyl-2-pentene to 4-

methyl-2-pentene can be correlated to a scale of acidity, which ranges from 0.0

to 4.0. Very weakly acidic sites will have values near 0.0 whereas very

strongly acidic sites will have values approaching 4.0. The catalysts useful in

the present process have acidity values of less than about 0.5, preferably less

than about 0.3. The acidity of metal oxide supports can be controlled by

adding promoters and/or dopants, or by controlling the nature of the metal

oxide support, e.g., by controlling the amount of silica incorporated into a

silica-alumina support. Examples of promoters and/or dopants include

halogen, especially fluorine, phosphorus, boron, yttria, rare-earth oxides and

magnesia. Promoters such as halogens generally increase the acidity of metal oxide supports while mildly basic dopants such as yttria or magnesia tend to

decrease the acidity of such supports.

[0021] Suitable metal oxide supports include low acidic oxides such as

silica, alumina or titania, preferably alumina. Preferred aluminas are porous

aluminas such as gamma or beta having average pore sizes from 50 to 200A,

preferably 75 to 150A, a surface area from 100 to 300 m²/g, preferably 150 to

250 m²/g and a pore volume of from 0.25 to 1.0 cm³/ g, preferably 0.35 to 0.8

cm³/g. The supports are preferably not promoted with a halogen such as

fluorine as this generally increases the acidity of the support above 0.5.

[0022] Preferred metal catalysts include cobalt/molybdenum (1-5% Co as

oxide, 10-25% Mo as oxide) nickel/molybdenum (1-5% Ni as oxide, 10-25%

Co as oxide) or nickel/tungsten (1-5% Ni as oxide, 10-30% W as oxide) on

alumina. Especially preferred are nickel/molybdenum catalysts such as KF-

840.

[0023] Effective hydrotreating conditions as used herein typically include

temperatures of from 150 to 400°C, preferably 200 to 350°C, a hydrogen partial

pressure of from 1480 to 20786 kPa (200 to 3000 psig), preferably 2859 to 13891 kPa (400 to 2000 psig), a space velocity of from 0.1 to 10 liquid hourly

space velocity (LHSV), preferably 0.1 to 5 LHSV, and a hydrogen to feed ratio

of from 89 to 1780 m³/ m³ (500 to 10000 scf/B), preferably 178 to 890 m³/ m³.

[0024] Hydrotreating reduces the amount of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing

contaminants to levels that will not unacceptably affect the dewaxing catalyst

in the subsequent dewaxing step. Also, there may be certain polynuclear

aromatic species that will pass through the present mild hydrotreating step.

These contaminants, if present, will be removed in a subsequent hydrofinishing

step.

[0025] Effective hydrotreating conditions are considered those conditions

which when selected, result in less than 5 wt.% of the feedstock, preferably less

than 3 wt.%, more preferably less than 2 wt.%, being converted to 650°F

(343°C) minus products. Effective hydrotreating conditions are also those that

when selected produce a hydrotreated feedstock whose VI increase is less than

4, preferably less than 3, more preferably less than 2 greater than the VI of the

feedstock. The high wax contents of the present feeds results in minimal VI

increase during the hydrotreating step. [0026] The hydrotreated feedstock may be passed directly to the dewaxing

step or preferably, stripped to remove gaseous contaminants such as hydrogen

sulfide and ammonia prior to dewaxing. Stripping can be by conventional

means such as flash drums or fractionators.

Dewaxing Catalyst

[0027] The dewaxing catalyst may be either crystalline or amorphous.

Crystalline materials are molecular sieves that contain at least one 10 or 12 ring

channel and may be based on aluminosilicates (zeolites) or on

aluminophosphates such as silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO's) and MAPO's.

Zeolites used for oxygenate treatment may contain at least one 10 or 12

channel. Examples of such zeolites include ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-

48, ZSM-57, ferrierite, ITQ-13, MCM-68 and MCM-71. Examples of

aluminophosphates containing at least one 10 ring channel include ECR-42.

Examples of molecular sieves containing 12 ring channels include zeolite beta,

and MCM-68. The molecular sieves are described in US Patent Numbers

5,246,566, 5,282,958, 4,975,177, 4,397,827, 4,585,747, 5,075,269 and

4,440,871. MCM-68 is described in US Patent No. 6,310,265. MCM-71 and

ITQ-13 are described in PCT published applications WO 0242207 and WO

0078677. ECR-42 is disclosed in US 6,303,534. Suitable SAPO's for use herein include SAPO-11, SAPO-31, SAPO-41, and suitable MAPO's include

MAPO-11. SSZ-31 is also a catalyst that can be effectively used herein.

Preferred catalysts include ZSM-48, ZSM-22 and ZSM-23. Especially

preferred is ZSM-48. The molecular sieves are preferably in the hydrogen

form. Reduction can ccur in situ during the dewaxing step itself or can occur

ex situ in another vessel.

[0028] Amorphous dewaxing catalysts include alumina, fluorided alumina,

silica-alumina, fluorided silica-alumina and silica-alumina doped with Group

IIIB metals. Such catalysts are described for example in US Patent Nos.

4,900,707 and 6,383,366. The dewaxing catalysts used herein are bifunctional,

i.e., they are loaded with at least one metal hydrogenation component, which is

selected from Group VI metals, Group VIII metals, or mixtures thereof.

Preferred metals are selected from Group VIII metals. Especially preferred are

Group VIII noble metals such as Pt, Pd or mixtures thereof. These metals are

loaded at the rate of 0.1 to 30 wt.%, based on catalyst. Catalyst preparation and

metal loading methods are described for example in US Patent No. 6,294,077,

and include for example ion exchange and impregnation using decomposable

metal salts. Metal dispersion techniques and catalyst particle size control techniques are described in US Patent No. 5,282,958. Catalysts with small

particle size and well-dispersed metal are preferred.

[0029] The molecular sieves are typically composited with binder materials

which are resistant to high temperatures which may be employed under

dewaxing conditions to form a finished dewaxing catalyst or may be binderless

(self bound). The binder materials are usually inorganic oxides such as silica,

alumina, silica-aluminas, binary combinations of silicas with other metal

oxides such as titania, magnesia, thoria, zirconia and the like and tertiary

combinations of these oxides such as silica-alumina -thoria and silica-alumina

magnesia. The amount of molecular sieve in the finished dewaxing catalyst is

from 10 to 100, preferably 35 to 100 wt.%, based on catalyst. Such catalysts

are formed by methods such spray drying, extrusion and the like. The

dewaxing catalyst may be used in the sulfided or unsulfided form, and is

preferably in the sulfided form.

[0030] Effective dewaxing conditions as used herein includes temperatures

of from 250 - 400°C, preferably 275 to 350°C, pressures of from 791 to 20786

kPa (100 to 3000 psig), preferably 1480 to 17339 kPa (200 to 2500 psig),

liquid hourly space velocities of from 0.1 to 10 hr^'1, preferably 0.1 to 5 hr^*1 and hydrogen treat gas rates from 45 to 1780 m³/ m³ (250 to 10000 scf/B),

preferably 89 to 890 m³/m³ (500 to 5000 scf B).

Hydrofinishing

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the product from

dewaxing is passed directly to a hydrofinishing step without disengagement. It

is preferred to hydrofinish the product resulting from dewaxing in order to

adjust product qualities to desired specifications. Hydrofinishing is a form of

mild hydrotreating directed to saturating any lube range olefins and residual

aromatics as well as to removing any remaining heteroatoms and color bodies.

The post dewaxing hydrofinishing is usually carried out in cascade with the

dewaxing step. Generally the hydrofinishing will be carried out at temperatures

from about 150°C to 350°C, preferably 180°C to 250°C. Total pressures are

typically from 2859 to 20786 kPa (about 400 to 3000 psig). Liquid hourly

space velocity is typically from 0. 1 to 5 LHSV (hr^'1), preferably 0. 5 to 3 hr^"1

and hydrogen treat gas rates of from 44.5 to 1780 m³/m³ (250 to 10,000 scf/B).

[0032] Hydrofinishing catalysts are those containing at least one metal

selected from Group VI metals, Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof.

Preferred metals include at least one noble metal having a strong hydrogenation function, especially platinum, palladium and mixtures thereof. The mixture of

metals may also be present as bulk metal catalysts wherein the amount of metal

is 30 wt.%) or greater based on catalyst. Suitable metal oxide supports include

low acidic oxides such as silica, alumina, silica-aluminas or titania, preferably

alumina. The preferred hydrofinishing catalysts for aromatics saturation will

comprise at least one metal having relatively strong hydrogenation function on

a porous support. Typical support materials include amorphous or crystalline

oxide materials such as alumina, silica, and silica-alumina. The metal content

of the catalyst is often as high as about 20 weight percent for non-noble metals.

Noble metals are usually present in amounts no greater than about 1 wt.%.

[0033] The hydrofinishing catalyst is preferably a mesoporous material

belonging to the M41S class or family of catalysts. The M41S family of

catalysts are mesoporous materials having high silica contents whose

preparation is further described in J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1992, 114, 10834.

Examples included MCM-41, MCM-48 and MCM-50. Mesoporous refers to

catalysts having pore sizes from 15 to 100 A. A preferred member of this class

is MCM-41 whose preparation is described in US Patent No. 5,098,684.

MCM-41 is an inorganic, porous, non-layered phase having a hexagonal

arrangement of uniformly-sized pores. The physical structure of MCM-41 is like a bundle of straws wherein the opening of the straws (the cell diameter of

the pores) ranges from 15 to 100 Angstroms. MCM-48 has a cubic symmetry

and is described for example is US Patent No. 5,198,203 whereas MCM-50 has

a lamellar structure. MCM-41 can be made with different size pore openings in

the mesoporous range. The mesoporous materials may bear a metal

hydrogenation component which is at least one Group VIII metal. Preferred

are Group VIII noble metals, most preferably Pt, Pd or mixtures thereof.

[0034] As stated above, typical hydrofinishing conditions include

temperatures from about 150°C to 350°C, preferably 180°C to 250°C. Total

pressures are typically from 2859 to 20786 kPa (about 400 to 3000 psig).

Liquid hourly space velocity is typically from 0. 1 to 5 LHSV (hr^'1), preferably

0. 5 to 3 hr^'1 and hydrogen treat gas rates of from 44.5 to 1780 m³/m³ (250 to

10,000 scf/B). Effective hydrofinishing conditions, as used herein, are

conditions within the above-defined ranges that when used in conjunction with

the selected hydrofinishing catalyst results in a lubricating oil product meeting

the desired specifications, i.e. color, etc.

[0035] The lubricating oil basestocks resulting from the presently disclosed

process will have viscosity indexes ("VI") of about 110 to about 130, preferably about 115 to about 125. These basestocks will also have excellent

volatility and low temperature properties.

[0036] The above description is directed to preferred embodiments of the

present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other

embodiments that are equally effective could be devised for carrying out the

spirit of this invention.

[0037] The following examples will illustrate the improved effectiveness of

the present invention, but is not meant to limit the present invention in any

fashion.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1

[0038] A raffinate having a Viscosity Index ("VI") of 90, (following solvent

dewaxing) and having a wax content of 15 wt.% was used to produce a

basestock having a dewaxed oil VI of 115. The raffinate was hydrotreated at

370°C, hydrogen pressure of 1800 psi, and liquid hourly space velocities

("LHSV") of 0.35 hr^"1. The raffinate was hydrotreated with a commercial

catalyst obtained from Akzo Nobel and marketed under the name KF-840. The

results of this Example are contained in Table 1 below. EXAMPLES 2 AND 3

[0039] It should be noted that the Examples that follow, namely Examples 2

and 3, are based on information derived from models and estimates from

related experiments. These examples illustrate approaches to upgrading a

raffinate to 115 VI but instead using a combination of hydrotreating and

hydrodewaxing. (A hydrofinishing step would normally be used in a

commercial process but was not considered germane to demonstrating the

invention) The catalyst used for hydrodewaxing comprises a noble metal on a

bound zeolite (ZSM-48).

[0040] The key properties of the solvent dewaxed basestock are the

relationship between the kinematic viscosity and volatility and formulated oil

low temperature properties. A volatility of less than 15% Noack is excellent for

a viscosity of 4.5 cSt @ lOOC. The Mini-Rotary Viscosity (MRV) in a 5W30

formulation was measured at 35,000 cP. EXAMPLE 2

[0041] The raffinate used in this Example was the same as described in

Example 1 above. The hydrotreating conditions included temperatures of 360-

380°C, pressures up to 2500 psig and liquid hourly space velocities ("LHSV")

of 0.2 to 2 hr^"1, along with utilizing the same KF-840 catalyst of Example 1.

The hydrodewaxing conditions conditions needed to achieve the target pour

point of -18°C are in the range 330 to 340°C for a process operating at 1800 psi

H₂ and at a LHSV of 1.0 v/v/hr.

[0042] Thus, in this Example, the raffinate was hydrotreated to produce a

hydrotreated raffinate having a VI of 108. The hydrotreated raffinate was then

dewaxed under the conditions described above to produce a basestock having a

VI of 115. The results of this Example are contained in Table 1, below.

EXAMPLE 3

[0043] As mentioned above, Example 3 also used a two step process

involving hydrotreating under conditions similar to those outlined in Example 1

above followed by hydrodewaxing. However, the raffinate used in this

Example was an underextracted raffinate having a wax content of 15wt.% and a VI of 83 (dewaxed oil basis). The hydrodewaxing conditions were similar to

those described above in Example 2.

[0044] In this Example, the underextracted raffinate was hydroteated to

produce a hydrotreated underextracted raffinate having a VI of 108. The

hydrotreated underextracted raffinate was then hydrodewaxed to produce a

basestock having a VI of 115. The results of this Example are contained in

Table lj below.

TABLE 1

<img file="WO2004033596A2_D0001.tif" /> [0045] The yield of Example 1 was used as a standard yield for comparison

of the yields of Examples 2 and 3.

[0046] The data contained in Table 1 also illustrates that the process of

Example 2 using a raffinate that is not underextracted produces a basestock

having excellent Noack volatility at the given viscosity and excellent low

temperature properties as defined by Formulated Oil Mini Rotary Viscosity

(MRV) of 20,000cP. Table 1 also illustrates that the low temperature

properties of the formulated oil of Example 2 are substantially improved versus

Example 1 , however the viscosity/ volatility relationship is poorer. Example 2

also demonstrated an increased yield over that obtained by hydrotreating only

(Example 1).

[0047] The data contained in Table 1 also illustrates that the process of

Example 3 using an under-extracted raffinate produces a basestock having

excellent Noack volatility at viscosity and excellent low temperature properties

as defined by Formulated Oil Mini Rotary Viscosity (MRV) of 20,OOOcP.

Thus, Table 1 shows that the product of Example 3 has both excellent low

temperature properties and an excellent viscosity/volatility relationship. This

also results in an increased yield over that obtained by hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing the standard raffinate illustrated in Example 2. Example 3

shows the benefit of utilizing an under-extracted raffinate in a combined

hydrotreating-hydrodewaxing process.

[0048] Thus, these Examples demonstrate that by using an underextracted

raffinate, a refiner can produce superior yields of basestocks having excellent

Noack volatility and low temperature properties than by using a raffinate that is

not undterextracted.