Display device

Description of equivalent WO 2004026001 A1

DESCRIPTION

DISPLAY DEVICE

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention generally relates to a display device and, more particularly, to a display device for displaying images on its front and back panels.

BACKGROUND ART

As flat panel display components liquid crystal display (LCD) devices have been primarily used for mobile phones and personal digital assistants. Organic electro-luminescence (EL) display devices have been experimentally installed in such compact electronic equipment because the EL display devices have significant advantages of faster response speeds and wider viewing angles than the LCD devices.

Some folding type mobile phones and handy electronic equipment are provided with a flat panel display device for displaying images in both their folded and unfolded states, i.e., for displaying images on their front and back panels. They are, however, thicker in thickness than those with a one-sided display device. It is quite important for mobile phone, handy electronic equipment, etc. to be sufficiently thin even though they have such a display device as described above.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a thin display device for displaying images on both its front and back panels, which can be installed in handy electronic equipment.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a thin display device capable of displaying different images on both its front and back panels.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a display device comprises an optically transparent substrate, first pixel electrodes formed on the substrate, the first pixel electrodes including light shielding portions, second pixel electrodes formed on the substrate, the second pixel electrodes including optically transparent portions, common electrodes provided with optically transparent portions corresponding to the first pixel electrodes and light shielding portions corresponding to the second pixel electrodes, first optical layers disposed between the first pixel electrodes and the common electrodes to change an optical property in response to electric energy applied between the first pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, and second optical layers disposed between the second pixel electrodes and the common electrodes to change an optical property in response to electric energy applied between the second pixel electrodes and the common electrodes.

The display device set forth above is characterized in that the first and second pixel electrodes are optically reflective on sides facing the common electrodes.

The display device set forth above is still characterized in that the first pixel electrodes are disposed in a first direction, the second pixel electrodes are disposed in a second direction to cross the first pixel electrodes, and the first and second pixel electrodes are alternatively provided in the first and/or second directions.

The display device set forth above further comprises scanning lines disposed in the first direction on the substrate, first and second video signal lines disposed in the second direction on the substrate, first switching elements provided in vicinities of points where the scanning lines cross the first video signal lines, the first switching elements supplying video signals from the first video signal lines between the first pixel electrodes and the common electrodes in response to scanning signals from the scanning lines, and second switching elements provided in vicinities of points where the scanning lines cross the second video signal lines, the second switching elements supplying video signals from the second video signal lines between the second pixel electrodes and the common electrodes in response to scanning signals from the scanning lines .

The display device set forth above is characterized in that at least a part of the first and second switching elements is disposed in a region defined by the substrate and the first pixel electrodes.

The display device set forth above is further characterized in that the number of the first pixel electrodes is different from that of the second pixel electrodes.

The display device set forth above is still further characterized in that the first and second optical layers are provided with organic electro-luminescent light emitting layers.

Electronic equipment of the present invention includes a display device set forth above, and an input manipulator to input signals to the display device, wherein the display device displays images in response to the input.

This patent application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-248942, filed on August 28, 2002, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed descriptions when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein'

Fig. 1 a circuit diagram of a display device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.'

Fig. 2 is a schematic pixel layout diagram of the display device shown in Fig. 1>'

Figs. 3A and 3B are sectional views cut along

IIIA-IIIA and IIIB-IIIB of the display device shown in Fig. 25 Fig. 4 is a schematic pixel layout diagram of a display device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention,'

Fig. 5A is a plan view of the front panel of a mobile phone provided with the display device in accordance with the first or second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5B is a plan view of the back panel of the mobile phone shown in Fig. 5A»'

Fig. 6A is a perspective view of a game machine provided with the display device in accordance with the first or second embodiment of the invention?

Fig. 6B is a sectional view cut along VIB-VIB of the game machine shown in Fig. 6A; and

Fig. 7 is a schematic pixel layout diagram of a display device in accordance with third embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. The same or similar components are indicated by same reference numerals throughout the drawings and redundant explanations about them are omitted.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is applicable to electronic equipment with a display device.

Fig. 1 a circuit diagram of a display device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Display device 1 shown in Fig. 1 is an organic EL (electro-luminescence) display device.

This organic EL display device 1 is provided with transparent substrate 2 on which scanning line driver 3 and video signal line driver 4, scanning lines 5, video signal lines 6a and 6b, electrode lines 7 and pixels 8a and 8b are disposed.

Scanning lines 5 extend in line (horizontal) directions of pixels 8a and 8b and are disposed in a row

(vertical) direction. Scanning lines 5 each are supplied with scanning signals on a regular basis from scanning line driver

3. Video signal lines 6a and 6b extend in row (vertical) directions of pixels 8a and 8b and are disposed in line (horizontal) directions. Video signal lines 6a and 6b each are supplied with video signals from video signal line driver 4.

Pixels 8a and 8b are formed in a matrix on transparent substrate 2. In other words, pixels 8a and 8b are provided in line and row directions. As will be described later, pixels 8a and 8b are used to display images on the back and front panels of the display device, respectively.

Pixels 8a each include organic EL elements 11a and thin film transistors 12a and 13a. Transistors 12a are electric current control elements while transistors 13a are pixel selection switches. Pixels 8b each, similar in circuit configurations to pixels 8a, also include organic EL elements lib, drive control elements 12b and pixel selection switches 13b.

Source and drain electrodes of drive control elements 12a and 12b are connected to electrode lines 7 and anodes of organic EL elements 11a and lib, respectively. Gate and source electrodes of pixel selection switches 13a and 13b are connected to scanning lines 5 and video signal lines 6a and 6b, respectively. Drain electrodes of pixel selection switches 13a and 13b are connected to gates of drive control elements 12a and 12b, respectively.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of pixels 8a and 8b in the display device shown in Fig. 1. For the sake of simplicity some components are omitted from the display device shown in Fig.

2. Figs. 3A and 3B are sectional views cut along IIIA-IIIA and

IIIB-IIIB of the display device shown in Fig. 2

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3A and 3B, organic El display device 1 is provided with undercoat layer 16 laminated with silicon nitride ( SiNx) and silicon oxide (SiC ) in this order on transparent substrate 2. Semiconductor layer 21 and gate insulation film 22 are formed in this order on undercoat layer 16. Semiconductor layer 21 made of polycrystalline silicon, for instance, includes a channel and source and drain regions. Gate electrodes 23 and scanning lines 5 are provided on gate insulation film 22. Semiconductor layers 21, gate insulation films 22 and gate electrodes 23 constitute top gate type thin film transistors.

Gate insulation film 22, gate electrodes 23 and scanning lines 5 are covered with interlayer film 25 made of silicon oxide (Si02). Video signal lines 6a and 6b, electrode lines 7, source and drain electrodes 28, etc. are provided on interlayer film 25 but are covered with passivation film 30 made of silicon nitride (SiNx), etc. Source and drain electrodes 28 are connected to the source . and drain regions of the thin film transistors, respectively.

Optically reflective and electrically conductive layer

31 and, then, optically transparent and electrically conductive layer 32 are deposited on passivation film 30 in the region corresponding to pixel 8b. On the other hand, optically transparent and electrically conductive layer 32 is only deposited, but optically reflective and electrically conductive layer 31 is not provided, on passivation film 30 in the region corresponding to pixel 8a. Thus, electrically conductive layer

32 constitutes a pixel electrode (anode) of pixel 8a while electrically conductive layers 31 and 32 constitute a pixel electrode (anode) of pixel 8b.

Further, partition insulation layer 33 is provided on passivation film 30. Partition insulation layer 33 is a lamination made of hydrophilic and water repellent layers, for instance. Further, partition insulation layer 33 has an opening to partially expose the upper surface of electrically conductive layer 32.

Organic layer 34 is provided on the upper surface of electrically conductive layer 32 exposed partially by the opening of partition insulation layer 33. Organic layer 34 includes a light-emitting layer primarily made of a red, green or blue organic luminescent compound, for example. Organic layer 34 may additionally include an intermediate layer such as a hole injection layer provided between an electrode and a luminescent layer to inject carriers from the electrode to the luminescent layer.

Optically transparent and electrically conductive layer 35 and optically reflective and electrically conductive layer 36 are formed in this order on partition insulation layer 33 and organic layer 34 as common electrodes. Electrically conductive layers 35 and 36 are electrically connected to their lead lines (not shown) through contact holes (not shown) provided in passivation film 30 and partition insulation layer 33.

Electrically conductive layer 35 is formed entirely on a display area including pixels 8a and 8b as a continuous film. On the other hand, electrically conductive layer 36 is formed entirely on the display area, similarly to electrically conductive layer 35, except its opening corresponding to pixel 8b. In other words, the lamination of electrically conductive layers 35 and 36 and conductive layer 35 constitute cathodes for pixels 8a and 8b, respectively.

As described above, organic EL display device 1 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention includes pixels 8a and 8b corresponding to organic EL elements 11a and lib, respectively. Further, organic EL elements 11a and lib emit light to the back and front surfaces, respectively. In other words, organic EL element 11a essentially contains the optically transparent anode (electrically conductive layer 32), organic layer 34 and optically reflective cathode (electrically conductive layers 35 and 36) that are laminated in turn. On the other hand, organic EL element 11 b essentially contains the optically reflective anode (electrically conductive layers 31 and 32), organic layer 34 and optically transparent cathode (electrically conductive layer 35) that are laminated in turn.

Thus, organic EL display device 1 can display images on both front and back surfaces. A handy electronic terminal with such organic EL display device 1 becomes thin in thickness.

Further, where both the anode and cathode are made optically transparent, images displayed on the front and back panels interfere with each other and cannot be different on them, accordingly. Organic EL display device 1 of the present invention includes, however, both the cathode of pixel 8a and the anode of pixel 8b which are optically reflective, so that different, and high brightness, images can be displayed on the front and back surfaces.

In addition, in organic EL display device 1, pixel 8a is substantially the same in structure as pixel 8b. No additional manufacturing processes are specifically required for the structure to display different images on both the front and back panels.

Still further, electrode lines 7 and video signal line driver 4 are commonly provided for pixels 8a and 8b in organic EL display device 1. Thus, this structure can increase an area ratio of the display area to the driver circuit area including scanning line and video signal line drivers 3 and 4 and achieve to display images with higher brightness.

The front and back panels are not limited to the same but may be different in size, if preferable, by adjusting a number of pixels for them.

Now, components of organic EL display device 1 will be explained below in detail. Transparent substrate 2 can be any material that supports the structure formed on it. A hard substrate such as a glass plate is generally used for transparent substrate 2 but flexible substrates made of plastics can be used for it depending on the applications of organic EL display device 1. Electrically conductive layer 31 can be made of metal materials, e.g., gold, silver, platinum, palladium. Electrically conductive layer 32, however, is made of optically transparent but electrically conductive materials, e. g., transparent electrically conductive oxidized metals of indium-tin-oxide (ITO), indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) , and the like . Electrically conductive layers 31 and 32 are formed by applying a deposition method of vacuum evaporation, sputtering, or the like and a well known photo-lithographic patterning technique . Electrically conductive layers 31 and 32 can be also made by using a masked sputtering method.

Partition insulation layer 33 may be either a single water repellent layer or a lamination of hydrophilic and water repellent layers. The latter structure provides organic layer

34 with higher positioning or shaping accuracy than the former one.

The hydrophilic layer of partition insulation layer

33 may be made of inorganic insulation materials such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide. The inorganic insulation material exhibits a considerably high hydrophilic property. The water repellent layer of partition insulation layer 33 may be made of organic materials such as a photosensitive resin. Organic layer 34 includes a light-emitting layer, as described above, but it may be a multiple-layer structure further arbitrarily including a hole injection layer. In that case, the hole injection layer is provided between the light emitting layer and the anode.

Where a composition primarily containing donor and acceptor materials is used for the hole injection layer, it can be an organic polymer compound for donors and that for acceptors. The organic polymer compound for donors is a polythiophene derivative such as polyethylene dioxithiophene or a polyaniline derivative such as polyaniline while the that for acceptors is polystyrene sulfonic acid, for instance.

The hole injection layer is made by the following steps : filling, by a solution coating method, liquid collectors are formed by partition insulation layer 33 with a solution dissolving a mixture of organic polymer compounds for donors and acceptors, drying liquid membranes in the liquid collectors and removing solvents from the membranes. The solution coating method useful to make the hole injection layer is based upon vapor deposition, spin coating, or ink jet, for example.

Light emitting layer materials can be luminescent organic compounds generally used for organic EL display devices. For example, a red light emitting layer material is a polymer compound having an alkyl or alkoxy substituent in a benzene ring of a polyvinylene styrene derivative or that having vinylene or cyano group of a polyvinylene styrene derivative. A green light emitting layer material is a polyvinylene styrene derivative introducing an alkyl, alkoxy or allylic derivative substituent into its benzene ring. A blue light emitting layer material is a polyfluorene derivative such as a copolymer of dialkylfluorene and althracen. A method of making the light-emitting layer is similar to that of making the hole injection layer as described above. The light emitting layer and hole injection layer can be also made of low molecular system materials.

An optically transparent but electrically conductive layer such as a thin lithium fluoride (LiF) layer can be used for electrically conductive layer 35. In addition, a relatively thick metal layer such as an aluminum (Al) or silver (Ag) layer can be used for electrically conductive layer 36. Electrically conductive layers 35 and 36 are formed by vapor depositing or sputtering the conductive material and by using a lithographic technique to pattern such deposited or sputtered conductive material. Further, electrically conductive layers 35 and 36 can be made by applying a masked sputtering method. Electrically conductive layers 35 and 36 may be coated with a transparent protection film. A sealing substrate may be provided opposite to the surface on which organic EL elements 11a and lib of transparent substrate 2 are formed and a sealant layer is made around peripheral edge portions of facing inner surfaces of the sealing substrate and organic EL elements 11a and lib of transparent substrate 2 to define a hollow structure. The hollow space may be filled with a rare gas such as argon (Ar) gas or an inert gas such as nitride (N2) gas, a desiccant material or a resin.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be explained below. Fig. 4 is a pixel layout of a flat panel display device in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention. Similarly to the first embodiment, the flat panel display device is an organic EL display device. Its circuit arrangements and sectional view are substantially equal to the first embodiment.

As shown in Fig. 4, drive control elements 12a and

12b, pixel selection switch 13a, a part of pixel selection switch 13b, video signal line 6a and electrode line 7 are disposed in a region defined between electrically conductive layer 31 and transparent substrate 2. In other words, the drive control elements, the pixel switches, etc. are provided to overlap an upper surface of light emitting pixels . Its layout is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment except the arrangements described immediately above. The layout shown in Fig. 4 increases its light-emitting area to be greater than the one shown in Fig. 2. Thus, it can provide a flat panel display device of better display quality.

The flat panel display devices in accordance with the first and second embodiments are applicable to various electronic equipment such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), notebook or desktop type personal computers, handy electronic equipment like game machines and fixed electronic apparatus.

Figs. 5A and 5B are plan views of the unfolded front and back of a mobile phone, respectively, in which the organic EL flat panel display device in accordance with the first or second embodiment is installed.

Folding type mobile phone 100 shown in Figs. 5A and 5B has lower and upper portions 101 and 102. Lower portion 101 is connected to upper portion 102 through connecting portion 103. Lower and upper portions 101 and 102 are rotary about an axis of connection portion 103 to be folded or unfolded.

The front of lower portion 101 is provided with input unit 105 of input keys 104a, 104b and 104c as a user input interface, an aperture 106 to send an audio signal to a transmitter to transduce acoustic energy to electric energy, etc. The back of lower portion 101 is provided with a lid for a battery box 107, an expandable antenna 108, etc.

The front and back of upper portion 102 are provided with flat panel display device 1 in accordance with the first or second embodiment of the present invention. The front of upper portion 102 has a window to receive a display surface of flat panel display device 1 and to make images of the display surface visible, an aperture 109 for a receiver to transduce electric energy to audio energy, etc. The back of upper portion 102 has a window to receive another display surface of flat panel display device 1, etc.

Since organic EL flat panel display device 1 is installed in the folding type mobile phone 100, images can be displayed on both the front and back. Thus, the folding type mobile phone 100 has one display device, (organic EL flat panel display device l) with main and sub-display panels and yet its thickness can be equal to an organic EL flat panel display device with one display panel so that a possible thickness increase due to a structure of front and back panels can be effectively avoided. Further, organic EL flat panel display device 1 significantly achieves reduction in material costs, and increase in mechanical strength due to reduction as to the number of lines in comparison with separately provided and conventional main and sub-flat panel display devices.

Figs. 6A is a perspective view of a game machine in which flat panel display 1 in accordance with the first or second embodiment of the invention is installed while Fig. 6B is a sectional view cut along line VIB-VIB of the game machine. The game machine shown in Figs. 6A and 6B is a confronting type one provided with main body unit 200, a pair of input manipulators 202, and cables 203 to connect input manipulators 202 to main body unit 200.

Main body unit 200 includes frame 201 which holds flat panel display device 1 and receives signal processing units, speakers, etc. in its inside (not shown). Input manipulators 202 each include input buttons 204a and lever 204b. In the game machine, when a user operates input button 204a or lever 204b, input manipulator 202 supplies signals to the signal-processing unit. The signal-processing unit processes the signals in accordance with pre-stored programs and supplies video and audio signals to flat panel display device 1 and the speakers, respectively. In this way, flat panel display device 1 displays images and the speakers output audio signals in response to such user's operation.

Where flat panel display device 1 is installed in electronic equipment like this game machine, it makes the equipment compact in addition to the advantages set forth above.

Although, in the first and second embodiments, the cathode of organic EL element 11a and the anode of organic EL element 11 b are optically reflective, it is not always necessary to make them optically reflective but it is enough that they shield light. Thus, they can be optically absorptive. From the viewpoint of brightness, however, it is advantageous to make them optically reflective.

Further, it is possible to adopt other circuit arrangements than those shown in Fig. 1 as the first and second embodiments. Electric capacitors, for instance, can be additionally provided to hold gate potentials of drive control elements 12a and 12b shown in Fig. 1. Although electrode lines 7 are disposed substantially in parallel with video signal lines 6a and 6b as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, they can be provided substantially in parallel with scanning lines 5. In addition, as shown in Fig. 7, for instance, electrode lines 7 are disposed substantially in parallel with scanning lines 5 while electric capacitors 14a and 14b are provided to hold gate potentials of drive control elements 12a and 12b. Threshold cancel circuits can be further provided to adjust dispersion in threshold voltages of drive control elements 12a and 12b.

Video signal line driver 4 is commonly used for pixels 8a and 8b in the first and second embodiments but video signal line drivers for pixels 8a and 8b can be separately provided for the front and back panels, respectively. The video signal line drivers are integrated on transparent substrate 2 as shown in the first and second embodiments but they can be formed outside transparent substrate 2, e.g., in a tape carrier package or the like.

Electrode lines 7 are provided commonly for pixels 8a and 8b in the first and second embodiments but electrode lines can be separately provided for them, respectively.

In the first and second embodiments, organic EL elements 11a and lib are driven independently but neighboring organic EL elements 11a and lib can be connected to each other (organic EL elements 11a and lib can be connected, for instance, in parallel with each other) to always display identical images on both the front and back panels. In the latter case, some circuits are commonly used in each pixel. For instance, each pixel consists of organic EL elements 11a and lib, drive control element 12a and pixel selection switch 13a but video signal line 6b, drive control element 12b or pixel switch 13b is not needed for it.

Where this structure is adopted for organic EL flat panel display device 1, the front and back panels display mirror images. Flat panel display devices installed in a game machine have no problems in displaying such mirror images in so far as they display no characters. The front and back panels of a flat panel display device each can be provided with independent display portions for mirror and identical images.

There are few necessities for electronic equipment such as folding type mobile phones and notebook type personal computers to simultaneously display independent images on the front and back panels. Thus, when the equipment is folded or closed, its front panel displays images but, alternatively, when it is unfolded or opened, its back panel displays them. In short, signal processing is carried out to display right images in both situations.

The present invention is practiced not only for the organic EL flat panel display devices as explained in the first and second embodiments but also for other display devices, such as liquid crystal display devices provided with reflective pixels for the front and back panels in a matrix, respectively. As described above, a display device according to the present invention includes first light shielding pixel electrodes and second optically transparent pixel electrodes formed on a substrate in parallel with each other and common electrodes are provided with optically transparent portions corresponding to the first pixel electrodes and light shielding portions corresponding to the second pixel electrodes. As a result, images can be displayed on both surfaces of the display device without increase in thickness. In other words, the present invention provides a display device installed in electronic equipment which is thin in thickness and capable of displaying images on both the front and back surfaces.