General operating system

Description of equivalent WO 2004023224 A2

GENERAL OPERATING SYSTEM CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not applicable. STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A MICROFISHE APPENDIX Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field ofthe Invention The invention relates to environmental control systems and, more particularly, to means for configuring control among switching and lighting apparatus, in addition to configuring and reconfiguring control among other controlling and controlled functional accessories associated with interiors and the like. Background Art A significant amount of work is currently being performed in technologies associated with control of what can be characterized as "environmental" systems. Such systems may be utilized in commercial and industrial buildings, residential facilities, transportation systems and other environments. Control functions may vary from relatively conventional HVAC temperature control to extremely sophisticated systems for control ofthe entirety of a city's subway complex.

Development is also being undertaken in the field of network technologies for controlling environmental systems. References are often made in current literature to "smart" buildings or rooms having automated and centralized environmental functionality. This technology provides for networks controlling a number of separate and independent functions, including temperature, lighting and the like.

There are a number of issued patents directed to various aspects of control of environmental systems. For example, Callahan, U.S. Patent No. 6,211,627 Bl issued April 3, 2001 discloses lighting systems specifically directed to entertainment and architectural applications. The Callahan lighting systems include apparatus which provide for distribution of electrical power to a series of branch circuits, with the apparatus being reconfϊgurable so as to place the circuits in a dimmed or "not-dimmed" state, as well as a single or multi-phase state. Callahan further discloses the concept of encoding data in a formed detectable in electrical load wiring and at the load. The data may include dimmer identification, assigned control channels, descriptive load information and remote control functionality. For certain functions, Callahan also discloses the use of a handheld decoder.

DAleo et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,191,265 issued March 2, 1993 disclose a wall- mounted lighting control system. The system may include a master control module, slave modules and remote control units. The system is programmable and modular so that a number of different lighting zones may be accommodated. DAleo et al. also disclose system capability of communicating with a remote "power booster" for purposes of controlling heavy loads.

Dushane et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,196,467 Bl issued March 6, 2001 disclose a wireless programmable thermostat mobile unit for controlling heating and cooling devices for separate occupation zones. Wireless transmission of program instructions is disclosed as occurring by sonic or IR communication.

Other patent references disclose various other concepts and apparatus associated with control systems in general, including use of handheld or other remote control devices. For example, Zook et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,850,009 issued July 18, 1989 disclose the use of a portable handheld terminal having optical barcode reader apparatus utilizing binary imaging sensing and an RF transceiver. Sheffer et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,131,019 issued July 14, 1992 disclose a system for interfacing an alarm reporting device with a cellular radio transceiver. Circuitry is provided for matching the format ofthe radio transceiver to that ofthe alarm reporting unit. Dolin, Jr. et al, U.S. Patent No. 6,182,130 Bl issued January 30, 2001 disclose specific apparatus and methods for communicating information in a network system. Network variables are employed for accomplishing the communication, and allow for standardized communication of data between programmable nodes. Connections are defined between nodes for facilitating communication, and for determining addressing information to allow for addressing of messages, including updates to values of network variables. Dolin, Jr. et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,353,861 Bl issued March 5, 2002 disclose apparatus and methods for a programming interface providing for events scheduling, variable declarations allowing for configuration of declaration parameters and handling of I/O objects. Although a number ofthe foregoing references describe complex programming and hardware structures for various types of environmental control systems, it is desirable for certain functions associated with environmental control to be readily useable by the layperson. This is particularly true in the field, where it may be desirable to readily initially configure or reconfigure relationships or "correlation" between, for example, switching devices and lighting apparatus. Also, it may be desirable for such capability of initial configuration or reconfiguration to preferably occur within the proximity ofthe switching and lighting apparatus, rather than at a centralized or other remote location. However, in addition to switching and lighting apparatus, it is also of benefit to provide means of configuring and reconfiguring controlling relationships among other controlled and controlling functional accessories often found in workplaces and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, a correlation system is provided for configuring and modifying a control relationship between controlling and controlled apparatus. The correlation system includes programming means comprising a hand-held configuration. The programming means is manually operable by a user so as to transmit correlation signals to the controlled apparatus and to the controlling apparatus. The controlled apparatus and the controlling apparatus each have sensing means responsive to the conelation signals for effecting the control relationship between the controlled apparatus and the controlling apparatus. The correlation system can comprise spatially transmitted signals.

The correlation system includes programming means. The programming means comprise a wand having a hand-held configuration, and a programmable controller. Switching means are provided which are manually operable by a user so as to generate state signals as input signals to the programmable controller. The programmable controller is responsive to the state signals so as to execute particular functions as desired by the user. The wand also includes mode selector means, adapted for receiving separate and independent inputs from the user. The mode selector means is further adapted to generate and apply second state signals as input signals to the programmable controller.

The wand also includes transmitting means for transmitting the correlation signals to the controlled apparatus and to the controlling apparatus. The programmable controller is responsive to the state signals and to the second state signals for applying activation signals to the transmission means. The transmission means can comprise an IR emitter. The conelation system can include a communication network for electronically coupling the controlling apparatus to the controlled apparatus. The controlled apparatus can include at least one controlled programmable controller, having a unique address identifiable through the communication network ofthe conelation system. The controlled apparatus can also include sensing means responsive to the conelation signals for applying control signals to the controlled programmable controller. Correspondingly, the controlling apparatus can include at least one controlling programmable controller having a unique address identifiable through the communications network ofthe conelation system. Sensing means are responsive to the conelation signals, for applying control signals to the controlling programmable controller. The controlling apparatus can include a plurality of switch units. Conespondingly, the controlled apparatus can include a plurality of lighting units. The wand can include a trigger switch manually operable by the user, so as to generate state signals as input signals to the programmable controller. The wand can also include a visible light having first and second states. The programmable controller can be adapted to selectively generate and apply activation signals as input signals to the visible light, so as to change the state ofthe visible light between the first and second states.

The wand can also include a lens spaced forward ofthe visible light, with the lens being transparent to both visible and infrared light. The lens can be a collimating lens for purposes of focusing the visible light into a series of parallel light paths. The conelation system can include a plurality of separate and independent programming means.

The mode selector means can be adapted to generate and apply second state signals to the programmable controller as signals indicative of SET, ADD and REMOVE command signals. The controlled apparatus can include transmission means for transmitting address code signals to the programming means, where the address code signals are representative of a unique address ofthe controlled apparatus. Each ofthe wands can include means for indicating successful reception and execution of command signals. The means for indicating successful reception and execution of command signals can include a visible light. Still further, the configuring and modifying ofthe control relationship between the controlling apparatus and the controlled apparatus can be performed in the absence of any transmission of signals from the programming means which identify any element ofthe programming means. In accordance with another aspect ofthe invention, the programming means can comprise means for transmitting identification signals which expressly identify one or more elements ofthe programming means. The programming means can include a plurality of hand-held and manually operable wands. Each ofthe wands can comprise means for transmitting identification signals indicative of particular identification numbers ofthe wands. The conelation system can also include means responsive to the identification signals for establishing a wand prioritization hierarchy. Means can be provided for storing signals indicative of a last state in which the control relationship was configured.

The conelation system can also include means for tracking and identifying which of a plurality of elements ofthe programming means is within a physical space associated with the conelation system. The system also includes means for limiting capability ofthe programming means to effect the control relationship, based upon identification ofthe programming means and/or a particular physical space in which the control relationship is attempting to be effected. Still further, the controlled apparatus can include one or more of a group consisting of light fixtures, microphones, cameras, monitors and wall sockets. In accordance with another aspect ofthe invention, the controlled apparatus can be provided with standard power and data connections. Each ofthe devices ofthe controlled apparatus can be connected to a control bus. At least a subset ofthe controlled apparatus can be provided with a unique global identifier. The identifier can reflect at least the manufacturer, type, class of device and particular unit.

The conelation system can include a control unit transmitting command signals to all devices ofthe controlled apparatus connected to a bus, for purposes of identifying elements of the controlled apparatus. Each element ofthe controlled apparatus comprises means for responding, by transmitting its identifier as a signal. The conelation system also includes an identifier recording unit capable of receiving the identifier signals and converting the same to unique identifiers, and storing the identifiers in memory. The system also includes means for determining a set of identifiers, and providing the identifiers to a control unit. The placement of a device indicator adjacent a device can trigger the device to transmit its identifier by means of the control bus to a control unit. The control unit can include means for recording the device identifier as a tagged device, and mapping the device with a particular control. The conelation system can also include means for mapping a control in a particular parameter at a particular location within a workspace. In this manner, direct confrol of locations is provided, rather than control of devices. In accordance with another aspect ofthe invention, all ofthe electrical signals transmitted among the programming means, control apparatus and controlled apparatus are wireless.

Further in accordance with the invention, a method is provided for use in a conelation system for configuring and modifying a control relationship between controlling apparatus and controlled apparatus. The method includes the use of a programming means comprising a hand-held configuration manually operable by a user so as to transmit conelation signals to the controlled apparatus and the controlling apparatus. Receipt of conelation signals are sensed at the controlled apparatus. Further, receipt of conelation signals are also sensed at the controlling apparatus. A control relationship is effected between the controlled apparatus and the controlling apparatus, based on transmitted conelation signals.

A method in accordance with the invention also includes determining, through programmable processes, prior sets of conelation signals transmitted by the programming means. Determinations are made of next prior sets of conelation signals transmitted to the controlling apparatus. A particular control relationship is effected between the controlled apparatus and the controlling apparatus based on a sequential relationship existing between transmission ofthe conelation signals to the controlled apparatus and conelation signals to the controlling apparatus.

The method in accordance with the invention also includes configuring a particular controlling apparatus so as to confrol states of a plurality of controlled apparatus. The method further includes steps for effecting a master/slave relationship among two or more ofthe controlled apparatus.

A further method in accordance with the invention includes use ofthe wand for transmitting a first particular command signal C to switch S, where C is representative ofthe sequence number ofthe command signal from the wand, and S is representative ofthe particular switch to which the command signal is transmitted. A second particular command signal C+1 is fransmitting to light L, where L is representative of a particular one ofthe lights to which the command signal C+1 is transmitted. A third particular command signal C+2 is transmitted to light M, where M is representative of a particular one ofthe lights. A fourth particular command signal C+3 is transmitted to light N, where N is also representative of a particular one ofthe lights. A fifth particular command signal C+4 is transmitted to switch T, where T is representative of a particular one ofthe switches. A determination is made that command signal C+3 was a command signal to the light N. Confrol is effected between light N and switch T. A determination is then made that command signal C+2 was a command signal to light M, and control is effected of light M by switch T. Command signal C+1 is then determined as a command signal to light L, and control of light L is effected by the switch T. A determination is then further made that command signal C was a command signal to the switch S, and a further determination is made that a particular sequential configuration of control is completed. The foregoing method also includes transmitting a sixth particular command signal C+5 to switch U, where U is representative of a particular other one ofthe switches. A determination is then made that command signal C+4 was transmitted to switch T. A control relationship is then effected so that switch U is a master switch for control of lights L, M and N, and switch T is slaved to switch U. A further method in accordance with the invention includes the use ofthe wand for transmitting control signals to certain ones of lights. Further command signals are transmitted to particular ones of switches. A controlling relationship is then removed between the switches and the lights, based upon the command signals.

Methods in accordance with the invention also include configuring and modifying the control relationship in the absence of any transmission of signals from the programming means which identify an element ofthe programming means. Also, the method can include transmission of identification signals from the programming means, which expressly identify one or more elements ofthe programming means. The method can also include storage of signals indicative of a last state in which the control relationship was configured. The method can include means for tracking and identifying which of a series of elements ofthe programming

1 means is within a physical space associated with the conelation system.

Further method steps in accordance with the invention include limiting capability ofthe programming means to effect the control relationship, based upon identification ofthe programming means and/or particular physical space in which the control relationship is attempting to be effected. Means can also be included for generating a unique global identifier for each of at least a subset ofthe controlled apparatus. The unique global identifier can reflect at least a manufacturer, type, class of device and particular unit of each of at least a subset of a controlled apparatus.

Other method steps in accordance with the invention include transmission of command signals from a control unit to all devices of a controlled apparatus connected to a bus. This is for the purpose of identifying elements ofthe controlled apparatus. Each element ofthe controlled apparatus can respond by transmitting an identifier as a signal. The method also includes having an identifier recording unit receiving identifier signals and converting the same to unique identifiers, and storing the identifiers in memory.

The method can also include placement of a device indicator adjacent to a device ofthe controlled apparatus, and triggering the device to transmit its identifier by means of a control bus to a control unit. This method can further include recording the device identifier as a tagged device, and mapping the tagged device for particular control. Still further, the method can include transmission of all signals between the control apparatus and the controlled apparatus as wireless signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 illustrates an example embodiment of a communications network in accordance with the invention, showing details in block diagram format of a lighting unit and a switch unit; and FIG. 2 is a block diagram partially in schematic format, illustrating a wand structured in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The principles ofthe invention are disclosed, by way of example, in a switch/light conelation system which is adapted for use with a lighting system 102 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In accordance with the invention, the lighting system 102 is associated with one or more wands 104, with an example embodiment of one ofthe wands 104 being illustrated in FIG. 1. The wand 104 is utilized with the lighting system 102 so as to initially configure or reconfigure relationships or conelation' s among switches and lights ofthe lighting system 102. That is, the wand 104 provides a manual, handheld means for determining which ofthe lights ofthe lighting system 102 are controlled by which ofthe switches ofthe lighting system 102. Control ofthe lighting system 102 in accordance with the invention is provided through the use of relatively inexpensive apparatus, which is readily usable by the layperson.

Turning specifically to FIG. 1, the lighting system 102 includes a plurality of lighting units 106. In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, there are n individual lighting units 106. Each lighting unit 106 includes a conventional light 107. The light 107 may be any one of a number of conventional lights, including florescent and LED devices. The light 107 is electrically interconnected to and controlled by a controller 108, with each ofthe controllers 108 associated with one ofthe lighting units 106. Each ofthe controllers 108 may be a conventional programmable controller. Each programmable controller 108 will have a unique address 110 identifiable through the communications network ofthe lighting system 102.

Each ofthe lighting units 106 further includes an infrared (IR) sensor 112. The IR sensor 112 is conventional in nature and may be any one of numerous commercially available IR sensor devices. An IR sensor 112 is associated with each ofthe lighting units 106, and is utilized to receive IR signals from the wand 104 as described in subsequent paragraphs herein. Each ofthe IR sensors 112 is adapted to convert IR signals from the wand 104 to electrical signals, and apply the same to the conesponding controller 108 through line 114.

Refening again to each ofthe controllers 108, each controller has bi-directional communication with a control bus 116 or similar common interface used to provide for control and communication among various devices, such as the lighting units 106 and the switch units to be described in subsequent paragraphs herein. The control bus 116 or a similar communications interface is associated with a communications network 118. Communications network 118 may be sophisticated in design and provide for network control of a number of different devices associated with environmental systems, in addition to switch and lighting apparatus.

Alternatively, communications network 118 may be relatively simplistic in design and provide only a few functions associated solely with switches and lights. Each controller 108 associated with a lighting unit 106 communicates with the control bus 116 through a line 120. Each controller 108 may have the capability of not only storage of a unique address 110 associated with the conesponding light 107, but may also store other information, such as light state and the like.

In addition to the lighting unit 106, the lighting system 102 may also include a plurality of switch units 128. Each ofthe switch units 128 is utilized to control one or more of the lighting units 106. In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the lighting system 102 includes a series of m switch units 128. Refening to the specific switch unit 128 illusfrated partially in schematic format in FIG. 1, the switch unit 128 includes a conventional switch 129. A switch 129 is associated with each one ofthe switch units 128. Each switch 129 can be any one of a number of conventional and commercially available switches.

Each ofthe switches 129 converts manual activation or deactivation into an output state applied on line 130. The state of switch 129 on line 130 is applied as an input to a conventional controller 132. Controller 132 is preferably a conventional programmable controller of any of a series of commercially available types. Each ofthe controllers 132 may conespond in structure to the controllers 108 associated with the lighting units 106. As with each ofthe controllers 108 ofthe lighting units 106, the controllers 132 each have a unique address 134 associated therewith. Each controller 132 may also include various programmable instructions and memory storage which may comprise a light control list 136 stored in writeable memory. Each ofthe switch units 128 also includes an IR sensor 138. Each ofthe IR sensors 138 may conespond in structure and function to the IR sensors 112 associated with each ofthe lighting units 106. That is, each ofthe IR sensors 138 is adapted to receive IR signals as inputs signals, and convert the same to conesponding electrical signals. The electrical signals are applied as input signals on line 140 to the conesponding controller 132. As will be described in subsequent paragraphs herein, the input IR signals to the IR sensor 138 will be received from the wand 104, and will be utilized to compile and modify the light control list 136.

As with each ofthe controllers 108 associated with the lighting units 106, the controllers 132 associated with the switch units 128 will have bi-directional communication through line 140 with the control bus 116 of the communications network 118. Each ofthe switch units 128 may be configured (in accordance with methods described in subsequent paragraphs herein) so as to control one or more ofthe lights 107 ofthe lighting units 106. The general programmable control as specifically associated with the switch units 128 and the lighting units 106 is relatively straightforward, in that each ofthe controllers 132 may include, as part ofthe light control list 136, identifications of each ofthe unique addresses 110 ofthe lighting units 106 associated with the lights 107 to be controlled.

For purposes of controlling correlation or configuration among the lighting units 106 and the switch units 128, the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and in accordance with the invention includes a wand 104 as shown in block diagram format in FIG. 2. The wand 104 may include any type of desired mechanical structure, preferably including a housing 141. Enclosed within or otherwise interconnected to the housing 141 is a conventional programmable controller 142. The programmable controller 142 may be any of a number of conventional and commercially available controllers, preferably sized and configured for convenience of use within a device such as the handheld wand 104. The wand 104 also preferably includes a trigger switch 144. The trigger switch 144 may be manually operated by the user so as to generate a state signal as an input on line 146 to the controller 142. The state signal on line 146 may be a responsive signal to activation ofthe trigger switch 144 so as to cause the controller 142 to perform particular functions desired by the user. The wand 104 also includes a mode selector module 148. The mode selector module 148 may preferably comprise a selector switching module adapted for three separate and independent inputs from the user. More specifically, the mode selector module 148 may include a SET switch 150, ADD switch 152 and REMOVE switch 154. The mode selector module 148 is adapted so as to generate and apply a state signal on line 156 as an input signal to the controller 142. The state signal on line 156 will preferably be of a unique state, dependent upon selective activation by the user of any one ofthe switches 150, 152 or 154. As with other specific elements ofthe wand 104, the mode selector module 148 may be one of any number of commercially available three switch modules, providing unique state outputs.

In response to state signals from the mode selector module 148 on line 156, and the trigger switch 144 on line 146, the controller 142 is adapted to apply activation signals on line 158, as input activation signals to an IR emitter 160. The IR emitter 160 is conventional in design and structure and adapted to transmit IR signals in response to activation signals from line 158.

In addition to controlling transmission of IR signals from the IR emitter 160, the controller 142 is also adapted to selectively generate and apply activation signals on line 162. The activation signals on line 162 are applied as signals to a visible light 164. As with the IR emitter 160, the visible light 164 may be any of a number of appropriate and commercially available lights for the purposes contemplated for use ofthe wand 104 in accordance with the invention.

In addition to the foregoing, the wand 104 may also preferably include a lens 166 spaced forward ofthe visible light 164. The lens 166 is preferably a lens which is transparent to both visible and infrared light. The lens 166 is also preferably a collimating lens for purposes of focusing the visible light 164 into a series of parallel light paths (e.g. a coUimated light beam 168). The foregoing describes the general structure of one embodiment of a switch/light conelation system in accordance with the invention. The correlation system may be characterized as conelation system 100, which comprises the lighting system 102 and the wand 104. The operation ofthe conelation system 100 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

As earlier stated, a principal concept ofthe invention is to provide a means for configuring (or reconfiguring) the communications network, so that certain ofthe switch units 128 control certain ofthe lighting units 106. For these purposes, a plurality of wands 104 may be utilized. For example, the wands 104 may be numbered W-l, W-2, W-3...W-a, where a is the total number of wands 104. An individual wand 104 may be characterized as wand W-A, where A is the particular wand number 1 through a.

As earlier described, each ofthe wands 104 may be utilized to initiate one of three commands, namely SET, ADD or REMOVE, through use ofthe mode selector module 148, and its switches 150, 152 and 154. More specifically, and as an example, the user may wish to initiate a SET command for purposes of associating one or more ofthe switches 129 with one or more ofthe lights 107. The user may first activate the SET switch 150. At the time the SET command is to be transmitted to an appropriate one ofthe lights 107 or switches 129, the trigger switch 144 is activated by the user. The controller 142 ofthe wand 104, in response to the SET command signal and the trigger switch signal, will generate appropriate electrical signals to the IR emitter 160. The IR emitter 160, in turn, will transmit IR signals representative ofthe SET command. These IR signals will be received as input signals by the respective IR sensor 112 or 138 associated with the lighting unit 106 or switch 128, respectively, to which the wand 104 is then cunently pointed.

For purposes of describing available configuration sequences for control ofthe lighting units 106 through the switch units 128, it is advantageous to number the lights 107 and switches 129. As earlier stated, the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 utilize n lights 107 and m switches 129. An individual light 107 may be characterized as light L-X, where X is an integer from 1 to n. Conespondingly, an individual switch 129 may be characterized as switch S-Y, where Y is an integer from 1 to m.

For operation in accordance with the invention, the lighting system 100 will also maintain memory of each particular command and command number for each of the wands 104. For purposes of description, each command may be referenced as C-N, where N is the sequential number ofthe command generated by a specific wand 104. For example, a command referenced herein as W-4, C-3 would reference the third command from the fourth wand 104. To fully identify a particular command, it may be designated as W-4, C-3, SET, meaning that IR signals are generated from the fourth wand 104, indicating that, in fact, the signals are from the fourth wand, they represent the third command from the fourth wand, and they are indicative of a SET command.

If the wand 104 is being "pointed" to, for example, light L-2 when the trigger switch 144 is activated, the complete "directional" command may be characterized as W-4, C-3, SET, L-2. Correspondingly, if the wand is pointed at S-4, for example, the directional command may be characterized as W-4, C-3, SET, S-4. To designate ADD and REMOVE commands, the "SET" designation would be replaced by the designation "ADD" or "REMOVE," respectively.

A specific sequential process will now be described as an embodiment in accordance with the invention to relate or correlate control between a particular one ofthe switches 129 and the lights 107. Assume that the user wishes to configure the lighting system 100 such that switch S-6 is to control light L-4. Further assume that the sixth wand 104 is being utilized by the user, and the last command transmitted by wand W-6 was the fourteenth command (e.g. C-14). Let it be further assumed that command C-14 from wand W-6 was transmitted to one ofthe switches 129. The user would first configure the mode selector module 148 for wand W-6 so as to enable the SET switch 150. The wand W-6 is than pointed to the lighting unit 106 associated with light L-4. The directional configuration ofthe wand 104 is indicated by the coUimated light beam 168. With this configuration, the user may activate the trigger switch 144 of wand W-6. To indicate transmittal ofthe command, the light 164 may preferably be "blinked" so as to indicate appropriate command transmittal. The command may be characterized as W-6, C-15, SET, L-4. The command is transmitted to light L-4 through transmittal of IR signals from the IR emitter 160 associated with wand W-6. These IR signals will be received by the IR sensor 112 associated with the lighting unit 106 for light L-4. IR signals received by the IR sensor 112 are converted to conesponding electrical signals applied to the conesponding controller 108 through line 114. These signals are then also available to the communications network 118.

Following transmittal ofthe SET command to light L-4, the user then "points" the wand W-6 to switch S-6 ofthe set of switches 129. When the wand W-6 has an appropriate directional configuration as indicated by the coUimated light beam 168, the trigger switch 144 can again be activated, thereby transmitting IR signals through the IR emitter 160 to switch S-6, indicative of a SET command. This directional command can be characterized as W-6, C-16, SET, S-6. The IR signals transmitted by the IR emitter 160 will be received by the IR sensor 138 associated with the switch unit 128 for switch S-6 ofthe set of switches 129. IR signals received by the IR sensor 138 from wand W-6 are converted to electrical signals on line 140 and applied as input signals to the conesponding controller 132. Signals indicative ofthe command are also made available to the communications network 118. When this particular command is received by switch unit 128 for switch S-6, program control via controllers 108, 132, and communications network 118 will have knowledge that the SET command sent to switch S-6 was the sixteenth command from wand W-6. Programmable processes are then undertaken to determine the particular command conesponding to the fifteenth command from wand W-6, i.e. W-6, C-15. Through the prior storage of data associated with the command W-6, C-15, a determination is made that this particular command was a SET command transmitted to light L-4. With this information, the communications network 118 is provided with sufficient data so as to configure the lighting system 100 such that switch S-6 is made to control light L-4. Following this determination with respect to command C-15 for wand W-6, a search is made for the fourteenth command (e.g. C- 14) transmitted from W-6. If it is determined that command C-14 from wand W-6 was a command transmitted to one ofthe switches 129, and not to any one ofthe lights 107, this particular sequence for configuration ofthe lighting system is then complete. Upon completion, activation of switch S-6 is made to control light L-4. The foregoing sequence is an example of where a single one ofthe switches 129 is made to control a single one ofthe lights 107. In accordance with the invention, the lighting system 100 may also be configured so as to have one of these switches 129 control two or more ofthe lights 107. To illustrate a configuration sequence for control of three ofthe lights 107 by a single one ofthe switches 129, an example similar to the foregoing example using commands from wand W-6 may be utilized. More specifically, it can be assumed that command C-12 from wand W-6 was a command directed to one ofthe switches 129. It can be further assumed that the user wishes to have switch S-6 control not only light L-4, but also lights L-7 and L-10. Using wand W-6, the user may than transmit a SET command to light L-10 as the thirteenth command from wand W-6. That is, the command will be described as W-6, C-13, SET, L-10. Directional pointing ofthe wand W-6 toward light L-10 would be in accordance with the prior description herein. After command C-13 is transmitted, a further SET command can be transmitted to L-7. This will be the fourteenth command from wand W-6, and would be indicated as W-6, C-14, SET, L-7. Following this command, the two SET commands C-15 and C-16 for light L-4 and switch S-6, respectively, can be transmitted as described in the prior example. Following the receipt of command C-16 by the switch unit 128 associated with switch S-6, the communications network 118 and the associated controllers 108, 132 would than be made to search for data indicative of command C-15 from wand W-6. Upon a determination that command C-15 was a SET command to light L-4, switch S-6 would be made to control light L-4.

A further search would than be made for command C-14 from wand W-6. Unlike the prior example, the lighting system 100 would make a determination that this particular command was a SET command to light L-7, rather than a command to a switch 129. With command C-14 being transmitted to light L-7, the communications network 118 would be configured so that switch S-6 would be made to control not only light L-4, but also light L-7. Thereafter, the lighting system 100 would be made to search for data indicative of command C- 13 from wand W-6. Upon a determination that command C-13 was a SET command to light L- 10, the switch S-6 would be further configured through the communications network 118 so as to control not only lights L-4 and L-7, but also light L-10. A search for data indicative of command C-12 from wand W-6 would then be undertaken by the communications network 118. Upon determining that this particular command was a command directed to one ofthe switches 129, the communications network 118 would determine that this particular sequential configuration is completed. Upon completion, the controller 132 ofthe switch unit 128 associated with switch S- 6 will include a light control list .136 having data indicative of switch S-6 controlling lights L-4, L-7 and L-10. Program control through the appropriate controllers and the communications network 118 will than effect this configuration, so that switch S-6 will have control of all three of the designated lights. The foregoing examples of sequential configuration in accordance with the invention have illustrated the setting of control of a single light 107 by a single switch 129, and the setting of control of three ofthe lights 107 by a single switch 129. In addition to these functions, the lighting system 100 in accordance with the invention can also operate so as to configure a "master/slave" relationship among two or more ofthe switches 129. As an example, it can be assumed that wand W-6 was utilized to transmit a series of commands C-12, C-13, C- 14, C-15 and C-16 as described in the foregoing paragraphs. It may also be assumed that the commands were exactly as described in the foregoing paragraphs in that the commands C-13 through C-16 were made to cause switch S-6 to control lights L-10, L-7 and L-4. A seventeenth command may then be generated through the use of wand W-6, with the command being a SET command and the wand W-6 being pointed at switch S-8. This command would be designated as W-6, C-17, SET, S-8. This command will be transmitted in accordance with the procedures previously described herein with respect to other SET commands. Upon receipt of IR signals by the IR sensor 138 associated with the switch unit 128 for switch S-8, the controllers and communications network 118 would than be made to search for data indicative of command C- 16 from wand W-6. The data indicative of command C-16 from wand W-6 would indicate that this particular command was a SET command to switch S-6. Accordingly, the command C-16, which was immediately prior to command C-17 from wand W-6, was a command directed to a switch, rather than a light. Upon a determination that this immediately prior command C-16 was directed to switch S-6, and a determination that command C-15 was directed to a light L-4, program control through the communications network 118 would configure the lighting system 100 so that switch S-8 will be configured by the communications network 118 as a "master" switch for control of lights L-10, L-7 and L-4, while switch S-6 is "slaved" to switch S-8. The foregoing commands from one ofthe wands 104 have been described with respect to SET commands. As earlier described, the mode selector module 148 also includes an ADD switch 152 and a REMOVE switch 154. Functionality ofthe lighting system 100 for purposes of these particular functions is similar to the functionality for the SET commands. Accordingly, relatively simple configuration sequences will be described in the subsequent paragraphs with respect to examples of use ofthe ADD and REMOVE commands. Continuing with the example of use of wand W-6, and assuming that a SET command would be the eighteenth command C-18, the mode selector module 148 may be set by the user so as to enable the ADD switch 152. Assume that the user wishes to add light L-20 to the control list for switch S-10. The user would than point the wand W-6 to light L-20, and activate the trigger switch 144 so as to transmit command W-6, C-18, ADD, L-20. Following transmittal of this command, the user may than transmit a further ADD command by pointing the wand W-6 to switch S-10. The command transmitted would be characterized as W-6, C-19, ADD, S-10. Upon receipt ofthe ADD command for switch S-10, the controllers 108, 132 and the communications network 118 would than search for data indicative of command C-18 from W-6. Data would be found indicative of command C- 18 being an ADD command transmitted to light L-20. Accordingly, the communications network 118 would be configured so as to ADD light L-20 to the list of lights 107 which are under control of switch S-10. A further search would than be made for data indicative of command C-17 from wand W-6. Upon obtaining data indicative ofthe fact that command C-17 was a SET command to switch S-6, the configuration sequence would than be considered complete. That is, light L-20 would be controlled by switch S-10. Use ofthe ADD command, instead ofthe SET command, ^■will cause light L-20 to be added to the lights 107 then cunently being controlled by switch S-10. In accordance with the foregoing description, it is apparent that if command C-17 had been an ADD command associated with a particular light, then not only light L-20, but also the light associated with command C-17 would also be added to the list of lights 107 controlled by switch S-10.

In addition to the SET and ADD commands, the user may also employ a REMOVE command. The REMOVE mode may be selected by enabling the REMOVE switch 154 ofthe mode selector module 148 associated with the particular wand 104 to be used. Functionality ofthe REMOVE command is similar to the functionality associated with use ofthe SET and JADD commands. To illustrate use ofthe REMOVE command, it can be assumed that the user wishes to REMOVE control of light L-30 by switch S-25. Using wand W-6, the user may enable the REMOVE switch 154, point the wand W-6 to light L-30, and activate the trigger switch 144. This causes transmittal ofthe command W-6, C-20, REMOVE, L-30. Upon completion, the user may then point wand W-6 to switch S-25, and again transmit a REMOVE command. This command may be characterized as command W-6, C-21, REMOVE, S-25. Upon receipt ofthe signals indicative of command C-21, the switch unit 128 associated with switch S-25 would than cause the communications network 118 to search for data indicative of command C-20 from wand W-6. Upon retrieval of data indicating that command C-20 from wand W-6 was a REMOVE command transmitted to light L-30, the communications network 118 would be reconfigured so as to REMOVE light L-30 from control by switch S-25. A further search would than be made for data indicative of command C-19 from wand W-6. Upon obtaining data indicating that command C-19 was a command directed to switch S-10, the REMOVE process would be considered complete. Through this reconfiguration, light L-30 would no longer be controlled by switch S-25. It will be apparent from the description ofthe foregoing configuration processes that control of two or more ofthe lights 107 may be REMOVED from a particular one ofthe switches 129, through processes similar to the foregoing.

The foregoing describes particular embodiments of a lighting system 100 in accordance with the invention. It will be apparent that other embodiments in accordance with the invention may be utilized, without departing from the principal concepts ofthe invention. For example, it would also be possible to have an IR emitter associated with each ofthe lighting units 106, and an IR emitter associated with each ofthe switch units 128. Conespondingly, an IR sensor could then be employed within each ofthe wands 104. With this type of configuration, each ofthe wands 104 may be utilized to receive and to transmit IR signals. Conespondingly, each ofthe switch units 128 and lighting units 106 can also be enabled to transmit IR signals. As an example of commands which can be utilized with this type of configuration, a command could be generated from a wand 104 or a switch unit 128 requesting certain ofthe lights 107 to "broadcast" their individual addresses. For purposes of undertaking such activities by a switch unit 128, various commands other than merely SET, REMOVE and ADD commands could be transmitted from each ofthe wands 104. With the foregoing types of configurations, switch units 128 may be made to directly transmit commands to lighting units 106 through spatial signals. Still further, sensors could be included within switch units 128 and the wands 104 so as to sense visible light itself. With this type of configuration, commands may be transmitted to the lighting units 106 so as to cause the lights 107 themselves to "blink" their own codes, such as their unique addresses. It is apparent that other variations of spatial signal transmission/reception may be utilized in accordance with the invention, without departing from the novel concepts thereof.

In addition to the foregoing, it is also possible in accordance with the invention to include additional features regarding "feedback" to each ofthe wands 104. That is, it may be worthwhile to include means for indicating successful reception and execution of a command. In this regard, for example, and as earlier described herein, the visible light 164 for each ofthe wands 104 may be made to "blink" when the trigger switch 144 is activated, indicating the transmission of a command. Other functionality may be included to provide feedback, such as each ofthe lights 107 which is the subject of a command from one ofthe wands 104 being made to "blink" or otherwise indicate successful reception or completion of a command. Still further, and as somewhat earlier described herein, it would also be feasible in accordance with the invention to cause a switch unit 128 and the communications network 118 to cause all ofthe lights 107 which are the subject of a series of commands to "blink" so as to further indicate successful reception and/or completion of a command sequence. Various other means of feedback to the user and to the wands 104 may be employed without departing from the novel concepts ofthe invention.

As earlier stated, the general concepts of reprogramming or configuring the control conelation in accordance with the invention does not have to be limited to switching and lighting apparatus. Numerous other functional accessories often found at workplaces may also employ the same concept set forth herein with respect to providing relatively simple and manual means of control of various functional components.

Also, other aspects of control systems in accordance with the invention may be employed. For example, various types of algorithms may be utilized with the control wands. It might be possible, for example, to utilize algorithms which do not require the need for transmitting of a wand identification number. On the other hand, it may be worthwhile to provide a wand identification number as an option, in the event someone wishes to create a "wand" prioritization hierarchy.

Still further, it would be possible to utilize algorithms whereby all ofthe wands are considered to be identical, and the system to be controlled maintains the last "state" in which it was configured. It is also possible that the system to be controlled could be integrated with a tracking/identification system, and change state based on who (or which wand) was in the room. Further, the wands could be constructed in a manner so that only certain work could be performed in a subset ofthe rooms in a building (i.e., restriction to one floor of a multi-story building). In general, various types of "logical" relationships could be utilized with the wands. Other aspects of a confrol system in accordance with the invention may be utilized. For example, each device to be controlled (e.g., light fixtures, microphones, cameras, monitors, wall sockets and the like) may be provided with standard power and data connections required by the device. In addition, each ofthe devices may be connected to a control bus. The concept of utilizing controllers and control buses is set forth in prior paragraphs herein, and also is set forth in a commonly assigned U.S. Provisional Patent Application entitled "Rail System" and filed as of even date herewith. Connection to a bus may be made via existing electrical power lines, or separate hardwired or wireless channels. AU control units would be connected to the control bus.

Each device could also be provided with at least one global unique identifier. The identifier would preferably be unique from the date of manufacture. The identifier could be broken into portions, with a first portion reflecting the manufacturer, a second portion identifying the type, family or class of device, and a third portion uniquely identifying the particular unit.

The control arrangement could commence in operation with the control unit sending a command to all devices connecting to the bus, so as to identify themselves. Each device would respond by emitting its identifier via a method consistent with its end use. For example, a speaker may emit an audio signal from which the identifier could be determined. A light may flash at the identifier. Alternatively, an IR LED on the device may be utilized to flash the identifier. This would also allow devices such as cameras and heaters, where no clear method exists, to identify themselves.

An identifier recording unit capable of receiving each of these signals and converting them to unique identifiers may then be brought into close proximity with one or more devices, each in succession. The identifier recorder reads the identifier, and then stores it in memory. In the case of devices without convenient access, it may be possible to obtain the identifying signal via a directional microphone or optics.

Once a set of identifiers is obtained, it may be provided to the control unit and assigned to a particular control. This may be achieved by any ofthe device emitting methods previously described herein, or by means of a serial cable or wireless communications protocol.

In the case of a control unit with multiple switches, the user may select the particular control to which the collected identifiers are assigned. It is preferable that the identifier recorder be capable of storing more than one set of identifiers. This would permit more than one set of devices to be mapped to more than one control in a signal pass, simplifying the process of establishing the control scheme.

Alternatively, placement of a device indicator near a device may trigger the device to transmit its identifier by means ofthe control bus to the control unit. The control unit would then record the device identifier as a "tagged" device. The control unit could then be instructed to map the tagged devices to a particular confrol. Most simply, the device indicator could be a button on each device.

An approach in accordance with the invention as described herein offers several advantageous over existing systems. Because each device identifier is unique, there is no chance of confusion between the devices. Furthermore, since complicated identifiers need not be changed within the device, remembered or recorded by the user, the system is relatively simple to use. Further, the control anangement in accordance with the invention allows the user to create a device control scheme in the physical space ofthe devices. That is, it is not necessary to design a control scheme, convert the scheme to a set of identifiers, and then program a control unit using these identifiers. Instead, the invention allows the user to program a control scheme as the user visualizes it within the workspace.

Further in accordance with the invention, the concepts set forth above may be used to readily map a control to a particular parameter (e.g., lighting intensity, sound intensity and the like) at a particular location within the workspace. In this sense, the invention provides for the direct control of locations, rather than the control of devices. In addition to use in workspaces, concepts associated with the invention may be utilized in control units associated with residential facilities, theaters, vehicle interiors and the like.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the pertinent arts that other embodiments of operating systems in accordance with the invention may be designed. That is, the principles of an operating system for configuring control among units through the use of a remote device are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. For example, and as described in previous paragraphs, various configurations of spatial signal transmitters and receivers may be utilized among the lighting units, switch units and wands. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and other variations ofthe above-described illustrative embodiments ofthe invention may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe novel concepts ofthe invention.