Microcapsules used for producing rubber and method for their production
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18 claims: 18 independent, 0 dependent
- 1Microcapsules constituées d'un noyau contenant au moins un additif de caoutchouc et au moins de deux coques en résine réactive choisie dans le groupe comprenant les résines amino telles que la résine dicyan-diamide-formaldéhyde ou la résine mélamine-formaldéhyde ou la résine phénol-formaldéhyde, dans lesquelles sur la surface des microcapsules est appliquée au moins une couche de glissement ou une couche anti-friction choisie dans le groupe des polyacrylates, polyacrylanitriles, polyéthylène-glycols, éthyl-celluloses, esters d'acides gras d'amidon et carbamates d'amidon d'isocyanates à chaîne longue ou des composés inorganiques ou organiques de bas poids moléculaire choisis dans le groupe comprenant les cires, dérivés d'acides gras, silicones, siloxanes et silicates. Microcapsules made from a core containing at least one rubber additive and at least two shells made from a reactive resin selected from the group of amino resins such as dicyandiamide formaldehyde resin or melamine formaldehyde resin or phenol formaldehyde resin, there being applied to the surface of the microcapsules at least one sliding or wearing layer selected from the group of polyacrylates, polyacrytonitriles, polyethylene glycols, ethyl celluloses, starch fatty acid esters and starch carbamates of long-chain isocyanates, or from low-molecular inorganic or organic compounds selected from the group of waxes, fatty acid derivatives, silicones, siloxanes and silicates. Mikrokapseln aus einem mindestens ein Kautschukadditiv enthaltendem Kern sowie mindestens zwei Schalen aus einem Reaktivharz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Aminoharze, wie Dicyandiamid-Formaldehydharz oder Melamin-Formaldehydharz oder Phenol-Formaldehydharz, wobei auf der Oberfläche der Mikrokapseln mindestens eine Gleit- oder Abtragsschicht ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Polyacrylate, Polyacrylnitrile, Polyethylenglykole, Ethylcellulosen, Stärke-Fettsäureester und Stärkecarbamate langkettiger Isocyanate oder aus niedermolekularen anorganischen oder organischen Verbindungen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Wachse, Fettsäurederivate, Silikone, Siloxane und Silikate, aufgebracht ist.
- 2Microcapsules as in claim 1, characterised in that the shells are stable mechanically, and up to at least 120 °C thermally. Microcapsules selon la revendication 1, caractérisées en ce que les coques sont mécaniquement stables et le sont thermiquement jusqu'à au moins 120° C. Mikrokapseln aus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalen mechanisch und bis mindestens 120 °C thermisch stabil sind.
- 3Microcapsules as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the rubber additive can be released in a controlled manner under vulcanisation conditions. Microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que l'additif de caoutchouc peut être libéré de façon contrôlée dans des conditions de vulcanisation. Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kautschukadditiv unter Vulkanisationsbedingungen kontrolliert freisetzbar ist.
- 4Microcapsules as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the rubber additive is powdered or liquid sulphur. Microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que l'additif de caoutchouc est du soufre broyé ou fluide. Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kautschukadditiv gemahlener oder flüssiger Schwefel ist.
- 5Microcapsules as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the proportion of sulphur in the microcapsules is more than 50 % by weight, preferably between 80 and 95 % by weight. Microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que la proportion de soufre des microcapsules est supérieure à 50 % en poids, de préférence, se situe entre 80 et 95 % en poids. Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwefelanteil der Mikrokapseln mehr als 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 80 und 95 Gew.-%, beträgt.
- 6Microcapsules as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the average particle diameter of the microcapsules is between 1 and 5 µm, preferably between 5 and 20 µm. Microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que le diamètre particulaire moyen des microcapsules se situe entre 1 et 50 µm, de préférence entre 5 et 20 µm. Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittlere Partikeldurchmesser der Mikrokapseln zwischen 1 und 50 µm, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 20 µm beträgt.
- 7Microcapsules as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shell has a thickness of between 30 and 100 nm. Microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que la coque présente une épaisseur entre 30 et 100 nm. Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale eine Dicke zwischen 30 und 100 nm aufweist.
- 8Microcapsules as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shell and the at least one coating together have a thickness of between 40 and 200 nm. Microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que la coque et au moins un revêtement possèdent conjointement une épaisseur entre 40 et 200 nm. Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale und die mindestens eine Beschichtung zusammen eine Dicke zwischen 40 und 200 nm besitzen.
- 9Method of producing microcapsules from a core containing at least one rubber additive, and at least two shells and at least one sliding or wearing layer as given in one of claims 1 to 8, having the following stages:a dispersing the rubber additive in a pre-polymer solution that forms the first shellb curing the microcapsules chemically, i.e. by the addition of a catalyst and / or by increasing the temperaturec precipitating the second shell from a pre-polymer solution that forms the second shelld precipitating at least one sliding or wearing layer on the surface of the microcapsules. Procédé de fabrication de microcapsules constituées d'un noyau contenant au moins un additif de caoutchouc et au moins de deux coques et d'au moins une couche de glissement ou une couche anti-friction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, avec les étapes suivantes : a) la dispersion de l'additif de caoutchouc dans une solution de prépolymère formant la première coque,b) le durcissement chimique des microcapsules, par exemple par l'addition d'un catalyseur et/ou par augmentation de la température,c) le dépôt de la deuxième coque constituée d'une solution de prépolymère formant la deuxième coque,d) le dépôt d'au moins une couche de glissement ou une couche anti-friction sur la surface des microcapsules. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrokapseln aus einem mindestens ein Kautschukadditiv enthaltenden Kern, sowie mindestens zwei Schalen und mindestens einer Gleit- oder Abtragsschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 mit folgenden Schritten;a) Dispergierung des Kautschukadditivs in einer die erste Schale bildenden Prepolymerlösung,b) Aushärten der Mikrokapseln chemisch, z.B. durch Zusatz eines Katalysators und/oder durch Temperaturerhöhung,c) Abscheidung der zweiten Schale aus einer die zweite Schale bildenden Prepolymerlösung,d) Abscheidung mindestens einer Gleit- oder Abtragsschicht auf der Oberfläche der Mikrokapseln.
- 10Method as in claim 9, characterised in that powdered or liquid sulphur is used as the rubber additive. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme additif de caoutchouc, du soufre broyé ou fluide. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kautschukadditiv gemahlener oder flüssiger Schwefel eingesetzt wird.
- 11Method as in at least one of claims 9 or 10, characterised in that, a reactive resin selected from the group of melamine formaldehyde resin or phenol formaldehyde resin is used for the polymers that form the shells. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme polymère formant les coques, une résine réactive choisie dans le groupe des mélamine-formaldéhyde ou phénol-formaldéhyde. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als die die Schalen bildenden Polymere ein Reaktivharz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Melamin-Formaldehydharz oder Phenol-Formaldehydharz eingesetzt wird.
- 12Method as in at least one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that after the curing process of stage b, the microcapsules are separated from the pre-polymer solution. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que, après le durcissement à l'étape b), les microcapsules sont séparées de la solution de prépolymère. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Aushärten in Schritt b) die Mikrokapseln von der Prepolymerlösung separiert werden.
- 13Method as in at least one of claims 9 to 12 characterised in that the polymer of the sliding or wearing layer is precipitated by means of coacervation, solvent vaporisation, salting out or spray drying. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications9 à 12 caractérisé en ce que le polymère de la couche de glissement ou de la couche anti-friction est déposé par coacervation, évaporation de solvant, relargage ou séchage par pulvérisation. verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer der Gleit- oder Abtragsschicht durch Koazervation, Lösungsmittelverdampfung, Aussalzen oder Sprühtrocknung abgeschieden wird.
- 14Method as in at least one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that the sliding or wearing layer is precipitated by spraying processes. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la couche de glissement ou la couche anti-friction est déposée par des procédés de pulvérisation. verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gleit- oder Abtragsschicht durch Sprühprozesse abgeschieden wird.
- 15Method as in at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the low-molecular inorganic or organic compounds that form the sliding or wearing layer are precipitated from organic solution or aqueous dispersion. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les composés inorganiques ou organiques de bas poids moléculaires formant la couche de glissement ou la couche anti-friction sont déposés à partie de solution organique ou de dispersion aqueuse. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Gleit- oder Abtragsschicht bildenden niedermolekularen anorganischen oder organischen Verbindungen aus organischer Lösung oder wässriger Dispersion abgeschieden werden.
- 16Method as in at least one of claims 9 to 15, characterised in that, at the precipitation process at stage d, the microcapsule is granulated by means of the second polymer and / or the low-molecular inorganic or organic compound. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les microcapsules sont granulées lors du dépôt à l'étape d) au moyen du deuxième polymère et/ou du composé inorganique ou organique de bas poids moléculaire. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrokapsel bei der Abscheidung in Schritt d) mittels des zweiten Polymers und/oder der niedermolekularen anorganischen oder organischen Verbindung granuliert wird.
- 17Method as in at least one of claims 9 to 16, characterised in that, following the precipitation process at stage d, the microcapsule is granulated by means of a granulation aid. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les microcapsules sont granulées après le dépôt à l'étape d) au moyen d'un auxiliaire de granulation. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrokapsel nach der Abscheidung in Schritt d) mittels eines Granulierhilfsmittels granuliert wird.
- 18Use of the microcapsules as in at least one of claims 1 to 8 for the rubber vulcanisation process. Utilisation des microcapsules selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, pour la vulcanisation du caoutchouc. Verwendung der Mikrokapseln nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 für die Kautschukvulkanisation.
Independent claims18
92 paragraphs, as filed
The invention relates to sulfur-containing microcapsules which release sulfur rapidly at temperatures above 150 ° C., and to a process for the production of these microcapsules with non-meltable polymeric wall materials from a reactive resin and an additional layer for improving the lubricity in highly viscous and highly abrasive polymer mixtures or for controlled polymer mixtures Removal with a grain size of 1 - 30 <i>Μ</i>M. Particle geometry and morphology can be adjusted specifically by means of polymer-specific (network density, polymer structure) and / or technological parameters of particle formation (particle size of the sulfur to be encapsulated, shear with the use of liquid sulfur, reaction conditions for wall formation). Sulfur-containing microcapsules with a complex particle wall are particularly suitable for optimized rubber vulcanization since they are stable under the conditions of preparation and storage of these rubber mixtures.
Sulfur is preferably used for the crosslinking of synthetic (diene rubbers) and natural rubbers. Before hot vulcanization, the sulfur, together with fillers and further additives at temperatures of up to 110 ° C., must be thoroughly incorporated into the masticated rubber mixture, ie mechanically and thermally degraded rubbers. At temperatures of 100 ° C., sulfur is readily soluble in the rubber mixture. However, cooling of the mixture leads to an undesirable heterogenization of the system by crystallization of the sulfur, which leads to vulcanization problems. Storing the rubber mixture at higher temperatures to avoid crystallization leads to premature crosslinking and reduction in the product quality in the rubber products.
The temporal and / or local availability of reactive or nonreactive additives for plastics, eg thermoplastics, elastomers, and duromers, can be controlled efficiently by coating or embedding in linear-chain or network-forming polymers. Such polymer-based microcomposites are known in the form of microcapsules with a core-shell structure or microscale matrix particles with a largely homogeneous distribution of the components across the particle cross-section (Ch.A.Finch, R.Bodmeier: Microencapsulation in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6<sup>Th</sup> Ed. 2001 Electronic Release). The core of microcapsules may be in solid, liquid or gaseous form (hollow spheres). In the case of matrix particles, homogeneous and heterogeneous phase systems are known.
Processes for the preparation of polymer-based microparticles by means of reactive and nonreactive particle formation processes are described in many cases. In the case of reactive particle formation , the wall or the matrix is formed parallel to a polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition process. In the nonreactive processes, film-forming polymers are directly employed which are thermodynamically prepared for phase separation and particle formation (M. Jobmann, G.Rafler: Pharm. Ind. 60 (1998) 979).
For reactive methods for the encapsulation of solid or liquid core materials, melamine-formaldehyde resins are very frequently used (DE 199 23 202), but also isocyanate / amine systems are described. Melamine-formaldehyde resins are versatile and easy to use for covering hydrophobic core materials, and they can be applied from aqueous phase for particle formation. Reactive methods require core materials which are inert to the wall-forming or matrix-forming monomers or oligomers, ie they do not react with other participating components. Except for the melamine-formaldehyde resins, these reaction methods often require long reaction times of up to 24 hours. The microcapsule size can be varied as a function of the reaction conditions, for example emulsifier addition or dispersion method, Between 10 and 150 μm. For a monomer concentration below 10% by weight and when using high-shear dispersing tools, sizes can also be achieved by 1 μm (EP 0 653 444).
In the case of the non-reactive processes, a polymer of solution is converted into a particulate form by means of dispersing, dropping or spraying processes or by processes based on the principle of liquid-liquid phase separation. Dispersing, dropping and spraying processes comprise solvent evaporation, phase separation processes are based on the principle of precipitation of the wall material, for example by adding an incompatible component to the polymer solution. The choice of a capsule method is determined by the solubility of the polymeric wall or matrix material in an organic solvent as well as the compatibility of the active substance to be encapsulated or embedded with this solvent.
The range of commercial or market-based polymer-based microcomposites in the form of microcapsules or microscale matrix particles is dominated by the "classical" applications in the transit paper, especially products from the life sciences sector. They are protective or dispensing systems for active ingredients of the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agrochemical industry or food and feed additives, which are optimized by their microcapsulation in their processing and application behavior.
However, the properties of microcrystalline two-component or multicomponent systems should also be exploited in many ways in the material area, preferably in process and material optimization. Such fields of application are, for example, the controlled release of reaction components, catalysts, initiators and stabilizers, the simplification of dosing, mixing and separating processes or the improvement of the compatibility of plastic additives. The prerequisite for the application of polymer-based microcapsules or matrix particles for process and / or material optimization is their thermal, mechanical and media stability under the respective technological process or material-type application conditions as well as the possibility of controllable release of the enveloped or embedded substances such as reactive components,
DE 197 54 342 describes sulfur particles coated with various polymer or wax materials, which release sulfur by melting or dissolving the capsule wall in the rubber mixture at temperatures of 120-140.degree. The capsules should be stable below the melting temperature of the capsule wall. The low temperature differences between stability and melting or dissolution of the capsule wall are technologically extremely difficult to control in the rubber process as a result of uncontrolled heating by friction during the mixing of the highly viscous mixtures.
Linear-chain, thermoplastically deformable polymers or waxes are generally only applicable to the microencapsulation of process aids, reaction components or property-modified additives since they are deformed, dissolved or destroyed under compounding and processing conditions of conventional polymer materials. The required melting point differences of at least 40 ° -50 ° C. can only be achieved very seldom for very low-softening polymers. Although thermally stable polymers such as polyaramides (the poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide), polyacrylonitrile, polysulfones, polyether ketones, etc. are available for the nonreactive encapsulation of process auxiliaries or material additives,
WO 99 27 012 A discloses microcapsules which differ from the microcapsules of the present application in that the structure consists of two shells of a first polymer, and in addition, no specific gliding or application layer is applied to the uppermost shell.
The object of the invention is therefore to produce microencapsulated sulfur with high mechanical stability under mastication conditions and a wall material which can be destroyed in a controlled manner in the vulcanization stage by an efficient process.
This object is achieved by the microcapsules according to the invention having the characterizing features of claim 1 as well as the method for their production according to claim 12. The further dependent claims show advantageous further developments. The use of the microcapsules according to the invention is described in claim 21.
According to the invention, microcapsules are produced from at least one core containing a rubber additive and at least one shell made from a first polymer. On the surface of the microcapsules, at least one coating of a second polymer, which differs from the first polymer and / or a low molecular weight inorganic or organic compound, is deposited as a sliding or ablation layer for reducing the adhesion.
The sulfur-containing polymer encapsulated sulfur consists of a microscale particle, the shell of which is composed of a polymer which is non-meltable under mastication conditions and at least one additional coating for reducing the adhesion friction or from a second or further shell which can be degraded mechanically during incorporation into the rubber mixture.
Preferably, the shell or the shells of the first polymer are thermally stable under mastication conditions mechanically and up to at least 120 ° C., preferably up to 140 ° C. The first polymer can also be applied for stabilization improvement in the form of at least two shells. In this case, after the encapsulation of the rubber additive with the first polymer, optionally after stripping, at least one second shell is applied from the first polymer.
The rubber additive is hereby controllable under vulcanization conditions, ie under temperature conditions of about 150 ° C.
Preferably, ground or liquid sulfur is used as the rubber additive. The sulfur content of the microcapsules is preferably more than 70% by weight, particularly preferably from 80 to 95% by weight.
The first polymer used according to the invention for forming the at least one shell is preferably a reactive resin which is selected from the group consisting of amino resins such as dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resin or melamine-formaldehyde resin or phenol-formaldehyde resin. The second polymer used for the adhesion-reducing or controllable degradation of the microcapsule is a polymer which is structurally different from the first polymer and is preferably a linear-chain polymer. The second polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylene glycols, ethylcelluloses, starch fatty acid esters and starch carbamates of long-chain isocyanates.
Another alternative for coating is to use low molecular weight organic or inorganic substances such as waxes, fatty acid derivatives, polysaccharides, silicones, siloxanes or silicates.
Particle geometry as well as particle size and their distribution are a function of the sulfur core. The average particle size is preferably between 1 and 30 μm, particularly preferably between 5 and 20 μm. For ground sulfur the particle parameters are given by the geometry, size and distribution of the powder. In the encapsulation of liquid sulfur, the particle parameters are a function of dispersing the liquid sulfur in the aqueous or organic solution of the first polymer. To avoid agglomarate formation in the capsule core, the formation of the dish can additionally be carried out under ultrasound treatment.
The thickness of the shell is preferably between 30 and 100 nm. The thickness of the shell and the coating taken together is preferably between 40 and 200 nm.
According to the invention, there is also provided a process for the production of microcapsules comprising a core containing at least one rubber additive, at least one shell of a first polymer and at least one sliding or ablation layer, comprising the following steps:<ol><li>A) First, the rubber additive is dispersed in a prepolymer solution forming a first polymer.</li><li>B) The microcapsules are cured by adding a catalyst and / or by raising the temperature.</li><li>C) Subsequently, the sliding or ablation layer is deposited on the surface of the microcapsule from a second polymer which is different from the first polymer and / or from a low molecular weight inorganic or organic compound.</li></ol>
The application of the first polymer to the rubber additive can be carried out as a batch process, quasi-continuously or continuously in known reactors and with known agitating and dispersing techniques for encapsulation processes. For stabilization improvement, the first polymer can also be applied in the form of at least two shells. In this case, it is advantageous to carry out thermal or chemical curing after encapsulating the additive with the first polymer and then to apply a second shell to the encapsulated additive. The deposition of the sliding or ablation layer can be deposited by the use of a second polymer by means of analogous equipment.
For the encapsulation with the first polymer, ground or liquid sulfur is preferably used as the rubber additive. When the second polymer is used in step c), the application of the sliding or ablation layer is carried out in dependence on the polymer structure by known methods of non-reactive encapsulation, preferably by coacervation, solvent evaporation, salting out or spray drying. Low molecular weight coating agents are preferably applied from organic solution or aqueous dispersion. A separation of the sulfur-containing microcapsules from the prepolymer solution is preferably carried out before the application of the sliding or ablation layer. However, direct further processing is also possible, preferably when spraying processes can be used.
The sliding or ablation layer can preferably be deposited by spraying processes.
According to the invention, microparticles can be granulated after application of the sliding or ablation layer by the addition of known granulation auxiliaries or also by means of the second polymer or the low molecular weight inorganic or organic compound used for the coating.
The microparticles according to the invention can be used in a synthetic or natural rubber spray-dried or vacuum-dried. Filter-dried microcapsules with a residual moisture content of 2%, as obtained after separation from organic coating solution, can be used directly.
The first information on the encapsulation efficiency and the density of the wall is obtained from blackening tests with sulfur products on copper foils as well as by extraction experiments with sulfur carbon.
Table 1 shows the density and stability of sulfur-containing microcapsules based on grinding sulfur as starting material.<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="64mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="42mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="60mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>material</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Blackening Cu foil [h]</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Maximum extractable sulfur [%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Grinding sulfur, unsealed</entry><entry align="center">immediately</entry><entry align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry>Ground sulfur, single wall made of M / F resins</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry></row><row><entry>Grinding furnace, double wall made of M / F resins</entry><entry align="center">8th</entry><entry align="center">0.1</entry></row><row><entry>Ground lubricant oiled, double wall made of M / F resins</entry><entry align="center">8th</entry><entry align="center">0.1</entry></row><row><entry>Grinding furnace, double wall made of M / F resins, thermal post-curing</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center"><i>0.1</i></entry></row><row><entry>Grinding furnace, double wall made of MIF resins, chemical post-curing</entry><entry align="center">24</entry><entry align="center"><i>0.1</i></entry></row><row><entry>Ground sulfur, double wall made of M / F resins with stearate coating</entry><entry align="center">24</entry><entry align="center">1.7</entry></row><row><entry>Ground sulfur, double wall made of M / F resins with paraffin wax coating</entry><entry align="center">24</entry><entry align="center">2.3</entry></row><row><entry>Grinding furnace, double wall made of M / F resins with acrylate coating</entry><entry align="center">26</entry><entry align="center">1.3</entry></row><row><entry>Grinding furnace, double wall made of M / F with ethylcellulose coating</entry><entry align="center">22</entry><entry align="center">0.8</entry></row><row><entry>Grinding furnace, double wall made of M / F resins, thermal post-curing, stearate coating</entry><entry align="center">32</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Table 2 shows the density and stability of sulfur-containing microcapsules based on liquid sulfur as the starting material.<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="64mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="42mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="60mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>material</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Blackening Cu foil [h]</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Maximum extractable sulfur [%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Sulfur, single wall of M / F resins</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">4.3</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall of M / F resins</entry><entry align="center">12</entry><entry align="center">0.3</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall made of M / F resins with stearate coating</entry><entry align="center">24</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall made of M / F resins with paraffin wax coating</entry><entry align="center">24</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall made of M / F resins with acrylate coating</entry><entry align="center">12</entry><entry align="center">2.1</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall made of M / F with ethylcellulose coating</entry><entry align="center">36</entry><entry align="center">Not detectable</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall of M / F resins, thermal post-curing, stearate coating</entry><entry align="center">36</entry><entry align="center">Not detectable</entry></row><row><entry>Sulfur, double wall made of M / F resins, chemical post-curing, stearate coating</entry><entry align="center"><i>38</i></entry><entry align="center"><i>0.1</i></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The invention is illustrated by the following examples, without restricting them to the embodiments.
example 1
(Monolayer capsule wall of melamine-formaldehyde resin)
96 g of finely ground sulfur, 28 g of the type PIAMID M 50 melamine-formaldehyde resin (M / F resin) and 16.8 g of citric acid in 480 ml of water are mixed with a high-performance agitator and disperser (ULTRA-TURRAX) in a stirred vessel, At 60 ° C. The wall formation is completed after 10 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer. The capsules are separated off and tested for sulfur release and stability in the rubber mixture in a filter-moist state.
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur, filter-moist: 115 g Extractable sulfur: 3.5% Stability after rubbing: 120 h
Example 2
(Double wall)
(ULTRA-TURRAX) is thoroughly mixed at 60 ° C. The wall formation is completed after 10 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer. The microcomposites are separated off and encapsulated in a similar manner with 28 g of M / F resin in the presence of 16.8 g of citric acid in 480 ml of water a second time. The capsules are separated and tested for sulfur release and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1) in a filter-moist state.
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur, filter wet: 120 g Extractable sulfur: 0.1% Stability after rubbing: 168 h
Example 3
(Double wall)
96 g of finely ground sulfur, 28 g of melamine-formaldehyde resin of the PIAMID M 50 type and 16.0 g of isophthalic acid in 480 ml of water are thoroughly mixed in a stirred vessel at 60 ° C. with a high-performance agitator and disperser (ULTRA-TURRAX). The wall formation is completed after 10 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer. The microcomposites are separated off and are encapsulated in a similar manner with 28 g of M / F resin in the presence of 16.0 g of isophthalic acid in 480 ml of water a second time. The capsules are separated and tested for sulfur release and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1) in a filter-moist state.
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur, filter wet: 120 g Extractable sulfur: 0.1% Stability after rubbing: 275 h
Example 4
(Double wall, thermal post-curing)
96 g of finely ground sulfur, 28 g of melamine-formaldehyde resin of the PIAMID M 50 type and 16.8 g of citric acid in 480 ml of water are thoroughly mixed in a stirred vessel at 60 ° C. with a high-performance agitator and disperser (ULTRA-TURRAX). The wall formation is completed after 10 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer.
The microcomposites are separated off and encapsulated in a similar manner with 28 g of M / F resin in the presence of 16.8 g of citric acid in 480 ml of water a second time.
The capsules are separated off, post-cured at 110 ° C. for 6 h and tested for sulfur dissolution and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1).
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur: 110 g Extractable sulfur: 0.1% Stability after rubbing: 360 h
Example 5
(Double wall, chemical post-curing)
96 g of finely ground sulfur, 28 g of melamine-formaldehyde resin of the PIAMID M 50 type and 16.8 g of citric acid in 480 ml of water are thoroughly mixed in a stirred vessel at 60 ° C. with a high-performance agitator and disperser (ULTRA-TURRAX). The wall formation is completed after 10 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer.
The microcomposites are separated off and encapsulated in a similar manner with 28 g of M / F resin in the presence of 16.8 g of citric acid in 480 ml of water a second time.
The capsules are separated off, post-cured in 0.1 m amidosulfonic acid at 60 ° C. for 1 h and tested for sulfur dissolution and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1).
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur, filter wet: 120 g Extractable sulfur: 0.1% Stability after rubbing: 350 h
Example 6
(Double wall)
100 g of sulfur are melted at 130 ° C. and the melt is fed rapidly to a microencapsulation batch consisting of 28 g of melamine-formaldehyde resin of the PIAMID M 50 type and 12.0 g of isophthalic acid and 480 ml of water, and is admixed with a high-performance stirrer and dispersing apparatus (ULTRA -TURRAX) at 90 ° C. The wall formation around the finely divided sulfur particles is completed after 4 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer. The microcomposites are separated off and are encapsulated in a similar manner with 28 g of M / F resin in the presence of 16.0 g of isophthalic acid in 480 ml of water a second time. The capsules are separated and tested for sulfur release and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1) in a filter-moist state.
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur, filter-moist: 125 g Extractable sulfur: not detectable Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 7
(Double wall)
100 g of sulfur are melted at 130 ° C. and the melt is fed rapidly to a microencapsulation batch consisting of 28 g of melamine-formaldehyde resin of the PIAMID M 50 type and 12.0 g of isophthalic acid and 480 ml of water, and is admixed with a high-performance stirrer and dispersing apparatus (ULTRA -TURRAX) at 90 ° C. The wall formation around the finely divided sulfur particles is completed after 4 minutes. For curing, the mixture is subsequently subjected to further condensation for 120 min with stirring with a smaller stirrer.
The microcomposites are separated off and are encapsulated in a similar manner with 28 g of M / F resin in the presence of 16.0 g of isophthalic acid in 480 ml of water a second time.
The capsules are separated and tested for sulfur release and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1) in a filter-moist state.
Yield, microencapsulated sulfur, filter-moist: 125 g Extractable sulfur: not detectable Stability after rubbing: 396 h
Example 8
(Complex capsule wall consisting of double mantle and sliding layer)
100 g of filter-moist microcomposites prepared as in Example 2, 3 or 4 with M / F resin double wall are coated with 20 g of paraffin wax dissolved in 0.5 l of gasoline at 70 ° C. The coated microcomposites are separated off at the coating temperature and air-dried.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, air dried: 104 g Extractable sulfur: 1.2% Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 9
(Complex capsule wall consisting of double mantle and sliding layer)
100 g of filter-moist microcomposites with M / F resin double wall prepared as described in Example 2, 3 or 4 are coated with 20 g of calcium stearate dissolved in 0.5 l of toluene at 90 ° C. The coated microcomposites are separated off at the coating temperature and air-dried.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, air dried: 106 g Extractable sulfur: not detectable Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 10
(Complex capsule wall consisting of double mantle and sliding layer)
300 g of filter-moist microcomposites with M / F resin double wall prepared as in Example 2, 3 or 4 are charged with 45 g of DEGALAN polyacrylate<sup>®</sup>, Dissolved in 0.5 l acetone, in a spray coater of the type GLATT.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, air dried: 310 g Extractable sulfur: 0.8% Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 11
(Complex capsule wall consisting of double mantle and sliding layer)
300 g of filter-moist microcomposites with M / F resin double wall prepared as in Example 2, 3 or 4 are microencapsulated with 45 g of ethylcellulose in cyclohexane. The polymer deposition on the sulfur-containing M / F microcapsules is effected by a controlled cooling process of the ethylcellulose soluble in hot cyclohexane.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, dry: 310 g Extractable sulfur: undetectable Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 12
50 liters of water and 7 liters of a 2N citric acid are placed in a reactor equipped with a suitable stirring technique and heated to 60.degree. 7.5 liters of melamine resin solution are metered into this dilute citric acid solution. After a precondensation time of 5 min. 10 kg of grinding sulfur are rapidly introduced under intensive mixing with a turbine stirrer. The microcomposites are separated off and encapsulated in a similar manner with 7.5 l M / F resin solution in the presence of 7 l of a 2 N citric acid in 50 l of water a second time. The capsules are separated and tested for sulfur release and stability in the rubber mixture (as described in Example 1) in a filter-moist state. 11.5 kg of the double-encapsulated sulfur particles are coated with 500 g of paraffin wax dissolved in 10 l of gasoline at 70 ° C. in a filter-moist state. The coated microcomposites are separated off at the coating temperature and air-dried.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, dry: 12.0 kg Extractable sulfur: 0.2% Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 13
Analogously to Example 7, 10 kg of sulfur are melted, double-microencapsulated with M / F resin, equipped with a paraffin wax sliding layer, separated and dried.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, dry: 12.0 kg Extractable sulfur: 0.1% Stability after rubbing: 336 h
Example 14
(Complex capsule wall consisting of double mantle and sliding layer)
100 g of microcomposites prepared as described in Example 4, 5 or 7 with a post-cured M / F resin double wall are coated with 20 g of calcium stearate, dissolved in 0.5 l of toluene, at 90 ° C. The coated microcomposites are separated off at the coating temperature and air-dried.
Yield, coated microencapsulated sulfur, air dried: 106 g Extractable sulfur: not detectable Stability after rubbing: 436 h
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
|---|---|---|
| WO9927012A | Cites | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |
| WO9927013A | Cites | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |
| CH564370A | Cites | Switzerland |
| DE19727848A | Cites | Germany |
| FR2603273A | Cites | France |
| US2623079A | Cites | United States of America |
| US4092285A | Cites | United States of America |
| US4528354A | Cites | United States of America |
| US2002065148A1 | Cites | United States of America |
23 members in 14 offices
Priority claims7
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10241942 | Germany | A | |
| 10241942 | Germany | – | |
| 0309825 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 10241942 | – | – | – |
| DE2002141942 | – | – | – |
| EP2003009825 | – | – | – |
| WO2003EP09825 | – | – | – |
Members23
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10241942A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| WO2004024313A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU2003273823A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| EP1536883A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| KR20050055720A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| BR0314190A | Brazil | A | |
| CN1681580A | China | A | |
| JP2005538231A | Japan | A | |
| RU2005108657A | Russian Federation | A | |
| US2006127668A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP1536883B1This record | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT357968T | Austria | T | |
| CN1311897C | China | C | |
| PT1536883E | Portugal | E | |
| DE50306922D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| SI1536883T1 | Slovenia | T1 | |
| ES2283813T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| RU2326727C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| AU2003273823B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| KR100895754B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| JP4500166B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US7947370B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BR0314190B1 | Brazil | B1 |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 1536883
- Publication, DOCDB
- 1536883
- Publication, EPODOC
- EP1536883
- Application
- 3757787
- Application, DOCDB
- 03757787
- Application, EPODOC
- EP20030757787
Titles3
- German
- MIKROKAPSELN FÜR DIE KAUTSCHUKHERSTELLUNG UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG
- English
- MICROCAPSULES USED FOR PRODUCING RUBBER AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
- French
- MICROCAPSULES DESTINEES A LA FABRICATION DE CAOUTCHOUC ET PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DES MICROCAPSULES
Classification
- CPC, 9
- B01J13/22
- B01J13/02
- C08K3/06
- C08K5/0025
- Y10T428/2984
- Y10T428/2985
- Y10T428/2989
- Y10T428/2991
- Y10T428/2998
- IPC, 11
- B01J13 02
- B01J13 18
- B01J13 04
- B01J13 20
- B01J13 22
- C08K3 00
- C08K3 06
- C08K5 00
- C08K9 10
- C08L21 00
- C08L101 00
Designated states27
- Contracting states, 27
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Portugal
- Romania
- Sweden
and 3 moreShow fewer
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Türkiye