Biphasic composition induced by polydextrose

0001The present invention relates to aqueous liquid cleansing compositions which are biphasic in nature. More specifically, such compositions are characterized by having (assuming they have been standing a sufficiently long period of time after shaking) both an upper aqueous layer and a separate lower aqueous layer. In the subject invention, formation of the biphasic liquids is induced by use of sufficient amount of polydextrose wherein the polydextrose is within an approximate molecular weight window. The amount of polydextrose required to induce biphasic formation can be reduced if some salt is used.

0002Biphasic liquids defined by the general fact that the liquid is divided into two phases are not new. Most of these liquids comprise both one layer which is an aqueous layer, and a second layer comprising a water immiscible oily material.

0003<patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US3718609A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 3,718,609 to Weimer</text></patcit>, for example, discloses a liquid detergent composition having an aqueous layer and a layer of liquid water immiscible oily material. When shaken, the liquid forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion.

0004Similarly, <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US3810478A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 3,810,478 to Olson Jr. et al.</text></patcit> discloses a two phase shampoo composition made by preparing substantially polar and lipophilic portions of a shampoo composition.

0005Biphasic compositions comprising an upper and lower aqueous phase are also disclosed in the art. <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US6429177B"><text>U.S. Patent No. 6 429 177 to William et al.</text></patcit>, entitled "A Separating MultiPhase Personal Wash Composition in a Transparent or Translucent Package" discloses biphasic compositions comprising: <ol id="ol0001" compact="compact"><li>(a) 5 % to 35 % surfactant;</li><li>(b) 1 % to 12 % thickener;</li><li>(c) 4 % to 20 % polyalkylene glycol; and</li><li>(d) sufficient non-chelating mineral salt to induce phase separation.</li></ol>

0006While the total amount of salt/electrolyte is not specifically discussed in the above specification, it is apparent from the examples that the amount sufficient to induce formation of biphasic layer is at least in the order of 4 %, 5 %, 6 % and greater. By contrast, in the subject invention, salt is not required at all for biphasic formation and, if used, is generally in an amount less than 3 %, preferably 2 % by wt. or less and more preferably 1% by wt. or less. As discussed in the specification below, using small amounts of salt (i.e., 0.5 % to 3 %, preferably 0.5 % to 1 %) does allow a lesser amount of polydextrose to be used to induce biphasic formation.

0007In addition, unlike the compositions in the William et al. specification, the compositions of the subject invention are induced by polydextrose, and are stable and they do not require either thickener or polyalkylene glycol as is required by the compositions of Williams.

0008<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="EP0116422A"><text>EP-A-0,116,422 to Reckitt</text></patcit> and Coliman also discloses multi-layered compositions in which two liquids are dispersible, and which separate on standing. Again, at least 6 % salt/electrolyte (e.g., sodium hexametaphosphate) are required in these compositions (see page 4, lines 17-19). The biphasic liquids of the invention are induced by polydextrose, not salt, and no salt is required, although small amounts (e.g., up to 3 %, preferably 2 % or less, more preferably 1.5 % or less, more preferably 1% or less) may be used.

0009In addition, the compositions of the subject invention are preferably used in translucent or transparent compositions (i.e., for the sensorial benefit) and such is not taught or suggested in <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="EP0116422A"><text>EP 0,116,422</text></patcit>.

0010<patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="WO0061716A"><text>WO 00/61716</text></patcit> discloses separated aqueous phases in an aqueous preparation. The preparations have at least one surfactant, one polymer and one phase separated upon addition of at least one water-soluble, monovalent or multivalent alcohol with 2-9 C-atoms.

0011Unexpectedly, the applicants have now found that biphasic liquids (e.g., liquids which separate into top and bottom aqueous liquids) may be induced merely by addition of sufficient quantity of specifically defined polydextrose.

0012More specifically, the present invention comprises liquid personal cleansing compositions comprising: <ol id="ol0002" compact="compact"><li>(1) 5 % to 75 %, preferably 6 % to 40 % by wt. of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof;</li><li>(2) at least 15 %, more preferably at least 20 % by wt. of polydextrose or mixture of polydextrose molecules, wherein the degree of polymerization (e.g., number of linking glucose units) is 4 to 22 (this corresponds to MW of 600 to 3600); and</li><li>(3) balance water and minors;</li></ol> wherein the composition comprises at least two visibly separated aqueous based layers when left sitting without shaking or stirring.

0013The present invention relates to biphasic liquid cleansing compositions wherein the formation of the biphasic liquid is induced by the addition of sufficient amount of polydextrose, wherein the degree of polymerization (defining number of linking glucose groups) is 4 to 22. This corresponds approximately to MW of 600 to 3600.

0014More specifically, the invention comprises: <ol id="ol0003" compact="compact"><li>(1) 5 % to 75 % by wt. of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric/zwitterionic, cationic surfactant and mixtures thereof;</li><li>(2) at least 15 % polydextrose, wherein the degree of polymerization (i.e., number of linking glucose units) is 4 to 22 corresponding to MW of 600 to 3600; preferably MW is 700 to 1800, more preferably 900 to 1500 and more preferably 900 to 1200; and</li><li>(3) balance water and minors;</li></ol>

0015The general concept behind the invention is that, when sufficient amount of specified polydextrose is added, phase separation occurs. For example, this is shown in the Examples wherein, when 20 % polydextrose MD180 (MW 1000) is added, separation occurs. Different surfactant systems can be used, and the specific type of surfactant is not a limiting factor.

0016The inventive compositions may be used in combination with a transparent package in order to view the liquid. Thus, in one embodiment, the invention also comprises a system comprising said transparent or translucent package in combination with the liquid.

0017Typically, once the biphasic composition is formed (e.g., the composition "settles" after having been shaken), the viscosity of the lower layer is lower than that of the upper layer.

0018Also, the density of lower layer is typically greater than that of upper layer.

0019Typically, in such biphasic liquids, there is no recrystallization visible after composition has been standing for 6 months at room temperature.

0020The final product will have shower-gel like viscosity of 100 to 5000 mPas, preferably 200 to 4000 at shear rate 10s^-1 at 25°C measured using Haake RV20 Rotovisco Rheometer.

0021In a second embodiment of the invention, a small amount of salt is used and the amount of polydextrose needed to induce biphasic liquid is reduced.

0022The various components of the composition are discussed in greater detail below.

0023The surfactant generally will comprise 5 % to 75 % by wt. of the total compositions.

0024The surfactant is a surfactant, which may be selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactant, amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof. Preferably, there will be at least one anionic surfactant.

0025Examples of anionic surfactants include sarcosinates, sulfates, isethionates, taurates, phosphates, lactylates, glutamates and mixtures thereof. Among isethionates are preferred alkoxyl isethionates such as sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate and mixtures.

0026The alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates typically have the respective formulae ROSO₃M and RO(C₂H₄O)_xSO₃M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, x is from 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and triethanolamine. Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction products of the general formula:         R₁-SO₃-M wherein R₁ is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon of radical having from 8 to 24, preferably 10 to 16, carbon atoms; and M is a cation. Still other anionic synthetic surfactants include the class designated as succinamates, olefinsulfonates having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and β-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates. Examples of these materials are sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate.

0027Other anionic materials useful herein are soaps (i.e., alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts or ammonium or triethanolamine salts) of fatty acids, typically having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. The fatty acids used in making the soaps can be obtained from natural sources such as, for instance, plant or animal-derived glycerides (e.g., palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow, lard, etc.). The fatty acids can also be synthetically prepared. Soaps are described in more detail in <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="US4557853A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 4, 557, 853</text></patcit>.

0028Other useful anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and trialkylphosphate salts.

0029Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CO₂M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine), a preferred examples of which are sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, and sodium myristoyl sarcosinate. TEA salts of sarcosinates are also useful.

0030Also useful are taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2-aminoethanesulfonic acids. Especially useful are taurates having carbon chains between C₈ and C₁₆-Examples of taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="US2658072A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 2,658,072</text></patcit>. Further non-limiting examples include ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine) salts of lauroyl methyl taurate, myristoyl methyl taurates, and cocoyl methyl taurate.

0031Also useful are lactylates, especially those having carbon chains between C₈ and C₁₆. Non-limiting examples of lactylates include ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine) salts of lauroyl lactylate, cocoyl lactylate, lauroyl lactylate, and caproyl lactylate.

0032Also useful herein as anionic surfactants are alkylamino carboxylates such as glutamates, especially those having carbon chains between C₈ and C₁₆. Non-limiting examples of glutamates include ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine) salts of lauroyl glutamate, myristoyl glutamate, and cocoyl glutamate.

0033Non-limiting examples of preferred anionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium trideceth sulfate, ammonium cetyl sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl lactylate, triethanolamine lauroyl lactylate, sodium caproyl lactylate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl methyl taurate, sodium cocoyl methyl taurate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium myristoyl glutamate, and sodium cocoyl glutamate and mixtures therefor.

0034Especially preferred for use herein is ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl lactate, and triethanolamine lauroyl lactylates.

0035Non-limiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in <nplcit id="ncit0001" npl-type="b"><text>McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition (1986), published by allured Published Corporation</text></nplcit>; and <nplcit id="ncit0002" npl-type="b"><text>McCutcheon's, Functional materials, North American Edition (1992</text></nplcit>).

0036Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected form the group consisting of alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, alcohol ethoxylates, lathering sucrose esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.

0037Alkyl glucosides and alkylipolyglucosides are useful herein, and can be broadly defined as condensation articles of long chain alcohols, e.g., C8-30 alcohols, with sugars or starches or sugar or starch polymers i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides. These compounds can be represented by the formula (S)_n-O-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose; is an integer of from 1 to 1000, and R is a C8-30 alkyl group. Examples of long chain alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and the like.

0038Preferred examples of these surfactants include those wherein S is a glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 1 to 9. Commercially available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available as APG 325 CS from Henkel) and lauryl polyglucoside (available as APG 600 CS and 625 CS from Henkel). Also useful are sucrose ester surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate.

0039Other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants, more specific examples of which include glucosamides, corresponding to the structural formula: <chemistry id="chem0001" num="0001"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0001.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl,R² is C₅-C₃₁ alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C₇-C₁₉ alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably C₉-C₁₇ alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably C₁₁-C₁₅ alkyl or alkenyl; and Z is a polyhydroxy hydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyl directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof.

0040As especially preferred surfactant corresponding to the above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the R² CO-moiety is derived form coconut oil fatty acids). Processes for making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for example, in <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="GB809060A"><text>GB Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, by Thomas Hedley</text></patcit> &amp; Co., Ltd.; <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="US2965576A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 2,965,576, to E.R. Wilson, issued December 20, 1960</text></patcit>; <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="US2703798A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 2,703,798 to A. M. Schwartz, issued March 8, 1955</text></patcit>; and <patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="US1985424A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 1,985,424, to Piggott, issued December 25, 1934</text></patcit>.

0041Other examples of nonionic surfactants include amine oxides. Amine oxides correspond to the general formula R₁R₂R₃NO, wherein R₁ contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyl alkyl radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to 10 ethylene oxide moieties, and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety, and R₂ and R₃ contain from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl radicals.

0042Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyldodecylamine oxide, oleyldi (2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine oxide, dimethyl-tetradecylamine oxide, 3, 6, 9-trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, diemethylhexadecyclamine oxide.

0043Non-limiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are those selected form the group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.

0044The term "amphoteric lathering surfactant," as used herein, is also intended to encompass zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the art as a subset of amphoteric surfactants.

0045A wide variety of amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Particularly useful are those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in a cationic state, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the radicals contains an ionizable water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.

0046Non-limiting examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in <nplcit id="ncit0003" npl-type="b"><text>McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition (1986), published by Allured Publishing Corporation</text></nplcit>; and <nplcit id="ncit0004" npl-type="b"><text>McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (1992</text></nplcit>).

0047Non-limiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates, iminodialkanoates, aminoalkanoates, and mixtures thereof.

0048Examples of betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonaine 16SP from Lonza Corp.), lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH₂)3 radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine),oleyl betaine (available as amphoteric Velvetex OLB-50 from Henkel), and cocamidopropyl betaine (available as Velvetex BK-35 and BA-35 from Henkel).

0049Example of sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).

0050Preferred for use herein are amphoteric surfactants having the following structure: <chemistry id="chem0002" num="0002"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0002.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹ is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl having from 9 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferred R¹ has from 11 to 18 carbon atoms; more preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still from 14 to 18 carbon atoms; m is an integer from 1 to 3, more preferably from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3; n is either 0 or 1, preferably 1; R² and R³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or mono-substituted with hydroxy, preferred R² and R³ are CH₃; is selected form the group consisting of CO₂, SO₃ and SO₄; R⁴ is selected form the group consisting of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl, unsubstituted or mono-substituted with hydroxy, having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. When X is CO₂, R⁴ preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom. When X is SO₃ or SO4 R⁴ preferably has from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms.

0051Examples of amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the following compounds: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl betaine); <chemistry id="chem0003" num="0003"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0003.tif" /></chemistry></li><li>Cocamidopropylbetaine <chemistry id="chem0004" num="0004"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0004.tif" /></chemistry></li><li>Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine wherein R has from 9 to 13 carbon atoms <chemistry id="chem0005" num="0005"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0005.tif" /></chemistry></li><li>wherein R has from 9 to 13 carbon atoms.</li></ul>

0052Cationic surfactants are another useful class of surfactants that can be employed as auxiliary agents. They are particularly useful as additives to enhance skin feel, and provide skin conditioning benefits. One class of cationic surfactants is heterocyclic ammonium salts such as cetyl or stearyl pyridinium chloride, alkyl amidoethyl pyrrylinodium methyl sulfate, lapyrium chloride.

0053Tetra alkyl ammonium salts is another useful class of cationic surfactants. Examples include cetyl or stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; hydrogenated palm or tallow trimethylammonium halides; behenyl trimethyl ammonium halides or methyl sulfates; decyl isononyl dimethyl ammonium halides; ditallow (or distearyl) dimethyl ammonium halides; behenyl dimethy ammonium chloride.

0054Other types of cationic surfactants that can be employed are the various ethoxylated quaternary amines and ester quats. Examples are PEG-5 stearyl ammonium lactate (e.g., Genamin KSL manufactured by Clarion), PEG-2 coco ammonium chloride, PEG-15 hydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride, PEG 15 stearyl ammonium chloride, dialmitoyl ethyl methyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate, strearyl amidopropyl dimethylamine lactate.

0055Still other useful cationic surfactants are quaternized hydrolysates of silk, wheat, and keratin proteins.

0056The compound which added to the formulation induces formation of biphasic (multiphasic) liquid is polydextrose. Generally, the polydextrose has a formulation as follows: <chemistry id="chem0006" num="0006"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0006.tif" /></chemistry> wherein n (defining number of linking glucose units) is from 4 to 22.

0057The biphasic inducing polydextrose compounds of the invention may also be defined by molecular weight in that they should have MW range of from 600 to 3600, more preferably 700 to 3000, more preferably 700 to 1800, more preferably 900 to 1500.

0058Whether defined by glucose units or MW, it should be understood that the critical point is that the structure is such as to induce formation of a multiphasic/biphasic formulation defined by those characteristics which in turn define the biphasic liquid (e.g., viscosity of and stability in the biphasic state).

0059The amount of polydextrose used to induce biphasic state may vary depending on whether salt/electrolyte is used.

0060Thus, for example, if no salt is used (use of no or little salt also distinguishes this invention from other biphasic liquids of the art where relatively large amounts of salt, e.g., greater than 3 % by wt., are in fact required to induce the biphasic liquid), then there is needed at least 15 % by wt. of polydextrose to induce biphasic separation.

0061There is also generally a balance between amount of surfactant used, and amount of polydextrose. Generally lower surfactant requires more polydextrose and, conversely, more surfactant requires less polydextrose. Thus, for example, 5 % to 10 % by wt. surfactant may require 40 % or more polydextrose, and 35 % surfactant may need only 10-15 % polydextrose, even in the absence of salt.

0062Generally, the upper limit of polydextrose used is 75 %. This is not an upper limit with regard to inducing biphasic liquid.

0063If electrolyte/salt is used, it typically will be used in amount of 0.5 % to no higher than 4 %, preferably no higher than 3 % by wt. of total composition.

0064Preferably, the electrolyte is not a chelating electrolyte (these are generally poor in biodegradabllity).

0065Typically, the electrolyte should be a salt of a sulphate, bisulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, chloride, etc. Examples include sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, sodium chloride, and magnesium chloride.

0066Magnesium sulphate and sodium chloride are particularly preferred.

0067Finally, the balance of composition is water and minors.

0068The following optional ingredients may be used in the multiphasic/biphasic compositions of the invention.

0069The composition may contain polyalkylene glycol. The polyalkylene glycol should be an alcohol, glycol or polyether of minimal molecular weight which is not irritating to the skin.

0070Examples of such include alcohols, particularly polyalkylene oxides having MW 200-6000, preferably 200 to 3000. The polyalkylene glycol can be comprised of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or their mixtures either as polymers or copolymers. Specific examples include polyethylene glycols such as PEG 400. As noted, use of such alcohols is not required.

0071The composition may further comprise thickeners. Generally, the thickener/viscosity modifier serves to thicken the upper and/or lower layer.

0072Thickeners which may be used include hydrophobically modified polyethers. Examples of this class of thickeners which may be used include but are not limited to sugar esters such as PEG (160) sorbitan triisostearate (Rheodol TWS -399C ex. Kao Chemicals) or PEG-120 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate ex. Croda. Other examples include Glucam DOE 120 (PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate); Rewoderm^® (PEG modified glyceryl cocoate, palmate or tallowate) from Rewo Chemicals; Antil^® 141 (from Goldschmidt); and Carbopol^® polymers from Noveon.

0073Another class of suitable polymers are hydrophobically modified cellulose ethers including but not limited to hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and cellulose ethers with long pendant chains such as nonoxynyl hydroxyethylcellulose (Amerchol Polymer HM 1500).

0074Another class of suitable polymers are the hydrophobically modified acrylate copolymers such as Antil 208 ^® (ex Goldschmidt) (acrylate/steareth-50 acrylate copolymer).

0075Another class of suitable polymers are the hydrophobically modified polyurethanes such as Acrysol series (e.g., Acrysol RM-2020) from Rhom and Haas.

0076Another class of suitable thickeners are xanthan gums, guar gums and chemically modified guar gums.

0077In addition to the ingredients noted above, the compositions of the invention may contain hydrotropes including but not limited to short chain monohydric or dihydric alcohols, xylene sulphonate and hexylene glycol. The purpose of these is to avoid the formation of liquid crystal phases resulting from the separation of the surfactant material into the upper phase, hence increasing its apparent concentration.

0078The compositions may comprise benefit agents. Benefit agent may be any material that has potential to provide an effect on, for example, the skin.

0079The benefit agent may be water insoluble material that can protect, moisturize or condition the skin upon deposition from compositions of invention. These may include silicon oils and gums, fats and oils, waxes, hydrocarbons (e.g., petrolatum), higher fatty acids and esters, vitamins, sunscreens. They may include any of the agents, for example, mentioned at column 8, line 31 to column 9, line 13 of <patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="US5759969A"><text>U.S. Patent No. 5,759,969</text></patcit>.

0080The benefit agent may also be a water-soluble material such as glycerin, polyols (e.g., saccharides), enzyme and α-Or β-hydroxy acid, either alone or entrapped in an oily benefit agent.

0081The benefit agent may be found in either the upper or the lower layer, depending on its solubility and partition coefficient; for example, oil may partition into the upper layer while more water soluble agents (e.g., α-hydroxyacids) may go into the lower.

0082The compositions may comprise perfumes, sequestering agents such as EDTA or EHDP in amounts 0.01 % to 1 %, preferably 0.01 % to 0.05 %; coloring agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO2, mica, EGMS (ethylene glycol monostrearate) or styrene/acrylate copolymers.

0083The compositions may further comprise antimicrobials such as 2-hydroxy 4,2'4' trichlorodiphenylether (DP300), 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, essential oils and preservatives such as dimethyl hydantoin (Glydant XL 1000), parabens, sorbic acid etc.

0084The compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono or diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may also be used to advantage.

0085Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) may be used advantageously in amounts of 0.01 % or higher if appropriate.

0086Cationic conditioners which may be used including Quatrisoft LM-200 Polyquaternium-24, Merquat Plus 3330- Polyquaternium 39; and Jaguar® type conditioners.

0087Composition may also include clays such as Bentonite® clays as well as particulates such as abrasives, glitter, and shimmer.

0088The compositions of the invention, when unmixed, typically have a viscosity of the lower layer which is lower than the viscosity of the upper layer, and a density of the lower layer which is greater than the density of the upper layer.

0089The compositions of the invention, in a separated state, are also stable in that no recrystallization (e.g., in the lower layer) occurs even when left sitting for more than 6 months at temperature of 0°C.

0090Compositions of the invention have an experiential element in that they are intended to be agitated by the consumer to mix and form a single visible phase before separating again after a time, which can be anywhere from a few seconds to not more than 24 hours.

0091When mixed, the compositions typically have a viscosity in the range of 100 to 5000, preferably 200-400 mPas at a shear rate of 10s^-1 at 25°C at a shear rate of 10s^-1 at 25°C, as measured by using Haake RV20 Rotivisco Rheometer.

0092Finally, the packages in which the compositions are contained are preferably translucent or transparent. By this is meant that the materials (e.g., plastics) have a light transmittance of greater than 50 %, preferably greater than 75 %, more preferably greater than 85 % as measured at wavelength of 460 nm as determined by standard spectroscopy method, In practical terms the package should preferably be sufficiently transparent to permit the separation of the two or more layers to be visible to the naked eye.

0093Where used in the specification, the term "comprising" is intended to include the presence of stated features, integers, steps, components, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.

0094The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

0095Unless indicated otherwise, all percentages are intended to be percentages by weight.

Methodology

Measurement of Viscosity

Description

0096A Haake Rheometer was used to measure the viscosities of liquid and semi-solid personal wash products in the small scale with the viscosity measured at various shear rates.

Equipment

0097The instrument was an RV 20 Rotovisco RC 20 rheometer which includes a stand and sample temperature control unit, cups and bobs for loading the sample, a waterbath which is maintained at 25°C and a computer and plotter to manipulate and record the data.

Operational Procedure

0098The Haake rheometer, computer, monitor and printer were turned on.

0099Water bath: The water bath was filled with water to a required level, the appropriate temperature was set and water bath was turned on.

0100Measurement Systems: The sample was loaded into rheometer and equilibrated to 25°C. <ol id="ol0004" compact="compact"><li>a) the appropriate cup and bob for the product are selected as noted below. <ol id="ol0005" compact="compact"><li>i) NV for viscosity measurements of low viscous products, e.g. diluted solutions, fruit juices, etc;</li><li>ii) SV1 for viscosity measurements of high viscosity liquids working in the low to medium range which consists of a SV cup with a rotor(bob). This is the cup and bob that is typically used to measure shower gel products;</li></ol></li><li>b) the rotor(bob) was secured on to the top segment of the measuring system;</li><li>c) the RV 20 rheometer was adjusted using the zero button;</li><li>d) the sample was poured into the cup until almost three quarters filled (approx. 20 g), and then the cup was carefully slid through the temperature controller and screwed to the main segment of the rheometer so that it was immersed in the product and sample was slightly above the rim of the bob;</li><li>e) waited 5 to 10 minutes after loading the sample to ensure equilibration of sample to set temperature (set parameters on computer while waiting for temperature equilibration).</li></ol>

Computer

0101<ol id="ol0006" compact="compact"><li>a) a floppy disc was inserted and previous standard file was loaded if one is already saved on disc. If not, the following details were loaded into the computer: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>i) measurement: select SV1, NV1, SV2P depending on the spindle used;</li><li>ii) select four segments for four shear rates, 1, 10, 100, 400 at 25°C and in 10 steps;</li></ul></li><li>b) on the computer screen follow the steps below to load the above details: <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>measurement - identification (record details of the sample);</li><li>measurement - parameter - select SV1;</li><li>measurement - go immediately (after sample is equilibrated) ;</li></ul></li><li>c) this starts the measurement which takes about 10 minutes;</li><li>d) once the measurement was completed, results were saved on floppy disk; results were either printed or set as graphical representation.</li></ol>

Results

0102The results were recorded as viscosity in mPas (cps) at the shear rates: 1/sec, 10/sec and 100/sec. The temperature and spindle (bob) size were recorded with each sample measurement.

Materials &amp; Methods

Materials

0103<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title>Table 1: Raw Materials</title><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="47mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="66mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Trade Name</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Structure</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Na-Laureth Ether Sulfate</entry><entry>Steol CS-230</entry><entry align="center">--</entry></row><row><entry>Coco Amido Propyl Betaine</entry><entry>Tegobetaine F-50</entry><entry align="center">--</entry></row><row><entry>Almeo Blend</entry><entry>Almeo Blend</entry><entry align="center">--</entry></row><row><entry>Sorbitol</entry><entry>Sorbitol</entry><entry align="center"><chemistry id="chem0007" num="0007"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0007.tif" /></chemistry></entry></row><row><entry>Sucrose</entry><entry>Sucrose</entry><entry align="center"><chemistry id="chem0008" num="0008"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0008.tif" /></chemistry></entry></row><row><entry>Glucose</entry><entry>Glucose</entry><entry align="center"><chemistry id="chem0009" num="0009"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0009.tif" /></chemistry></entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose (Av. MW= 3600)</entry><entry>Maltrine M40</entry><entry morerows="3" align="center" valign="middle"><chemistry id="chem0010" num="0010"><img file="EP1529097B1_D0010.tif" /></chemistry></entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose (Av. MW= 1800)</entry><entry>Maltrine M 100</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose (Av. MW= 1000)</entry><entry>Maltrine M180</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose (Av. MW= 720)</entry><entry>Maltrine M250</entry></row><row><entry>Magnesium Sulfate</entry><entry>Mg*SO4</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Formulation Preparation

0104A simple surfactant solution was prepared at 5 wt.% to 35.0 wt.% without any saccharides. Then saccharides were added to desired level. After adding saccharides, sample was heated for 1 hour at 60°C to dissolve any solid materials, then allowed to cool to room temperature. Once sample reached equilibrium at room temperature, it was mixed by shaking and observation are made.

Viscosity &amp; Product Appearance

0105Formulations were screened for viscosity using standard PW protocols as set forth in methodology section above. The formulations were observed for any discoloration and recrystallisation of saccharides at room temperature.

Examples

Examples 1-6 and Comparative 1-4

0106Polydextrose (i.e., Polydextrose M180) was examined for its ability to promote the formation of biphasic shower gel formulations, compared to sucrose, sorbitol and glucose. Results are set forth in Table 2 and 3 below. <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title>Table 2: Sucrose, Sorbitol, Glucose and Polydextrose Comparison</title><tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="43mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="25mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Comparative 1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Comparative 2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Comparative 3</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 2</entry></row><row><entry valign="top">Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Na-Laureth Ether Sulfate</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">10,0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">8.3</entry></row><row><entry>CocoAmido Propyl Betaine</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">8.3</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Sucrose</entry><entry align="center">10-50</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Sorbitol</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10-50</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Glucose</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10-50</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M180 (avg MW=1000)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">40.0</entry><entry align="center">33.3</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>MugSO4</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>NaCl</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>PEG-400</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Water</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Biphasic</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">Yes, Slight</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 80:20</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0107As seen from Table 2, when 15-16% surfactant is used (SLES/CAPB), only the polydextrose was able to promote phase separation in the absence of salt (Example 1 and 2)

0108In Table 3, shown below, the applicants test for the effect of salt (e.g., MgSO₄) as well as for the effect of surfactant level versus amount of polydextrose needed. <tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title>Table 3</title><tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="38mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="31mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="25mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Comparative 4</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 3</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 4</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 5</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 6</entry></row><row><entry valign="top">Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredient,</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Na-Laureth Ether Sulfate</entry><entry align="center">8.3-11.5</entry><entry align="center">8.3-11.5</entry><entry align="center">8.3</entry><entry align="center">3.3</entry><entry align="center">23.3</entry></row><row><entry>CocoAmido Propyl Betaine</entry><entry align="center">8.3-11.5</entry><entry align="center">8.3-11.5</entry><entry align="center">8.2</entry><entry align="center">1.7</entry><entry align="center">11-7</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Polydextrose MO40.(avg MW=3600)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M100 (avg MW=1800)</entry><entry align="center">23.0-35.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M 180 (avg MW=1000)</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">23-0-35.0</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">60.0</entry><entry align="center">15.0</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M250 (avg Mew=720)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>MgSO4</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1.0-3.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>NaCl</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>PEG-400</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Water</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">a.s to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q-S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q,S ta 100</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Blphasic</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 60:40</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 80:20 to 50:50</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 90:10</entry><entry align="center">Yes. 90:10</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0109This table also shows various points. First, the table shows that the polydextrose level can be lowered without increasing surfactant level, if small amounts of salt (e.g., MgSO₄) are used (see Example 4). Also, Table 3 shows that higher levels of polydextrose permit much lower levels of surfactant (Example 5) and, conversely, high levels of surfactant permit use of lower levels of polydextrose (Example 6). One other interesting point is that polydextrose M100 does not appear to form biphasic. However, as seen in Table 3 below, when salt is added, biphasic is formed, even at lower surfactant levels.

Examples 7-12 and Comparative 5

0110Different surfactant systems are also able to produce biphasic formulations when combined with the proper levels of polydextrose and salt. As with SLES/CAPB, the blend of ammonium laurylether sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and cocoylmonoethanolamide will also promote phase separation (See Table 4 below). Examples 7-9 and Comparative 5 compare polydextrose M180 with and without salt in the surfactant mix. No phase separation is achieved with 25 % polydextrose M180 alone (Comparative 5), but phase separation can be achieved with incorporation of low levels of NgSO₄ or NaCl (Formulations 7-9).

0111Also, the addition of low levels of salt promote phase separation with other polydextrose. Similar biphasic formulations can be produced with polydextrose M250 (Example 10), polydextrose M100 (Example 11) and polydextose M040, although the lower layer is turbid in these three formulations (Table 3 below). By using low levels of salt, a number of different polydextrose materials with different molecular weights and varying numbers of glucose units can be used to promote the formation of biphasic surfactant formulations. <tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><title>Table 4: Surfactant Blend</title><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="70mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="25mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Comparatives 5</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 7</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 8</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 9</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 10</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 11*</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 12*</entry></row><row><entry valign="top">Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Na-Laureth Ether Sulfate</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>CocoAmido Propyl Betaine</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry></row><row><entry>Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate; Ammonium Laurylether Sulfate; Cocomonoethanalamide</entry><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M040 (avg. MW=3600)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M100 (avg Mew=1800)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>PolydexYose M180 (avg MW=1000)</entry><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M250 (avg MW=720)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>MgSO4</entry><entry align="center">0.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>NaCl</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry></row><row><entry>PEC-400</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Water</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q,S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S. to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S. to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S. to 100</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Biphasic</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 60:40</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 60:40</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 80:20</entry><entry align="center">Yeas,50:50</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 80:20</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 40_:60</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="8" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="70mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="25mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="justify">*Reference examples</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0112Examples 13 and 14 below are similar to Examples 11 and 12 except they use 5 % salt instead of 3 %. <tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="117mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 13*</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Example 14*</entry></row><row><entry valign="top">Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Ingredients</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Na-Laureth Ether Sulfate</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>CocoAmido Propyl Betaine</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry></row><row><entry>Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate; Ammonium Laurylether Sulfate; Cocomonoethanolamide</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Sucrose</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Sorbitol</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Glucode</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M040 (avg. MW=3600)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M100 (avg MW=1800)</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M180 (avg MW=1000)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>Polydextrose M250 (avg MW=720)</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>MgSO4</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry>NaCl</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry></row><row><entry>PEG-400</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Water</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry><entry align="center">Q.S to 100</entry></row><row><entry /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Biphasic</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 50:50</entry><entry align="center">Yes, 70:30</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="117mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="justify">*Reference examples</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 15

0113Table 5 below shows a variety of formulation parameters that lead to biphasic product formulations as indicated in the Table below. <tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><title>Table 5: Formulations parameters that lead to Biphasic product formations as indicated in the phase separation column.</title><tgroup cols="9"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="14mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">% Total Surfactant</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">%MD 180</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% MgSO4</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">%Water</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Phase Separation</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Top (cm)</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Bottom (cm)</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Top Layer</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">15.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">1.00</entry><entry align="center">74.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">0.95</entry><entry align="center">70.45</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13.6</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">0.91</entry><entry align="center">67.29</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">0.87</entry><entry align="center">64.43</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">1.00</entry><entry align="center">69.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">19.0</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">0.95</entry><entry align="center">65.75</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">0.91</entry><entry align="center">62.69</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">17.4</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">0.87</entry><entry align="center">60.03</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">1.00</entry><entry align="center">64.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">23.8</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">0.95</entry><entry align="center">60.95</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">87.5</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">22.7</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">0.91</entry><entry align="center">58.19</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">87.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">0.87</entry><entry align="center">55.73</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.4</entry><entry align="center">0.6</entry><entry align="center">85.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">15.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">2.00</entry><entry align="center">73.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">1.90</entry><entry align="center">69.5</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13.6</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">1.82</entry><entry align="center">66.38</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.4</entry><entry align="center">0.6</entry><entry align="center">85.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">1.74</entry><entry align="center">63.56</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.1</entry><entry align="center">1.9</entry><entry align="center">52.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">2.00</entry><entry align="center">68.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">19.0</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">1.90</entry><entry align="center">64.8</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">1.82</entry><entry align="center">61.78</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">17.4</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">1.74</entry><entry align="center">59.16</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.7</entry><entry align="center">1.3</entry><entry align="center">67-5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">2.00</entry><entry align="center">63.0</entry><entry align="center">Yes</entry><entry align="center">3.7</entry><entry align="center">0.3</entry><entry align="center">92.5</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">23.8</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">1.90</entry><entry align="center">60.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">22.7</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">1.82</entry><entry align="center">57.28</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.6</entry><entry align="center">0.4</entry><entry align="center">90.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">1.74</entry><entry align="center">54.86</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">15.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">3.00</entry><entry align="center">72.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">87.5</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">2.86</entry><entry align="center">68.54</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13.6</entry><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">2.73</entry><entry align="center">65.47</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.2</entry><entry align="center">1.8</entry><entry align="center">55.0</entry><entry /></row><row><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">2.61</entry><entry align="center">62.69</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">1.8</entry><entry align="center">2.2</entry><entry align="center">45.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">3.00</entry><entry align="center">67.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">87.5</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">19.0</entry><entry align="center">14.29</entry><entry align="center">2.86</entry><entry align="center">63.85</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.9</entry><entry align="center">1.1</entry><entry align="center">72.5</entry><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">18.18</entry><entry align="center">2.73</entry><entry align="center">60.89</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.3</entry><entry align="center">0.7</entry><entry align="center">82.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">17.4</entry><entry align="center">21.74</entry><entry align="center">2.61</entry><entry align="center">58.25</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.2</entry><entry align="center">1.8</entry><entry align="center">55.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">3.00</entry><entry align="center">62.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">23.8</entry><entry align="center">14.29</entry><entry align="center">2.86</entry><entry align="center">59.05</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">22.7</entry><entry align="center">18.18</entry><entry align="center">2.73</entry><entry align="center">56.39</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.2</entry><entry align="center">1.4</entry><entry align="center">61.1</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">21.74</entry><entry align="center">2.61</entry><entry align="center">53.95</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">15.0</entry><entry align="center">0.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">85.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13.6</entry><entry align="center">9.09</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">77.31</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13.0</entry><entry align="center">13.04</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">73.96</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">12.5</entry><entry align="center">16.67</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">70.83</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">12.0</entry><entry align="center">20.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">68.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">10.7</entry><entry align="center">28.57</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">60.73</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">0.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">80.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">9.09</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">72.71</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">17.4</entry><entry align="center">13.04</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">69.56</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">16.7</entry><entry align="center">16.67</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">68.63</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">16.0</entry><entry align="center">20.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">64.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">87.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">28.57</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">57.13</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.1</entry><entry align="center">0.9</entry><entry align="center">77.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">13.8</entry><entry align="center">31.03</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">55.17</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.1</entry><entry align="center">0.9</entry><entry align="center">77.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">13.3</entry><entry align="center">33.33</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">53.4</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.1</entry><entry align="center">0.9</entry><entry align="center">77.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">12.5</entry><entry align="center">37.50</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">50.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">11.8</entry><entry align="center">41.18</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">47.02</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">0.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">22.7</entry><entry align="center">9.09</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">68.21</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">21.7</entry><entry align="center">13.04</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">65.26</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">20.8</entry><entry align="center">16.67</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">62.53</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">20.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">0.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.6</entry><entry align="center">0.4</entry><entry align="center">90.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">19.2</entry><entry align="center">23.08</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">57.72</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.2</entry><entry align="center">0.8</entry><entry align="center">80.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">0.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">27.3</entry><entry align="center">9.09</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">63.61</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">26.1</entry><entry align="center">13.04</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">60.86</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">16.67</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">58.33</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">24.0</entry><entry align="center">20.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">56.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.2</entry><entry align="center">0.8</entry><entry align="center">80.0</entry><entry /></row><row><entry align="center">23.1</entry><entry align="center">23.08</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">53.82</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.2</entry><entry align="center">0.8</entry><entry align="center">80.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">22.2</entry><entry align="center">25.93</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">51.87</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">21.4</entry><entry align="center">28.57</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">50.03</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">33.33</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">46.67</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">18.8</entry><entry align="center">37.50</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">43.7</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">17.6</entry><entry align="center">41.18</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">41.22</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">30.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">60.0</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">9.5</entry><entry align="center">33.33</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">57,17</entry><entry align="center">NO</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry rowsep="0">*</entry></row><row><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">30.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">50.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">19.0</entry><entry align="center">33.33</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">47.67</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">18.2</entry><entry align="center">36.36</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">45.44</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">17.4</entry><entry align="center">39.13</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">43.47</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">16.7</entry><entry align="center">41.67</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">41.63</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.4</entry><entry align="center">1.6</entry><entry align="center">60.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">15.4</entry><entry align="center">46.15</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">38.45</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.4</entry><entry align="center">1.6</entry><entry align="center">60.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">14.3</entry><entry align="center">50.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">35.7</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.5</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">62.5</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">20.00</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">50.0</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">28.6</entry><entry align="center">23.81</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">47.59</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">75.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">27.3</entry><entry align="center">27.27</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">45.43</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry rowsep="0" /></row><row><entry align="center">26.1</entry><entry align="center">30.43</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">43.47</entry><entry align="center">YES</entry><entry align="center">2.8</entry><entry align="center">1.2</entry><entry align="center">70.0</entry><entry /></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="9" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="14mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col9" align="justify">* Reference examples</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>