Wood-Concrete composite system comprising wooden construction elements, intermediate layers and concrete construction elements

0001The invention relates to timber-concrete composite systems consisting of wooden parts Interlayers and concrete components according to the features of the preamble of Claim 1 consist.

0002The patent application DE 44 06 433 C2 wood is known by glued moldings with other materials of any kind positively bond. The known Connecting element is a planar flat body in the form of a steel sheet formed, which is secured in an inserted in timber slot so that it protrudes over part of its area from the wood. The protruding part of The connecting element is used for connection with a further material.

0003German patent document DE 198 08 208 A1 is known timber by glued Moldings with concrete positively bond. The known connecting element is formed as a flat planar body in the form of a steel sheet in an in Wood introduced slot is so bonded that a portion of its surface protrudes from the timber. has the projecting part of the connecting element Anchor tongues on which anchor themselves in the poured-concrete.

0004German patent document DE 198 18 525 A1 is a timber-concrete composite element is known, which of a plurality of the assembled boards, which in turn Composite webs include and an overlying concrete work is. Of the Bond between the concrete work and the boards or composite webs is by - incorporated in the wood cutouts - embarked shear anchors generated. The lateral force anchors are transverse to the longitudinal direction of the composite boards arranged and thus have a geometric interlocking between wood and Concrete on.

0005A major disadvantage of the aforementioned documents is the lack of End coupling of the materials wood and concrete and the resulting Limitations in the application. Thus it is known that direct contact between Wood and concrete cause condensation and thus prevent mold in the wood can. Furthermore arises in a direct contact between wood and concrete one Sound Bridge spanning the usability of a wood-concrete ceiling without further Construction prevented. It is also known that the rigidity of a cross section increases with increasing lever arm and thus a pronounced Interlayer training leads to more rigid systems.

0006Another disadvantage of the latter document is that any deposits in The form of cables or pipes in wood or concrete in the stressed cross section is thus in the long run by the stresses their utility is reduced.

0007Object of the invention, wood-concrete composite systems with intermediate layers create the high connection forces, different cross-sectional variations, various system properties and various building physics Properties are equipped. The object of the intermediate layer, there is a to provide decoupling of significantly different materials wood and concrete, without the rigid or rigid connection - a prerequisite for effective Composite action - to reduce the two materials.

0008This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 et seq. The present invention describes a timber-concrete composite system consisting of Wood components, intermediate layers and concrete parts. The wooden components are with the concrete work quasi rigidly by continuously arranged connecting means connected.

0009The connecting means are of a flat body with corresponding openings or Roughening, as a grid and / or as nets made of metals and / or plastics educated. At least one end of the connecting means is by adhesive bonding positively connected to the timber components. It has surprisingly been found, that the bonding of two ends of the connecting means with the timber components not only an increase in the intrinsic stability generated but also an increase the composite stiffness delivers. It may be expedient to inhomogeneous and anisotropic form connecting elements, so that therefrom different properties (the connecting element) in the different Materials (timber member, intermediate layer, concrete work) result. shaping the connecting elements in addition to the straight shape in all other odd Shapes, such as curved, corrugated, bent, angled and / or straight conceivable and will be solely dependent on the application requirements. The Arrangements of the connecting elements in the composite system of the invention can for example side by side, one behind the other, diagonally offset, offset, wavy and / or chaotic run and are only of the Application requirements dependent.

0010The connection means are in the timber elements by bonding at least one by end into prepared slots or grooves and the concrete part mechanical gear in hardened cement paste anchored. Another Variant is for example in the connecting means on the timber structures or sticking partly in and partly due to the wood components, thereby providing a permanent produce and non-positive connection. penetrate the connecting means Registered with the intermediate layers depending on the requirements, partially or without a force-fitting connection with the intermediate layers. Thus decouple Interlayers at least partly the wooden components of the concrete structures and let thereby a durable composite solution. The exhibit timber structures at least in some application scenarios reinforcements on which the structural and manufacturing flaws of the wood and / or wood-based materials and wood composites bridge. It is in some applications also conceivable the capacity of the timber members through reinforcement or reinforcements increase, thereby generating an increase of the total capacity.

0011The concrete components have at least in some applications for a Deposits on which bridge the structural weaknesses of the concrete and / or other deposits on which the building physics situations change of wood-concrete composite system. The intermediate layers are at least partly as geometrical, mechanical, building physical and / or structural Separation or end coupling between the wood components and concrete structures given. The intermediate layers of wood-concrete composite system can be used as layer or multilayer levels are formed. The intermediate layers may in liquid, solid and / or gaseous form, for example by laying, watering, be deleted and / or foam depleted and / or introduced. A ply intermediate layer consists for example of a plastic film, impregnated paper, roofing felt, Kunststoffdämmschicht, mineral Insulation, organic insulation materials, insulation and renewable infused or placed underlined materials at a later time thicken or harden, such as tar, glue, Kunststoffmixturen. Other forms the single-layer interlayers provide any mineral or mineral bound materials (eg mineral-bound lightweight board, mineralischgebundener and insulated leveling screed) and metallic Materials (eg trapezoidal sheets, sandwich components). The multi-layer planes are a combination of single-layer intermediate layers described above in any shape and / or arrangement. The choice of single-layer or multilayer Interlayers is therefore only on the requirements of the wood-concrete composite systems dependent.

0012An advantage of the invention is the decoupling of the mutually facing surfaces of the Timber structures and concrete components by the embedded interlayer or Between layers. Thus, component moisture let into the concrete components of the Wood components away. Soaking the wood components would permanently Rot and thus a destruction of the entire timber-concrete composite systems to cause. This is the case particularly in bridge construction.

0013A further advantage is that the intermediate layers at least in some Applications cavities, such as cables, pipes, tubes, ducts and conduits, such as electricity, gas, water, air-conditioning, electrical installation lines include, can be used for coupling to the central equipment. Thus can be respective supply lines in the "load-neutral" Embed interlayers.

0014Another advantage lies in the thermal decoupling of facing up Surfaces of timber structures and concrete components by the embedded Between layers. Experience has shown that acute exposure of wood and expected concrete Schwitzwasserbildungen that permanently rot and thus cause the destruction of the wood concrete composite system. This process can by the arrangement of intermediate layers such as mineral insulation in preventing connection with surface film. Especially in the wall and Roof area provide such inventive wood-concrete composite systems a advantageous solution.

0015A further advantage lies in the physical decoupling of the facing is Surfaces of timber structures and concrete components by the embedded Between layers. Experience has shown, for example, in conventional Timber-concrete composite floors additional "floating floor" for Impact sound on the composite slab arranged. By an intermediate layer in the form of a sound insulation, it is possible the sound of improve inventive wood-concrete composite system and thus a scale decoupling between the concrete parts and the wooden parts to produce. Thus, thereby floating in many applications on a " Screed "may be omitted.

0016A further advantage lies in the increase of the 'inner lever arm "of the inventive wood-concrete composite system by increasing the Distance between the Biegedruck- and flexural tension. Experience has shown that taking the rigidity of a composite system with increasing lever arm. A Inventive solution in the form of a box-section in conjunction with a Interlayer produced an incomparable rigidity of the wood concrete composite system. Thus can be wide-span support systems (eg roofs, Ceiling, realizing bridges) with the inventive solution.

0017A further advantage lies in the bonding of two or more ends of the Connecting means with the timber components. This not only the inherent rigidity the connecting means but also the composite stiffness between Timber structures and concrete components increases. Only in this way can be Insert connecting means according to the invention in an economical manner.

0018A further advantage of the invention lies in the quasi-continuous connection between the wood components and concrete components of the wood concrete composite system. Thus, current limitations on single-span systems (ie, systems via a span or a floor level rise) can be overcome. Now let easily as changing bending stresses of wall, wall and / or ceiling systems over several spans and floor heights form. Experience has shown that "once-through systems" not only economic but also more efficient than single-span system.

0019Another advantage is the at least partial bridging of structural Vulnerabilities, such as knots, inclusions, growth failure of the wood, which in Application to a limitation of the entire wood-concrete composite system Run. Another advantage is the at least partial Bridging of manufacturing flaw, such as finger joints, Openings, holes, to a limitation of the total, in use, Wood-concrete composite system Run.

0020The inventive wood-concrete composite system consists of wooden parts and because at least one side adjacent concrete structures characterized, that between the wood components and concrete components at least partially and at least a single-layer intermediate layer is formed, the at least partially creates a separation or decoupling of the materials wood and concrete. The The object of the intermediate layers is thus at least partially a geometric, mechanical and / or physical construction decoupling of materials to produce wood and concrete. This decoupling must not, however, the significantly reduce the composite action between wood and concrete, since otherwise economical solution can not be achieved. This requires at least a Connecting element by bonding of at least one end with Wood components and a mechanical gearing of the connecting element to order by the setting of the cement in the concrete construction. It is optionally, a composite of the connecting elements with the intermediate layer or the optionally intermediate layers. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is also conceivable that the connecting means no bond to the have intermediate layers. It is also an embodiment of the Composite system of the invention conceivable, wherein the connecting elements are positively bonded to the concrete components.

0021The connection means may be ordered by the application and / or chaotic to be ordered. The term "chaotic" is here partly from mathematics adopted and does not listed or not bound to rules. Examples are cited as arrangement: a row, side by side, offset, longitudinal, lateral, diagonal, wavy, curved and / or scattered.

0022The connecting elements are as flat body, grid and / or networks in a straight and / or odd form of metals and / or plastics. The Fasteners can at least partially straight, curved, corrugated, swinging, bent, angled and / or are formed twisted. The Flat body can at least partially perforated, punched, drilled, roughened, be formed stretched, pulled and / or distorted.

0023has a design of wood-concrete composite systems of the invention by way of example to be anchored to the wooden part of plastic and the concrete to verankemden part from metal. In this case, the connecting member than would be Hybrid materials (metal and plastic) to designate. Furthermore, it is conceivable the geometric shape of the connecting element in the timber member, the form intermediate layers and the concrete work differently, so characterized different materials and composite properties are given. Thus shall determine that depending on the application, an anisotropic and inhomogeneous Configuration of the connecting elements is selected.

0024A further configuration consists in the bonding of two or more ends of the Fasteners according to the invention and / or on the timber components. Thereby, the connecting elements can be in addition to the inherent stability of the increase bond strength of the wood-concrete composite systems.

0025A further embodiment of the invention is at least in partial areas, the connecting elements additional toothings, projections and / or ridges provide. Surprisingly, this has shown that a characterized Positioning and / or fixing of the connecting elements in the corresponding ensure openings of the timber members until the adhesive has cured blasphemous. Of further characterized the leakage of the adhesive is prevented until setting. Thus, the connecting elements can be bonded in the factory and before the transporting the adhesive has cured, temporarily store and / or assemble. This is also available for wall or overhead applications.

0026The connection means are by bonding in corresponding openings in the timber components and / or fixed on the wooden parts. It is thus an Embodiment of the invention conceivable in the connecting elements in the Wood components are glued and other glued to the wood components will. The bonding is preferably one or two component Adhesives produced. Some adhesives (eg epoxy resins, poly-urethane) are at appropriate pressures and climatic conditions of the glass transition effect affected. The glass transition effect here describes a phenomenon in which the Adhesive at the appropriate temperature and simultaneous load his loses strength. One aspect of the application of the invention lies in a power supply of the adhesive joint of the connecting elements and / or the adjacent components during the bonding or at a later time, thereby raising the glass transition effect to a higher temperature level and thereby increase the bonding effect or to secure. The power supply can be exemplified by a stationary or mobile heat source (eg infrared) locally be launched flat and / or. It is also conceivable the heat supply by Line guides in the timber components, the intermediate layers and / or the concrete structures are to ensure.

0027The wooden components of the wood concrete composite system of the invention example of individual elements in the form of a bar, a plank, a board, a squared timber, a plate or a formwork created and / or any Combination of the aforementioned individual elements in the form of multi-part composite cross-sectional shapes created. They may consist of the wooden components from grown solid wood, wood composites and / or wood composites. Around the diversity of the resulting variants of wood using rudimentary a few are listed below to illustrate: solid wood, softwood, Hardwood, glulam, laminated veneer lumber, parallel strand lumber, chipboard, Cement-bonded particle boards, particle boards, multilayer boards, OSB boards, Plastic Holzverbundbauplatten, etc.

0028Another range of configuration is the gains of Timber structures and / or concrete structures eg by steel reinforcement and / or Plastic prestressing steels, etc. It is conceivable these reinforcements in or create the timber components or concrete structures. A further embodiment the invention consists in the upgrading or enhancement of natural and / or manufacturing flaws of timber structures through Another local measures, such as biases, reinforcements, Bridges and / or tension.

0029Another bandwidth of the embodiment is the generation of voids or wirings in the wood components, the intermediate layers and / or Concrete components. The cavities can be exemplified by pipes, balls, channels Hoses are generated and / or. The conduits can be exemplified by cable, Pipes, channels and / or tubes are produced.

0030Another bandwidth of the embodiment of the invention is to Preforming (eg elevation, Curve, curvature and / or bias) at least partial areas of the timber structures, intermediate layers and / or Concrete parts before or after the composite, thereby the later occurring Agents (and the resulting stresses and deformations) of Installation and use at least partially counteract. is therefore example to call an application where a single-span beam of a ceiling system before the muster of the fresh concrete a central elevation (produced by central Absprießung) has. The superelevation is after setting of the concrete to a later time at least a portion of the elastic or plastic compensate for deflection of simply supported beams. This procedure can be also produce long-span structures.

0031The intermediate layers of wood-concrete composite systems of the invention can single layer, multi-layered, loose and / or be formed in union. The Interlayers are placed here, rolled, poured, painted, sprayed and / or foamed applied in solid, liquid and / or gaseous form and / or subsequently introduced. A single-layer design includes, among other things film, impregnated paper, roofing felt, metal plates, plastic plates, Plastic insulation, mineral insulation, renewable insulation materials, Composite materials or hybrid materials (for example, as individual elements, Panel members, bulk or reel) or infused or be underlined materials which set at a later time or cure (for example, tar, oil, glue, Kunststoffmixturen). Multilayer Embodiments include any combination of the aforementioned single-layer Versions loose and / or as a composite.

0032The concrete components include such items as normal concrete, high strength concrete, prestressed concrete, Interlocking concrete, screed concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated concrete and / or asphalt concrete and can also not mineral aggregates, such as plastics, polystyrene, have wood. The production of concrete elements is in the factory or on site possible. Furthermore, let the concrete components in part at the factory and partly produced locally. It is also possible that portions of the concrete components as used prefabricated elements in conjunction with locally anbetonierten elements will.

0033A preferred range of configuration is the reinforcement (eg Reinforcing steel and / or plastic, prestressing steels) the concrete components. Experience has shown that it will only by high tensile forces, torques and / of Initiate transverse forces in the concrete construction. A further embodiment is the Production of cavities (eg pipes, balls, Quater, channels and / or Hoses) for weight reduction, for subsequent introduction of Lines and / or for subsequent bias or bias with subsequent bond can be used.

0034A further embodiment is the introduction of cables (for example cables, pipes, Channels and / or hoses) in the concrete construction, which thus, as electricity, heating Technical and / or supply lines can be used. Surprisingly, it has been found that by a subsequent Heating of the wood-concrete composite systems can be generated, thereby the Glass transition temperature of the adhesive used (for anchoring the Fasteners to increase in the wood components).

0035A further embodiment of the invention, several layers of Wood components, intermediate layers and / or concrete structures above the other and / or adjacent form.

0036The wood-concrete composite systems of the invention for example have the mullion, Carrier, beam, plate, wall, ceiling, roof, and / or bridge systems are formed and are depending on the design as the absorption of tensile, Compressive, flexural, Biegedruck-, torsion, and / or shear stresses suitable.

figure 1

0037Fig. Figure 1 describes in perspective view an embodiment of a Section of the wood concrete composite system of the invention <b>100</b>Which eg can run as ceiling, wall and / or roof structure. The wood-concrete composite system<b>100</b> consists primarily of wood components <b>110</b>, in the form of bar <b>111</b> and a timber board <b>112</b>, The bars<b>111</b> are here positively to the wood panel <b>112</b> by adhesive bonding. The Wood panel <b>112</b> here is exemplified in two places by internal reinforcements <b>120</b> increasingly in the form of synthetic fabric.

0038The connecting elements <b>130</b> are as punched and distorted flat bodies (also known as expanded metal) <b>131</b> formed of metal, the one half the height crease <b>132</b> exhibit. The Knick<b>132</b> is displaced in the longitudinal direction and formed thus forms a fork <b>133</b> in the form of a Y (fork <b>133</b> appears in view longitudinal). Surprisingly, it has been found that by the crease <b>132</b> the vertical positioning of the connecting elements is given and a linear predetermined breaking point in the concrete part by the fork <b>133</b> is avoided. Of Furthermore, it has been surprisingly found that in the crotch <b>133</b> on Rebar (not shown here) self-positioning are inserted can, which increases the total capacity of the timber-concrete composite system.

0039The intermediate layers <b>140</b> made here by way of example of a dimensionally stable mineral wool <b>141</b> between the bars <b>111</b> are arranged and a vapor-permeable film <b>142</b>That the height same bar <b>111</b> and mineral wool <b>141</b>covers and simultaneously form-fitting to the fasteners <b>130</b> eg by Tapes is connected without a non-positive connection to the fasteners <b>130</b> to deliver. The intermediate layers<b>140</b> as mineral wool<b>141</b> have cavities <b>144</b> and <b>145</b> in on the transverse and longitudinal direction as supply channels serve the domestic technology. Surprising enough, it has been shown, that the cavities <b>145</b> and the transverse direction by the wooden beams <b>111</b> through are executed as the composite effect bridges the Querschnittsschächung.

0040A further component of the intermediate layers is exemplified by Styroporquater<b>143</b> shown, on the film <b>142</b> between the bars <b>111</b> in the concrete components<b>150</b> arranged einragend.

0041The concrete components <b>150</b> are here exemplified by a constant drive <b>151</b> With rib-like extensions <b>152</b> in the region of the connecting elements <b>130</b>educated. The concrete components<b>150</b> have reinforcements <b>153</b> in the form of Betonstahlmatten <b>154</b> on which rest on the connecting elements 130th The concrete components <b>150</b> have further cavities <b>155</b> and lines <b>156</b> on, the relative to a heat supply and, secondly, for subsequent Reinforcement of concrete structures <b>150</b> serve. cavities<b>155</b> serve to Introduction of appropriate prestressing steels to a frictional subsequent Reinforcement of concrete structures <b>150</b> to enable. The lines<b>156</b> serve to indirect heating of the Verbindungselementverklebung, thereby the to increase material-dependent glass transition temperature of the adhesive and thus the Sustainability of Verbindungselementverklebung under temperature influence to increase.

0042The concrete components have further reinforcements <b>157</b> in the form of Reinforcement steels, by way of example between the connecting elements <b>130</b>are arranged. The rebars<b>157</b> serve in this exemplary Application to additional recording of transverse tensile stresses in the field the connecting elements <b>130</b> may occur. Further results from this Surprisingly, an additional gearing between the fasteners <b>130</b> and the concrete construction <b>150</b>, Another Variant embodiment (not shown here) is to carry out the rebars <b>157</b> through the openings (for example, expanded metal apertures) of the fasteners <b>130</b>,

0043The wood-concrete composite systems <b>100</b> was exemplarily spot on the Construction made as a ceiling system in which the individual timber components <b>110</b> and interlayers <b>140</b> before concreting by an elevation (not shown, for example through support in the center of each of the spans More field system inflated) were pre-deformed, thereby a later Stress on the wooden components during assembly and / or use of the Systems to counter.

figure 2

0044The FIG. 2 describes a perspective view of an embodiment of a Section of the wood concrete composite system of the invention <b>200</b>Which eg can be performed in either bridge or ceiling structure. The wood-concrete composite system<b>200</b> initially consists of a timber member <b>210</b>, in form of a Glulam plate <b>211</b> at the example of external reinforcements <b>212</b> in Shape are bonded by carbon fiber reinforcements. The glulam plate<b>211</b>shows further exemplary cavities <b>213</b> and lines <b>214</b> on the relative firstly to the power line and the other used for heating. The cavities <b>213</b> serve to introduce corresponding electric lines, the so can be invisible through the wood-concrete composite systems. The lines <b>214</b> are used for indirect heating of the Verbindungselementverklebung, thereby the material-related to increase glass transition temperature of the adhesive and thus the sustainability of increase Verbindungselementverklebung under temperature influence.

0045The connecting elements <b>220</b> are here exemplified as a dimensionally stable corrugated Plastic mesh <b>221</b> and a curved metal grille <b>223</b> educated. The metal grid<b>223</b> are exemplified in a section of the wood concrete composite system used by rule high local stresses. The plastic mesh<b>221</b>are about one third of their height, with one end in the timber member <b>210</b> by Bond are anchored. The plastic mesh<b>221</b> have been made so that the grid openings <b>222</b> in engineered wood <b>210</b> and in the intermediate layers <b>230</b>smaller dimensions (tighter) than the concrete component <b>240</b>, around characterized on the one adhesive for anchoring the timber member (lower to save adhesive volume) and secondly, the inherent stability of the plastic grid<b>221</b> in the intermediate layers <b>230</b> (No frictional lateral storage) to increase. The undulating shape provides surprisingly, on the one additional inherent stability and, secondly another mechanical interlock between to be joined timber structures and concrete components. The Plastic mesh <b>221</b> exhibit in the embedment of the wooden components <b>210</b> teeth (Not shown here) that a mechanical fixing of the connecting elements guarantee until the adhesive has cured.

0046The metal grid <b>223</b> are here, for example, with two ends in respective Openings (here slots or channels) of the timber components and glued deliver characterized in a geometrically rigid shape and simultaneously a very stiff Connection between the wood components <b>210</b> and the concrete construction <b>240</b>, The metal grid <b>223</b> exhibit in the kerf between the connecting element and wood an example of a bead (not shown) on which the adhesive outlet before prevents.

0047The intermediate layers <b>230</b> made here by way of example of a multilayer Bitumen coating with embedded plastic film <b>231</b> and a polyurethane foam layer<b>232</b>Exemplarily cut out individually and in association laid slabs was created.

0048The concrete components <b>240</b> are here exemplified by a constant drive <b>241</b>educated. The concrete components<b>240</b> have reinforcements <b>242</b> in the form of Betonstahlmatten <b>243</b> , which by way of example only to the connecting elements <b>220</b>rest. The concrete slab<b>241</b> further has a local reinforcement <b>244</b> in shape a steel reinforcement <b>245</b> on which the before concreting and the application Welded wire mesh <b>243</b> with the connecting element <b>220</b> side terminal position assurance was connected (by way of example gerödelt through wire, not shown).

0049The concrete components <b>240</b> have further cavities <b>246</b> and lines <b>247</b> on, the relative firstly for subsequent amplification and secondly to climatic supply of concrete components <b>240</b> serve. cavities<b>246</b> serve establishing appropriate prestressing steels to a frictional subsequent Reinforcement of concrete structures <b>240</b> to enable. The location of the cavities<b>246</b> is depends on the design requirements and can be exemplified through, between and / or through the connecting members <b>220</b> and or <b>223</b> accomplished will.

0050The lines <b>247</b> serve by way of example - via a coupling with a appropriate air headquarters - for climatic supply of wood-concrete composite system and its surroundings. This are exemplified allows energy-saving solutions for buildings and industrial buildings.

0051The wood-concrete composite system <b>200</b> was exemplified here in the factory as a finished part prefabricated and delivered as separate components to the construction site and Segmented assembled. Such prefabrication allows rapid production of Structure without additional moisture (eg mixing water of reinforced concrete) in the initiate wood concrete composite system or structures.

0052The individual wood-concrete composite systems on site immediately in Assembly or some time later with each other and / or with further phases non-positively and / or positively connected. In this way, can also be create disc effects with segmented wood-concrete composite systems.