Communication between call controllers by amending call processing messages

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

0001The present invention relates to call controllers in communication networks and, more particularly, communication between call controllers by amending call processing messages.

BACKGROUND

0002Users of connection-oriented communications networks, of the type typically used to connect telephones or computers, communicate by first establishing a "call". A call represents an agreement to communicate over a particular path, where a path is a series of links between network entities. From a network management perspective, each call is a billable entity. Call establishment and teardown is typically implemented through the use of a "call" protocol that is used for communication between an entity representative of a user and an entity representative of a network through which the call is to be established. The call protocol may also be used for communication between entities within networks and between entities in separate networks. A "connection" may be considered the actual "pipe" over which user communication flows. Once a call is established or while a call is being established, a connection may be established and associated with that call. In general, there may be zero or more connections associated with a single call. One of the important functions of the call protocols is the initiation and management of "connection establishment" protocols.

0003A Call Controller is a call control entity that is used to initiate, terminate and transit call actions. The Call Controller enables the establishment, release, modification and maintenance of individual calls or sets of calls. When in use by a user, the Call Controller is known as a "Client" Call Controller. When in use at a network edge and a border between networks, the Call Controller is known as a "Network" Call Controller. Many Call Controllers are involved in a single call. The Call Controllers that are involved in the same call communicate with each other, using a predetermined protocol, to control and maintain the connections associated with the call. Typically, call control entities that are not involved in the same call do not communicate with each other in connection-oriented networks.

0004To establish a call, a Client Call Controller communicates with a Network Call Controller (a source network entity) to indicate a requirement for a call and a destination for the required call. This requirement is often indicated through the use of a "call request" message, which is part of a protocol that defines standard call processing messages. In typical connection-oriented networks with distributed call and connection control, such as described above, a path is computed, by the Network Call Controller that received the call request message from the Client Call Controller, for the required call without consideration of information relating to other, previously established, calls in the network. While information relating to calls that originate from a given Network Call Controller is available to the given Network Call Controller while calculating a path for a new call, information relating to calls that originate from other Network Call Controllers is not available to the given Network Call Controller.

0005It has been suggested that additional information, of a scope larger than the given Network Call Controller normally processes, should be made available to the given Network Call Controller in order to constrain call establishment. Where properly constrained calls are established, it is suggested that the connection-oriented network involved will operate more efficiently.

0006This additional information could include information relating to other calls and the connections associated with those other calls. The additional information could also include information relating to gateways to adjacent networks and the call controllers in adjacent networks that may be associated with specific Client Call Controllers.

0007In connection-oriented networks, Network Call Controllers related to a common Client Call Controller are not typically aware of each other. It has been suggested that enabling such Network Call Controllers to be aware of each other can enable additional applications to the user of the Client Call Controller.

0008One approach for providing additional information involves allowing a Client Call Controller to query a first Network Call Controller for information relating to a first call established through communication with the first Network Call Controller. It would then be expected that the first Network Call Controller would release this information to the querying Client Call Controller. The information may then be used by the Client Call Controller when sending a call request message, for a second call, to a second Network Call Controller. The Client Call Controller may pass the information to the second Network Call Controller in order that the second call may be constrained by the information passed about the first call.

0009The problem with this approach is that the first Network Call Controller could disclose, to the Client Call Controller, some network information that should remain confidential. Typically, the relationship between users (Client Call Controllers) and networks (Network Call Controllers) is considered to be an "untrusted" relationship. In this approach, wherein a Client Call Controller can learn network information about a call through a query, the untrusted nature of the user-network relationship is broken. That is, a first entity is sending information to a second entity that the first entity would not normally send, due to the nature of the relationship between the two entities.

0010A second approach involves the introduction of a global call identifier that can be accessed by more than one source network entity, that is, Network Call Controllers that will be establishing calls in the future. Where a source Client Call Controller has requested, of a first Network Call Controller, that a first call be established to a destination, the established call is given a global call identifier, which is disclosed to the source Client Call Controller. Further, network information about the first call may be maintained at a central entity in the network. The source Client Call Controller may then use the global call identifier of the first call when requesting, of a second Network Call Controller, that a second call be established to the same destination, where the path of the second call is to be diverse from the path of the first call. A path may be considered diverse relative to another path if the two paths do not have any path segments in common. Additionally, a path may be considered diverse relative to another path if the two paths do not have any intermediate path segment end points (nodes) in common. However, this approach is not always efficient. A path for the second call might never be found, since availability of alternate paths is not considered at the time of establishment of the first call. Furthermore, the central entity may be required to retain information relating to calls and connections associated with those calls in a network and between networks. Without a centralized call/connection database, path computation may occur without information relating to path segments or intermediate path segment end points to avoid. Only when the path computation process encounters a node acting as an end of a path segment in use by a call having the global call identifier of the first call, can path computation know to try a path that does not include that path segment or intermediate point. Unfortunately, neither approach, i.e., the centralized call/connection database approach and the approach without a database, may be performed with speed sufficient to meet various path computation guidelines, even in a single network.

0011A third approach involves creating a separate method, strictly for inter-Call Controller communication. However, inter-Call Controller communication usually piggybacks on connection control communication and it is preferred that Call Controllers be able to communicate with each other in the absence of previously established calls. Additionally, Call Controllers in different networks may have difficulty communicating given that there may be no shared signaling network between those networks.

0012Clearly, a need exists for Call Controllers to communicate in a manner that provides the Call Controllers with additional network information, yet avoids revealing network information to the user and avoids use of direct communications between Call Controllers that is separate from existing communications.

SUMMARY

0013Call Control entities in a network communicate between themselves by amending call processing messages to include network information. As such, a call may be established whose path through the network is dependent on the paths of other calls information of a scope larger than a Call Controller normally possesses can, as a result of this communication, be made available to Call Controllers for constraining call establishment. This information could relate to other calls and connections associated with those other calls. The information may also relate to gateways in adjacent networks and the Call Controllers in the adjacent networks that are related to the current Call Controller.

0014Advantageously, in preferred aspects of the present invention, trusted network information is not disclosed to entities outside of the network as a result of the communication between the Call Controllers. In one aspect of the present invention, disclosure of trusted network information is avoided through the use of encryption. Furthermore, a separate method for inter-Call Controller communication is avoided.

0015Further advantageously, aspects of the present invention enable Network Call Controllers related to a common Client Call Controller to discover, i.e., become aware of, each other. Such discovery may enable applications within the network that utilize knowledge of sets of related Network Call Controllers and/or sets of addresses/names of related Network Call Controllers. Such discovery may also benefit applications outside of the networks, say, at a Client Call Controller employing dual homing.

0016In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a call controller adapted for use a connection-oriented network including a plurality of interconnected call controllers, the call controller comprising an input network interface adapted to receive a call processing message, the call processing message requesting establishment of a path for the call through the connection-oriented network; a processor adapted to amend the call processing message to include encrypted network information, the encrypted network information containing path information relating to a collection of nodes or links on the network that define the path through the network to be used to establish the call, resulting in an amended call processing message; and an output network interface adapted to send the amended call processing message containing the encrypted network information containing the path information to another of the plurality of interconnected call controllers in the connection-oriented network. Another system including amended call processing messages is disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="EP0535860A"><text>EP 0 535 860 A</text></patcit>.

0017In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of processing a call at an intermediate network call controller in a connection-oriented network including a plurality of interconnected network call controllers, the plurality of interconnected call controllers comprising at least one client call controller, at least one intermediate call controller, and a destination call controller, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a call request message by one of the intermediate call controllers, the call request message requesting establishment of a call from the client call controller to a specified destination associated with the destination call controller over the connection-oriented network, the call request message requesting establishment of a path for the call through the connection-oriented network; determining a first path through the connection-oriented network for the call to the destination call controller associated with the specified destination over the connection-oriented network, the first path containing a first series of links extending from the intermediate call controller to the destination call controller through which the call is to be established; and amending the call request message to include encrypted network information relating to the path over the connection-oriented network to result in an amended call request message, the encrypted network information containing information related to the series of links associated with the path through the connection-oriented network for the call obtained during the step of determining the first path for the call.

0018Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

0019There now follows, by way of example only, a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention in which;

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0020In the figures which illustrate example embodiments of this invention <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li><figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> illustrates a connection oriented network connecting a source to a destination and typical signal flow associated with a basic procedure to establish a call from the source to the destination;</li><li><figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref> illustrates two connection-oriented networks connecting a source to a destination and may be used for a discussion of network reference points;</li><li><figref idref="f0003">FIG. 3</figref> illustrates a connection-oriented network connecting a source to a destination and may be used for a discussion of an "Optimal Path" implementation of dual homing;</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 4</figref> illustrates a connection-oriented network connecting a source to a destination and may be used for a discussion of a "Diverse Path" implementation of dual homing;</li><li><figref idref="f0005">FIG. 5</figref> illustrates two connection-oriented networks connecting a source to a destination and may be used for a discussion of a "E-NNI Diverse Path" implementation of dual homing;</li><li><figref idref="f0006">FIG. 6</figref> illustrates five connection-oriented networks connecting a source to a destination and may be used for a discussion of a "Multi-Network Diverse Path" implementation of dual homing;</li><li><figref idref="f0007">FIG. 7</figref> illustrates a generic call controller for use in the connection-oriented networks of <figref idref="f0001 f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006">FIGS. 1-6</figref> according to an embodiment of the present invention.</li></ul>

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

0021<figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> illustrates typical signal flow associated with a basic call establishment procedure. A connection-oriented network <b>102</b> is shown to include a source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> and a destination Network Call Controller <b>104B.</b> In communication with the source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> is a source Client Call Controller <b>106A.</b> In communication with the destination Network Call Controller <b>104B</b> is a destination Client Call Controller <b>106B.</b> The internal connectivity within the connection-oriented network <b>102</b> is not shown.

0022The call establishment procedure may be initiated when a call request message is sent from the source Client Call Controller <b>106A</b> to the source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> at the "calling edge" of the connection-oriented network <b>102.</b> The source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> computes a path through the connection-oriented network <b>102</b> to the destination Network Call Controller <b>104B</b> at the "called edge" of the connection-oriented network <b>102.</b> A call may then be established, using the computed path, through the connection-oriented network 102 from the source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> to the destination Network Call Controller <b>104B</b> at the "called edge" of the connection-oriented network <b>102</b>. A connection may be established at the same time. Finally, the call request message may be sent from the destination Network Call Controller <b>104B</b> to the destination Client Call Controller <b>106B.</b> Provided that the destination Client Call Controller <b>106B</b> accepts the call request message after validation, a "call accept" message may be sent to the destination Network Call Controller <b>104B</b>, from which the call accept message may be sent, using the established connection over the computed path, to the source Network Call Controller <b>104A.</b> Lastly, the call accept message may be sent from the source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> to the source Client Call Controller <b>106A</b> to confirm the connection from the connection-oriented network <b>102</b> to the source Client Call Controller <b>106A</b> and also to indicate the completion of call establishment. There are similar procedures for call release and call modification.

0023A processor (see <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 7</figref>) in the source Client Call Controller <b>106A</b> and a processor (see <figref idref="f0007">FIG. 7</figref>) in the source Network Call Controller <b>104A</b> may be loaded with a call processing software for executing methods exemplary of this invention from a software medium <b>112</b> and a software medium <b>114,</b> respectively. The software medium <b>112</b> and the software medium <b>114</b> may take the form of disk, tape, chip or random access memory containing a file downloaded from a remote source.

0024Within a connection-oriented network, there may be three reference points, namely a User-Network Interface (UNI), an Internal Network-Network Interface (I-NNI) and an External Network-Network Interface (E-NNI). Information flows for various call processing functions occur over these reference points. These call processing functions include call control, connection control and routing. Standards for UNI, I-NNI and E-NNI are defined in International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendation G.8080/Y.1304 (11/01) "Architecture for the Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)".

0025The three reference points may be considered in view of <figref idref="f0002">FIG. <b>2</b></figref><b>.</b> A source Client Call Controller <b>206A</b> communicates with a source Network Call Controller <b>204A</b> over a source UNI <b>208A.</b> At the source UNI <b>208A</b> reference point, information flows between the source Client Call Controller <b>206A</b> and the source Network Call Controller <b>204A.</b> Additionally, a destination Client Call Controller <b>206B</b> communicates with a destination Network Call Controller <b>204B</b> over a destination UNI <b>208B.</b> However, the source Network Call Controller <b>204A</b> is part of a source connection-oriented network <b>202Y</b> and the destination Network Call Controller <b>204B</b> is part of a destination connection-oriented network <b>202Z.</b> Consequently, the source Network Call Controller <b>204A</b> must communicate with an egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204C.</b> Within the source connection-oriented network <b>202Y,</b> the source Network Call Controller <b>204A</b> may communicate with the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204C</b> using an I-NNI. The internal connectivity within the source connection-oriented network <b>202Y</b> is not shown. The egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204C</b> communicates with an ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204D,</b> which is part of the destination connection-oriented network <b>202Z,</b> over an E-NNI <b>210.</b> An E-NNI is used between networks, and there may be multiple E-NNIs between a given pair of networks. At the E-NNI <b>210,</b> information flows between the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204C</b> and the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204D.</b> The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204D</b> may then communicate with the destination Network Call Controller <b>204B</b> using an I-NNI. The internal connectivity within the destination connection-oriented network <b>202Z</b> is not shown.

0026Rather than computing a path to the destination Network Call Controller <b>204B</b> upon receipt of a call request message from the source Client Call Controller <b>206A</b> that specifies the destination Client Call Controller <b>206B,</b> the source Network Call Controller <b>204A</b> computes a path to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204C.</b> It is the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204D</b> that computes a path to the destination Network Call Controller <b>204B</b>.

0027In general, the source Client Call Controller <b>206A</b> should have an awareness of the identifiers of the local UNIs (as there may be more than one) connected to itself and the remote UNIs connected to the destination Client Call Controller <b>206B.</b> The above-mentioned "identifier" of UNI may be a public network address, e.g., a Transport Network Assigned (TNA) address as suggested by the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) in the "User Network Interface (UNI) 1.0 Signaling Specification", In the OIF specification, each TNA address is a globally unique address assigned by a transport network to one or more data bearing links.

0028Additionally, each Network Call Controller in a given network should maintain a record of the identifiers of the E-NNI gateways located in the given network, or at least have a capability to learn the identifiers from a network entity that maintains such information. Further, E-NNI gateways (e.g., egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204C,</b> ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>204D)</b> should maintain a record of the identifiers of peer gateways that are located in neighbor networks, or at least have a capability to learn the identifiers from a network entity that maintains such information. The identifier of an E-NNI gateway is a public network address. Each Network Call Controller in a given network should also maintain a record of the identifiers of any neighbor networks, or at least have a capability to learn the identifiers from a network entity that maintains such information. The identifier of a network is a public network identity such as a carrier ID or an Autonomous System (AS) number. As well, each Network Call Controller in a given network should support address resolution capable of translating the various public addresses to switch addresses that are internal to the given network.

0029An individual Client Call Controller may connect to the same connection-oriented network over more than one UNI and this is known as "dual homing". An individual Client Call Controller could also connect over UNIs to two different connection-oriented networks. This is also a form of dual homing. Dual homing may be used to increase the reliability of a client's service to a network. Despite the name, dual homing may involve more than two UNIs to different edge Network Call Controllers. Between networks, multiple E-NNIs may also be used to increase reliability.

0030<figref idref="f0003">FIG. <b>3</b></figref> illustrates an example of dual homing. In the "Optimal Path" example of <figref idref="f0003">FIG. <b>3</b></figref>, a source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> may communicate with a connection-oriented network <b>302</b> over any one of three UNIs <b>308E, 308F, 308G</b> to a corresponding Network Call Controller <b>304E, 304F, 304G</b> (referenced herein individually or collectively as <b>304).</b> On the destination end, a destination Client Call Controller <b>306B</b> may communicate with the connection-oriented network <b>302</b> over one of two UNIs <b>308H, 308J</b> to a corresponding Network Call Controller <b>304H, 304J.</b> The source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> sends a call request message to the connection-oriented network <b>302</b> requesting the establishment of call over an optimal path to the destination Client Call Controller <b>306B.</b>

0031<figref idref="f0004">FIG. <b>4</b></figref> illustrates another example of dual homing. In the "Diverse Path" example of <figref idref="f0004">FIG. <b>4</b></figref><b>,</b> a source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> may communicate with a connection-oriented network <b>402</b> over one of two UNIs <b>408E, 408G</b> to a corresponding Network Call Controller <b>404E, 404G.</b> On the destination end, a destination Client Call Controller 406B may communicate with the connection-oriented network <b>402</b> over one of two UNIs <b>408H, 408J</b> to a corresponding Network Call Controller <b>404H, 404J.</b> The source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> sends a call request message to the connection-oriented network <b>402</b> requesting the establishment of a first call between the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B.</b> The call request message indicates that a further call request message will follow, requesting the establishment of a second call between the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B,</b> where the path for the second call is diverse from the path for the first call.

0032Another scenario exists in which a first call has been established between the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B,</b> say, over the source UNI <b>408E,</b> and the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> requires a second path setup to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> that is diverse from the first connection. The source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> sends a query message to the connection-oriented network <b>402</b> requesting information about the first call. A query response message from the connection-oriented network <b>402</b> contains encrypted information about the first call. The source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> may then send a call request message over the alternative source UNI <b>408G</b> with the received, encrypted information about the first call so that the network can attempt to compute a path for a second call that is diverse from the path for the first call.

0033<figref idref="f0005">FIG. 5</figref> illustrates a further example of dual homing. In the "E-NNI Diverse Path" example of <figref idref="f0005">FIG. 5</figref>, a source Client Call Controller (CCC) <b>506A</b> may communicate with a source connection-oriented network <b>502Y</b> over one of two UNIs <b>508E, 508G</b> to a corresponding Network Call Controller <b>504E, 504G.</b> On the destination end, a destination Client Call Controller (CCC) <b>506B</b> may communicate with a destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z</b> over one of two UNIs <b>508V, 508X</b> to a corresponding Network Call Controller <b>504V, 504X.</b> The source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> sends a call request message to the source connection-oriented network <b>502Y,</b> requesting the establishment of a first call between the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B.</b> The call request message indicates that a further call request message will follow, requesting the establishment of a second call between the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B,</b> where the path for the second call is diverse from the path for the first call.

0034To reach the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z,</b> the source Network Call Controllers <b>504E, 504G</b> of the source connection-oriented network <b>502Y</b> make use of egress gateway Network Call Controllers <b>504R, 504S</b> that are also in the source connection-oriented network <b>502Y.</b> The internal connectivity within the source connection-oriented network <b>502Y</b> is not shown. The egress gateway Network Call Controllers <b>504R, 504S</b> connect to ingress gateway Network Call Controllers <b>504T, 504U</b> in the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z</b> over corresponding E-NNIs <b>510T</b>, <b>510U</b> (referenced herein individually or collectively as <b>510).</b> To provide an E-NNI Diverse Path, the source Network Call Controllers <b>504E, 504G</b> determine paths to the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B</b> that each utilize a distinct E-NNI <b>510</b>. Notably, the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> need not be aware of the use of diverse E-NNIs <b>510.</b>

0035<figref idref="f0006">FIG. <b>6</b></figref> illustrates a further example of dual homing. In the "Multi-Network Diverse Path" example of <figref idref="f0006">FIG. <b>6</b></figref><b>,</b> a source Client Call Controller (CCC) <b>606A</b> may communicate with a first source connection-oriented network <b>602Y1</b> over a first UNI <b>608E</b> to a first source Network Call Controller <b>604E</b> and with a second source connection-oriented network <b>602Y2</b> over a second UNI <b>608Q</b> to a second Network Call Controller <b>604Q.</b> On the destination end, a destination Client Call Controller (CCC) <b>606B</b> may communicate with a first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1</b> over a first UNI <b>608V</b> to a first destination Network Call Controller <b>604V</b> and with a second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2</b> over a second UNI <b>608L</b> to a second destination Network Call Controller <b>604L.</b> The first source connection-oriented network <b>602Y1</b> and the second source connection-oriented network <b>602Y2</b> inter-connect to an intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P.</b>

0036The source Client Call Controller <b>606A</b> sends a call request message to the source connection-oriented networks 602Y1, <b>602Y2</b> requesting the establishment of a first call between the source Client Call Controller <b>606A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>606B.</b> The call request message indicates that a further call request message will follow, requesting the establishment of a second call between the source Client Call Controller <b>606A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>606B,</b> where the path for the second call is to be diverse from the path for the first call.

0037To reach the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> on the way to a first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1,</b> the first source Network Call Controller <b>604E</b> makes use of an egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604R</b> in the first source connection-oriented network <b>602Y1.</b> The internal connectivity within the first source connection-oriented network <b>602Y1</b> is not shown. The egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604R</b> connects to an ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> over an E-NNI <b>610R1.</b> To reach the first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1,</b> the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> makes use of an egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PT</b> to the first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1,</b> which connects to an ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604T</b> in the first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1</b> over an E-NNI <b>610T.</b> Within the first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1,</b> the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604T</b> connects to the first destination Network Call Controller <b>604V</b> from which the first UNI <b>608V</b> connects to the destination Client Call Controller (CCC) <b>606B.</b>

0038Similarly, to reach the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> on the way to a second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2,</b> the second source Network Call Controller <b>604Q</b> makes use of an egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604K</b> in the second source connection-oriented network <b>602Y2.</b> The internal connectivity within the second source connection-oriented network <b>602Y2</b> is not shown. The egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604K</b> connects to an ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> over an E-NNI <b>610K.</b> To reach the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2,</b> the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> makes use of an egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> to the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2,</b> which connects to an ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604M</b> in the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2</b> over an E-NNI <b>610M1.</b> Within the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2,</b> the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604M</b> connects to the second destination Network Call Controller <b>604L</b> from which the second UNI <b>608L</b> connects to the destination Client Call Controller (CCC) <b>606B.</b>

0039To provide a Multi-Network Diverse Path, the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> and the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> are required to communicate through the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> to respective egress gateway Network Call Controllers <b>604PT, 604PM</b> over diverse paths. Notably, the source Client Call Controller <b>606A</b> need not be aware of the use of the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P.</b>

0040In the examples described in conjunction with <figref idref="f0004">FIGS. <b>4</b></figref><b>,</b><figref idref="f0005"><b>5</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0006"><b>6</b></figref>, computing a path that meets specific constraints requires a path computation method that considers the existence, or future existence, of other paths. "Path information", or context, is required by the Network Call Controllers involved in initiating such a path computation, where this path information relates to paths in use by existing calls.

0041<figref idref="f0007">FIG. 7</figref> illustrates a generic call controller <b>700</b> for use, as either a Client call Controller or a Network Call Controller, in the connection-oriented networks of <figref idref="f0001 f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006">FIGS. <b>1-6</b></figref>. The call controller <b>700</b> includes a processor <b>704</b> in communication with a memory <b>708,</b> an input network interface <b>702</b> and an output network interface <b>706.</b> The input network interface <b>702</b> receives call processing messages and other network traffic while the output network interface <b>706</b> transmits call processing messages and other network traffic. As will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, the input network interface <b>702</b> and the output network interface <b>706</b> may coexist in a bi-directional network interface.

0042In overview, aspects of the present invention allow two Network Call Controllers to communicate with each other by amending call processing messages. Such call processing messages include, for example, call accept messages and call request messages. For instance, information about a path used by a first call may be communicated in a call accept message generated at a Network Call Controller. This information may then be included in a subsequent call request message generated at a Client Call Controller so that one Network Call Controller can avoid path segments used in a path established by another Network Call Controller. That is, the communication may provide the Network Call Controllers with the path information necessary to compute a path that meets constraints specified in a call request message.

0043As a result of the communication of path and other locally known information between two or more Network Call Controllers, those Network Call Controllers possess additional network context. This enables the Network Call Controllers to make path computations that include dependencies on the local information known by other Network Call Controllers. For example, calls may be setup that are dependent on other calls.

0044Preferably, an encryption/decryption scheme is employed by all Network Call Controllers in a given network. So that, for example, a Network Call Controller connected to one UNI can encrypt information that may be decrypted by another Network Call Controller connected to a different UNI.

0045Returning to <figref idref="f0003">FIG. <b>3</b></figref>, the source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> initiates a call by sending a call request message to the source Network Call Controller 304F in the connection oriented network <b>302.</b> The call request message may include identifiers of the local UNIs <b>308E, 308F, 308G</b> connected to the source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> and the remote UNIs <b>308H</b>, <b>308J</b> connected to the destination Client Call Controller <b>306B.</b> For descriptive purposes, the client side of a UNI <b>308</b> may be called a "UNI-C" and the network side of a UNI <b>308</b> may be called a "UNI-N".

0046The UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> may be generically called the "call control entity" that receives the call request message from the UNI-C of the source Client Call Controller <b>306A.</b> The UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> processes the call inside the connection oriented network <b>302.</b> As the call is in a single network, the source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> selects a UNI-N <b>308J</b> connected to the destination Client Call Controller <b>306B.</b> The source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> then computes a path, perhaps with intermediate path segment end points (i.e., network entities along the computed path from the source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> to the destination Network Call Controller <b>304J),</b> to the destination Network Call Controller <b>304J</b> associated with the selected UNI-N <b>308J.</b> The source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> then establishes a call over the computed path to the destination Network Call Controller <b>304J.</b> A connection may be established at the same time.

0047A single Network Call Controller could simultaneously compute the multiple paths that are in the same network, where the multiple paths start and end at different Network Call Controllers. Additionally, after having computed one path to a destination Network Call Controller, the source Network Call Controller could also consider alternative paths to the destination Network Call Controller as well as alternative paths to other Network Call Controllers, where all of the alternative paths are constrained to not use path segments, where the path segments are defined by path segment end points, used in previous paths.

0048Certain information about the established connection and the call used by the established connection may be retained at the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller. This information may be passed from the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller back to the UNI-C of the source Client Call Controller along with a call accept message or a call reject message. The information that is not public may be encrypted by the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller before being passed. Additionally, the information may include information from all of the intermediate path segment end points in the computed path used by the call and connection.

0049Information within the scope of each network participating in the call and connection may be separately encrypted. Preferably, the encryption key is network specific. That is, the encryption may be only decrypted by other call control entities in the network in which the information originated. In a preferred scenario, each network has its own encryption key, so that the information encrypted by call control entities in one network will not be decrypted by call control entities in other networks.

0050The source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> stores the encrypted call and connection information, The encrypted call and connection information may then be provided along with a subsequent call request message to the connection oriented network <b>302</b>. When a Network Call Controller in the connection oriented network <b>302</b> receives this call request message, the Network Call Controller may decrypt information about other calls and connections and use the decrypted information to establish the requested call. This encrypted information may be included in the signaling messages that normally travel over a UNI.

0051As discussed hereinbefore, a call may be required to be established across multiple networks, as shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIGS. <b>5</b></figref> and <figref idref="f0006"><b>6</b></figref>. Specifically, in the network shown in <figref idref="f0005">FIG. <b>5</b></figref>, the UNI-C of the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> may send a call request message to the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>504E,</b> where the call request message specifies the UNI-N of the destination Network Call Controller <b>504V</b> that connects to the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B.</b> The UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> processes the call inside the source connection oriented network <b>502Y.</b> In particular, the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> determines, through a review of maintained network topology, that Network Call Controllers in the destination connection oriented network <b>502Z</b> can reach the destination UNI <b>508V</b> or <b>508X.</b> As a result of this determination, the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> selects the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> to connect to the destination connection oriented network <b>502Z.</b> The source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> then computes a path to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> and uses the computed path to establish a call and associated connection to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R.</b>

0052The egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> then selects the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> in the neighbor network. Note that, even though E-NNIs to other ingress gateway Network Call Controllers in the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z</b> are not shown, there may be multiple such ingress gateway Network Call Controllers and the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> may be faced with a choice.

0053The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> then computes a path, perhaps with intermediate path segment end points, to the destination Network Call Controller <b>504V</b> associated with the selected UNI <b>508V.</b> The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> then establishes a call over the computed path and further establishes a connection that uses the established call.

0054Again, certain information about the established connection and the call used by the established connection may be retained at the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>504E.</b> This information may be passed from the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> back to the UNI-C of the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> along with a call accept message that confirms that the call is established. The information that is not public may be encrypted by the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> before being passed. Included in the information passed by the UNI-N of the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> may be information related to the call, and the connection using the call, that is specific to the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z.</b> The information that is specific to the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z</b> may pass, encrypted, from the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> over the E-NNI 510T used by the call.

0055The source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> stores the encrypted call and connection information. The encrypted call and connection information may then be provided along with a subsequent call request message to the source connection oriented network <b>502Y.</b> When a Network Call Controller in the source connection oriented network <b>502Y</b> receives this call request message, the Network Call Controller may decrypt information about other calls and connections and use the decrypted information to establish the requested call. This encrypted information may be included in the signaling messages that normally travel over an E-NNI, as well as those previously mentioned signaling messages that normally travel over a UNI.

0056The specific implementation of the above broadly described method of communicating call and connection information between Network Call Controller varies according to the application.

0057In the Optimal Path application, the proposed method uses a "call reject" message to carry a path result including an identification of a source UNI, a destination UNI and, maybe, encrypted information about a connection. With reference to <figref idref="f0003">FIG. 3</figref>, a possible sequence of events begins when the source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> sends a call request message to a source Network Call Controller <b>304</b> using one of the available local UNIs <b>308</b>, say local UNI <b>308F.</b> The source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> may pass identifiers for alternative local UNIs <b>308E, 308G,</b> connected to the source Client Call Controller <b>306A,</b> and identifiers for alternative remote UNIs <b>308H, 308J,</b> connected to the destination, in the call request message.

0058The source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> computes and examines possible paths and selects the optimal one. If this optimal path should start from the source UNI <b>308F,</b> the source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> establishes a call over the optimal path. Otherwise, the source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> rejects the call by sending a call reject message to the source Client Call Controller <b>306A.</b> The source Network Call Controller <b>304F</b> includes a special error code in the call reject message. Additional information in the call reject message may include, in encrypted form, an identifier of a local UNI <b>308</b> and a remote UNI <b>308</b> to act as the source UNI and the destination UNI for the optimal path and, possibly, information about intermediate path segment end points along the optimal path.

0059The source Client Call Controller <b>306A</b> then selects the source UNI, say UNI <b>308G,</b> of the optimal path identified in the call reject message and sends a new call request message over the selected UNI <b>308G.</b> The new call request message includes the optimal path information received in the call reject message. When the source Network Call Controller <b>304G</b> on network side of the selected UNI <b>308G</b> receives the call request message, the source Network Call Controller <b>304G</b> learns the destination UNI of the optimal path from the call request message. The source Network Call Controller <b>304G</b> may also decrypt the optimal path information and, thereby, learn how to establish a call to obtain an optimal path.

0060In the Diverse Path application, the goal is to establish two calls, where the two calls have diverse paths between the source Client Call Controller and the destination Client Call Controller, where each Client Call Controller has two reference points of attachment to a shared network. That is, each Client Call Controller has, at least, two UNIs to the same network. In one embodiment of the present invention, a call accept message is used to carry a path result including an identification of a source UNI, a destination UNI and encrypted information about an established call. While, in another embodiment, the source Client Call Controller may query the shared network for information about a previously established call.

0061With reference to <figref idref="f0004">FIG. 4</figref>, a possible sequence of events begins when the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> initiates a call to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> by sending a call request message, which identifies the source UNI <b>408E</b> and the destination UNI <b>408H,</b> over the source UNI <b>408E.</b> The call request message requests a first call to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> and indicates that a second call request will follow, for a second call to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B.</b> To provide the source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> with information related to the second call, the call request message also contains the identity of the alternate source UNI <b>408G</b> as well as the identity of the alternate destination UNI <b>408J.</b> A constraint is indicated for the second call, requiring that the second call has a path diverse from the path for the first call.

0062The source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> computes a path between the source UNI <b>408E</b> and the destination UNI <b>408H</b> and may also compute a path, for the second call, between the alternate source UNI <b>408G</b> and the alternate destination UNI <b>408J,</b> where the path for the second call is diverse from the path for the first call.

0063The source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> then establishes the first requested call over the path computed for the first call to destination Network Call Controller <b>404H,</b> and may establish a connection for that call. The call request message is then sent over the destination UNI <b>408H</b> to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B.</b> The destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> accepts the call by sending a call accept message to the destination Network Call Controller <b>404H</b> over the destination UNI <b>408H.</b> The call accept message includes an identity of the destination UNI <b>408J</b> that is not used by the first one of the requested calls. Note that this destination UNI identity need not be encrypted. The destination Network Call Controller <b>404H</b> passes the call accept message to the source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> and the source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> passes the call accept message to the source Client Call Controller <b>406A.</b> By the time the call accept message is sent to the source Client Call Controller <b>406A,</b> the call accept message may also include detailed information about the path computed for the first requested call and, perhaps, the path computed for the second requested call. This path information should be encrypted.

0064The source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> receives the call accept message over the source UNI <b>408E</b> and initiates the second call by sending a call request message over the alternative source UNI <b>408G.</b> The call request message, including the path information, received in the call accept message, such as the identity of the destination UNI <b>408J</b> for the second call, is received by the alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G.</b>

0065The alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G</b> computes a path for the second call, taking into account received encrypted information about the path of the first call that was included in the call request message. Alternatively, where the source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> has already computed a path for the second call that is diverse from the path for the first call, the alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G</b> may simply decrypt, from the information included in the call request message, a description of the computed path for the second call.

0066Independent of whether the path for the second call is computed or merely decrypted, the alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G</b> may then establish the second call, over the path for the second call, to the destination Network Call Controller <b>404J</b> associated with the destination UNI <b>408J.</b> A connection may be established along with the second call. The destination Network Call Controller <b>404J</b> then employs the destination UNI <b>408J</b> to send the call request message to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B.</b>

0067In the above example, a first call request message requests a first call to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> and indicates that a second call request will follow, for a second call to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B.</b> It may be the case, however, that a first call has been established without specifying that a second call would follow. It may subsequently be decided that a second call is required and that the second call should have a path diverse from the path for the first call.

0068Consider that a first call exists between the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> and the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> and that the first call uses the source UNI <b>408E,</b> the source Network Call Controller <b>404E,</b> the destination Network Call Controller 404H and the destination UNI <b>408H</b>. Further, consider that the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> has established the first call as a single call without knowledge of any future desired calls. Subsequently, the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> requires a second call to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B</b> with a constraint that the path for the second call should be diverse from the path for the first call.

0069Before sending a call request message, the source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> sends a query message to the source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> to request information about the first connection. The source Network Call Controller <b>404E</b> responds with a query response message that includes encrypted details about the first call.

0070The source Client Call Controller <b>406A</b> may then include the encrypted details about the first call in a call request message for the second call. The call request message for the second call is then sent, by the source Client Call Controller <b>406A,</b> to the alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G</b> over the alternative source UNI <b>408G.</b> Alternatively, the call request message for the second call may be sent to the source Network Call Controller <b>404E.</b>

0071The alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G</b> receives the call request message for the second call and attempts to compute a path to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B,</b> where the computed path for the second call is diverse from the path already in use for the first call. If successful, the alternative source Network Call Controller <b>404G</b> may establish the second call, over the computed path for the second call, to the destination Network Call Controller <b>404J</b> associated with the destination UNI <b>408J.</b> A connection may be established along with the second call. The destination Network Call Controller <b>404J</b> then employs the destination UNI <b>408J</b> to send the call request message to the destination Client Call Controller <b>406B.</b>

0072In the E-NNI Diverse Path application, the proposed method uses call accept messages to pass information about the gateway Network Call Controllers used in establishing paths. Since the identifiers for gateway Network Call Controllers are public addresses, the information about the gateway Network Call Controllers need not be encrypted. With reference to <figref idref="f0005">FIG. 5</figref>, a possible sequence of events begins when the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> sends a call request message to a source Network Call Controller <b>504</b> using one of the available UNIs <b>508,</b> say UNI <b>508E.</b> The call request message requests a first call, to the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B,</b> but indicates that a request for a second call, to the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B,</b> will be requested. The second call is requested to have a path diverse from the path of the first call. The first call request message may include the identity of the possible destination UNIs <b>508V, 508X</b> as well as the identity of the other source UNI <b>508G</b> for the second call.

0073As will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> may not be aware of the identities of the possible destination UNIs <b>508V</b>, <b>508X,</b> but should have a capability to learn these identities through a query to a network entity (not shown) that maintains a mapping of Client Call Controllers <b>506</b> to identities of UNIs <b>508.</b> The Domain Name Service of the present-day Internet serves such a purpose.

0074The source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> determines that the possible destination UNIs <b>508V, 508X</b> are in the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z</b> and selects one of the egress gateway Network Call Controllers <b>504R, 504S</b> that connect the source connection oriented network <b>502Y</b> to the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z.</b>

0075Where it is considered that the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> has selected the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> to reach the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z,</b> the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> calculates a path to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> and establishes a call over the calculated path. A connection may be established along with the first call. The source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> may also select the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S</b> for use by the second requested call. Where the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> has selected the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S</b> for use by the second requested call, the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> may also calculate a path for the second requested call.

0076A call request message, for the first call, may then be sent to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R.</b> Where the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> selects the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T,</b> the call request message is forwarded over the E-NNI 510T to the selected ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T.</b> Included in the call request message sent to the selected ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> is an non-encrypted indication of the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S</b> for use by the second requested call. Furthermore, in an encrypted form, the call request message may include information about the intermediate path segment end points in the source connection oriented network <b>502Y</b> used in the path for the first call. Additionally, the call request message may include encrypted information about the intermediate path segment end points in the source connection oriented network 502Y in the calculated path for the second call.

0077The selected ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T,</b> upon receiving the call request message, may note that, in future, a second call request message will be arriving, at the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z,</b> from the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S.</b> Responsive to noting the second call request message, the selected ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> may select another ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> for the second call. The selection of the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> for the second call may then be recorded in the call request message. The selected ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> then selects one of the destination Network Call Controllers <b>504V, 504X,</b> say the destination Network Call Controller <b>504V,</b> and calculates a path to the selected destination Network Call Controller <b>504V.</b> The selected ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504T</b> may also calculate a path for the second call from the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> to the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X.</b>

0078A connection may be established along with the call. The call request message may then be passed from the selected destination Network Call Controller <b>504V</b> to the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B</b> over the UNI <b>508V</b> that connects the Call Controllers.

0079Where the destination Client Call Controller <b>5068</b> accepts the call, the call accept message directed to the source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> may include information identifying the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S</b> for the second call, which does not need to be encrypted. The call accept message may also include the encrypted information about the path from the source Network Call Controller <b>504E</b> to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504R</b> and the encrypted information about the path from the other source Network Call Controller <b>504G</b> to the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S,</b> if such a path was calculated. Additionally, the call accept message may include the identity of the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> for the second call, which does not need to be encrypted. The call accept message may include an indication of the identity of the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X,</b> for the second call. Furthermore, the call accept message may include encrypted information identifying intermediate path segment end points in the path, for the first call, from the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> to the destination Network Call Controller <b>504X</b> and intermediate path segment end points in the path, for the second call, from the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> to the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X,</b> if the latter path was calculated.

0080The source Client Call Controller <b>506A</b> receives the call accept message over the initially selected UNI <b>508E</b> and initiates the second call by sending a call request message over the other source UNI <b>508G</b>. When the other source Network Call Controller <b>504G</b> receives the call request message, the information included in the call request message may indicate to the other source Network Call Controller <b>504G</b> that the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S</b> should be used to reach the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z.</b> The information included in the call request message may also indicate, preferably in encrypted form, a diverse path for a call between the other source Network Call Controller <b>504G</b> and the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S.</b> The other source Network Call Controller <b>504G</b> may then establish the second call over a path to the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S,</b> whether that path was supplied in the call request message or calculated independently, with awareness of the decrypted information relating to the path for the first call.

0081When the call request message is received by the other egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504S,</b> indications included within the call request message allow the call request message to be forwarded over the E-NNI <b>510U</b> to the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U.</b>

0082When the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> receives the call request message, information included within the call request message may allow the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> to use the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X</b> as a destination for a path for the second call. The call request message may also include encrypted information providing a path from the other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> to the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X.</b> The other ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>504U</b> may then establish a call to the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X</b> and establish a connection over the established call.

0083At the other destination Network Call Controller <b>504X,</b> the call request message is forwarded to the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B</b> over the UNI <b>508X</b> that connects the two Call Controllers.

0084Assuming the destination Client Call Controller <b>506B</b> accepts the call request message, the two end-to-end diverse paths are composed by three diverse elements: 1) a path in the source connection-oriented network <b>502Y;</b> 2) an E-NNI <b>510</b> connecting the source connection-oriented network <b>502Y</b> to the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z;</b> and 3) a path in the destination connection-oriented network <b>502Z.</b>

0085In the Multi-Network Diverse Path application, the proposed method includes identifiers of networks, instead of identifiers of UNIs, in the call processing signaling messages. With reference to <figref idref="f0006">FIG. <b>6</b></figref>, a possible sequence of events begins when the source Client Call Controller <b>606A</b> sends a call request message to a source Network Call Controller <b>604</b> using one of the available UNIs <b>608,</b> say UNI <b>608E.</b>

0086The call request message requests a first call, to the destination Client Call Controller <b>606B,</b> but indicates that a request for a second call, to the same destination Client Call Controller <b>606B.</b> will be requested. The second call is requested to have a path diverse from the path of the first call. The first call request message includes the identity of the possible destination UNIs <b>608V, 608L</b> as well as the identity of the second source connection-oriented network <b>602Y2</b> to be used by the second call.

0087The first source Network Call Controller <b>604E</b> in the first source connection-oriented network <b>602Y1,</b> given that the second call is to be established in a different network, selects the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604R</b> and calculates a path for the first call without consideration of a need for a diverse path for a second call. A connection between first source Network Call Controller <b>604E</b> and the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604R</b> may be established along with the call.

0088When the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604R</b> receives the call request message, the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604R</b> selects an ingress gateway Network Call Controller in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P.</b> In particular, the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> is selected while taking into consideration that an ingress gateway Network Call Controller in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P</b> may be selected, for the second call, by an egress gateway Network Call Controller in the second source connection-oriented network <b>602Y2.</b>

0089When the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> receives a call request, the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> may, in consideration of the second call, select the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> for the second call. The identity of the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> for the second call may then be included in the call request message as the message is further propagated.

0090Where the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> has an awareness that the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PT</b> can be used to connect to the first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1</b> over the E-NNI <b>610T</b> and can be used to connect to the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2</b> over the E-NNI <b>610M2,</b> the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> may also have awareness that the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> can be used to connect to the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2</b> over the E-NNI <b>610M1.</b> Given this awareness, the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> may select the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PT</b> for the first call and the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> for the second call. The identity of the E-NNI <b>610M1</b> for use by the second call may be recorded in the call request message.

0091The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> may then proceed to calculate a path to the selected egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PT</b> for the first call, establish a call over that path and establish a connection for that call. The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PR</b> may also calculate a path from the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> for the second call, where the path for the second call is diverse from the path for the first call.

0092When the call request message is received by the selected egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PT,</b> the call request message may include the identity of the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> for the second call (without encryption), the identity of the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> for the second call (without encryption) and information relating to the intermediate path segment end points, within the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P,</b> used in the path for the first call. The received call request message may also include information relating to the intermediate path segment end points for use in the path calculated for the second call.

0093The egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PT</b> then selects the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604T</b> in the first destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z1</b> and passes the call request message over the E-NNI <b>610T</b> to the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604T.</b> Given that the second call will be making use of the second destination connection-oriented network <b>602Z2</b> (an indication of which being included in the call request message), the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604T</b> may calculate a path to the first destination Network Call Controller <b>604V</b> without consideration of the second call. The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604T</b> may then establish a call over the calculated path and establish a connection for that call. The first destination Network Call Controller <b>604V</b> may then pass the call request message to the destination Client Call Controller <b>606B</b> over the corresponding UNI <b>608V.</b>

0094The destination Client Call Controller <b>606B,</b> upon receiving the call request message may generate a call accept message and send the call accept message back to the source Client Call Controller <b>606A.</b>

0095The source Client Call Controller <b>606A,</b> upon receiving the call accept message, may initiate the second call by sending a call request message to the second source Network Call Controller <b>604Q</b> over the UNI <b>608Q.</b>

0096As described hereinbefore, when the call request message is received by the second source Network Call Controller <b>604Q,</b> the call request message may include the identity of the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> for the second call (without encryption), the identity of the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> for the second call (without encryption). The received call request message may also include information relating to the intermediate path segment end points for use in the path calculated for the second call.

0097The second source Network Call Controller <b>604Q,</b> aware that the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604K</b> connects to the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK,</b> may calculate a path to the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604K,</b> establish a call over the calculated path and establish a connection for that call.

0098Upon receiving the call request message, the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604K</b> may learn from the call request message that the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> is to be the next recipient of the call request message.

0099The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK,</b> upon reviewing the received call request message, may be made aware of the identity of the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> for the second call and, perhaps, even the intermediate path segment end points for use in the path already calculated for the second call. The information relating to these intermediate path segment end points is preferably encrypted in such a way that the information may only be decrypted by a Network Call Controller in the intermediate connection-oriented network <b>602P.</b> The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PK</b> may then establish a call over the already calculated path or over a path calculated with awareness of the intermediate path segment end point used by the path for the first call. A connection may be established along with the call.

0100When the call request message is received by the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM,</b> the egress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604PM</b> may learn from the call request message that the ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604M</b> is to be the next recipient of the call request message.

0101The ingress gateway Network Call Controller <b>604M,</b> upon receipt of the call request message, calculates a path to the second destination Network Call Controller <b>604L</b> and establishes a call and connection based on the calculated path.

0102The call request message, once received by the second destination Network Call Controller <b>604L,</b> may then be passed on to the destination Client Call Controller <b>606B.</b> The destination Client Call Controller <b>606B,</b> upon receiving the call request message for the second call, may generate a call accept message and send the call accept message back to the source Client Call Controller <b>606A.</b>

0103To incorporate aspects of the present invention into existing network practices, some changes may be required. For instance, an indication that a second call (on a diverse path) is to be established may be considered when performing path computation for a first path. As well, existing network practices do not typically include a provision for a query message from a Client Call Controller to a Network Call Controller and a query response message back to the Client Call Controller from the Network Call Controller. Recall that the response message contains encrypted network information. Additionally, the protocol used on an E-NNI should support the exchange of such information as an identifier of a gateway Network Call Controller and identifier of a network.

0104Aspects of the present invention require the encryption of call and connection information in a call request message when the call request message is sent over a UNI by a source Client Call Controller, when the call request message is sent over a UNI to a destination Client Call Controller and when the call request message is sent from an egress gateway Network Call Controller to an ingress gateway Network Call Controller over an E-NNI. Encrypted call and connection information may also be included in a call accept message passed from a destination Client Call Controller to a source Client Call Controller and in a call reject message passed from a source Network Call Controller to source Client Call Controller. Aspects of the present invention may also require the indication, in a call request message, of UNIs, E-NNIs and networks to be used by a second call. Since the identifier of a UNI or a E-NNI is a public address, and the public knows the identifier of network, this information does not need to be encrypted. Aspects of the present invention may further require the use of a new error code in call reject messages. The new error code would be used to indicate information about the call and connection being rejected.

0105Call processing in networks adapted to employ aspects of the present invention may be required to have an ability to support connection separation when a call is across multiple networks. A gateway Network Call Controller is required for both the network egress and network ingress side of an E-NNI. Additionally, call processing in networks adapted to employ aspects of the present invention may be required to have an ability to amend signaling messages to include encrypted information and, conversely, have an ability to strip decrypted information from signaling messages.

0106According to aspects of the present invention, each network is required to manage an encryption key and the encryption key for a given network is required to be distributed to all of the Network Call Controllers in the given network.

0107In a given network operating according to aspects of the present invention, a Network Call Controller may receive a call request message including information, such as that relating to a path for a first call, that is encrypted with an encryption key particular to the given network. However, if the Network Call Controller is, for some reason, unaware of the encryption key then the Network Call Controller may proceed to calculate a path for the requested call without the benefit of the encrypted information. In such instance, there is no guarantee of diversity between the calculated path and the path whose description was encrypted.

0108A Client Call Controller in a network practicing aspects of the present invention should be able to send a call request message responsive to receiving a call accept message for another call. Additionally, a Client Call Controller in a network practicing aspects of the present invention should be able to send a call request message responsive to receiving a call reject message related to another call.

0109It has been stated throughout the above that call processing messages are sent over connections that have been established over calls (in-band signaling). As will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, the network entities may communicate with one another, for instance, to exchange call processing messages, using a secondary network (out-of-band signaling). Such a secondary network is exemplified in the well-known Common Channel Signaling (i.e., CCS 7) communication scheme.

0110In summary, information relating to paths for established calls or paths for yet to be established calls can be included in call establishment signaling, such that the information reaches those Network Call Controllers that can use the information. Advantageously, those Call Controllers that cannot use the information, i.e., those Network Call Controllers in other networks and Client Call Controllers are barred from accessing the information by use of an encryption key that is only known within the network to which the encrypted information relates.

0111It should be apparent to a person skilled in the art the use of diverse paths through the various networks described herein above may allow for protection switching. That is, where a connection between Client Call Controllers is setup using a first call and a path segment in the first call experiences a fault, the connection may be set up using a previously established second call. Where the path of the second call is diverse from the path of the first call, it is unlikely that the fault in the first call will affect the operability of the second call.

0112Any suitable form of encryption may be used. Since the encryption occurs in the network entitled the information, conveniently, data may be encrypted with a secret key known only in the network. Which key may also be used in the network to later decrypt the data in this regard, for example, a DES encryption key may be used as the secret key.

0113Other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and, therefore, the invention is defined in the claims.