Ettringite binder for dense mortar, comprising calcium sulphates and a mineral compound of calcium aluminates
18 claims: 18 independent, 0 dependent
- 1Mortar comprising an ettringite binder for dense mortar, said binder comprising calcium sulphates and a calcium aluminate mineral compound, characterized in that the calcium aluminate mineral compound comprises calcium C and aluminium A oxides, soluble and combined into one or more crystallized and/or amorphous mineralogical phases, in such proportions that:- the useful C/A molar ratio of the calcium aluminate mineral compound ranges from 1.2 to 2.7;- the sum based in weight of the useful (C+A) phases is at least 30% of the total weight of the mineral compound;- the molar ratio calcium sulphate/aluminium A oxide in the ettringite binder ranges from 0.5 to 2. Mortier contenant un liant ettringitique pour mortier dense, ledit liant comprenant des sulfates de calcium et un composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium, caractérisé en ce que le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium comprend des oxydes de calcium C et d'aluminium A, solubles et combinés en une ou plusieurs phases minéralogiques cristallisées et/ou amorphes, dans des proportions telles que : - le rapport molaire C/A utile du composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium est compris entre 1,2 et 2,7;- la somme en poids des phases (C+A) utiles représente au moins 30% du poids total du composé minéral;- le rapport molaire sulfate de calcium/oxyde d'aluminium A dans le liant ettringitique est compris entre 0,5 et 2. Mörtel, der ein Ettringit-Bindemittel für dichten Mörtel enthält, wobei das Bindemittel Calciumsulfate und eine mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten Calciumoxid C und Aluminiumoxid A, die in einer oder mehreren kristallisierten und/oder amorphen mineralogischen Phasen löslich und kombiniert sind, in solchen Anteilen umfasst, dass: - das nutzbare Stoffmengenverhältnis C/A der mineralischen Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten zwischen 1,2 und 2,7 liegt;- die Gewichtssumme der nutzbaren Phasen (C+A) wenigstens 30% des Gesamtgewichts der mineralischen Verbindung ausmacht;- das Stoffmengenverhältnis von Calciumsulfat/Aluminiumoxid A in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel zwischen 0,5 und 2 liegt.
- 2Mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that the in ettringite binder, the calcium aluminate mineral compound/calcium sulphate weight ratio ranges from 0.5 to 4, preferably from 1.5 to 3. Mortier selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le rapport pondéral composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium/sulfate de calcium est compris entre 0,5 et 4, de préférence entre 1,5 et 3. Mörtel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis von mineralischer Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten zu Calciumsulfat in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel zwischen 0,5 und 4, vorzugsweise zwischen 1,5 und 3, liegt.
- 3Mortar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the ettringite binder the useful C/A molar ratio of the calcium aluminate mineral compound ranges from 1.3 to 2.5, preferably from 1.6 to 2. Mortier selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le rapport molaire C/A utile du composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium est compris entre 1,3 et 2,5, de préférence entre 1,6 et 2. Mörtel gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das nutzbare Stoffmengenverhältnis C/A der mineralischen Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel zwischen 1,3 und 2,5, vorzugsweise zwischen 1,6 und 2, liegt.
- 4Mortar according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the ettringite binder the calcium sulphate/aluminium A oxide molar ratio in the ettringite binder ranges from 0.6 to 1.8, preferably from 0.8 to 1.7. Mortier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le rapport molaire sulfate de calcium/oxyde d'aluminium A dans le liant ettringitique est compris entre 0,6 et 1,8, de préférence entre 0,8 et 1,7. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stoffmengenverhältnis von Calciumsulfat/Aluminiumoxid A in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel zwischen 0,6 und 1,8, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,8 und 1,7, liegt.
- 5Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mortar has, when mixed with water, a water/solids weight ratio lower than 0. 5. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le mortier présente au moment du gâchage avec l'eau un rapport pondéral eau/solides inférieur à 0,5. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mörtel zum Zeitpunkt des Anrührens mit dem Wasser ein Gewichtsverhältnis von Wasser/Feststoffen von unter 0,5 aufweist.
- 6Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mortar does not comprise any Portland cement or hydraulic lime, or comprises Portland cement and/or hydraulic lime at a content lower than 3.5% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le mortier ne comprend pas de ciment portland ni de chaux hydraulique, ou comprend du ciment Portland et/ou de la chaux hydraulique à une teneur inférieure à 3,5% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mörtel weder Portlandzement noch hydraulischen Kalk umfasst oder dass er Portlandzement und/oder hydraulischen Kalk in einem Gehalt von weniger als 3,5 Gew.-% umfasst, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des trockenen Mörtels.
- 7Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the ettringite binder the sum in weight of the useful (C+A) phases is at least 50% in weight based on the total weight of the calcium aluminate mineral compound. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, la somme en poids des phases (C+A) utiles représente au moins 50% en poids du poids total du composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtssumme der nutzbaren Phasen (C+A) in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel wenigstens 50 Gew.-% des Gesamtgewichts der mineralischen Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten ausmacht.
- 8Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the ettringite binder the calcium aluminate mineral compound is obtained through baking in an oven at a temperature higher than 1100°C, as one or more molten or sintered clinkers able to contain crystallized phases or amorphous phases. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium est obtenu par cuisson dans un four à une température supérieure à 1100°C, sous forme de un ou plusieurs clinkers fondus ou frittés qui peuvent contenir des phases cristallisées ou des phases amorphes. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel durch Brennen in einem Ofen bei einer Temperatur von über 1100 °C in Form von einem oder mehreren geschmolzenen oder gesinterten Klinkern erhalten wird, die kristallisierte Phasen oder amorphe Phasen enthalten können.
- 9Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the ettringite binder, the calcium aluminate mineral compound is as a crystallized mineralogical phase selected among CA, C12A7, C3A, C4A3$, or as an amorphous phase, or as a mixture of at least one of said crystallized mineralogical phases and one amorphous phase. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium est sous une phase minéralogique cristallisée choisie parmi CA, C12A7, C3A, C4A3S, ou sous une phase amorphe, ou sous la forme d'un mélange d'au moins une desdites phases minéralogiques cristallisées et d'une phase amorphe. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel in Form einer kristallisierten mineralogischen Phase, die aus CA, C12A7, C3A und C4A3$ ausgewählt ist, oder einer amorphen Phase oder in Form eines Gemischs von wenigstens einer der genannten kristallisierten mineralogischen Phasen und einer amorphen Phase vorliegt.
- 10Mortar according to claim 9, characterized in that in the ettringite binder the calcium aluminate mineral compound comprises at least 30% in weight of C12A7, preferably at least 50% in weight of C12A7, more preferably from 50% to 85% in weight of C12A7 based on the total weight of the mineral compound. Mortier selon la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium comprend au moins 30% en poids de C12A7, de préférence au moins 50% en poids de C12A7, mieux de 50% à 85% en poids de C12A7 par rapport au poids total du composé minéral. Mörtel gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel wenigstens 30 Gew.-% C12A7, vorzugsweise wenigstens 50 Gew.-% C12A7, besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 85 Gew.-% C12A7 umfasst, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der mineralischen Verbindung.
- 11Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the ettringite binder the calcium aluminate mineral compound comprises at least one crystallized mineralogical phase selected among C2A(1-x)Fx, C2S, C2AS, C3S and mixtures thereof, where x is an integer belonging to ]0;1]. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium comprend au moins une phase minéralogique cristallisée choisie parmi C2A(1-x)Fx, C2S, C2AS, C3S et leurs mélanges, où x est un entier appartenant à 10 ;1]. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel wenigstens eine kristallisierte mineralogische Phase umfasst, die aus C2A(1-x)Fx, C2S, C2AS, C3S und ihren Gemischen ausgewählt ist, wobei x eine Zahl ist, die zu dem Intervall ]0;1] gehört.
- 12Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the ettringite binder, the calcium aluminate mineral compound is ground and has a Blaine surface area higher than or equal to 1500 cm2/g. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium est broyé et présente une surface spécifique Blaine supérieure ou égale à 1500cm2/g. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel gemahlen ist und eine spezifische Oberfläche nach Blaine von größer oder gleich 1500 cm2/g aufweist.
- 13Mortar according to claim 12, characterized in that in the ettringite binder, the calcium aluminate mineral compound is ground and has a Blaine surface area ranging from 2000 cm2/g to 5000 cm2/g. Mortier selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le composé minéral d'aluminates de calcium est broyé à une surface spécifique Blaine comprise entre 2000 cm2/g et 5000 cm2/g. Mörtel gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mineralische Verbindung von Calciumaluminaten in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel bis zu einer spezifischen Oberfläche nach Blaine zwischen 2000 cm2/g und 5000 cm2/g gemahlen ist.
- 14Mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that in that in the ettringite binder, the calcium sulphate is derived from a compound selected among anhydrites, semi-hydrates, gypsum and mixtures thereof. Mortier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que, dans le liant ettringitique, le sulfate de calcium provient d'un composé choisi parmi les anhydrites, les semi-hydrates, le gypse et leurs mélanges. Mörtel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Calciumsulfat in dem Ettringit-Bindemittel aus einer Verbindung stammt, die aus Anhydriten, Semihydraten, Gips und ihren Gemischen ausgewählt ist.
- 15A dry mortar characterized in that it comprises:- an ettringite binder as defined in claims 1 to 14: from 15% to 75% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- chalk fillers or siliceous sands: from 25% to 85% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- lime and/or Portland cement: from 0% to 3.5% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- redispersible powder polymers: from 0% to 8% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar, and/or solid-liquid dispersion polymers: from 0% to 20% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar, and- rheological additives and/or setting regulating additives. Mortier sec caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend: - liant ettringitique tel que défini dans les revendications 1 à 14 : de 15% à 75% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- fillers calcaires ou sables siliceux : de 25 à 85% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- chaux et/ou ciment Portland: de 0% à 3,5% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- polymères en poudre redispersable : de 0% à 8% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec, et/ou : polymères en dispersion solide-liquide : de 0% à 20% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- des additifs de rhéologie et/ou des additifs régulateurs de prise. Trockenmörtel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Folgendes umfasst: - Ettringit-Bindemittel, wie es in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 14 definiert ist: 15 bis 17 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Füllstoffe in Form von Kalk oder Kieselsanden: 25 bis 85 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Kalk und/oder Portlandzement: 0 bis 3,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Polymere in Form von redispergierbarem Pulver: 0 bis 8 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels, und/oder Polymere in Form einer Fest-Flüssig-Dispersion: 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Rheologieadditive und/oder Abbinderegulatoren.
- 16A dry mortar according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises:- an ettringite binder as defined in claims 1 to 14: from 20% to 50% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- chalk fillers or siliceous sands: from 50% to 80% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- lime and/or Portland cement: from 0% to 0.5% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- redispersible powder polymers: from 0% to 5% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar, and/or solid-liquid dispersion polymers: from 0% to 15% in weight based on the total weight of the dry mortar,- rheological additives and/or setting regulating additives. Mortier sec selon la revendication 15 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend: - liant ettringitique tel que défini dans les revendications 1 à 14 : de 20% à 50% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- fillers calcaires ou sables siliceux : de 50 à 80% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- chaux et/ou ciment Portland : de 0% à 0,5% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- polymères en poudre redispersable : de 0% à 5% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec, et/ou : polymères en dispersion solide-liquide : de 0% à 15% en poids par rapport au poids total du mortier sec;- des additifs de rhéologie et/ou des additifs régulateurs de prise. Trockenmörtel gemäß Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Folgendes umfasst: - Ettringit-Bindemittel, wie es in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 14 definiert ist: 20 bis 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Füllstoffe in Form von Kalk oder Kieselsanden: 50 bis 80 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Kalk und/oder Portlandzement: 0 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Polymere in Form von redispergierbarem Pulver: 0 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels, und/oder Polymere in Form einer Fest-Flüssig-Dispersion: 0 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Trockenmörtels;- Rheologieadditive und/oder Abbinderegulatoren.
- 17A dry mortar according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the rheological additives are from 0.1 % to 0.5% of the total weight of the dry mortar, and the setting regulating additives are from 0.1 % to 0.5% of the total weight of the dry mortar. Mortier sec selon les revendications 15 ou 16 caractérisé en ce que les additifs de rhéologie représentent de 0,1% à 0,5% du poids total du mortier sec, et les additifs régulateurs de prise représentent de 0,1% à 0,5% du poids total du mortier sec. Trockenmörtel gemäß den Ansprüchen 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rheologieadditive 0,1 bis 0,5% des Gesamtgewichts des Trockenmörtels ausmachen und die Abbinderegulatoren 0,1 bis 0,5% des Gesamtgewichts des Trockenmörtels ausmachen.
- 18A wet mortar obtained through mixing a dry mortar such as defined in claims 1 to 17, with water in such an amount that the water/solids weight ratio is lower than 0.5. Feuchter Mörtel, erhalten durch Anrühren des Trockenmörtels, wie er in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 17 definiert ist, mit Wasser in einer solchen Menge, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis von Wasser/Feststoffen weniger als 0,5 beträgt. Mortier humide obtenu par gâchage du mortier sec tel que défini dans les revendications 1 à 17, avec de l'eau dans une quantité telle que le rapport pondéral eau/solides soit inférieur à 0,5.
Independent claims18
116 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to a mortar, in particular a dense mortar, preferably having a water / solid weight ratio of less than 0.5, comprising an ettringitic binder, said binder comprising a mineral compound of calcium aluminates and calcium sulphate.
By ettringitic binder is meant a hydraulic binder, the components of which, upon hydration under normal conditions of use, give ettringite, which is a calcium trisulphoaluminate corresponding to the formula 3CaO, Al, as the main hydrate.<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.3CaSO<sub>4</sub>.32H<sub>2</sub>O.
By solids is meant all the dry constituents of the mortar.
The invention also relates to a dry mortar formulated from this ettringitic binder comprising the mineral compound of calcium aluminates and calcium sulphate.
The invention also relates to a wet mortar obtained by mixing the dry mortar as defined above, with water in an amount such that the weight ratio water / solids is less than 0.5.
The ettringitic binder comprising a mineral compound of calcium aluminates and calcium sulphate is intended to be used in construction mortars and concretes for which a rapid return to service of the structure is expected. In particular, it makes it possible to constitute products for repairing and preparing floors, such as, for example, screeds, smoothing coatings, tile adhesives.
The rapid return to service of structures requires reaching, depending on the applications, a minimum level of mechanical resistance at a given time, and / or a recovery time defined by the residual moisture in the material. Quick return to service products are conventionally made from a binder, the hydration of which leads to the formation of ettringite.
In the application of smoothing plaster, for example, according to the specifications of the Scientific and Technical Center for Building ("Products and systems for preparing interior floors for laying thin floor coverings" - Technical guide for technical advice and classification P. CSTB notebooks, n ° 2893 - Delivery 370 of June 1996), the products must meet both mechanical performance criteria, adhesion performance, and fitness for use criteria (consistency of the paste, fluidity (spreading diameter of the dough previously poured into a ring 30 mm high and 50 mm in diameter) and gel time).
In addition to the values imposed by CSTB, fast leveling plasters must meet at least the following criteria under normal conditions of temperature and hygrometry:<ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>spreading of 150 mm at 7 and 20 min deadlines</li><li>mechanical compressive strengths greater than 4 MPa at 4:00 a.m .;</li><li>24h recovery time (3% residual moisture in the material for application thicknesses less than 10 mm);</li><li>mechanical compressive strengths greater than 25 MPa at 28 days.</li></ul>
The chemical reaction for the formation of ettringite is as follows: 6Ca<sup>2+</sup> + 2Al (OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> + 3SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> + 4OH<sup>-</sup> + 26H<sub>2</sub>O → 3CaOAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.3CaSO<sub>4</sub>.32H<sub>2</sub>O
The solubility product of ettringite at equilibrium is: K<sub>and</sub> = 4.9 x 10<sup>-44</sup>. The speed of ettringite formation (nucleation rate and growth of ettringite crystals) is dependent on several parameters, including the supersaturation coefficient β, related to the energy available for the formation of nuclei: β = (a<sub>Ca2 +</sub>)<sup>6</sup>*(at<sub>Al (OH) 4-</sub>)<sup>2</sup>*(at<sub>SO42-</sub>)<sup>3</sup>*(at<sub>OH-</sub>)<sup>4</sup>/ K<sub>and</sub> where has<sub>i</sub> represents the activities of i ions.
Ettringite can be obtained by the hydration of compositions comprising calcium aluminates and a source of sulphate, and optionally Portland cement and / or lime which bring in solution the ions necessary for carrying out this chemical reaction. Calcium aluminates are combinations of aluminum oxide Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, represented by A in the cement notation, and calcium oxide CaO, represented by C in this same cement notation, these oxides being crystallized in particular in the form C3A, C12A7 and CA.
In practice today formulations of hardening and quick-drying mortars include a combination of calcium aluminates, calcium sulphate and Portland cement, with proportions of each of the constituents which are difficult to define because it is necessary to be able to control the hydration. in the form of ettringite, so as to achieve the best compromise between the quantity of ettringite formed which guarantees the drying capacity of the product (quantity of mixing water crystallized in the form of large hydrates) and the morphology of this ettringite, which, for a density of crystals given, guarantees the level of mechanical resistance and the control of dimensional variations throughout the long-term hardening process. This compromise is all the more difficult to achieve since the levels of speed of acquisition of the resistances which it is desired to achieve must be compatible with the characteristics of implementation expected, in particular the time for maintaining the workability.
This compromise is not obtained in a satisfactory manner in the mortars of the prior art.
Thus, for example, US Pat. No. 4,350,533 describes compositions of ettringitic cements based on cements of calcium aluminates, calcium sulphate, in particular in the form of gypsum, and optionally separately supplied lime and Portland cement. However, the kinetics of development of mechanical resistance is much lower than that sought in the context of the present invention.
It is known, for so-called “Mine Packing” applications (where it is sought to fill the cavities which appear in underground structures), to use ettringitic mixtures of calcium aluminates and calcium sulphate. However, the system constraints are very different from the “dense mortar” applications of the invention: the product must be pumpable, set quickly, but with a water / solid ratio of the order of 5 (the important thing in this application being to make a lot of volume), the mechanical resistances in compression at 24 hours do not exceed 5 MPa. Likewise, the durability of the system is not a key criterion, any more than dimensional variations. The constraints existing in “dense mortar” applications are such that it is not possible to use these “mine packing” solutions directly, they must be reformulated and adapted to the constraints of dense systems.
The object of the invention is therefore to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing an ettringitic binder comprising calcium sulphate and a mineral compound of calcium aluminates, making it possible to achieve in dense media the best possible compromise between the maintenance time of the workability and the kinetics of acquisition of the mechanical resistances.
Another advantage of the invention is to allow a rapid return to service of the works, while retaining a workability equivalent to that obtained with mortars of the prior art. For formulations containing binders having the same alumina content, the same level of binder, and an identical Blaine fineness of calcium aluminate, the acquisition of mechanical strengths is thus much faster and the time for recirculation is pedestrian. is twice shorter with mortars produced with the binder according to the invention than with mortars produced with a binder according to the prior art.
The object of the invention is therefore to provide an ettringitic binder for dense mortar, said mortar preferably having at the time of mixing with water a water / solid weight ratio of less than 0.5, said binder comprising calcium sulfates and a mineral compound of calcium aluminates, the aluminates and sulphates and their concentration in the binder being such that the calcium and aluminum ions respectively are released in optimal proportions simultaneously and regularly throughout the hydration process, leading to the formation of ettringite without the early blocking to anhydrous grain-water interfaces, which hinders the dissolution of anhydrous grains and consequently reduces the yield of ettringite formation.
Indeed, the formation of ettringite results directly from the relative dissolution rates of the soluble constituents which will determine the proportions between the calcium, aluminum and sulfate ions in the solution. The concentration of calcium ion acts at the first order on the kinetics of ettringite formation; when high, the formation of ettringite can be extremely rapid, even flash and therefore occur instantaneously around the anhydrous phases containing the other necessary ions, that is to say the sulphates or the aluminates according to the cases. This phenomenon of blocking the reaction interfaces is particularly critical in dense media, and when there are large differences between the rates of release of calcium ions from the different soluble species and / or large differences between the rates of release of calcium ions, aluminum and sulfates. In order to obtain the desired performance for mortars, and in particular for dense mortars, it is necessary to avoid the early and very rapid formation of ettringite around the least soluble grains, which then prevents the normal course of hydration and leads to a dense mortar that does not meet the specifications, especially in terms of short-term mechanical performance.
This phenomenon of blocking the reaction interfaces is one of the reasons explaining that the solutions used in diluted medium cannot be transposed to dense media: in fact, in diluted medium, the dissolution of the different soluble phases is greatly facilitated, which reduces the probability of ettringite formation on contact with the grains.
Likewise, conventional ettringitic binders, comprising Portland cement and / or lime, calcium sulfate and aluminous cements, do not give the best curing kinetic yields. In fact, Portland cement includes very different sources of calcium of mineralogical nature and solubility, such as free lime, C3S, C2S, calcium sulfates, as well as minor species, such as alkali sulfates, extremely soluble which significantly modify the solubilization of the phases containing calcium. This therefore does not allow a constant supply of calcium throughout the hydration process.
With regard to lime, its too rapid dissolution limits the solubilization of the phases containing aluminates. An excess of lime also has strong consequences on the dimensional variations (very strong expansion) and on the morphology of the ettringite formed, which becomes more massive, therefore less structuring (the mechanical resistances are reduced). Its rate of introduction into the mixture is therefore limited, which all the more limits the production yield of ettringite for a given sulfate or aluminate content, and therefore the performance of hardening and rapid drying.
Likewise, an excess of calcium sulphate compared to the phases containing calcium aluminates leads to the same effects as lime, that is to say to lower mechanical strengths and to strong dimensional variations. This is partly explained by the fact that the solubilization of calcium sulfates releases significant amounts of calcium into the aqueous phase. Also, compositions comprising the calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate phases in stoichiometric proportions (calcium sulphate / aluminum oxide A molar ratio equal to 3) cannot allow the production of dense mortars with good hardening properties and dimensional variability under control.
Controlling the hydration of the mortar therefore first of all involves controlling the rate of calcium intake relative to the other ionic species, and in particular aluminum.
The invention therefore relates to a mortar containing an ettringitic binder for dense mortar comprising calcium sulfates and a mineral compound of calcium aluminates, said mineral compound of calcium aluminates comprising calcium oxides C and aluminum A, soluble and combined into one or more crystallized and / or amorphous mineralogical phases, in proportions such as:<ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>the useful C / A molar ratio of the mineral calcium aluminate compound is between 1.2 and 2.7;</li><li>the sum by weight of the useful phases (C + A) represents at least 30% of the total weight of the mineral compound.</li></ul>
Preferably, the mineral compound calcium aluminates / calcium sulphate weight ratio is between 0.5 and 4, better still between 1.5 and 3.
According to the invention, the molar ratio of calcium sulphate / aluminum oxide A in the ettringitic binder is between 0.5 and 2.
According to a preferred embodiment, the useful C / A molar ratio of the mineral calcium aluminate compound is between 1.3 and 2.5, better still between 1.6 and 2.
Furthermore, advantageously, the molar ratio of calcium sulphate / aluminum oxide A in the ettringitic binder is between 0.6 and 1.8, preferably between 0.8 and 1.7.
By useful oxides C and A is meant the oxides C and A which, when dissolved, in admixture with the other chosen constituents of the mortar composition, among which calcium sulphate, give a coefficient of supersaturation β > 1.
By useful phase is meant a phase which releases useful oxides C and A.
Thus, the C2AS phases, the ferrites, are not useful phases (they are called "inert phases"). Conversely, phases C12A7, C3A, glasses, C4A3 $ (where $ represents SO3 in cement notation), CA, for example, are useful phases.
The useful C / A molar ratio of the mineral calcium aluminate compound is therefore the molar ratio of all of the oxides C and A of the mineral calcium aluminate compound which are found in the useful phases. Likewise, the sum by weight of the useful phases (C + A) is the sum by weight of the phases comprising the oxides C and A and which are useful phases.
The calcium and aluminum ions in solution are thus supplied throughout the reaction in the proportions determined by the useful C / A molar ratio of the mineral compound of calcium aluminates.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dense mortar comprising the ettringitic binder exhibits at the time of mixing with water a water / solid weight ratio of less than 0.5.
The ettringitic binder according to the invention makes it possible to obtain excellent yields of ettringite formation and therefore good curing kinetics without requiring, for the formulation of the mortar, a complementary source of calcium ions. Another advantage by eliminating this complementary source of calcium, which can be either lime or Portland cement, is that we obtain more regular mortar compositions in performance on the important criteria of the application, Portland cement in particular having a very variable content of minor species, whose impact on the formation of ettringite is decisive.
Thus, preferably, the mortars comprising the ettringitic binder according to the invention do not include Portland cement or hydraulic lime. They can nevertheless tolerate a small percentage of hydraulic lime and / or Portland cement, up to a limit of 3.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar.
According to a preferred embodiment, the sum by weight of the useful phases (C + A) represents at least 50% by weight of the total weight of the mineral calcium aluminate compound.
The mineral calcium aluminate compound included in the binder used to formulate the mortar can be obtained by baking materials rich in aluminum oxide A, including bauxites, and limestone, in an oven at a temperature above 1100 °. vs. It can be obtained in the form of one or more molten or sintered clinkers which can contain crystallized phases or amorphous phases or result from a mixture of different mineral compounds comprising calcium aluminates, themselves obtained by cooking or not. The oven used can be any type of oven conventionally used for the formation of clinkers, such as reverberatory ovens, tunnel ovens, rotary ovens or electric, induction or electric arc ovens.
The mineral calcium aluminate compound may be in a crystallized mineralogical phase chosen from CA, C12A7, C3A, C4A3 $ or in an amorphous phase, or in the form of a mixture of at least one of said crystallized mineralogical phases and d 'an amorphous phase. Preferably, the mineral compound comprises at least 30% by weight of C12A7, more preferably at least 50% by weight of C12A7, better still from 50% to 85% by weight of C12A7, relative to the total weight of the mineral compound.
The mineral calcium aluminate compound can also comprise at least one crystallized mineralogical phase chosen from C2A (1-x) Fx, C2S, C2AS, C3S and their mixtures, where F and S represent Fe respectively<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> in cement notation, and where x is an integer belonging to] 0; 1].
The mineral calcium aluminate compound can be ground and can then have a Blaine specific surface greater than or equal to 1500 cm<sup>2</sup>/ g, preferably between 2000 and 5000 cm<sup>2</sup>/ g.
The calcium sulphate suitable for the binder can come from anhydrites, gypsum, semi-hydrates and their mixtures.
The binder comprising the mineral calcium aluminate compound according to the invention makes it possible to obtain, after addition of aggregates and additives, a dry mortar.
The dry mortar according to the invention comprises:<ul id="ul0003" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>binder according to the invention: from 15% to 75% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>limestone or silica sand fillers: from 25 to 85% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>lime and / or Portland cement: from 0% to 3.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>redispersible powder polymers: from 0% to 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar, and / or: polymers in solid-liquid dispersion: from 0% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>rheology additives and / or setting regulators.</li></ul>
Preferably, the dry mortar according to the invention comprises:<ul id="ul0004" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>binder according to the invention: from 20% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>limestone fillers or silica sands: from 50 to 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>lime and / or Portland cement: from 0% to 0.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>redispersible powder polymers: from 0% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar, and / or: polymers in solid-liquid dispersion: from 0% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry mortar,</li><li>rheology additives and / or setting regulators.</li></ul>
The powdered polymers can be chosen from copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl versatates and ethylene, available for example from the companies Wacker or Elotex, and polyvinyl alcohols.
The polymers in solid-liquid dispersion can be chosen from styrene-butadiene, styrene acrylic, acrylic, vinyl acetate and vinyl and ethylene versatate dispersions, available for example from the company Rohm & Haas.
Rheology additives are classic constituents of mortars which aim to improve the initial rheology of the mixed mortar. Among these rheology additives, mention may be made of casein, melamines, sulfonated formaldehydes, polyoxyethylenated phosphonates (POE), polycarbonate polyethylene oxide (PCP), and their mixtures. These additives are commercially available products. By way of example, mention may be made of the OPTIMA 100® and PREMIA 150® products sold by the company CHRYSO, or MELMENT F10®, MELFLUX PP100F® sold by the company SKW.
The rheology additives preferably represent from 0.1 to 0.5% of the total weight of the dry mortar. They are often associated with water-soluble polymers, the function of which is to limit segregation, such as cellulose ethers, but also welan gums, polysaccharides.
The setting regulating additives can be setting accelerators or setting retarders. They preferably represent from 0.1 to 0.5% of the total weight of the dry mortar. Preferably, tartaric acid can be used in combination with sodium gluconate as a setting retarder.
The dry mortar according to the invention makes it possible to obtain, by mixing with water, a wet mortar. Preferably, the amount of water is such that the weight ratio water / solids is less than 0.5.
The invention also relates to the use of a mineral calcium aluminate compound for the formulation of an ettringitic binder according to the invention.
The invention also relates to the use of a mineral compound of calcium aluminates for the formulation of a dry mortar according to the invention.
The invention finally relates to the use of a mineral calcium aluminate compound for the formulation of a wet mortar according to the invention.
The invention is illustrated and detailed by the following examples. In all the examples, the useful C / A ratio is a molar ratio; the useful percentage (C + A) is expressed by weight relative to the total weight of the mineral compound; the calcium sulphate / Al ratio<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is a molar ratio; the amount of mixing water is given as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the dry components of the mortar.
<u style="single">Example 1- Comparatives 2,3,4,5</u>
A mortar according to the invention is produced, comprising a binder according to the invention (test No. 1). By way of comparison, mortars are produced from binders belonging to the state of the art (tests No. 2,3,4,5).
Table 1 shows the composition of the binders.<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 1</u></title><tgroup cols="6" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="93mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="13mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="11mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="10mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">3</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">5</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Mineral compound of calcium aluminates (SSB = 3000 cm2 / g):</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" rowsep="0" align="center" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- Useful C / A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">1,77</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- (C + A) useful (%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">87</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">55</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- majority phases</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">C12</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">IT</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">A7 65</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">54</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">65</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">63</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">63</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate * (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">35</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">36</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">35</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">33,5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">33,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">0,85</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">-</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="6" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="93mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="13mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="11mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="10mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Additional source of calcium ions:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" rowsep="0" align="center" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- nature**</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">P / C</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">VS</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">P</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">5/5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">3,5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">3,5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="6" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="93mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="11mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col6" align="justify" valign="top">* Calcium sulphate: semi-hydrate at 95% purity</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col6" align="justify" valign="top">** P = Portland cement CEM I 52.5 CP2; C = Lime</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Table 2 presents the composition of the mortars comprising the binders of Table 1.<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 2</u></title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="36mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">AFNOR sand</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1350 g</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Binder</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">675g</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Sodium gluconate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">2,025g</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">2,025g</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">270g</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Table 3 presents the rheological and mechanical characteristics of the mortars obtained.<tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 3</u></title><tgroup cols="6" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="24mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="24mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">3</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">5</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP * Vicat</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">20 min</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">12 min</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">45 min</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">45 min</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">50 min</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc ** 3h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">30</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">4,0</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">5</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">8,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h Rc (Mpa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">46</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">3,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">28</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">31,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 28d (Mpa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">60</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">11,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">47,5</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">15,5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">50</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Observations</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">RAS</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">Cracks at 28 days</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">RAS</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">RAS</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">RAS</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="6" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="15mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col6" align="justify" valign="top">* DP Vicat: start of setting measured using the "Vicat" method</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col6" align="justify" valign="top">** Rc = Resistance in compression, measured on 4x4x16cm test pieces.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
These tests show that the mortars according to the invention have very good mechanical strengths in short-term compression, while having a setting time that is sufficiently long and adjustable by the choice of dosage of retarder.
It can also be seen that the mortars according to the prior art, comprising the usual aluminous cements (majority CA phase) and an additional supply of Portland cement and / or lime, do not make it possible, for equivalent setting times, to obtain satisfactory mechanical strengths in the short term (4 to 8 MPa, to be compared to 30 MPa for the mortar according to the invention).
Similarly, in certain cases in the presence of lime, the long-term resistances remain at a very low level.
<u style="single">Example 6 - Comparisons 7, 8</u>
A mortar according to the invention is produced, with a binder according to the invention (No. 6), and two mortars of the prior art, for comparison, produced with a binder of the prior art (No. 7, 8 ),
The mortar compositions and their rheological and mechanical characteristics are shown in Table 4.<tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 4</u></title><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="91mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="13mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">6</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">8</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Mineral compound of calcium aluminates (SSB: 3000cm<sup>2</sup>/ g):</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" rowsep="0" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- Useful C / A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- (C + A) useful (%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">87</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">70</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">70</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- majority phases</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">22,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">19</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">11</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">7,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">11</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,92</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Dairy (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Silica sand (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">47,25</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">47,25</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">47,25</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">RE523Z (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Lifetech 115 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Trisodium citrate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Melment F10 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,3</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="1" align="left" valign="top">Sodium gluconate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1">MT400PFV (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Dehydran 1922 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,15</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,15</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,15</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">105</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">60</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">65</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 4h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">14,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">9,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">11</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h Rc (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">25,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">20,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">21</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 7 days (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">41</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">28,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">28,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Withdrawal at 7 days (mm / m)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-0,6</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">-1,6</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-1,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Ettringite formed at 7 days (J / g)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">135</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">70</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">110</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Residual anhydrite at 7 days</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">315</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">280</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">500</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Calcium sulphate is 95% pure anhydrite.
The slag is a blast furnace slag.
The silica sand comes from the company Sifraco, it is sold under the name Sable NE14, its particle size is less than 500 μm (d50 = 210 μm).
RE523Z is a resin sold by the company Wacker. It is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene.
Lifetech 115: it is lithium carbonate, marketed by FMC.
Melment F10: sulfonated formaldehyde melamine sold by SKW.
Sodium gluconate: marketed by Roquettes Frères.
MT400PFV: cellulose ether sold by Wolf Walsrode.
Dehydran 1922: antifoam sold by Rhodia.
The amount of residual anhydrite (given in an arbitrary unit) is measured by the height of the peak obtained by X-ray diffraction.
The amount of ettringite formed is measured by the heat flow released in DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
The shrinkage is measured at 7 days, on 2 x 2 x 16 cm test pieces stored at 20 ° C and 50% relative humidity.
The mechanical strengths are measured on 2 x 2 x 16 cm test pieces, stored at 20 ° C and 70% relative humidity.
We see that the mineral calcium aluminate compound according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a much better performance compromise:<ul id="ul0005" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>the kinetics of acquisition of mechanical strengths is much better than with mortars formulated with mineral compounds of the prior art,</li><li>the control of dimensional variations is also better,</li><li>there is a better yield of ettringite formation as evidenced by the larger amount of ettringite formed, and the lesser amount of residual anhydrite.</li></ul>
<u style="single">Examples 9, 10 and comparison 11</u>
Repair mortars according to the invention (Tests 9 and 10) and a comparative mortar of the prior art (test 11) are produced. Their compositions are given in Table 5.<tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 5</u></title><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="91mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">11</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Mineral compound of calcium aluminates (SSB: 3000cm<sup>2</sup>/ g):</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" rowsep="0" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- Useful C / A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- (C + A) useful (%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">87</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">87</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">70</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- majority phases</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">28</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">30</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">33</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">15</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">13</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,85</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,69</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Palvadeau silica sand 0 - 315µm (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">19</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Silica sand Palvadeau 315µm - 1 mm (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">19</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Palvadeau silica sand 1- 4 mm (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">19</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Sodium gluconate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Tartaric acid (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,15</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (% in weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">TOTAL</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">100</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">17,2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">17,2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">17,2</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="91mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="justify" valign="top">Calcium sulfate: 95% purity semi-hydrate</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The rheological and mechanical characteristics of the mortar are given in Table 6.<tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 6</u></title><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="25mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">11</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP Vicat</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">15 min</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">48 min</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">35 min</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">FP Vicat</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">22 min</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">62 min</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">45 min</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 4h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">37</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">33</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">14</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h Rc (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">51</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">45</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">40</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 28d (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">61</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">52</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">55</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="justify" valign="top">FP Vicat: End of Vicat Catch</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The mechanical strengths are measured on 4 x 4 x 16 cm test pieces, stored at 20 ° C and 70% relative humidity.
We see that the mortars according to the invention have a much better kinetics of acquisition of the resistances (Resistances at 4 hours) and this for equivalent setting times.
<u style="single">Example 12</u>
An adhesive mortar according to the invention is produced. Its composition is given in Table 7.<tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 7</u></title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="79mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">12</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Composed of calcium aluminates (SSB: 3000cm<sup>2</sup>/ g)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- Useful C / A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- (C + A) useful (%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">87</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- majority phases</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">26,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">13,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,81</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Durcal 15 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">9</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Sifraco NE14 silica sand (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">48,65</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">RE530Z (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Tylose MH3001 P6 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,35</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Trisodium citrate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Sodium bicarbonate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (% in weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">TOTAL</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">25,5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="79mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">Calcium sulphate semi-hydrate at 95% purity</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">Durcal 15: calcium carbonate marketed by OMYA having a grain size d50 of 15 µm, with 1% of the grains having a size greater than 100 µm.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">RE530Z is a resin sold by the company Wacker. It is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">Tylose MH3001 P6: cellulose ether sold by Clariant.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The mechanical properties are presented in table 8.<tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 8</u></title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="38mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">12</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Open time on slab</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">20 min</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP Vicat</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">45 min</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">4h adhesion (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h adhesion (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Adhesion at 28d (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">2,1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The adhesion is measured with a SATTEC dynamometer according to the operating mode described in the Technical Specifications.
A product is obtained with an open time of 20 minutes and good mechanical properties.
<u style="single">Example 13</u>
A rapid fluid screed is produced with a mineral compound of calcium aluminates according to the invention and gypsum (test 13).
The composition and the rheological and mechanical results are collated in Table 9.<tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 9</u></title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="81mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">13</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Composed of calcium aluminates (SSB = 2010 cm<sup>2</sup>/ g):</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- Useful C / A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- (C + A) useful (%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">87</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- majority phases</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">14,3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">7,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,80</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="81mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" colsep="1" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Additional source of calcium ions:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- nature</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">VS</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Silica sand 1- 4 mm (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">49,4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Silica sand 0 - 315 µm (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">15,3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">E10 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">8,0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">D130 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">3,9</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">RE523Z (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Dehydran 1922 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Cellulose ether (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,07</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Li2CO3 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Casein (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">K2SO4 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Sodium gluconate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,06</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Tartaric acid (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,12</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">TOTAL</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">14</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Auto Spread 7 min (mm)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">260</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Auto Spread 20 min (mm)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">260</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Open time (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">95</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">115</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">FP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">145</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 5h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">15,8</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h Rc (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">20,3</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="81mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="16mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">C: Lime, marketed by Balthazar & Cotte</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">Calcium sulphate: gypsum at 95% purity</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">Silica sand: Palvadeau sand</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">E10: Sifraco silica sand with grain size d50 = 21 µm.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">D130: Durcal 130, limestone marketed by OMYA, 76% of the grains having a size greater than 100 µm, and 0.2% of the grains having a size less than 500 µm.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="justify" valign="top">Casein: marketed by Unilait.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Self spreading is measured with an ASTM tapered cone (described in standard ASTM C230).
The open time corresponds to the time after which the dough has lost its capacity to flow by itself. The mechanical strengths are measured on 4 x 4 x 16 cm test pieces, stored at 20 ° C and 70% relative humidity.
The rheological properties (spreading) of the screed are good, and even with a very long open time (1 h 30), the hardening kinetics remains very fast, despite the absence of Portland cement and a low Blaine specific surface area of the compound. mineral of calcium aluminates according to the invention.
<u style="single">Examples 14, 15 - Comparatives 16, 17, 18 and 19</u>
Smoothing coatings are produced with mineral compounds of calcium aluminates and calcium sulphate according to the invention (tests 14, 15) which are compared to control mixtures based on mineral compounds of calcium aluminates of prior art and Portland cement (essays 16, 17, 18, 19). The compositions are collated in Table 10.
To facilitate the comparison of the performances between the mortars of the prior art and the mortars of the invention, the total quantity, by weight, of alumina in the binder is shown in table 10.<tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 10</u></title><tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="81mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Invention</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col7" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Prior art</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">14</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">15</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">16</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">17</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">18</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">19</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0">Composed of calcium aluminates (SSB: 3000cm<sup>2</sup>/ g):</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" rowsep="0" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- Useful C / A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">1,77</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">1</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- (C + A) useful (%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">87</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">87</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">70</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">70</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- majority phases</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">C12A7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">IT</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">18</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">17</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">20</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Additional ion source</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">calcium</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">VS</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">P</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">P</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">P / C</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">P / C</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- nature</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,4</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">4</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">6/0,2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">6/0,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">- quantity (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">% total alumina</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">7,4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">10,6</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">8,1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">10,7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,79</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,65</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Durcal 15 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">23</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">27</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">19</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">18</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">18</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Durcal 130 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">10</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">NE14 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">37,8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">36</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">37,8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">37,8</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">36</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">36</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">RE523Z (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">2,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">2,5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">2,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Li2CO3 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0.05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Citric acid (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,02</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">0,02</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Tartaric acid (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,075</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,07</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0,07</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Melflux PP100F (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Cellulose ether MT400PFV (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">0,07</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0,06</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Dehydran 1922 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0,1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">K2SO4 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0,2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Casein (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,4</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,4</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0,4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Sodium gluconate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">0,03</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">0,03</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left" valign="top">24</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left" valign="top">24</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left" valign="top">24</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left" valign="top">24</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left" valign="top">24</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left" valign="top">24</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="7" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="81mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="12mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">Calcium sulphate: semi-hydrate at 95% purity.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">P: Portland cement CPA CEM 1 52.5 CP2; C = Lime.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">Durcal 15: limestone sold by OMYA.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">Durcal 130: limestone sold by OMYA.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The mechanical and rheological properties are collated in Table 11.<tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 11</u></title><tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="45mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="11mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Invention</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col7" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Prior art</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">14</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">15</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">16</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">17</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">18</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">19</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Auto Spread 7 min (mm)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">144</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">148</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">150</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">151</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">143</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">149</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Self-spreading 20 min (mm)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">145</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">146</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">150</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">120</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">145</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">144</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Gel time (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">29</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">42</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">30</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">26</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">50</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">45</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">35</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">80</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">35</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">120</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">95</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">FP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">40</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">65</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">90</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">40</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">140</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">120</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Recirculation<sup>1</sup></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">1 h30</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">1 h30</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">3h</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">2h30</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">3h</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">3h</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 2h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">1,5</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">0,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 4h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">17,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">12,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">4</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">7,5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">6,5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">6,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h Rc (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">24,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">18</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">18</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">24</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">15,5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">17,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 28d (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">38</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">29</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">28</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">35</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">28,5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">29</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Recovery time<sup>2</sup></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">12h</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">12h</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">24h</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">24h</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">24h</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">24h</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Ettringite 4h<sup>3</sup></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">140</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">100</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">110</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h ettringite<sup>4</sup></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">160</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">140</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">150</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Grip<sup>5</sup></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">2,8</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">2,3</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Withdrawal<sup>6</sup></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0,8</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">-</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="7" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="45mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="11mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="12mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">1. Recirculation: time after which the mechanical resistance in compression of the smoothing plaster reaches 3Mpa.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">2. Recovery time: time after which the smoothing coating has residual moisture (measured using the calcium carbide method (release of acetylene by contacting the moisture with the material) using the CM Tester of Riedel & Haën) less than 3%, measured in thickness of 9mm on concrete slab at 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">3. Ettringite 4h: Quantity of mixing water crystallized in the form of ettringite, in g / kg of formulated product, at t = 4h00, measured according to the calcium carbide method (release of acetylene by contacting with moisture of the material) using the CM Tester from Riedel & Haën.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">4. 24 hour ettringite: Quantity of mixing water crystallized in the form of ettringite, in g / kg of formulated product, at t = 24 hours.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">5. Adhesion: measured with a Sattec dynanometer according to the operating protocol described in the technical guide for the technical opinion and classification P. CSTB notebooks, n ° 2893, on concrete support at 28 days, without primer, in Mpa.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify" valign="top">6. Withdrawal: drying shrinkage, measured at 28 days, on 2x2x16cm test pieces, stored at 20 ° C - 70% relative humidity, in mm / m.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The gelation time and self-spreading are measured according to the operating protocol described in the technical guide for the technical opinion and classification P. Cahiers du CSTB, n ° 2893.
The mechanical strengths are measured on 2 x 2 x 16 cm test pieces, stored at 20 ° C and 70% relative humidity.
FIG. 1 shows the heat flow curves of tests 15 (curve 2) according to the invention and 18 (curve 1) according to the prior art, obtained by isothermal microcalorimetry. The quantity of ettringite formed in the short term is visualized by the heat flow released by the reaction.
The rheological properties (spreading) are good with the smoothing coatings of the invention and those of the prior art, but the mechanical properties (compressive strength) are markedly improved with the binder according to the invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, ettringite is formed, in the mortar formulated with the binder of the invention, in a much shorter time than with the mortar formulated with the binder according to the prior art and in a single step, unlike the mortar formulated with the binder according to the prior art.
In addition, the mineral calcium aluminate compound according to the invention allows, without additional supply of portland cement in the binder and with a lower total alumina content in the composition, to have a return time to service twice as long. quick.
Finally, the performance over time, whether it is drying shrinkage, compressive strength or adhesion to the support are also of a higher level.
<u style="single">Examples 20, 21 and 22</u>
Three clinkers (A, B and C) are produced according to the invention, of different mineralogy.
Clinkers A and B are produced by fusion from bauxite and limestone in a refractory crucible at a temperature of 1400 ° C. Clinker C is made by sintering from bauxite, limestone and anhydrite in a refractory crucible at a temperature of 1300 ° C for 2 hours.
The mineralogical compositions (expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the clinker) of these clinkers are given in table 12 below:<tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><img file="EP1501769B1_D0001.tif" /></tables>
The composition of the mortars obtained from these clinkers and their mechanical and rheological characteristics are grouped in Table 13.<tables id="tabl0013" num="0013"><table frame="all"><title><u style="single">Table 13</u></title><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="70mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" colsep="1" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center" valign="top">Test No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">21</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">22</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Composed of calcium aluminates (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium sulphate (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">9</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Calcium / Al sulfate<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(molar ratio)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">1,21</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0,91</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">0,73</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Durcal 15 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">22</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">22</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">24</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Durcal 130 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">8</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">8</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">NE14 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">38,6</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">38,6</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">38,6</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">RE523Z (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Li2CO3 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0,05</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">0,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Tartaric acid (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0,04</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">0,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Melflux PP100F (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">0,15</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0,1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">0,15</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Cellulose ether MT400PFV (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0,06</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">0,06</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Dehydran 1922 (% by weight)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">0.08</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">0.08</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">0.08</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">24%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">24%</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">24%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Auto Spread 7 min (mm)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">150</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">148</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">148</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Self-spreading 20 min (mm)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">138</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">144</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">140</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Gel time (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">23</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">30</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">35</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">DP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">32</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">40</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">42</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">FP Vicat (min)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">35</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">55</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">52</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 2h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">3,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 4h (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">4,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">10,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">24h Rc (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">17</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">17,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">20,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left" valign="top">Rc 28d (MPa)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center" valign="top">26,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">22,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">30,5</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="70mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="justify" valign="top">Calcium sulfate: 95% purity semi-hydrate</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The mechanical strengths are measured on 2 x 2 x 10 cm test pieces, stored at 20 ° C and 70% relative humidity.
The binders according to the invention make it possible to obtain mortars having good compromises in both rheological and mechanical behaviors.
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Numbers
- Publication
- 1501769
- Publication, DOCDB
- 1501769
- Publication, EPODOC
- EP1501769
- Application
- 3740662
- Application, DOCDB
- 03740662
- Application, EPODOC
- EP20030740662
Titles3
- German
- CALCIUMSULFATE UND EINE ANORGANISCHE CALCIUMALUMINATVERBINDUNG ENTHALTENDE ETTRINGITBINDEMITTEL FÜR DICHTEN MÖRTEL
- English
- ETTRINGITE BINDER FOR DENSE MORTAR, COMPRISING CALCIUM SULPHATES AND A MINERAL COMPOUND OF CALCIUM ALUMINATES
- French
- LIANT ETTRINGITIQUE POUR MORTIER DENSE, COMPRENANT DES SULFATES DE CALCIUM ET UN COMPOSE MINERAL D'ALUMINATES DE CALCIUM
Classification
- CPC, 2
- C04B7/323
- C04B28/065
- IPC, 8
- C04B7 32
- C04B7 345
- C04B11 28
- C04B14 06
- C04B22 06
- C04B22 08
- C04B24 24
- C04B28 14
Designated states27
- Contracting states, 27
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
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- Ireland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
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- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Portugal
- Romania
- Sweden
and 3 moreShow fewer
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Türkiye
