Optically variable element with non-holographic data and its production method

The invention relates to a system consisting of a Series of data carriers, in particular identity cards, Securities or the like, in which the system exhibit belonging disk diffraction structures, contain standard information and such Data carriers and method for manufacturing the same.

Optically variable elements for several decades known in various embodiments. Together is these elements that they, depending on viewing and Illumination angle different optical effects show. A particular class of optically variable Elements based on diffraction effects. Which includes linear or structured diffraction grating, holographic Records cinegrams and the like.

Optically variable elements are used in various Areas using, for. Example, in advertising, in Decoration area, but also to the authenticity marking of disks. By just lately significantly higher optical quality find holograms Cinegrams, diffraction gratings, etc. in the security field, for example, for credit cards, ID cards, Banknotes, security documents, etc., more and more Encouragement. The rising popularity has substantially two reasons. First, such elements meet the traditional applicable safety requirements for human testable authenticity features, which is a lot of effort to Manufacturing and counterfeiting, low availability of Technology and an unambiguous testability without additional aids. For the second match the elements the latest technology, making them the associated product a modern, high-tech lend character.

In the patent literature and in practical use in the security field, such elements have been known in various versions.

Very early after the publication of the first holograms was proposed ID cards, credit cards and the like from imitation and falsification by to protect that personal data of the card user besides the usual photographic and / or written form again holographically in the hologram are stored on the card. A comparison between the conventional map data and the hologram stored data should prove their accuracy. From the variety of items available for this purpose are the DE-OS 25 01 604, DE-OS 25 12 550 and the DE-OS 25 45 799 is representative called.

Although under the traditional security philosophy the expense for the production of authenticity features should desirably be high, but this is in primarily for the acquisition value and the low Availability of the necessary production facilities. The preparation of the to be produced in large quantities Authenticity features themselves should be based on these relatively expensive However, production in the form of economic to be possible.

In various types of hologram creation is the each first hologram relatively complex and expensive. The production of duplicates is contrary to a fraction of this "first cost" possible.

A disadvantage it thus proves to be in the above embodiments, that the production of the holograms is not take place only on very costly installations has, but also for each card own holograms with individual information (personalization data) are to be made, so that the technical effort for Creation of these individual holograms (unique) always relatively is high. A reduction in costs by shifting the expense in the production devices possible only in a very limited extent. Due to these adverse Boundary conditions is the use of holograms with holographically stored card-specific data economic point of view unacceptable.

Depending on the type of disc or the holographic Standard element to use different techniques. While not complete, are:<ul><li>direct embossing of holographic structure on the recording medium, their finish permits, z. B. on plastic materials</li><li>heat sealing or sticking on an intermediate carrier unrealized holograms on the actual Recording medium, a paper or may comprise plastic surface, z. B. banknote, Securities, identification card, etc.,</li><li>the Einkaschieren or mounting in of of on intermediate carriers provided holograms in the interior a layer structure of multi-layer recording medium,</li><li>warehousing of security threads or planchettes with holographic diffraction structures in paper during of the paper making process.</li></ul>

The process today's most widely used for the production and applying standard holograms to disk is the transfer of embossed holograms in identification cards. For this reason, the manufacturing process and the individualizing measures based example this technique presented. The essential process steps here are the making of a master hologram, the production of hologram copies and applying with the final product.

The Production of the Master is usually in manual Production with a very expensive equipment. Accordingly, the master hologram with high charged costs. The preparation of copies and the Application to the cover sheets of the cards are mechanically at high speed and therefore a relatively low cost feasible. Due to this cost structure one endeavors by making a highest possible number of identical copies the fixed cost per hologram too low shape. The need for mass production thus leads to the security area, particularly in the card sector, to limitations on the holographic Protection against forgery.

To reduce the costs incurred for the hologram production Costs were now in this sense embodiments , which, although holograms as an authenticity feature use, in which the data stored in the hologram but are not benutzerindividualisiert but only one related to the card issuer individuality have (standard holograms). differ in this sense Although the holograms of different card systems each other, the holograms of the individual cards However, a system are identical.

By using standard holograms (ie Duplicates of a master hologram) on a card system was now possible, the relatively high fixed costs, incurred for the holographic recording technique, a high number of cards distributed. Depending on the scope of Card series the costs are more so in certain circumstances in such large numbers that for the price of the individual Hologram substantially only the Duplizierungskosten beat Beech. Due to this fact were holograms first time in a mass product safety area economically viable.

Besides the well-known applications in Euro Check System and at the VISA and MasterCard credit cards are representative of this application variants Patents DE-OS 33 08 831 and EP-PS 0,064,067 to call.

It is known that in the current US Credit card systems used holograms called Embossed holograms, in which a reproduction means Die-plates is possible. Although a large part of the cost for the holographic recording technique obtained, are for duplication of the holograms appropriations to allocate in serial production costs but still so high that an economical production is only possible when the technology for recording necessary and the production of the hologram master Cost umlegbar in series with millions of pieces are. The production of small series, that is a few ten thousand to one hundred thousand cards prohibits off financial or economic reasons, therefore most still.

When using the same holograms within a Card series is indeed achieved that maps a system are better distinguished from cards of another; However, the counterfeiting of cards is not so completely excluded as such by stamping holograms and transferring to other cards manipulations yet are always possible. While there are measures which such make it difficult manipulations in which the card user concerned high embossing data partially or be completely transferred to the hologram area.

It is known that the high embossing data but rückprägbar, whereby such manipulation in practice namely for Professionals, but not recognizable to laymen. The Provision of card-specific relief embossing data in Range of standard hologram thus has no real Protection against transfer to other cards.

To avoid such problems, also is in the AT-PS 334117 the application of holograms standard for user-related Individualization of cards described. According to this proposal, the card individualization by combining several standard holograms allows that a specific respectively for itself contain information, such. as letters or numbers, and by an appropriate combination on each Cards of a system different data, such as z. B. words, multi-digit numbers, etc., represent. By imposing such holograms with the aid of a Standard set of dies is the simple and inexpensive production of individual holographic Map data possible.

Because with this variant mainly alphanumeric data be applied, but particularly pictorial data only reproduce conditionally, the overall impression Such holograms visually little effective, which is why an enforcement of this individualization in the market so far was not possible.

Another variant of the individualization of documents incorporating holograms is described in DE-OS 25 55 214. In this embodiment, proposed diffraction structures in the form of numerical or alphanumeric characters on a document apply. Here is a thermoplastic ink printed in the form of numbers on a paper substrate, followed by a large-area stamp the diffraction structure embossed.

This variant, however, is not suitable for multilayer Types of holograms, because of the inner and thus protected diffraction structure for producing data carriers are particularly preferred.

The prior art shows that the safety technology existing needs and the feasibility economically viable solutions to date no common have found denominator.

Starting from this general view and thus related prior art, the invention therefore the object diffraction structure elements and in particular Hologram variants and manufacturing method thereof propose that a different security aspects matched degree of individualisation of the holograms and thus the widest possible protection of data and documents permit and at the same time the cost benefits of provide mass production of standard holograms.

This object is achieved by the characterizing portion of the main claim resolved features mentioned. Developments are called in the adjacent and subordinate claims.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the always consisting of several individual steps, the production of Holograms or hologram cards and the like in a suitable phase is interrupted in without substantial Restriction or hindrance of mass production these modified by selective individualizing measures be or personalized. Depending on the wherein Manufacturing step, the modification is provided, Despite using the same hologram master on the final product (The hologram card) very different hologram embodiments accessible. The spectrum of individualization ranges from a small series interesting, different in appearance from the standard hologram Subset same holograms to a perfect personalization, in which the standard holograms be converted into real-offs.

For the preparation of holograms, the use different technologies are needed as holographic Recording, reproduction on a series semis, Connection or contribution to disk etc .. If you add the individualizing measures each in process steps one, in which the hologram manufacturing over changes from one technology to another, these measures are relatively simple in the process sequence integrating the hologram-producing and allow this mostly without major intervention in the actual production and their production facilities.

The Grundpinzip invention is below example explained with reference to embossed holograms, the prefabricated as semifinished on so-called transfer tapes and the transfer process to the actual disk be transmitted. This method is particularly well suited for the realization of the invention, since mind the different technological areas, which for the production of master holograms, the Standard holograms (duplicates), the protected disk and the hologram transfer to disk are particularly clearly separated. The Usage of the basic concept of the invention in the use of Volume holograms, etc. kinegrams is mutatis mutandis but also possible, although not always in the at-embossing transfer holograms possible variation.

Especially advantageous turns out that with the inventively proposed method all economic Advantages of mass production of holograms both singly individualized holograms as well as for small series the same holograms in the same Manner are available; also can be due to the integration the individualizing measures in the manufacturing process individualization irreversibly shape. Depending on the type of intervention in the process sequence and by combining different measures individualization, can be, starting from the same Master, create different element variations. The abovementioned process finally leaves a Preliminary production of standard prepared semifinished Create that in depending on the application any later individualized the subsequent process steps and / or is completed.

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the figure and the following embodiments.

Show it<dl tsize="11"><dt>Fig. 1</dt><dd>the essential steps in the Production and transfer of embossed holograms Disk,</dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>the breakdown of in Fig. 1 shown Procedural stages,</dd><dt>Fig. 3</dt><dd>the layer structure of a transfer belt,</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>the layer structure of the finished hologram on a substrate;</dd><dt>Fig. 5</dt><dd>the process sequence in the production of Embossed holograms and tranfers to disk and</dd><dt>Fig. 6 - 24</dt><dd>Various embodiments of individualized Holograms.</dd><dt>Fig. 25</dt><dd>Procedure for preparation of the volume film holograms</dd></dl>

A process for the manufacture of transfer embossing holograms

Fig. 1 shows the essential steps of the preparation of Embossed holograms and their application to data carriers the transfer process, as according to the current technical Stand are common. The method thus divided in<ul><li>Making an embossing master (Pos. 1, Fig. 1),</li><li>Moulding of identical die-plates (Pos. 2, Fig. 1),</li><li>Embossing the holograms on transfer bands (Pos. 3, Fig. 1) and</li><li>Transferring the holograms to the product (Pos. 4, Fig. 1).</li></ul>

The individual process steps differ known technologically so greatly from one another, they that running in completely different production areas. Because of the complexity of the process steps this very often even in completely separate industries realized. The transition from one production area also carried on the technological Interfaces at which the intermediate product defined as Semifinished present.

Each of these indicated in FIG. 1, four process stages e has technological priorities. Thus is in the Stage 1 of the embossing master making the actual photo art or holography dominant. In this area comparable in structure with a film studio is, the holographically be reproduced Objects (mostly in scale 1: 1) in the model produced, the footage exposed holographically, the holograms (Films) copied to different film material, developed etc. as well as the first embossing master created. On the embossing master the hologram is in a fine surface relief structure before that by mechanical Abprägen in sufficiently smooth and deformable materials can duplicate. Since the relief structure in Abprägen the relief high mechanical loads and thus also exposed to high wear, to use for the Reproduction of holograms but usually not the embossing master itself, but derived Die-plates. Also, since the molding of die-plates of an original (embossing master) limited repeatable is, these are multi-step process via so-called Submaster or sub-submasters etc. created.

The molding of the Prägematrizenvom embossing master, the submaster or the like is usually carried out on galvanoplastic Ways. The necessary process steps are well known and are not here are described in detail. Worth mentioning appears in this Connection, only the fact that in this second production step (Pos. 2, Fig. 1) necessary Production conditions with which the chemical industry are equated. The designations employed in this process stage Production facilities exist in the first Line from electroplating baths, where appropriate in Electrolyte solutions of metal salts and chemical additives under the action of electric direct current metallic layers are generated, the master relief the play.

Following receipt of the die-plates, these are in the third process step (Pos. 3, Fig. 1) in the embossing machine for transmission of the reliefs on plastic surfaces etc. used. In a novel process for the preferred embodiment, the relief structures imprinted in standardized, so-called transfer tapes, which in turn stored as a semifinished product and to the later "products" in different ways can be used.

In principle, the application of holographic Reliefs on the product in one or two step process possible. In one-step process, the relief structure is the hologram directly onto the surface of the imprinted with the hologram product to be finished. Depending on the nature of the product itself prohibits this Procedure but in many cases, since the embossing only on smooth deformable surfaces under the influence of is a high surface pressure possible. For this reason, but also due to the higher flexibility, therefore, in practice usually selected the two-step process, wherein the relief first on an intermediate medium, z. B. a transfer belt generates, and in this Shape glued, sealed, or the like on the product is fixed. Although the inventive principle would be used in both versions, is the two-stage Variant preferred, since in this embodiment a greater range of variation is given. This applies in particular even if as an intermediate medium is a transfer belt Use place.

The preparation of the transfer belts is done depending on the required Structure or depending on the desired hologram quality and safety standards also in several individual steps. In this process multilayer neutral Foil tapes prepared in the holograms be impressed strung together. Subsequently, an additional coating of the embossed bands around the fine relief structure before mechanischen'Beschädigungen, but also to protect against possible manipulations. In Find this third step (Pos. 3, Fig. 1) because of the required quality and the fineness of about generating structures elaborate and complex mechanical Production machine application. The in this step corresponding technical equipment used substantially in precision engineering and the pressure and Kunststofftechnik usual.

In the fourth stage (Pos. 4, Fig. 1), the transfer the finished hologram from the transfer belt on the subsequent product. In the present case, as Product preferably ID cards, securities, banknotes etc. mentioned. The use of video tapes, Records, labels the clothing industry etc. but is just as useful and feasible. The transfer of Hologram is similar to that in the third process stage in highly automated production facilities made. In contrast to the stage three (Pos. 3, Fig. 1) are here but also die.produktspezifischen aspects, z. B. with the securities or card technology, included. To damage to the quality of avoid hologram and / or product through the transfer, are interrelated each Parameters of both elements, such as. For example, material properties, Processing temperatures, mechanical strength etc. be taken into account or successive vote. Different products can thus to that effect, in some cases very different measures required in the application of holograms do. The transfer of the holograms usually takes place either at the product manufacturer itself or in Suppliers rather than that of the product, the packaging, Making labels or the like.

The process blocks shown in Fig. 1 are in the following explained with reference to FIG. 2.

Production of stamping Masters

From the later displayed object is usually a spatial model created, which is currently in use for present 1: holography scale of 1 have to be. The space required step is characterized in FIG. 2 Pos. 5,. After presentation of the Model is in an intermediate step 6 a laserrekonstruierbares Hologram produced on a silver film. This is also referred to as primary hologram hologram Subsequently, in order, the holographic image also with white light to look (without laser), in the so-called Rainbow technology to a second hologram film recopied. As photosensitive material In this copying process preferably photoresist layers used. By this measure, which is in Primary hologram present as gray value structure hologram converted into a surface relief. that such Hologram generated is usually referred to as secondary hologram designated. In the last intermediate step 7 of the process stage 1 is the secondary hologram on electrogalvanic created by way of so-called embossing master, wherein the holographic information is also in the form a surface relief is present.

Molding of dies

The embossing master produced in intermediate step 7 is an expensive unique is and is because of the injury and Wear danger generally not for embossing Holograms used. Rather, in a two or multistep process from the master again on electrogalvanic Paths called submaster (intermediate step 8) and of the actual die-plates molded (Intermediate step 9). Starting lie from Master the submaster before as negative reliefs. are from submaster as a positive relief the actual die-plates created, which then for embossing the surface relief in a plastic material can be used. The lifetime a stamping die is rarely more than 10, 000 Coins, which is why in large print runs a considerable manufacture number of such die-plates is.

Making the transfer belt

The transfer belt has a multilayer structure and is at least a support layer and a multi-layer again formed embossing layer. The preparation of The transfer belt is performed in several steps, in Fig. 2 in a preparation stage 10, the hologram embossing stage 11 and the post-processing phase 12 are subdivided.

In the preparatory stage 10, the carrier tape with an embossable material is coated in such a way that during the subsequent transfer process separation under thermal and is the effect of pressure problem. In simplest Case, this is achieved by providing a wax layer between the carrier tape and the embossable plastic layer. In the cases where the hologram in Reflection is to be recognizable, it is at or below the Embossing layer a further metal layer with high reflectivity provided.

In the production stage 11 with the aid of the intermediate step 9 die-plates produced the relief structure in the embossable plastics coating pressed. subsequently is the surface relief thus produced with covered at least a protective layer, the relief that protects against mechanical damage. These Protective layer is connected to the material of the embossable layer coordinate such that the optical properties of Hologram as little impaired as possible. For various reasons this is not to be explained be the first protective layer for the further Protection of the hologram necessary layers applied. The last layer is finally a heat-seal layer provided that the easy transfer and adhesion the hologram on the subsequent product ensures.

Transfer to the product

The transmission of the holograms on the product, eg. B. Cards, securities or the like, takes place, as already mentioned, in the process stage 4. Similarly to the preparation of the transfer belt is also here in an intermediate step 13 a neutral semifinished prepared. In the case of the identity card it is, the finished Card blank, in which the printed card inlay already coated with cover films and, if necessary, with Magnetic stripe, signature strip and the like is equipped. The present in this form of card blanks usually have however no personal Data on the cardholder later.

The transfer of the hologram from the transfer belt is done in the intermediate step 14, in the so-called in a hot stamping machine to be placed on the hologram the Area map and positioned by means of a hot Stamper is pressed onto the card. By subtracting of the carrier tape tearing of the hologram containing Multilayer structure at the exact contour of the stamping die and will dissolve from the transfer belt. The so with a hologram-equipped card is the intermediate step 15 equipped with the user-related data, for example by a laser personalization process.

At the end of this production method is the final Card 16 which, as shown in Fig. 2 schematically now with a placed hologram 17 and from user-related and neutral data existing record 18 equipped are.

In Fig. 3, the transfer belt 19 is shown in section. It consists of a carrier tape 20 on which a release layer 21 applied wax. In is a protective layer 22 and a layer of thermoplastic Material 23, which slightly less sensitive to heat than the release layer 21st The thermoplastic Material 23 is viable with a thin, not Metal layer 24 covers, preferably made of vapor-deposited Aluminum and at least less than having 5000 angstroms thick. For the production of transparent Holograms is to dispense with the metal layer 24th The layers 20-24 are a semi-finished product (Green tape) in which the relief structure is impressed.

In order to impress the surface relief pattern is a heated Embossing die is pressed onto the metal layer 24th Under pressure and heat are the thermoplastic Material 23 after, whereby the relief pattern in the aluminum layer 24 imprints. Then on the metal layer 24, a second protective layer 25 and a hot glue layer 26 applied. In special variants the layers 25 and 26 also to a Layer combined. The material thus produced represents an intermediate product which also when can be stored and transported easily semis.

For applying the hologram on the product is the Transfer belt 19 as shown in Fig. 4, with the hot-adhesive layer 26 on a substrate 30, for example a Map, launched and pressed. The pressing is carried out with a heated transfer stamp 34 or alternatively, with a transfer roller. Under the pressure and heat connects the heat-seal layer 26 with the Substrate 30 melts at the same time the release layer 21 and allows the removal of the substrate 20. The Connection with the substrate 30 and separating the Carrier 20 takes place only in the surface regions, in which the separation layer 21 is heated, that only exactly below the transfer die 34. In the other surface regions remains of the layer structure and the carrier material firmly interconnected. Since the layer structure 22-26 along the contour edges of transfer die 34 at Peeling the support film from the substrate tears corresponds the contour of such transferred hologram always the Contour of the embossing die, whereby in this way complicated Umrißstrukturen be realized. Of the Process of heat sealing, however, is known and is described for example in DE-OS 33 08 831st

Individualization measures Transferpräge-

hologram

In FIG. 5, the entire production process of the preparation a hologram and its application to a Disk again together with possible individualizing measures shown in a flow chart. in the Contrary to the representation as described in Fig. 2, In Fig. 5, the process steps 1-4, and in practice usual, shown as parallel production processes cost, wherein substantially only to the operational steps Reference is made that in the context of the invention especially for individualizing the standard hologram suitable. The are for better comparability same positions again with the same item numbers in.

The intervention of the invention for Indididualisierung of embossed holograms are shown in Fig. 5 with in arrows labeled A - G are numbered.

Intervention options offer themselves accordingly<ul><li>during production of the embossing matrices (A),</li><li>when making the raw tape (B),</li><li>at the completion of the transfer belt (C),</li><li>the finished transfer belt (D),</li><li>in the preparation of the substrate (E),</li><li>during the transfer of the hologram on the substrate (F),</li><li>the final product (G).</li></ul>

The following are the various intervention options are A - G explained further.

Individualization variant A (in the manufacture of die-plates)

The production of the die-plates is generally carried out by electroplating copying of the relief structure. To this end, There are various equivalent one- or multistage Process. In a two-stage frequently used A process is on the surface of the master curable plastics material, such as a Epoxy coated. After curing, the Plastic separated from the master to give a negative mold the relief structure obtained. By electroplating is applied to the negative mold, a nickel layer. This nickel layer containing a positive image the master is, is the basis for further production the stamper.

The subsequent holographic image can be, as in FIG. 6, giving an individual look, by only selected during molding surface areas the master transmits. This is achieved by you later holographic image either in outline the face of a character, a numbering, a Logo or the like on the die-plates transfers or by the die-plates pretreated so be that the relief structure only to this area the stamper are formed.

To prepare the corresponding shown in Fig. 6 individualized hologram thus exist a Variety of equivalent procedures. In a special Variant, certain surface areas of the Masters covered by means of photolithography. On the Surface of the master is this a positive working Photoresist is applied. It is then exposed through a mask, from which the shape of the letter or logo is recessed. At the Developing the resist, the exposed surfaces exposed while the unexposed areas covered stay. From this individualized master is the Stamper shaped in the known manner, the holographic relief structure only in the recessed Surface areas is transmitted.

In the example shown in Fig. 6, an on this Way fertiggetelltes embossed hologram 40 shown. in the Unlike the standard hologram 41 is embossed hologram 40 the relief structure or the holographic information only in a selected area 42 symbolized by the letter H available. In the remaining surface areas 43 is only the unembossed to recognize surface of the metal layer so that under certain viewing angles in the range 42 holographic information from the total specular Area 40 visually recognizable emerges.

The master can also individualized repeatedly for the production Copies are used by placing the covered Areas with suitable solvents again exposes and the individualization operation with other Masks repeated.

The process can be in the same way to submasters apply or die-plates themselves.

The die-plates, because of the already limited Life in contrast to the embossing master also irreversible Methods are used. For individualisation can this example the relief structures in certain areas by chemical or fine mechanical Processes are removed or changed. It is also possible with precision equipment, the relief structure selectively ablate or destroy.

With the individualized in this way die-plates can per die a few thousand individualized Holograms are marked. If larger quantities needed several die-plates are in an identical manner to individualize.

Individualization variant B (when making the raw tape)

The preparation of the transfer belt runs in several Phases. In the preparatory phase, a first manufactured shown in FIG. 7 raw band 28th To this end, on a support material 20, for. example, a polyester film, First, a release layer 21, thereon a protective layer of lacquer 22 and finally a thermoplastic layer 23 applied. Usually at the top Layer, a metal layer 24 deposited when the subsequent embossed hologram is to be a reflection hologram. In the case of transmission holograms, the metal layer 24 omit. The layer structure as described provides the Raw strip 28 is.

The individualization of the raw tape is carried out by appropriate Modification of the layer structure, in which either the layers themselves are varied, z. B. by different coloring or changing a or more of these layers, or by targeted introduction of additional elements, such. as print images that standard hologram in the final state (in the later Product) are superimposed visually recognizable.

required for the mass production of standard holograms to a large number of Rohbändern. By appropriate Modification of the layer structure can be even without further technical measures standard holograms create that color as well by itself Overall impression very much different. These Measures to both individual as Rohbänder refer to batches of Rohbändern.

A first variant of the raw band-individualization is therein, the protective lacquer layer 22 and / or the thermoplastic layer 23 individually colorize. There these two layers later on the product, such as in shown Fig. 8, come to lie on the relief structure, one used for this purpose preferably transparent colors. A distinction such individualized holograms is the finished product, z. B. the map 30 (Fig. 8) through which each of them typical color impression possible.

In another variant, the thermoplastic Layer 23 different metals 24 vapor-deposited; which differ in their natural color. If one uses this Meaning, for example copper, silver or gold, let with these metals three differently colored types of hologram create. The color of the metal layers may thus very specifically on the overall color impression be matched of card layouts, and thus, for example, for marking cards with different Scope of authorization are used.

In a third variant, on one of the layers 22, 23 of the raw band by conventional printing methods a individualizing printed image applied. As printing methods suitable offset printing, screen printing or other known printing techniques. For the purposes of a small series individualization can the printed image on a particular Number of holograms remain unchanged, this Printed image, preferably on the holographic image is tuned so that the meaning of a graphical es.im Composition for the holographic information a border, is a central motif or the like. Of the Overall impression of such individualized hologram is in the final state thus equally by the holographic Recording and the printed image is determined.

In another variant, the printed image with patterns is provided or data from hologram to hologram vary. An example of this is a continuous Numbering is that using a number printing unit or the like can be generated.

If the printed image on the media in a later to certain alignment to the hologram appear, it must be ensured that the printed image and the subsequent Hologram are designed accurate register. For an accurate register can modify the known in printing technology Measures such as punching, register marks and the like are used in a known manner.

The vast variety of options includes the Production of certain optical impressions and the realization special individualisation forms use different printing techniques, dyes, inks and a Metallbedampfungen. Of particular note In this connection the use of luminescent or phosphorescent substances which particular Individualization measures may only make recognizable with special lighting.

In Figs. 7 - 9, an embossed hologram 17 is shown, the within the meaning of the foregoing with a custom-printed resist layer 22 equipped is. The print image 27 was applied to the surface of the Protective lacquer layer 22 is applied and then the thermoplastic layer 23 covered and this Layer with a metal layer 24th In this Raw strip 28 are, as already described, the relief structures the hologram imprinted. After impressing further layers 25, 26 is the preparation of the transfer belt completed.

FIG. 8 shows the thus individualized layer structure, as in a later product, a map 30 is arranged. According to this view is the Print image 27 is now over the metal layer 24, and thus also disposed over the relief structure of the hologram. the visual observer, the print image 27 thus seems independent of the viewing angle printing image information, on a metallic shiny background is arranged on the inside of a defined Angle range, the holographic information 29 are extensively recognizable. The illustrated in Fig. 9 Printed image 27 has both data 47 which in the series the individualized hologram remain the same as well Data 48, which vary from hologram to the hologram.

Individualization variant C (in the completion of the transfer belt)

In the next manufacturing stage 11 is the holographic Relief pattern under pressure and heat in the deposited metal layer 24 imprinted with known depending on manufacturing processes, embossing and the Vapor deposition may be reversed in order. In the final phase will be 12 on the embossed side of the Layered structure a protective lacquer 25 and a lying on it Adhesive layer 26 applied. A section through the finished transfer belt 19 is shown in Fig. 3.

For individualisation, an in step 12 individualizing printed image directly on the embossed Metal layer 24 or on the protective layer 25, which then is covered by the hot-melt adhesive layer 26, be provided. The printing process and print pattern can be selected similarly as in the variant individualization B. However, it must be ensured that present when printing in the embossing layer 23, 24 Relief of the hologram is not damaged.

Fabricated in this manner transfer belt is in Fig. 10 shown, in this embodiment wherein the Print image between hot glue layer 26 and protective layer 25 is present.

After the transfer of the hologram to the card body comes, as can be seen from Fig. 11, the print image between Card body 30 and metal layer 24 to lie. Since the print image 27 now for the viewer below the reflective metal layer 24 is arranged, are therefore special measures necessary to this print image making machine or visually recognizable.

Visualization of applied after relief embossing Printed images is understandably easiest possible if the metal layer 24 in the hologram structure will be omitted. In this case one speaks of a called transmission hologram, the corresponding by Measures in connection with the individualization measures E will be discussed, also well can be usable.

Instead of the complete omission may also reduce the layer thickness in the ranges of some 10 Angstroms a partial permeability be achieved, the the print image can be seen clearly enough. By Use of special metals, an additional color effect be achieved because different metals when present in extremely thin layers, with incident light and Transmitted light different color impressions have.

Alternatively, instead of a metal layer and a dielectric layer are deposited. Depending on Layer structure have such layers special spectral Properties which in transmitted and also are incident usable. Representing numerous optical manifestations of the partially transmissive Breitbandverspiegelungen and spectrally close reflection bands with interplay of colors when changing the viewing angle called. In these embodiments, the Print image also only at certain viewing angles recognizable. In a further variant, the Metal layer 24 is formed as a fine grid that For example, a number of juxtaposed metallic composed reflective and transparent areas is. Preferably, the transparent areas are a scanning width in the range of 1/10 mm and less, whereby the grid is no longer resolved by the eye may be and despite the gaps as homogeneous partially reflecting surface appear. In this Case, the print image 27 under any viewing angle recognizable. In the cases where the printed image 27 only be used for automatic recognition is, in a further embodiment is the use sense of dielectric layer structures that in the long-wave spectral specular effect, in short-wave, however, are transparent. Substituting the Filter edge at the boundary between light and visible US Light, remains the identification of the eye hidden, but is for a UV-sensitive detector identifiable.

Similarly, a readable only in the infrared range Writing the hologram achievable if the metal layer 24 is formed as an IR-permeable layer. It is covered, for example with a protective coating 25, the opaque in the visible spectrum appears black and transparent in the infrared range and is partially transmissive. The print image 27 is in this Case of an IR-reflecting color and is, as described above, between the protective lacquer layer 25 and the adhesive layer 26 is on the card later the holographic Image before the partly coated black acting Background visually evident. At the same time in FIG. 12 by dashed lines drawn IR print picture 50 readable with suitable sensors.

Depending on the design of the printed image can also be here for a predetermined task number unchanged or even realized a continuously varying labeling will. If the print image 27 as in the invisible Spectral designed readable information, so can these are further optimized to these needs, by not as an alphanumeric label, but as machine code, eg., in the form of a bar code or the like, is executed.

A further possibility of customization in which the shape of the hologram is varied, is that at the completion of the transfer tape, the adhesive layer 26 is structured accordingly. Here the adhesive layer as a pattern applied to the composite layer. During the transfer to the substrate 30 can also at large-scale heat and pressure by the heat stamps only the regions on the substrate 30 adhere, which are coated with the hot melt adhesive layer 26th Depending on the shape and coverage of the hot melt adhesive layer 26 are thus optionally also independently of the form the stamper targeted only defined areas of Hologram transferred. This process is a particularly favorable variant of individualization, as it in provide the final step of the transfer tape production and thus is at a relatively late stage of the Transfer tape production can be inserted. Since the stored transfer tape without adhesive layer 26 as a semi-finished product can be, is by this variant also a very short individualizing in-stock transfer tapes in any Number possible.

Individualization measure D (on the finished transfer band)

After final completion of the example in Fig. 3 transfer belt 19 shown are different added more customization options. The Individualization at this stage is particularly low because the transfer belt in this embodiment, is present on the one hand as a finished product and intermediate the other by the existing at this stage Protective layers relatively well against damage is protected.

The individualization measures are based primarily in the writing of individual data on a or more layers of the transfer belt or by a irreversible transformation or removal of the coating material.

For writing data, provides inter alia, Laser marking on. Here, a laser marker by the carrier film 20 or by the protective lacquer layer 26 through irreversible changes or Destruction caused in the layer structure such. B. blackening, a destruction of the diffraction structure, ablation of the metal layer, etc .. Depending on their position in the layer structure, the inscribed patterns are on the finished hologram card directly visible, or Metal layer 24 hidden.

The laser marking based on the absorption of Laser radiation in the medium to be inscribed. usual Reflection holograms are, how to determine could, in general, very good for such labels. In cases in which the laser inscription insufficient, which in particular in transmission holograms may be the case, is an improvement of the Marking quality possible by absorbing colors or additions in one or more layers of the transfer belt be inserted. In this way, can also special layers of the transfer belt in special Way be made aware, so that with the right sizing the laser energy also these layers targeted are influencing.

At high laser power occurs due to the low Thickness of the individual layers is usually to complete material evaporation or plasma formation over the entire Layer structure. In this way, labels can achieve the transfer belt, which, regardless of which side they are introduced, on the finished Product always clearly identified and subsequently not are more variable. This aspect is particularly then of particular interest when the introduced Data should be available in tamper-proof form.

Alternatively to laser marking is also possible a mechanical perforation of the transfer belt (Fig. 13). For this purpose, the film is in the range of Hologram with structured perforations using a Type matrix printer or provided with a stamped image is created by a fixed predetermined punch. For particularly complex, possibly also by hologram to hologram varying perforations is also the Use of engraving machines possible, the removal of material to produce by means of a xy-controlled graver.

The for laser inscription or the mechanical removal of material apparatus usable to those skilled known and need not be explained in detail.

Individualization measure E (while preparing substrate)

Targeted action on substrate, which used the Hologram are consistent, are more Effects achievable. For this purpose, on the hologram area the surface of the substrate mark is applied, the be later covered by the hologram wholly or partly and through it can be seen.

In Figs. 14 to 16 is a first variant of these measures in section and in plan view. Fig. 14 accordingly shows a card 30 on which a print image 60 is provided, on which a transfer hologram was placed 17th The print image is 60 by the hologram 17 only partially covers, so that from the print image 60 represented information therefore only partially is accessible. Fig. Figure 15 shows the in Fig. 14 in section illustrated card in a plan. When using a transparent hologram are under the hologram 17 arranged data unchanged easily recognizable because the Hologram at the viewing angles, the under which holographic effect is not effective in about one Transparency can be equated. Despite the recognition are located under the hologram 17 Data through the overlying hologram 17 protected from access or manipulation. In this way important information can a map While visually Be testable but deprived of direct access, whereas less important data remain freely accessible. The under the hologram contained data can thus in direct Connection to the outside are located, they can the same or similar information content have or even completely different situations concern. is by using a reflection hologram about but also to prevent the visual accessibility, so that the located under the hologram 17 Data 60 thus only are machine verifiable.

As disk variety of materials are used, so z. B. the ticking of a multilayer card structure, a full plastic card blank or a Packaging element or the like. Particularly effective is the individualization variant, when the print image is arranged on the substrate, that the above hologram to be placed, as shown in Fig. 14, comes to rest on the printed image directly. To this Manner, in addition to the design variation possibility also a protection which under the hologram contained data, as this data without destroying the not be changed or removed hologram can. Particularly effective is such a data protection for example, the case of securities, in particularly important data of the security by the superposition highlighted with a hologram for a be protected and on the other front access can.

The printed image 60 may be exactly as in the previous embodiments over a greater number of data carriers unchanged a motif, logo or like represented, or a disk-to Volume varying information, such as. For example, a Numbering or a consecutive numbering. After this is printing the hologram 17 on the disk placed. Depending on the hologram design varies the visibility the printed image. Transparent or teiltrans-. parente holograms allow the printed image visually recognize. IR or UV-permeable holograms are hidden, provide only machine-readable labels. possibilities partially or fully transparent to Gestaltung.von IR and / or UV-permeable holograms were already mentioned in the foregoing description, and in this sense can also be used here.

In a further in Fig. 16 shown variant is on the disk 70 in the hologram area as printed image 72 a shiny metallic surface applied, the represents in this case a coat of arms of the same Meaning but also a company logo, character or may contain similar features. On the thus prepared Media is a hologram placed the either contains no reflective layer or is a partially reflective metal mirror equipped, through which the shiny surface remains recognizable. The marking thus supplements the hologram or remains at least by the stuck through hologram visually recognizable, and by using transparent Holograms, the print image 72 dominates, when using of semitransparent holograms outweighs the optical Impression ago, the holographic information 71 of the Standard hologram 70th

In a further variant, shown in Figs. 17 and 18 is reproduced, the hologram 17 is standard in a securities used in which it together with Steel gravure information a kind through register forms. The securities 75 is a steel intaglio printed image 77 equipped, which is known to the Side of the printing color, a positive relief and on the back congruent to inking a negative relief 78.. The hologram 17 is on the back of the Security applied in the field of steel gravure printing, wherein the negative relief 78 at the large-scale transfer the hologram, because this has no inherent strength and Thus, in the region of the depressions, the adhesion of the hologram has been prevented so that in the surface of the hologram 17 the steel intaglio printing information as an interrupt the hologram present. In the present case is by looking at the front and back of the security 75 a comparison of the identity of the print image 77 with the recesses 78 as possible as in transmitted light, since in this case the print image 77 through the paper is recognizable and unadulterated original case congruent to recognize in the hologram recesses is.

described in a variant of the in Figs. 17 and 18 Method, the hologram can of course also, as shown in Fig. 19, on the front securities be applied, in this case, only the vertices the steel pressure reliefs with corresponding cutouts be the hologram 17 coated. Especially effective this measure is combined with a so-called blind finishing or a blind embossing, because in this case, the inking 77 is omitted and thus alone the hologram the relief structures covered.

Particularly advantageous are those described in FIGS. 17 to 19 Variants, since the hologram thereby particularly easily always congruent to the relief of Data carrier is transferred and such applications (Steel intaglio printing or blind embossing) particularly well in Insert conventional securities designs and also particularly easily into the classical manufacturing can be integrated.

Individualization measure F (the transfer of the hologram to the substrate)

In this process step, the hologram is from the transfer belt by means of a heated transfer die on the transferred substrate. The transfer takes place only below the direct contact surface of the transfer die. After removal of the transfer die tears the hologram during removal of the transfer belt along the edges of the Bearing surface. The adhering substrate on the hologram thus has precise contours of the transfer die.

In this process step can be an individualization reach of the holograms characterized in that the Supporting surface of the transfer die in a controlled manner varies in its outer contour. This gives the hologram same individual outer contour as the stamper. In this way, the holograms may be in the form of special designs, company logos, characters and like are formed. The motifs are represent both the positive or in the negative pressure. In Fig. 20, such an application is shown schematically, wherein the original standard hologram 17 through the die with the outer contour shape a circle 80 is deployed, wherein inside this circular area a continuous line 81 in the form a coat of arms is recessed. The hatched Surface areas 82 of original standard hologram 17 are disregarded during the transfer.

For the skilled man will be understood that with this embodiment, by one-time production of hot stamping die almost arbitrarily large numbers of are individualized holograms transferable. The graphical structures can also significantly be complicated formed and can in extreme cases replace all or parts of the printed image or complete. The transfer stamp may constructed in such a be that they are not only simple pictorial symbols or Characters, but also complicated line works represent or Guillochstrukturen. With skillful Design, such a "hologram embossing" similar be versatile used as a printing ink. By such an application is the hologram less "intrusive" integrated into the overall print image and is also in Cases used where existing large hologram images not used purely for aesthetical reasons were. When integrating such "hologram structures" is only important to note that the holographic Effect and be reproduced holographically Details with the reduction of the hologram surface similar decrease proportionally. Complicated holographic Information is thus only in line areas present holograms less reproduce.

In a further variant of this individualization measures is the transfer temple by a matrix hot stamping device replaced. These are available on the market Devices make it possible in the transfer phase permanently the Punch form to change, which is also reflected in this Step from hologram to hologram varying can produce Umrißstrukturen.

Individualization Measure G (the end product)

In this process step which is applied to the substrate transmitted hologram by selective removal, alteration modified or destruction in suitable layers.

A first variant is individualization by Writing information by means of a laser pencil. let Depending on the laser parameters and film structure to achieve different marking effects on the various interactions of the laser beam and the hologram structure is based. are in this way both unobtrusive material and color changes Layer structure of the hologram as possible as the local destruction or complete removal of Some areas of the hologram layer structure.

In Fig. 21, a card body 30 is shown in section in connection with two exemplary inscription variants. The hologram 17 is under high Exposure to energy of the laser beam not only totally destroyed, but also the card substrate is deformed in such a way, that in this selective area microrelief 85 present. Usually, in such a laser labels burned the card substrate locally, thereby a black coloring of the marked area present, the legibility of the thus produced Script guaranteed. Using the microrelief is an additional criterion of authenticity created with the original laser inscriptions from other inscription variants are distinguishable.

is by correspondingly reducing the laser energy However, only the local removal of the hologram layers possible, so that in the extreme case the data by Recesses 86 are formed in the hologram. Basically are in this individualization measure the same technical possibilities applicable, as used in the Measure D are described. In contrast to individualization the finished transfer band (Measure D) be said here individualisations but on applied finished product, whereby in principle the Individualization of any hologram possible becomes. This is particularly advantageous especially, if the technical measures for the individualization Procedure applies, with which the personalization data the card will be introduced. Straight therefore recommends to a certain degree the use a laser marking system. In principle However, other methods are applicable. It is only to ensure that the individualization measures in irreversible form act on the hologram, so that ruled out a rollback of measures is.

Combination of individualization measures

With the individualization measures above described A to G is in the most different steps of Prägematrizen-, transfer ribbon and a product manufacturing Hologram individualization possible, each measure itself a very large scope for design Opportunities and for each process step characteristic features has. Starting from a standard hologram are thus very different Paths shown to make changes, which despite the presence of the same embossing master very different Holograms are to be produced, which in the end product not only an individual identification, but the protection of data contained in the product enable.

Those skilled is evident that the individualization measures to G isolated A not only for himself can be used, but that by any combination the individual measures the number of design is possible to increase further. vicarious for the large number of possibilities are the following called some variants, which, as far as possible, the Reference numbers of the preceding examples used with were.

Fig. 22 thus shows an individualized hologram 17, wherein the holographic information 39 via the whole area of ​​the rectangle 70 is present in which the reflective metal layer 24 but only in the form of a Crest present (individualization measure B). in the Area of ​​the emblem is a printed image 27 is provided (measure B) as well as with a laser pencil on the finished Product registered hologram individual data 85 (Measure G). The outer protective layer of the hologram colored yellow (Measure C), whereby the coat of arms for the Viewers will appear yellow. The hologram is mounted on a blue print area 60 is applied, based on the product is printed (Measure E).

The described embodiment appears to the viewer now in the area of ​​the crest as tinted yellow hologram under certain angles the desired holographic reveals effects significantly. The coat of arms surrounding hologram areas appear green (mixed color of blue and yellow), and also in this area the holographic information, albeit less concise, can be seen. The green yellow appearing rectangular Hologram field is limited by a blue frame, has the no holographic effects which but holographic representation color supplements.

Fig. Figure 23 shows a further embodiment in which individualized hologram takes 42 using the the outline of a standing on a rectangular bar having circle. The shape of the hologram 42 is by the outline of the hot stamper marked (Measure F). In the area of ​​the rectangular beam numeric data are arranged, generating by means of a laser pencil were and are present as a recess of the hologram surface (Measure G). In the circular area of ​​the hologram a print image 27 is provided in the form of the letter "A", the light blue color during the completion of the Transfer belt was introduced (measure C). The in Outline contour present silvery metal layer 24 is a semi-transparent mirror to the pressure pattern 27 arranged. The entire layer structure is to be a yellow background print 60 that on the card substrate provided is (Measure E).

For the viewer, this appears in its outer contour structured hologram as silvery surface by, the blue print image 27 through can be seen. Among predetermined viewing angle range appears in the Total 42 the holographically stored information, also the print image is superimposed on the 27th Only the digits 86 are independent of the viewing angle to Near good contrasting recognizable. The overall arrangement is framed by a yellow background surface.

Fig. 24 shows a further embodiment in which Securities has a see-through element. The security is provided with a print image 101 applied by steel intaglio printing is (Measure E). On the Back of the security is in the circular contour of the Print image 101 applied a transmission hologram, wherein the contours of the printed image 101 are recessed (Measure F). The hologram itself is a transmission hologram executed in which no metal layer is provided and in which the two outer protective layers (Layers 22, 23) are transparent colored red (measure C).

For the viewer, that is consisting of two parts Through element from the front as a steel printed motif 101 and inked from the back as red Hologram with recessed negative contour 101 recognizable. In transmitted light the two elements complement such that the printed image 101 of the front side completely in Insert the recesses of the hologram.

Individualizing volume film holograms

As mentioned in the introduction, individualization, the inventive measures are at transfer embossed holograms used particularly well and good in the production process integrable. The inventive use is, however, not limited to this type of hologram. Hereinafter is the use of the concept of the invention in connection described with volume film holograms.

The main stages of the series production of Volumenholorammen include<ul><li>the preparation of a primary hologram,</li><li>duplication of the holograms by copying,</li><li>applying the hologram to a substrate.</li></ul>

With reference to FIG. 25, the process steps in the following explained in more detail, wherein based on the in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 details referred largely only on the deviations both methods will be discussed.

In process step 101 is a model of a Hologram on a photosensitive material recorded. This is done in the conventional art by providing a reference beam with an object beam on a photographic plate is superimposed. After developing and fixing is This photo plate the primary hologram is.

From the primary hologram which corresponds to the embossing master, any copies could be given now, without the the embossed hologram necessary intermediate step submaster would be necessary, since the copy of the secondary holograms a purely optical process is the primary hologram the not mechanically stressed.

In particular, if the primary hologram at different create times larger amounts of copies are, however, it is recommended to prevent damage of any kind, to exclude particular by scratching etc., the primary hologram as working copies create secondary holograms then for later Exposure operation of the final hologram film be used in Verfahrensscshritt 111th

The creation of the secondary holograms is carried out according to common Technology in the intermediate step 102 and is roughly comparable to with the preparation of the submaster or the die-plates (Position 2, Fig. 5), except that there is no photoresist material, but customary hologram films using find.

In intermediate step 110 for the volume hologram are needed films created. Holographiefilme exist, as a family of techniques common practice of at least two layers, namely a carrier material, z. B. a polyester film, and a photosensitive Emulsion.

Such a ready-made film is exactly as in process step 102 also in step 111 to Generating the to be used on the product hologram exposed. This is done in a known manner in which the original holographic structure during exposure the primary hologram was used to apply comes, only that the object now face the hologram film is replaced. A conjugate (in time and direction reverse) reference beam is on the secondary hologram addressed. This is to the original Position of the object generates a real image. with the help a second reference beam is the virtual image on the hologram film recorded. By repeating machine the copying process can thus be arbitrarily create many holograms in series production.

After exposure of the film in the intermediate 112 developed and fixed. Moreover, "additional Layers, such. As a protective layer, adhesive layer etc., applied.

The intermediate 117 is for any action on finished film provided. She is in complete analogy the embossed hologram transfer band processing.

The preparation of the substrate is carried out in step 113. These measures are also analogous to the embossed hologram to see.

In method step 114, the hologram on the substrate is applied. Depending on the substrate and intended use are for fixation of the hologram on the substrate where different mounting options. common Techniques would in this context, the sticking on the substrate or the Einkaschieren in the layer structure of multi-layer substrates, such as. for example, identity cards. In either case, for this purpose the hologram from the film punched out and placed on the substrate.

The processing of the final product is carried out in step 115. The arising there are measures in analogy to necessary for embossed holograms steps to see.

Individualization measures volume film holograms

The for individualizing volume holograms usable individualization measures are in the Connection with embossed holograms described also very similar.

First possibilities (measure H) thus result in Method step 102, in which the holographic Copy gives an individual look by in the beam path at a suitable point masks or imaging systems uses, so.daß the holographic image changed accordingly or only in selected surface areas is recorded on the hologram film. On this way it can be achieved that the holographic Picture a special contour shape, for example, a Block character receives, or such a form from the holographic image is omitted. Since the duplication the holograms in step 111 is substantially equate the actions of step 102 are accordingly also the same or similar Measures of individualization variant I possible.

In the production of the holographic film (intermediate step 110) are analogous to the popular photo art individualization measures possible by the support material or the emulsion layer with suitable dyes dyed or additionally inked layers be provided above or below the backing material. The once or print on both sides of the film material is in This individualization variant K also possible. Since usually with the use of volume holograms the film layer together with the carrier material Later the substrate (product) to be applied is the corresponding mark of the support film in equally conceivable. As an additional measure individualization is used in the preparation of the holographic Films also a pre-exposure of the film with appropriate motifs such. as a numbering, a Logo or similar, added.

is to the individualization measures L, M, N, O, P Because of the analog on the possibilities in Fig. 5 referenced measures described. Because of the other holographic film material are appropriate under certain circumstances Adjustments necessary. In regard to the present invention Basic idea of ​​these adjustments are the Skilled in the art and therefore not to mention further.

of course also for the expert, the various Individualization measures H to P arbitrary be combined to more complex modifications to reach.

range of applications

Individualized holograms have a wide range of applications, the distinction the following after is how the holograms on the later end product are present. Usual practice is to holograms on the surface apply disks. The disk possibility to have a paper surface, such as Banknotes, identity documents, securities and like, but also a plastic surface, such as Identity cards, plastic banknotes, video cassettes, etc .. In specific embodiments, the hologram on Portions of the product is limited, in others, but also cover the entire surface of the product. Especially in Field of identity cards and credit cards are those Variations now common practice. Holographic elements can be but also in the Products store. Thus, it is known in multi-layered hologram Plastic cards with einzukaschieren. The hologram can be in a variety of embodiments, such as, for example, as a security thread, in the form a logo, an integrated master image or the like. The incorporation can also be in a kind of Mounting technique carried out, in which in a film layer a multilayer card an opening for bonding of the hologram is provided.

Moreover, it is also possible holographic Elements embed directly into paper, wherein the holographic Material preferably in the form of strips, Strips or planchettes is prepared cut. These elements are preferably in the preparation of add the paper, wherein the security technique particularly is effective when, for example, in The form of a "window security thread" is present in the paper.

Due to the high number of possible variations is replaced the expert with the invention depending on the technical and / or creative need starting from a standard hologram, the possibility of the final product be adapted to match the needs. Although as a starting point uses like holographic recordings are, possibilities are provided by the invention, the final products completely different equipment to rent. In addition to the large number of optical variation possibilities can with the inventive teaching the financial targets accordingly considering find, creating a product adaptation to almost all requirements is possible.

<u>Notes to the description</u>

An optically variable element having diffraction structures, in particular Hologram, in which the diffraction structures standard information represent the individualized by non-holographic measures is, <b>characterized</b>That the individualization in at least one layer of the element in the form of irreversible changes in is present, which of a clear distinction between Standard information allows.

Optically variable element according to claim 1 as a hologram or the like, having the diffraction structures, the standard information a represent, <b>characterized</b>, that this optically variable element non-holographic data which the by local ablation, or destruction in suitable irreversibleVeränderung Layers of the optically variable element are generated.

Optically variable element according to claim 1 or 2, <b>characterized</b>. that the data are produced with a laser.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, <b>characterized</b>That at least one internal introduced layer of the optically variable element by laser inscription having data.

Optically variable element according to claim 3 or 4, <b>characterized</b>. that data by removing a metal layer in the layer structure the optically variable element are generated.

Optically variable element according to claim 3 or 4, <b>characterized</b>. that the data in the form of in the layer structure of the optically variable Element caused material and color changes present.

Optically variable element according to claim 6, <b>characterized, that</b> the data in the form of a blackening in the layer structure of present optically variable element.

Optically variable element according to claim 3 or 4, <b>characterized</b>. that the data in the form of a destruction of the diffraction structure present in the layer structure of the optically variable element.

Optically variable element according to claim 3 or 4, <b>characterized</b>. that the data in the form of local destructions of the layer structure be of the optically variable element.

Optically variable element according to claim 3 or 4, <b>characterized,</b>that the data in the form of perfect Distances of partial areas of the layer structure of the optically variable element present.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1 until 10, <b>characterized</b>That the data constitute a numbering.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1 to 11 <b>characterized</b>That one or more layers of optically variable element laser radiation absorbing inks or Additives.

Optically variable element according to claim 1 or 2, <b>characterized</b>. that data by punching, perforating or punching the layer structure of the optically variable element are generated.

Optically variable element according to claim 1 or 2, <b>characterized,</b>that at least one inner layer of optically variable element by perforation or punching or perforation having data generated.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1<b>characterized gekennzeichne t</b>In that the optically variable element a embossable plastic layer and at or below the plastic layer having arranged metal layer.

An optically variable element according to claim 15, <b>characterized</b>. that the metal layer over the plastic layer having reduced area.

Optically variable element according to claim 15 or 16, <b>characterized</b>. that the metal layer of aluminum, copper, silver or gold.

An optically variable element according to at least one of Claims 15 to 17 <b>characterized</b>In that the metal layer as a fine screen or is formed partially transmissive, and that in under the metal layer Layer structure of the optically variable element is provided a print image is.

Optically variable element according to claim 18, <b>characterized,</b>that the printed image consists of a transparent color luminescent, Color or in the infrared or ultraviolet spectral range reflective color is.

An optically variable element according to claim 15, <b>characterized</b>. that the metal layer is formed as an IR-permeable layer is, under the metal layer a protective lacquer layer is arranged which appears opaque black in the visible spectrum and in IR region is transparent or partially transparent, and that under the Protective lacquer layer arranged a printed image of IR-reflective paint is.

An optically variable element according to at least one of Claims 18 until 20, <b>characterized</b>That the printed image as a machine code, present in particular as a barcode.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1 to 21, <b>characterized</b>In that the optically variable element a having individual outline form.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1 to 22, <b>characterized</b>That at least one of the layers of the colored optically variable element with a dye or color additive is.

Optically variable element according to claim 23, <b>characterized</b>. that the color additives or dyes as transparent, luminescent or absorbing materials are formed.

An optically variable element according to at least one of claims 1 to 24, <b>characterized</b>In that the optically variable element a having or more faces that light bending is / are not.

An optically variable element according to claim 25, <b>characterized,</b>that the optically variable element has a metal layer, which is also available in the non-diffractive areas.

Transfer band having a carrier material and an applied thereon Layer structure of an optically variable element according to at least any one of claims 1 to 26th

A transfer band according to claim 27, <b>characterized</b>, that this Transfer tape an adhesive layer.

A transfer band according to claim 28, <b>characterized</b>, that the Adhesive layer as a pattern exists.

A transfer band according to at least one of claims 27 to 29, <b>thereby marked</b>That in the layer structure of the optically variable Element, a thermoplastic layer (23) is provided, to which various metals are vapor-deposited.

Media, in particular identity card, securities or the like, having a multilayer optically variable element according to at least any one of claims 1 to 26th

A data carrier according to claim 31, <b>characterized</b>That at least an interior layer of the optically variable element and / or the area covered by the optically variable element surface having by laser inscription introduced data.

A data carrier according to claim 32, <b>characterized</b>, that the Media is a card, and the addition of total destruction Layer structure of the optically variable element, a deformation of the Card material is present so that in this area there is a micro-relief.

A data carrier according to at least one of claims 31 to 33, <b>thereby marked</b>That the data carrier is a card, and Card personalization data comprises that also with the laser are enrolled.

A data carrier according to claim 31, <b>characterized</b>That at least an interior layer of the optically variable element and / or the area covered by the optically variable element surface having by perforation or punching or perforation data generated.

A data carrier according to claim 31 or 32, <b>characterized</b>. that the data carrier in the area of ​​the optically variable element a having shiny metallic surface, the optically variable of the Element is covered, and in that the optically variable element no reflective layer contains or with a partially reflective metal mirror is provided, through which the lustrous surface remains recognizable.

A data carrier according to claim 31 or 32, <b>characterized</b>. that at least one inside layer of the optically variable element and / or the area covered by the optically variable element surface having the data carrier a color appearing metal layer.

Series of data carriers, in particular identity card, securities or the like, having an optically variable element, the diffraction structures comprises representing standard information, <b>thereby marked</b>That the individualization of each data carrier of the series or a subset of the series in at least one layer the element present irreversible changes which a unique allow differentiation from the standard information.

Series according to claim 38, <b>characterized</b>That the data are produced with a laser.

Series according to claim 38 or 39, <b>characterized</b>, that the Data in the form of a numbering.

A process for producing an optically variable element, such as a Hologram or the like, having the diffraction structures standard information representing the non-holographic by Measures is individualized, <b>characterized</b>, that this The method consists of several individual steps, and in that it comprises at least having a predetermined method step in which the individualization in at least one layer of the element irreversible changes are produced, which of a clear distinction the standard information enabling.

A method according to claim 41, <b>characterized</b>That in the inscribed optically variable element non-holographic data are represented by local ablation, irreversible alteration or destruction produced in suitable layers of the optically variable element will.

The method of claim 41 or 42, <b>characterized</b>that the data are produced with a laser.

A method according to claim 42, <b>characterized</b>, that the Data in the layer structure of the optically variable element by blackening, a destruction of the diffraction structure or removing a metal layer be generated.

A method according to claim 43 or 44, <b>characterized</b>that the data by perfect removal of parts of the are generated layer structure of the optically variable element.

A method according to at least one of claims 43 to 45, <b>thereby marked</b>That the data generated in the form of a numbering will.

The method of claim 41 or 42, <b>characterized</b>. that data by punching, perforating or piercing the layer structure the optically variable element are generated.

A method according to claim 47, <b>characterized</b>, that the Data by means of a dot-matrix printer, punch or an engraving machine be generated.

A method for producing a transfer band consisting of a plurality Single steps of, and wherein the layer structure of an optically variable element is produced on a carrier material, <b>thereby marked</b>That at least one predetermined method step including where to individualize at least one Layer of the element irreversible changes are created which allow a clear distinction of the standard information.

A method according to claim 49, <b>characterized</b>That in the inscribed optically variable element non-holographic data are represented by local ablation, irreversible alteration or destruction produced in suitable layers of the optically variable element will.

A method for producing a data carrier with an optically variable element using a transfer band according to at least one of claims 27 to 30th

A method according to claim 51, <b>characterized</b>, that the Layer structure of the optically variable element by means of a heated Transfer die is transferred to the substrate of the data carrier, wherein the support surface of the transfer die in its outer contour varies.

A method according to claim 51, <b>characterized</b>, that this Transfer belt, a structured adhesive liner, has so during transfer of the layer composite of the optically variable element to the disk substrate with large-scale heat and Druckeinwir Kung adhere only the regions on the substrate, with the hot-melt adhesive layer coated.