Microdermabrasion system and method of use

Description of equivalent WO 03045495 A2

MICRODERMABRASION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention pertains to dermatology, more particularly to skin treatment and conditioning.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Microdermabrasion is a process for removing dead cells from the outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) to provide a younger and healthier looking appearance, remove wrinkles, clean out blocked pores, remove some types of undesirable skin conditions that can develop, and enhance skin tone. The process of microdermabrasion must be performed with a certain degree of accuracy, so that underlying live layers of skin tissue are not removed or damaged, but that enough dead cells are removed to give effective results.

Abrasive tipped devices or rotating brushes and cylinders coated with abrasive particles, such as diamond dust, have been used to remove skin layers. U.S. Patent No. 2,712,823 discloses a brush for removing skin blemishes which includes rotating metallic bristles. This device is more properly referred to as a dermabrasion device as it is quite aggressive in the amounts and rates of tissues removed. While this type of device can be effective for removing gross scarring and keloids such as those associated with burn victims, it can also cause scarring and is difficult to accurately control with regard to amounts of tissue removed. As such it is incapable of effectively performing microabrasion as it is currently defined in the art. U.S. Patent No. 2,867,214 similarly discloses a device that employs motor driven stainless steel wire brushes and cannot effectively perform microdermabrasion. U.S. Patent No. 4,241,499 discloses a hand held foot care instrument that includes a roughened dermabrasion undersurface to function as a nail file and skin smoother While this device may be effective for "spot treatment" of calluses, corns and the like on the foot, it would not be an effective tool for an overall microdermabrasion treatment of the face or other large area of skin that must be treatment with a consistent amount of abrasion over an entire surface.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,804 is directed to a skin abrasion device which uses flowing water to rotate an abrasive brush and create a vacuum to remove loosened skin particles. The rotating brush is usually used in conjunction with a liquid detergent or medicinal compound applied to the skin surface being scrubbed. U.S. Patent No. 4,572,187 discloses a dermabrasion tool that employs a rotary hub and a plurality of flexible strips each having a single abrasive surface. No means are disclosed for conditioning the skin or of removing the dead skin particles from the surface of the skin after they have been abraded. U.S. Patent No. 4,957,747 discloses the use of powdered aluminum oxide or a liquid topical composition containing suspended aluminum oxide which is applied to the skin to abrade it. U.S. Patent No. 5,971,999 discloses a microdermabrasion system which employs a jet of a mixture of air and reducing crystals, such as aluminum oxide, that is applied to the skin to perform the microdermabrasion. U.S. Patent No. 5,012,797 discloses the use of chemicals or ultrasonically oscillating tips to perform abrasion.

U.S. Patent No. 5,037,431 describes the use of a pressurized jet of a liquid, such as water or sterile saline, to fragment and remove diseased tissue without harming surrounding healthy tissue. This device operates in conjunction with vacuum aspiration to remove the liquid and fragmented tissue. A powdered abrasive material may be applied to abrade the skin and removal may be performed using vacuum.

U.S. Patent No. 6,241,739 discloses a microdermabrasion device which provides a tubular treatment tool having a fixed abrasive tip on the end thereof. The abrasive tip has a central opening therethrough, through which a vacuum is applied. When the tip is scraped over the surface of the skin, loosened skin particles are vacuumed up through the central opening. However, a trailing side of the abrasive trip, which trails the central opening of the abrasive tip as the tip is moved over the surface of the skin, also microabrades the skin surface and leaves a trail of loosened skin particles which cannot be collected by the vacuum. Additionally, this is a dry system which does not treat the skin during microdermabrasion, which can leave streaking effects on the remaining skin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a microdermabrasion device, microdermabrasion system employing the device and method of performing microdermabrasion. A device for exfoliating skin cells from an external surface of skin includes a vacuum head base defining a chamber therein and having a substantially smooth treatment tip attached and extending from an end thereof or integral therewith. The tip has at least one central opening which is open to the chamber, and is adapted to contact the skin and traverse the skin in a substantially non-abrasive manner. A vacuum access opening is provided through a side wall of the vacuum head base and adapted to connect with a source of vacuum. An abrasive member is located within said chamber, and at least one opening adapted to allow the flow of one or more fluids through the chamber is provided, wherein upon application of vacuum through the vacuum access opening, the fluids are drawn though the chamber, applied to the skin and taken up through the vacuum access opening, and a portion of the skin, targeted by the tip opening, is drawn into the chamber and brought into contact with the abrasive member.

A system for performing microabrasion is provided which includes an applicator tool having a substantially non-abrasive tip with at least one opening therethrough, the tip being adapted to contact the skin of a patient; an abrasive member located internally of the applicator tool, and means for applying vacuum through the at least one opening, wherein upon application of vacuum a portion of the skin is drawn into contact with the abrasive member.

Means for delivering fluid through the applicator tool and the at least one tip opening are provided, for application of the fluid to the skin.

A system for performing microabrasion according to the present invention includes an applicator tool having a longitudinal axis and a substantially non-abrasive tip with at least one opening therethrough. A conduit extends into the applicator tool and an abrasive member is mounted on an end of the conduit and located internally of the applicator tool. A vacuum access opening is provided through a side wall of the tool, for connection with a source of vacuum to apply vacuum to a tip opening.

The abrasive member seals off the end of the conduit which is located internally of the applicator tool, and at least one opening is provided through a wall of the conduit.

A fluid reservoir adapted to hold treatment liquids may be connected to the conduit, wherein, upon application of vacuum through the vacuum access opening, the treatment liquids are drawn through the conduit and delivered to the at least one opening in the tip.

A collection reservoir is connected to the vacuum access opening via a vacuum line for collection of the fluids and microabraded skin cells and is in turn connected to a vacuum source. A filter may be connected inline between the collection reservoir and the vacuum source.

A method of performing microabrasion is provided which includes: applying a non- abrasive treatment tip to a skin surface; providing negative pressure through an opening in the treatment tip to establish a relative vacuum; drawing a portion of the skin surface through the opening an into contact with an abrasive member; and moving the non-abrasive treatment tip over the skin surface and microabrading the portion of the skin in contact with the abrasive member.

Microabraded skin particles are collected through a vacuum conduit through which the negative pressure is provided. Fluid may be applied to the skin though the opening in the treatment tip.

The vacuum provided by the negative pressure surrounds a perimeter of the abrasive member so that microabraded skin particles are collected downstream of the abrasive member and from all locations surrounding the abrasive member.

These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent to those persons skilled in the art upon reading the details of the XXX as more fully described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete understanding of the devices, system and methods according to the present invention may be obtained by referring to the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings briefly described hereinafter.

Fig. 1 is a partially exploded view of a microabrasion device according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially exploded view of a microabrasion device with a tip of the device removed.

Fig. 3 is a view of an assembly including a vacuum head base and functional block with abrasive member according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a view of a vacuum head base according to the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view of a functional block with abrasive member according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic of a microdermabrasion system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Before the present device, system and methods are described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular structures described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms

"a", "and", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a vacuum tube" includes a plurality of such vacuum tubes and reference to "the vacuum tube" includes reference to one or more vacuum tubes, to include a plurality of tubes interconnected in series, and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. More particularly, it is also understood that if an element is described as being connected to a vacuum source, that this description also includes the element being connected to an intermediate element, such as a tube or a filter, which is in turn connected to the vacuum source.

The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed. The present invention provides the ability to perform microdermabrasion with or without flowing abrasive particles to be applied to the skin, with the ability to pretreat or condition the skin prior to microabrading it. The present invention further provides more efficient and complete removal of microabraded particles with the enveloping arrangement of the vacuum and, optionally, fluid flow that surrounds an abrasive member provided.

DEFINITIONS

The term "tube", "tubular" or "conduit" refers to a structure having a hollow, bore or through passage or other passageway, substantially aligned along a longitudinal axis of the structure and which may have various cross sections. Thus, these terms refer not only to a common tube having a circular cross section with a central opening, but also to other structures including those having square, elliptical or non-geometric and even irregular cross-sections, which include such a passageway.

The term "tip" refers to the end of a structure or assembly. As used herein, the applicator tip is that component, whether integral or attachably fixed to the device, which is the endmost extremity of the device and is used in contacting the skin.

A "vacuum line" as used herein is a tubular structure that interconnects other components of the system so as to form a vacuum pathway therebetween.

Fig. 1 shows a partially exploded view of a microabrasion device 10 according to the present invention. Device 10 is designed to be handheld by a user for its application to the skin of a patient in the performance of microdermabrasion. As such, it may be designed with an elongated handle 12 to facilitate grasping by a user. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many different shapes and materials may be employed for the handle 12 and the present invention is not to be limited to an elongated, substantially cylindrical handle 12 as shown. In the example of Fig. 1, handle 12 is made of plastic, such as nylon or other plastic having sufficient toughness and mechanical strength, but may also be made of metal, such as stainless steel, for example, or ceramics or composites. Handle 12 is annular or tubular, providing a passageway 12a through which tube 14 is extended.

Tube 14 is adapted to be connected at its proximal end 14a (the end extending away from handle 12) to a fluid reservoir 70 (described below with regard to Figs. 6 and 8) which is in turn, open to atmosphere. Tube 14 is flexible and may be made of PVC or other compatible plastic, for example. Similarly, all other vacuum lines described herein are flexible to afford maneuverability to device 10 and may be made of PVC or other compatible plastic. Alternatively, the proximal end of tube 14 can be left open to atmosphere or connected to a flow control valve and/or filter, with or without connection to fluid reservoir 70. The distal end 14b of tube 14 is connected to functional block 16, by a frictional fit, as shown. Alternatively, a clamp or other type of connector may be provided to facilitate a pressure tight seal between tube 14 and functional block 16. Functional block 16 is adapted to be fixed to handle 12 and may be machined from metal such as surgical stainless steel or may be machined or molded of plastic or casted or molded from ceramic. Functional block 16 may be fixed to handle 12 using threads 16a (see Fig. 2) or other mechanical or chemical equivalent, although the fixation or interconnection is preferably done so that the functional block 16 can readily be detached and reconnected easily. Vacuum head base 18 is fitted over functional block 16, as shown in Fig. 3, for example, to form a pressure tight seal therewith. Vacuum head base 18 may be machined from machined from metal such as surgical stainless steel or may be machined or molded of plastic or casted or molded from ceramic. Vacuum head base 18 may be frictionally fit over functional block 16 with a seal being effectuated by positioning of one or more O-rings 16b (see Fig. 5) or other sealing members between functional block 16 and vacuum head base 18. A treatment tip 20 is fitted over the end of vacuum head base 18, and, likewise may be friction fit and/or provided with threads or other attachment means to provide a pressure tight fit between the components. The tip is smooth surfaced and adapted to glide over the skin surface for application of lotions/vitamins or other fluids thereto during processing. The tip may be made of plastic such as nylon or glass, such as pyrex, for example and is preferably, although not necessarily transparent or translucent. A transparent tip allows better visualization by the operator during processing. One or more O-rings 18a (see Fig. 4) or other sealing members may be provided between vacuum head base 18 and tip 20 to facilitate the pressure tight seal. Alternatively, tip 20 may be integrally machined or molded with vacuum head base 18. Tip 20 includes an opening 20a which targets an area of skin 2 to be microabraded when tip 20 is applied to the skin. Although shown with a single large opening 20a, it is conceivable that tip 20 could be provided with more than one opening to perform a similar function as described below.

Functional block 16 is a tubular structure that is configured to mate with vacuum head base 18. Vacuum head base 18 is also a tubular structure which has a significantly larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the distal portion of functional block 16, so as to form an annulus 22 therebetween. Tip 20 extends the annular space 22, as shown in Fig. 1. A passageway 16c runs the full length of functional block 16 and forms a continuation of the flow path defined by tube 14 when tube 14 is connected to the proximal end of functional block 16. An abrasive member 24 is formed at the distal end of functional block 16 thereby closing off the passageway 16c at the distal end of functional block 16. The abrasive member 24 is formed by fusing abrasive particles to the end of the functional block 16, or could alternatively be made as an abrasive disk and fitted within an open end of the functional block to seal the end or mounted to a closed end of a functional block 16. Although the abrasive member shown is substantially planar, it may alternatively be rounded, flared, concave, convex or elongated, for example. The abrasive particles are of a size ranging from about 50 to 300 grit, typically about 100 to 120 grit and are typically carborundum (aluminum oxide) or sodium bicarbonate, or the like. The coarser particles (at the lower ends of the grit ranges) may be provided on a functional block for use in initial treatments, while finer particles (at the higher ends of the grit ranges) may be employed for subsequent treatments. Alternatively, the abrasive member may be formed by knurling, machining, laser treatment or otherwise mechanically or chemically treating a closed end of the functional block to form the abrasive end. One or more openings 16d are provided through the wall of the distal tubular structure of functional block 16 to establish one or more flow pathways between passageway 16c and annulus 22. Tip 20 extends beyond the extremity of functional block 16 such that abrasive member 24 is positioned internally of the assembled device 10,and surrounded by annulus 22. An opening or port 18b is provided in vacuum head base 18 for connection of a vacuum source, for example, by connecting the vacuum port 18b to the vacuum source via a vacuum line. When vacuum is applied through opening 18b an opening 20a is sealed off, for example by placing it up against skin tissue, a closed loop vacuum flow path is established between the vacuum source and connecting line, vacuum opening 18b, annulus 22, opening(s) 16d, passageway 16c and tube 14. This flow path is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 shows an example of a microdermabrasion system 30 according to the present invention, which incorporates device 10. Vacuum opening 18b is connected with a vacuum source 40 as described above, by vacuum line 42. A collection reservoir 50 and, optionally, an inline filter 60 are connected in the vacuum line between device 10 and vacuum source 40. Vacuum line 42 connects to an input 52 to collection reservoir 50 via elbow 54, for example, and output 56 connects with a second vacuum line 44 via elbow 58, for example.

A manifold cover 59 sealably interfaces the input (52,54) and output (56,58) connections with a reservoir 51 which is typically ajar made of glass or plastic for example. An extension tube 53 connects with input 52,54 and extends into the reservoir 51 to ensure effective delivery of waste materials (abraded skin particles and, optionally, fluids) to reservoir 51.

Optionally, a back-up filter 60 may be provided inline between vacuum lines 44 and 46 as added insurance that no or substantially no fluid, skin particles, abrasive particle or other materials being collected by collection reservoir 50 can be transported to vacuum source 40. Filter 60 may be an in-line condensation filter, such as water condenser produced by Wilkerson Labs and available as part no. F0001-000 from Nor-Cal Controls, Inc. of Santa Clara, California..

The vacuum source may be the same as that provided for currently existing microdermabrasion devices, such as the ProPeel, MDPeel or iPeel, for example, each available from emed, Inc., Westlake Village, California. A power switch is used to activate the vacuum source and a vacuum in the range of about 2 to 14 psi is generally used during a procedure, depending upon the skin condition of the person being treated.

Tube 14 extends from the proximal end of the microdermabrasion device 10, and connects with output 72 of fluid reservoir 70 via elbow 74, for example. A breather line 76 may be connected inline via T-joint 76', for example, or other interconnection, and includes an adjustable valve 78 or other means for varying an amount of air that is allowed into the tube 14. This feature not only allows the amount of vacuum to be adjusted for a given fluid, but allows fluids having different viscosities to be applied at the same vacuum level, since different viscosities will require varying amounts of air to be inletted through the breather line, to give a constant vacuum level. Alternatively, a breather line or input with adjustment valve may be located on elbow 74 or directly on manifold cover 79. Still further, a valve or other flow control mechanism may be provided in the fluid delivery line 14 to control the amount of liquid passing through the line. This feature can be provided alternatively, or in addition to the breather line discussed above. An input 75 is provided in manifold 77 which is open to atmosphere to prevent vacuum buildup in reservoir 70. A manifold cover 79 sealably interfaces the input output (72,74) connections with a reservoir 71 which is typically ajar made of glass or plastic, for example, and contains lotions, vitamins and/or other skin treatment fluids to be applied to the skin through tip opening 20a. An extension tube 73 connects with output 72,74 and extends into the reservoir 71 to near the bottom of the reservoir to ensure that most all of the contents of reservoir 71 are capable of being delivered through the system.

Abrasive particles, such as corundum crystals, sodium bicarbonate particles or other abrasive particles, including those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,971,999 (which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference thereto), for example may be included in reservoir 71 for delivery through the system to perform a microabrading function, although this is not the preferred configuration of the present invention, as sufficient microabrasion may be accomplished via abrasive member 24. If used, the abrasive particles may be used together with any of the fluids mentioned above or with some other fluid carrier medium, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,971,999,for example.

Still further, the present system may be used by eliminating the fluid reservoir 70 altogether, wherein microdermabrasion is performed in a "dry state" and tube 14 is simply left open to atmosphere, with or without a filter and/or valve for adjusting the amount or flow rate of air that is allowed into tube 14.

In use, device 10 positioned so as to place tip 20 in contact with the skin surface to be microabraded and the vacuum source is turned on to establish a vacuum within the system 30. It should be noted here that the order of positioning and turning on the vacuum is not critical as the vacuum can be turned on prior to contacting the tip 20 with skin, since the vacuum loop will not be closed until such time that opening 20a is sealed by the skin. Upon forming the vacuum loop as described above, the fluid contents in fluid reservoir 70 are drawn through tube 14 and into device 10 where they flow out of the functional block 16 through openings 16d and are applied to the skin. A targeted area of the skin ( which is defined by the perimeter of the opening 20a is drawn up into the tip 20 and a central portion of the targeted area of skin is drawn into contact with abrasive member 24, while portions of the targeted area surrounding the central portion are treated with the fluid contents. As the user or operator of the device 10 glides the tip 20 over the surface of the skin, the targeted area in contact with the abrasive surface 24 is scraped over the abrasive surface wherein microdermabrasion of that portion of the skin is performed. Continued movement of the tip over the skin likewise continues the microdermabrasion of the targeted area, which changes along with the movement of the tip.

Advantageously, since the flow of fluids surrounds the area of skin being microabraded, the skin is both pretreated and post-treated with the vitamins, lotions, etc. contained in the reservoir 70. Pretreatment can soften the area of skin treatment to be microabraded, thereby rendering exfoliation more complete and easier to accomplished with less trauma to the skin tissues left behind, while post-treatment helps to reduce streaking and redness of the skin tissues left behind.

As the flow of the fluids continues out of the vacuum head base and into vacuum line

42, it carries with it the exfoliated skin particles and any other waste that is removed through the microdermabrasion process. Since the fluids surround the abrasive member 24, they are very effective in taking up substantially all of the particles that are loosened. during the microdermabrasion process, in contrast with prior art mechanisms having a abrasive tip that can only vacuum up particles from the leading portion of the tip (through a central opening through the abrasive tip), while all of the particles that are loosened or freed up by the trailing side of such a tip (i.e., that portion of the abrasive tip that is behind the central opening with respect to the direction of movement over the skin) are left behind.

Although the abrasive member 24 and functional block 16 described herein are one example of constructing the device according to the present invention, it is noted that they need not be constructed in this exact manner, as other configurations could be assembled to carry out the invention as described. For example, an abrasive member similar to that described, could be mounted to the inner walls of a vacuum head base with several spokes, while still maintaining an annulus substantially around the perimeter of the abrasive member, with the remainder of the functional block then simply being replace by an extension of tube 14. Also, the abrasive member could be formed in different shapes such as square or any other shape that substantially maintains an annulus or other flow paths that would substantially surround the abrasive member with fluid flow as described. Still further, the abrasive member could be mounted in the vacuum head base so as to allow flow channels only over upstream and downstream perimeters of the abrasive member, while leaving no openings along the side perimeters of the abrasive member which could be welded or otherwise sealed against the inner walls of the vacuum head base. Such a configuration would still allow leading edge and trailing edge uptake of microabraded skin particles. However, an annulus or other flow configuration which flows over substantially the entire perimeter of the abrasive member is preferred. Such a configuration is particularly more effective when circular movements of the tip 20 over the skin are applied.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process, process step or steps, to the objective, spirit and scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto.