Winding for an electrical machine

The invention relates to a a winding for an electrical machine.

The stand of electrical machines (eg induction or synchronous machines in rotary or linear type, wherein the term "electrical meant machines "both motors and generators) are generally equipped with a winding. The generated current flowing therethrough a migrating magnetic field, its effect on the air gap between Stator and rotor away causes movement of the rotor. some Types are equipped with a winding and the rotor. The winding is ia received in the grooves of a stator or rotor body, which at a Radial field machine generally parallel or at a small angle to the axis of rotation extend.

In a multi-phase ac machine, the winding ia a the number of phases corresponding number of strands that generally each a plurality of coils having one or more windings comprise. Each coil is usually with her two so-called. "coil sides" in the grooves, while the so-called. The winding heads running in the grooves of the winding sections on the end faces the stator body together. The coil or series circuits a plurality of coils of one strand are generally at one end to a power supply connected, at the other end are the strands together as so-called on. Star point connected. Alternatively, the strands can also appear in the triangle be.

As for generating a magnetic field with approximately sinusoidal Field course the coil sides of different strands in successive grooves or groove groups alternate, the coils of different strands are ia arranged overlappingly, so that between the two coil sides of a coil each coil sides of coils of other strands come to rest. The winding heads the overlapping coils must therefore at the end faces of the stator or rotor body dodge. For this, different ways of known winding head assembly. In the so-called. Two- or three-storey winding are the windings of interlaced coils as in various, in the groove longitudinal direction superposed floors. Connect at the basket winding all winding heads one floor to another, so that the impression of a Basket edge arises. This winding arrangements are eg in "expertise Electrical ", Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel, Nourney, Vollmer GmbH & Co., 22nd 1999 Edition, shown on page 331st Such windings are relatively expansive and almost fill the whole front side of the stand body.

In wound wire coil winding heads also stand for the Forced to meet certain minimum bending radii relatively far from the Grooves out what achieving a compact winding head arrangement with Wire windings difficult. With a wire coil, guests will reach the most only a relatively small groove filling factor of about 40%, since the wire ia a having circular cross-section, while the grooves are usually geradflankig. The winding of a stator or rotor body with wire coils is relatively expensive and difficult to automate. For these reasons, early on proposed (for example, DE-AS 10 06 506), the winding of electrical machines not build from wire structures, but of prefabricated moldings IA with a rectangular cross section. These are individually usually in the Slots of a stator body inserted and, after insertion on the end faces electrically connected to coils.

Under "slot bars" means those winding sections which in extend the grooves and form the coil sides, "Connection heads" those Portions extending to the end faces of the stator body and the forming winding heads.

can through the use of molded parts with a suitable cross-section increase the fill factor of the grooves. If the fittings at the transition between Slot bar and connecting conductors are prefabricated angled, eliminates the Problem of the minimum bending radius, so that in principle compact winding assemblies can be achieved. The shaped part windings known in the art with overlapping coils are usually many different, also often complexly shaped moldings required to dodge the Wikkelköpfe to achieve overlapping coils.

The DE 197 36 645 A1 proposes, for example, in an electric Engine build the winding of C-shaped moldings. In order to form a Turn of a coil are respectively two C-shaped moldings such into appropriate Grooves inserted such that the open sides facing each other, and the limbs of the molded parts are connected to each other at one end face. Around possible to achieve a compact winding head assembly, the leg, forming the connecting conductors are formed shallower than the grooves lying in the Portions of the moldings (the slot bars). The winding heads overlapping Coils soft by the fact that connecting conductor against the with these associated slot bars are offset in the direction of the groove depth and so the bundled connecting conductor of a coil at a certain height of the groove depth will. This bend is a running in the direction of the groove depth reach connecting piece between the slot bar and connecting conductors. There the slot bars must be different far bent, are many Moldings required. The bend of serving connectors at the end faces need additional space. The document further proposes to make the C-shaped moldings of stamped sheet metal parts, which are folded such that in the area of ​​the slot bar so many layers of sheet metal are superimposed such that the desired ratio of the slot bar thickness for connecting wire thickness is achieved.

The DE 44 11 749 C2 relates to a stator winding of U-shaped moldings, which is not welded to the end faces, but in the groove portion to each other will. The entire winding is first created without stand body. This is only then built around the finished winding around by individual segments of soft magnetic material used in the winding will. In this winding, the connecting lines are flatter than the slot bars adapted to the deflection of the different strands on the end faces to enable. As with in-phase wave winding shown here one slot per pole and phase, at most two strands run in parallel, the Dodge just by realized that the connecting conductors alternately in one - in the direction of the groove depth - the top or bottom of two Connecting conductor layers are. is the formation of a helical coil not provided in this construction, since no with the mold parts shown Change from a winding position to the other is possible. With "winding position" all slot bars of a winding meant that for the same distance groove bottom exhibit.

The DE 43 21 236 C1 discloses a winding of S-shaped moldings, each consisting of a slot bar and two connecting conductor halves which are angled at the two ends of the slot bar to different pages. The connecting lines are as thick as the slot bars and extend obliquely in Direction of the groove width and the groove longitudinal direction, wherein all connecting conductors halves a winding layer side by side, ie at the same distance to the groove base, find space. Many overlapping strands connecting wire halves protrude the moldings therefore relatively far from the grooves produced. The moldings be used by from the slot head in the grooves of a stator body and then the respective mutually superposed ends of to different winding layers belonging interconnection conductor halves joined together. On Thus is created a wave winding with multiple strands, each strand in each winding through the winding layer changes.

This winding is described in DE 196 32 390 A1 to the effect using relatively complicated moldings further developed in that the connection head halves offset by a half Nutstabdicke toward the groove depth are attached to the ends of the slot bar. Therefore, a strand as it passes through the junction between two connecting conductors halves indeed always or offset by a Nutstabdicke, but this is by the displacement of the Connecting conductor opposite the slot bars compensated. Here is a Wave winding shown. The mold parts have a complicated shape and are therefore expensive to manufacture.

From US-A-5422526 after which the preamble of the independent claims was formed, a method for producing a winding is known from Moldings for a stator of an electric machine with slots known. The finished winding comprises a plurality of overlapping coils with several full Turns, the connecting conductors located at faces of the stator exhibit. The connecting conductors of overlapping coils are Crossed and thus are arranged in layers.

The invention provides a coil for an electrical machine with a Stator and / or rotor with grooves prepared the winding more overlapping coils, each with at least one complete, from moldings Swirl produced, wherein the coil slot bars and to the having end faces of the connecting conductor stator or rotor lying, wherein the connecting conductors of the overlapping coils and thus clasped are arranged in layers. The winding is characterized in that it by layerwise inserting L-shaped structural parts in the grooves and Joining molding junctions, of the L-shaped moldings the next set position of moldings are covered, made is. Preferably, the mold parts are soldered at the connection points.

In one advantageous embodiment, each one of the legs of forms such L-shaped structural part one lying in a groove slot bar and the other Leg one lying on an end face of the stator or rotor connection conductor.

Preferably, the winding comprises a plurality of coils in the grooves of lying lying slot bars and from at the end faces of the stator or the rotor Connecting conductors are constructed In one advantageous embodiment, are the connecting conductors flatter than the slot bars are formed. The winding For example, as a corded multiphase winding with two slots per pole and train running.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least two coils are each connected in series, wherein the current one of the coils in the direction of the slot head and the other coil by flowing towards the groove bottom.

The winding can be constructed for example, a molding kit. The molding kit includes, for example a type of L-shaped structural part or two types of L-shaped structural parts, the connecting conductor leg shallower than the slot bar leg are formed. comprises preferably the molding set two types of L-shaped structural parts, of which one type is adapted to a connection in one and the same winding layer to form, while the other is adapted to a conversion of a to form winding layer to the next.

A coil of the type described is advantageous for only one or constructed two types of molding, whereby the winding, if necessary, additionally contain one or comprises two further molding types for interconnecting winding.

The winding is the example by multiple passes following steps a and b complete sequence of steps was prepared: (a) inserting of L-shaped structural parts in the slots of the stator or rotor until is a whole or a part of a winding layer is used, and (b) connecting in step (a) used moldings with busbars or in a previous run used moldings.

The invention will now by way of preferred embodiments and the accompanying exemplary drawings explained. In the drawing show:<dl tsize="10" compact="compact"><dt>Fig. 1A</dt><dd>a perspective view of a first type of an L-shaped Molding;</dd><dt>Fig. 1B</dt><dd>Sections along lines AA and BB in Fig. 1;</dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>a perspective view of a second type of an L-shaped Molding;</dd><dt>Fig. 3</dt><dd>a perspective view of another type of L-shaped Molding;</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>a perspective view of yet another, U-shaped Molding type;</dd><dt>Fig. 5a-c</dt><dd>perspective views of assembled in different ways L-shaped structural parts;</dd><dt>Fig. 6</dt><dd>a perspective view of an arrangement of a plurality of L-shaped Moldings;</dd><dt>Fig. 7</dt><dd>the view of Figure 6, with a further L-shaped molding. </dd><dt>Fig. 8</dt><dd>the view of Fig. 7, with an even further L-shaped Molding;</dd><dt>Fig. 9</dt><dd>a perspective view of a stator or rotor design section an electric machine having slots, in the L-shaped Moldings are used;</dd><dt>FIG. 10a-c</dt><dd>schematic plan views of the slots of the stator or Rotor body at various times during the Preparing the winding;</dd><dt>Fig. 11</dt><dd>a schematic plan view of the slots of a stator or rotor body with inserted U-shaped parts;</dd><dt>Fig. 12</dt><dd>a schematic view of the face of a wound Stator body;</dd><dt>Fig. 13</dt><dd>a winding pattern of a three-phase winding in accordance with a Embodiment;</dd><dt>Fig. 14</dt><dd>a perspective view of a first embodiment a conductor rail package;</dd><dt>Fig. 15</dt><dd>a perspective view of the conductor rail for the Star point of FIG. 15;</dd><dt>Fig. 16</dt><dd>a perspective view of another embodiment the busbar package according to the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 17</dt><dd>a schematic cross-sectional view of a joint a busbar;</dd><dt>Fig. 18a</dt><dd>a perspective view of another embodiment a conductor rail package;</dd><dt>Fig. 18b</dt><dd>a schematic plan view of a conductor rail</dd><dt>Fig. 19</dt><dd>a perspective view of a portion of a fully equipped with winding and busbar pack Stand.</dd></dl>

In the figures, same or similar functions parts partly with same reference numerals.

For simplicity, the following explanation of the preferred effected Embodiments based on stator windings; equally applies the but is said also to similar rotor windings. show example Figs. 9-11 equal views of a stand (in FIG. 9 a Internal rotor machine) and a runner (in FIG. 9 an external rotor machine).

FIG. 1 shows a first mold part type. Before this figure explained will initially follow a few comments on the preferred embodiments.

The preferred embodiments relate to windings a stator of a radial field machine in inner rotor type. Hereinafter therefore, the groove longitudinal direction as the axial direction and the direction of Nüttiefe called radial direction. The windings are described but suitable for external rotor and linear machines; as they do not have the Rotor windings are used. Also an axial field can with be fitted to a corresponding winding, provided that at different End faces lying connecting conductors to the respective cylinder shell form the front side are matched.

The stand shown in the figures comprises for guiding the magnetic River a stator body in the form of a laminated core, which for receiving the slot bars of the winding is grooved. The forms do not grooved part the so-called. back. By "end faces" are respectively the sides of the stand body understood to which the grooves are cut transversely. Both shown radial field machines are the axial end faces of the stator body.

With "power rails" the current conductors are referred to on the Winding is connected to the power supply. In the described is polyphase windings usually has a number of phases corresponding Number of busbars for the power supply and - at a Star connection - a power rail for the star point, the connection point the phase conductors of the coil used. In a delta connection the strands eliminates the power rail for the star point. If all guided busbars side by side, they form a busbar pack.

The hereinafter individually explained aspects of the described embodiments are mostly displayed in combination with one another in the drawing, but every aspect may also be implemented separately in a winding.

One aspect of the embodiments described is that the winding is at least partially made of L-shaped structural parts (L-shaped parts) is constructed, wherein in each case one leg of the L-shaped part and a slot bar the other leg a perpendicular thereto, substantially chordwise extending connecting conductor forms. By joining the free end of the slot bar of a molded part with the free end of the connecting line a other molding creates a coherent winding, at the preferred embodiments of a made up of helical coils Winding. Here, two L-shaped parts joined together each form a Winding a coil.

The slot bars have the purpose of achieving the highest possible fill factor one adapted to the groove cross-section in cross-section, eg in rectangular shaped grooves have a rectangular cross-section, the width in the substantially corresponds to the groove width. then several slot bars in a groove over one another. The connecting lines have, for example, also a rectangular cross section, but are advantageously shallower than the Slot bars, so that for example, the to overlapping coils associated connecting conductor can be radially stacked one another out over.

The connection between the free end of a slot bar (Slot bar) and the free end of a connecting conductor is preferably prepared by a flattened joint bar at the slot bar to a Connecting portion attached to the connecting conductor end and with this is connected. the connecting portion is advantageously embodied as flat, that the tongue and the connecting portion together not thicker than the Connecting conductors in the remaining region are.

In other (not shown), the slot bars are and connecting conductors of various moldings not connected by tabs, but by a differently shaped extension of the slot bar, which at recognized in the appropriate place or in a corresponding recess Connecting conductor is used.

The molded parts are soldered at the connection points, or by Clamping or plug connections mechanically interconnected and additionally soldered.

According to another aspect of the embodiments described can be the entire winding of only a few different types of molding build up. According to one embodiment for the construction of the winding - Possibly apart from the casing of the coil - only two different Types of L-shaped parts needed their connection conductor leg shallower than the slot bar leg are formed. A first type is designed to to form a compound in one and the same winding layer, while a second type is adapted to a conversion of a winding layer to form in the next. In a preferred embodiment, arranged a flattened joint at the end of each slot bar leg with in which one type of L-shaped molding the flattened joint and flatter both legs at the level of the bottom of the slot bar leg are, while in the other type of L-shaped molding the flattened Tab on the height of the top of the slot bar leg is located and the flatter Leg at the level of the bottom of the slot bar leg. Here, a molding of type 1 one half of a coil turn. Through a mind attached form part of the type 2 is completed the turn and winding through the connecting conductors of this molding in the next Winding layer transferred. By alternately moldings of type 1 with moldings connect type 2, results in a helical coil.

According to another embodiment, the structure of the winding even only one structural part required. Namely could coils exclusively are composed of L-shaped parts, for example of type 2, provided that the grooves are formed large enough to provide sufficient air in the direction of the groove depth to allow for the joints between the mold parts. alternative can be radially offset to the other grooves and each second groove in order to allow the construction of the winding of L-shaped parts of a single type.

To interconnect the thus obtained coil possibly be more molding types used. For example, if necessary, a further structural part for connection provided of two series-connected coils. Prefers this molding U-shaped design and is powered by two Nutstabschenkeln and a connection conductor portion formed of shallower than the Slot bar leg is formed. To connect a coil to a power supply you might use an additional structural part. In some embodiments, is this to be another type of L-shaped Molding whose connection line legs flatter than the slot bar leg is formed, at the end of the slot bar leg extended flattened Tab is arranged for connection to a busbar. In other Such embodiments are tabs on the busbars positioned itself so that to connect the winding a standard molding can be used by type 1 or. 2

in the preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method L-shaped parts axially from the end faces into the slots of the stator body used. This has the advantage that the grooves at their slot head by pole shoes etc. can be narrowed, thereby reducing the effective air gap becomes. After inserting the mold parts at their respective slot bar with the connecting line legs of an opposite of the End side molding used connected.

In the process, the moldings are in layers used and connected to each other. Here, the lying on the groove bottom Winding layer used first and the further winding layers in the order used outside of radially inwardly. The flattened joint the slot bars are in this case corresponding ie, radially from the top, from the inside to the mounted connecting portions, so that the joints of are available this page for bonding. The winding assembly may of course, also in the reverse direction, ie from the inside to the outside done.

In detail, in a step a of one end face of the stator in multiple grooves - as in every other slot - one slot bar leg of an L-shaped Molding used. Here, the slot bars of the moldings can in the same winding layer come to lie. The - not by others Moldings covert - Nutstabenden in step (a) molded components in step (b) on the opposite second end side with the Connecting conductor legs of the moldings previously used or busbars connected. In the step (a) remaining slots will be of the second front side used an L-shaped part per one slot bar leg (Step c), whereby the joints prepared in step b obscured be .. In step (d) are the Nutstabenden in step (c) employed Molded parts on the first end side with the connecting conductor legs connected by underlying moldings. These steps are repeated, until the grooves filled to the slot head or almost clear with slot bars. Moldings are then optionally used, due to their geometry are suitable for interconnection of the winding. For example, if necessary, U-shaped Mold parts used by the two helical coils in Row are connected, or a connecting piece for connecting the Winding to a power rail.

According to a further aspect of the preferred embodiments are the connecting conductors of overlapping coils with at least one complete Swirl arranged intertwined. Here, the connection conductor arranged in layers and preferably flatter than the slot bars formed, for example, so flat that the belonging to a winding layer Location of connecting conductors of various overlapping coils is not thicker than one slot bar. If several such layers of nested crossed connecting conductors placed one above the other, so you can reel be constructed with any number of turns. Also in the winding DE 197 36 645 A1, the connecting lines are flatter than the slot bars. Here are the connecting conductors of overlapping coils on the end faces but not reciprocally Crossed arranged, but each bundled into windings. In order to achieve the respective bundles, each link conductor is opposite the offset connected thereto slot bar in the direction of the groove depth (Offset), which entails disadvantages (many different moldings, footprint for the transfer). With over arrangement of the connecting conductors on the other hand eliminates the need for the connecting conductors with respect to the to put slot bars, so that the space requirement of the end windings is lower.

To the flattened connecting lines of interlaced coils in entangled Arrangement without offset to lead past each other, they are to the faces of the stator, for example, obliquely to the connecting line between out the two grooves whose slot bars connecting them. With connecting line here is the perpendicular to the bisector of the two grooves defined sector of the stand meant. The connecting line So has a different direction for each pair of grooves. By this oblique guide the connecting conductors of a winding layer are imbricated over each other layered.

In the illustrated examples is a winding with interdigitated constructed connecting conductors from the L-shaped moldings.

In order to make the winding on the end faces as possible to save space, has been recognized it to be advantageous to the winding for a winding scheme perform, in which at the end faces in each case as few windings are overlapping each other out over. As a simple example, let a three-phase winding with one slot per pole and branch (Einlochwicklung) called: Here extend on the end faces in each case only two winding heads overlapping. The circumstances are different, for example in windings with several Slots per pole and branch (multiple hole windings), which are used, to achieve a more favorable field distribution over Einlochwicklungen, which is better matched to a sinusoidal shape. As from the in "expertise Electrical "on page 331 shown winding diagram for a three-phase two-slot winding shows this example extend at respectively 4 windings the end faces overlap. Even with a space-saving entanglement the connection manager would thereby further sweeping winding heads arise because the connecting conductors low to compensate for their by a factor of 4 Thickness ia would wider form to approximately the same conductor cross-sectional area as the slot bars to achieve.

To the number of each each passing winding heads at reduce multiple hole windings, the winding is in the described Embodiments therefore executed craved. In a fractional pitch winding the coil width smaller than the pole pitch. Under pole pitch is meant the expressed in grooves between two magnetic poles. The Coil width specifies how many slots away from the first coil side the second coil side is inserted. In the preferred embodiments is the pole pitch 6, the coil width but only 5. This means that the Wikkelköpfe the coils are shorter than a winding ungesehnten because they must be bridged only 4 instead of 5 slots. Overall, the the End faces extending portions of the winding be shorter, and therefore is less space and reduces the resistive losses of the winding. In the three-phase two-slot winding shown is the chording the winding achieved, for example, that, instead of at the end faces in each case only three four windings are out overlapping. The choice of such a longed Winding scheme is particularly advantageous for molding coils in but the sense of achieving a compact end winding region is, in coils wire structures applicable with corresponding advantages.

The windings shown in the embodiments have a plurality of Spiral type on bobbins, with two coils connected in series in such a way are such that the current in one of the coils by the coil in the direction Slot head flows, and in the other direction in the groove bottom. are The coils the connecting conductors are formed flatter than the slot bars and on the end faces obliquely stacked to the connecting line between the two grooves, whose slot bars connecting them. A helical coil is then eg formed in that the located on one end side connecting conductor connect slot bars of the same position and located on the other end side Connecting conductor slot bars of radially superimposed layers. The winding is made of L-shaped parts.

By shown concatenation of two spiral-like coils it is achieved that connections to the bus bars at either the are arranged at the groove bottom or the slot head, so both on the same side the connecting conductors. This is particularly advantageous when also the The busbar package is arranged on this side of the connection conductor. at would have individual coils (not connected in series) then contrast a fitting conducted across the connecting lines from the slot head to the groove base be that space in the axial direction would. In the series circuit but can be a connecting piece which switches the two coils in series, running parallel to the connecting conductors and can thus save space in Radially be layered over the connecting lines. The connector for example, may be the center piece of a U-shaped structural part.

The mold parts used in the embodiments are preferably , Without cutting or machining made by judgment or forming, for example, by casting, extrusion, sintering, stamping, punching, milling and Bending or by combinations of these manufacturing techniques. For example the mold parts are punched out of a sheet of the thickness of the slot bars, the thickness of the stamped parts in the region of the connection conductor and the flattened Tabs reduced by coining, and lastly, during embossing extruded material cut off.

Alternatively, a molded part made from semi-finished products, for example, are joined together by resistance welding. In a preferred Embodiment, for example, an L-shaped molding of two rod-shaped, so-called. I-shaped parts with different cross-sectional shape prepared so that an I-shape part of the connecting conductor leg and another I-molding forms the slot bar leg. The slot bar legs can eg be a piece of square wire formed while the connecting conductors for example, a flat wire or a stamped flat part is used. The I-shaped parts can be produced due to its simple form with little waste.

In a further embodiment, the mold parts from a plurality of structured layers. Here, for example is on a flat, L-shaped molded part in the Area of ​​the slot bar placed a rod-shaped element to the Nutstabbereich to thicken. Multiple layers can eg aufeinanderpaketiert will. In another embodiment, a similar result is obtained, by flat starting material is folded such that the Nutstabbereich the desired thickness is obtained.

The mold parts comprise a conductive material such as copper or aluminum or alloys of these metals and are insulated from one another.

To connect the windings described to a power source are preferred peripheral busbars, along which several parallel-connected coils or coil groups are connected. These are preferably at regular, predetermined by the winding scheme, intervals connected along the periphery of the conductor rail. The coil ends are not through connectors with central connection points connected, but can optionally directly connected to the busbars will.

The illustrated embodiments of the winding are characterized by a compact end winding area. In particular, the connection conductors so formed flat and arranged such that the winding heads at the not take end sides in the radial direction more space than by the groove depth is given. It remains to the end-face surface of the stator body free below the grooves. In other words, it is the surface on the back of the stand, wherein the return of the magnetic River serves. This space is for interconnecting the coils available. By arranging the conductor rails or other components for interconnection the coil at this location, the space at least at an end face the stator body completely filled and so the extent of the magnetic non-active area of ​​the stand will be minimized in the axial direction. In addition, as the conductor rails are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the coils. The busbars for connecting the winding are therefore preferred in Direction of the groove depth disposed below the connecting conductors.

In a first embodiment, several or all bus bars , Adjacent layered in the longitudinal direction of the grooves, eg in the axial direction, so that they preferably directly adjacent to the windings, thereby can be connected to a short path directly to the coil. Preferably, at least one power rail to the the connecting conductors side facing increases, with which are connected to the coil ends. According to another embodiment, however, are more or all Busbars are stacked in the direction of the groove depth. In both Alternatives preferably has at least one power rail on the connecting conductors facing side flaps, which extend over the other Busbars extending and connected to each of which a coil end is.

In some embodiments, in each of which four coils in series are connected, forming the joints between two and two coils connected in series a further conductor rail of a plurality of isolated from each other sectors.

The equipment with revolving conductor rails is otherwise generally with any type of winding for an electrical machine with parallel-connected Coils advantageous. The present description discloses so also a winding assembly for an electric machine with a polyphase Winding, wherein a plurality of parallel coils or coil groups of the winding are connected to a circumferential conductor rail.

Overall, in the described embodiments of the court is to the end faces of a stator body exploited to save space, whereby in particular a small axial extension of the non-magnetically active volume of the stator is reached. The preferred form part winding has also a high space factor, so that a high torque density. The preferred embodiments are therefore particularly suitable for Use with a crankshaft starter generator for a motor vehicle. This is a functioning as a starter and generator electrical Machine concentrically on the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine sitting and preferably without intermediate translation rotationally fixed Shaft is connected. Due to the limited installation space, the axial Expansion is a starter-generator low, on the other hand are required for the direct start high torques.

Now coming back to the figures 1-4, there are for building presented the molding types used preferred winding individually and explained.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an L-shaped part 1 of the first Type. A leg 8a of the L-shaped part 1 forms in the finished winding a Slot bar 8, while the other leg 6a at the end face of the stator lies and in different grooves lying slot bars 8 interconnects. In follow slot bars and connecting conductors generally have the numerals 8 and 6, respectively, while the corresponding to certain types of molding Slot bar legs and connecting line legs 8a, 8b respectively 6a, 6b referred will.

The connecting lines 6 are flatter and wider than the slot bars formed 8 as seen from the cross sectional views shown in Fig. 1 b of the two Bars 6a and 8a is visible. Namely, the slot bars 8 has a thickness H and a width B, wherein the width B in the embodiment shown is chosen so that the slot bar in the width fills a groove. but are also possible embodiments in which a groove in several Slot bars next to each other, ie to lie at the same height from the groove bottom, come. The thickness h of the connecting conductor 6 is for example a third the thickness H of the slot bar 8, while the width b is about three times as the width B of the slot bar 8. The conductor cross section is therefore in two Legs of the shaped part shown in roughly the same.

The molding 1 has at the free end of the slot bar 8a a flattened Tab 10a. In the first type shown in Figure 1, the tab is 10a at the same height as the connecting line 6a, namely, on the on the drawing lying down side of the slot bar leg 8a. The (not visible) Bottoms of the slot bar 8a, the connecting line 6a and a close to Slot bar 8a lying transition area 12 of the flap 10a are therefore in one level. The transition region 12 of the tab 10a has approximately the same Thickness as the connecting line 6a, ie approximately one third of the thickness of Slot bar. At the far end of the link 10a is a connecting region 13, the still further flattened against the transition region 12 is, namely, to about one-sixth of the thickness of the slot bar. The transition between the regions 12 and 13 is effected by a step on the underside the tab 10a. The connecting portion 13 can be so opposite to the bottom the level of the bottom of the slot bar 8a an area totaling about one sixth of Nutstabdicke free.

For connecting two moldings of the connecting portion 13 is the Plate 10a is placed on the end of the connecting conductor of a second mold part and is connected thereto. The connecting portion 13 of the tab 10a is therefore - as well as a connecting portion 16 at the end of the connecting line 6 - is covered by an insulating layer, which in the Drawing is marked by hatching. To the non-hatched Surfaces form part 1, as well as the other illustrated moldings, insulating coated. So that the joint between two mold parts, which in the densely packed winding area is, no thicker than a connecting conductor 6, the connecting portion 16 of the connecting line 6a is at about the Half the thickness of the connecting conductor 6a flattened. This allows the tabs connection area 13 placed on a connecting portion 16 and be connected, without increasing the thickness of the connecting conductor 6 at the junction is exceeded. Since the possible kept short transition region 12 and the connection itself is only about a third of the height of the having slot bar 8a, is there a cross-sectional narrowing against which favor a densely packed winding arrangement of the connecting conductors in Purchase is made. The transition region 12 may be advantageous by he creates a distance between slot bars and winding area. He should have the largest possible conductor cross section. The transition region can be used as continuous transition between the slot bar and connecting portion 12 be formed. 13 In other embodiments, the transition region is 12 omitted, there closes the connection area 13 directly to the slot bar 8 at.

FIG. 2 shows a second type of L-shaped structural part 2, which together with the first type to form a complete turn of a helical coil is used. The mold part 2 is substantially the same construction as the mold part 1, in particular, the lengths and the Cross-sections BB and AA of the connecting conductors 6a, 6b and slot bars 8a, 8b the two moldings equal. Even when molding 2 is at the free end of the Slot bar 8b a flattened joint 10b. Unlike the tab 10a of molding 1 is the flattened joint but not at the same 10b Height as the connecting line 6b, but is opposed to the offset area of ​​the slot bar 8a. Namely, the flap 10b of the mold part 2 at the height of (in Fig. 2 lying above) page of the Slot bar 8b, while the connecting line 6b - like molding 1 - is disposed on the level of the bottom of the slot bar 8b. Otherwise is the tab 10b of the molding 2 the same configuration as the tab 10a of Molding 1: It includes a transitional region 12 which directly to the Slot bar 8b connects and about as flat as the connecting line 6b, and a further flattened connecting portion 13 at the outermost End of the tab 11. This area 13 is again designed so flat that its thickness, together with the thickness of the flattened portion compound 16 a connecting conductor 6 to the thickness h of the connecting line 6 equivalent. The step between the transition region 12 and the connecting portion 13 is 10b on the downwardly facing side of the bracket, so that the second type, the upper side of the entire tab 10b on the same Level as the upper side of the slot bar 8b is.

Fig. 3 shows a third type of L-shaped structural part 3, which to serves to connect the winding with the conductor rails. Molding 3 is similar in principle molding 1, but comprises, instead of the tab 10a extended flap 26 which connected to a power rail, it is, and therefore no having insulation. The tab 26 preferably has the same thickness as h a connection conductor 6. The moldings 3 are advantageous in the lowest Winding position of the grooves, so that the extended joint bars 26 possibly directly which is arranged below the grooves adjacent busbars. Alternatively, the mold parts 3 are also in the top layer of turns.

In another preferred embodiment, the tabs are to Connecting the winding to the power rails to the busbars even arranged. There are then no moldings 3 specially trained required by the third type, but there are for example the moldings 1 from the first Type with their tongues 10a on the extended joint bars 26 of the busbars welded.

Fig. 4 shows a type of U-shaped molded part, which is used to form two helical coils of a winding in series with turn. The U-shaped part 4 has two slot bar leg 8b, 8b 'on, which, in its length and cross-sectional shape with the AA Nutstabschenkeln 8a 8b of the mold parts 1 and 2 coincide. Both slot bars 8b, 8b 'have to its free end a flattened joint bar 10b on which the height on the 'Arranged in the drawing upward side of the slot bar 8b or 8b is and thus corresponds to the tab 10b of the L-shape portion of the second The two Slot bars 8b, 8b 'connecting the connection conductor 7 has the same cross-sectional shape BB on how the connecting conductors 6a, 6b of the mold parts 1 and 2, but is one slot longer than this. For example, if the connection conductors 6a, 6b of the molded parts from the first and second type so long, with a coil lying in a distance of 5 grooves slot bars are built 8 can, so the connection conductor 7 of the U-shaped part is for connection formed of two coils longer, in this example so that the two slot bar legs 8b, 8b 'come to lie at a distance of 6 slots each other. A Another special feature of the connection conductor 7 is that it related to the in two Nutstabschenkeln 8b, 8b 'is not in one and the same plane. Rather, it is a hand at the level of (in the drawing) upper side of one slot bar leg 8b, on the other hand, however, at the height of the bottom the other slot bar leg 8 b '. Lying in the finished winding both Slot bar legs 8b, 8b 'of the U-shaped part in the same winding layer, He is therefore a slight angle to the connecting line between the two grooves 8b with the slot bars, 8b '. As indicated by a seam 27, which may U-shaped molding z. B. be made of two L-shaped structural parts, the exhibit at the end of their connection conductor leg flattened areas superposed and which are joined together.

Fig. 5 shows various possibilities, an L-shaped part, not only from a Pieces from the solid, but of several parts manufacture. In the shown in Fig. 5a preferred embodiment, an L-shaped part, for example, composed of two rod-shaped I-shaped parts. The conductor for connection 6 and slot bar 8 required I-shaped parts with different lengths and Cross-sectional shapes may, for example, are respectively obtained from a semi-finished product. A slot bar 8, for example, by cutting a square wire are prepared with a suitable cross-sectional shape. on a (Not shown) end of the square wire is impressed a tab 10 and the displaced material cut. The other end is a similar shaped manner and trimmed, to provide it with a recess 22, in which an extension 21 of the connecting conductor inserted and with the Slot bar can be connected. The connecting conductor 6 is preferably from a ribbon punched. is on a corner of the connecting line 6 possibly a flattened joint 16 imprinted and the displaced Material cut. Preference slot bar 8 and connecting lines 6 by resistance welding. For this purpose, in the Extension 21 preferably welding studs engraved. Under certain circumstances, is the slot bar 8 at the end shown further embossed off, so that this Slot bar the same material thickness as the protrusion 21 of the connecting line 6. When welding the symmetry thus produced proves in the material thickness and heat dissipation advantageous. Suitable bonding techniques, to assist in the variant shown in Fig. 5a interconnect conductors 6 and slot bar 8 form an electrical connection, are also Welding (laser welding), soldering or gluing with a conductive adhesive, and positive or non-positive connections.

In the variants shown in Fig. 5b and c the L-shaped part is made of constructed of several layers. The. 5b molding shown in Figure from eg a flat, L-shaped layer 18 and an attached only in Nutstabbereich second layer 19 composed. The protruding below the layer 19 Areas of the layer 18 form on one side of the connecting conductor 6, on the other side of the tab 10a. The molding is therefore type 1. To produce a molding of the type 2, when the flap 10b and Connecting conductors 6 are not arranged on the same plane, according to Fig. 5c yet another layer 20 is placed that the slot bar protrudes beyond the layer 19 and thus forms a flap 10b. The layer 5c 19 'in Fig. Corresponding to the thickness of the layer 20 thinner than the Layer 19 of Fig. 5b is formed. The stacked layers preferably, by soldering, welding (ultrasonic, laser or resistance welding) Toxen or stamped packetization interconnected.

With reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 Now, the construction of a coil with overlapping Coils of L-shaped parts are explained. In the figures, for this purpose the structure of the lowest winding layer demonstrates a few moldings. The moldings are simplicity without stand body and on a flat surface shown lying; in a stator body of a radial field machine would be the molded parts on the inner surface of a cylinder arranged. FIG. 6 shows three L-shaped moldings of type 3 with extended Tabs. The moldings 3 are in the lowermost in the grooves Winding position and are offset by two groove spacings to each other, so that to be in every second slot of the slot bar 8a a molding 3 comes. The extended joint bars 26 are all located on the same end face of the stator body and are there with underlying (not shown) Busbars connected. On the other end face of the stator body the connecting conductors 6 are stacked like scales and so form a layer 28 of connection conductors. In the connecting line layer 28, the connecting conductors 6 are stacked such that they with their free end always be at the top in the position and the connecting area 16 free is accessible while the other end through another connecting conductor 6a is obscured. The transition between connecting conductors 6a and slot bar 8a the same L-shaped part 3 is located in the covered area.

In the connecting line layer 28 are, as seen in the drawing is, up to three connecting conductors 6a superimposed. Since the thickness H of the Connecting conductor 6a in the embodiment shown about a third of the Thickness H of the slot bars 8a is, the connecting line layer 28 is therefore at no Point higher than the corresponding layer of slot bars 8a.

In the example shown, the connecting lines 6a respectively connect slot bars at an interval of five slots, as will be explained below. In other, not shown embodiments connect the connecting conductors Slot bars to each other in a greater or lesser distance, so that even in the connecting line layer more or less than three each connection conductor superimposed. In these windings, the thickness h of the connecting conductors 6 advantageously chosen so that the thickness of a connecting line layer 28 each of the thickness H of a slot bar 8 corresponds. In other embodiments, which for connection to the busbars no special molding type provide, in the first manufacturing steps shown in FIG. 6, the first Molding type used.

Is in each second groove corresponding to FIG. 6, a mold member 3 inserted, inserted so in the remaining slots of the second type each a molding that his connection conductor 6b on the connecting conductors 6a of already deployed positioned mold parts 3 opposite end face of the stator body (see FIG. 7). The connecting portion 13 of the flattened flap 10b of the molding 2 is in this case on the flattened joining region 16 of the connecting line are to 6a of a molded part. 3 The molding 2 is connected to the mold part 3 at this point.

Since the end portion 13 of the tab 10b of the molding 2 - as described in connection explained with Fig. 2 - on the height of the top of the slot bar 8b is disposed, the slot bar comes 8b of the mold part 2 in the same winding layer as the slot bars 8a of moldings 3 to lie when he takes on the Connecting portion 16 of the connecting line 6a is placed. Thereby the height offset is compensated, the scale-like due to the 6a emerged skew the connecting conductors in the connecting line layer 28 is.

At the opposite end of the connecting conductors located 6b of the Molding 2 also obliquely, namely at its non-free end of the same Height as the extended joint bars 26 of structural parts 3, starting from there its free end it is but layered over these tabs.

Fig. 8 shows the same coil assembly as FIG. 7, in which still a further mold part 2 'has been used in accordance with the molded second The Mold part 2 'is in the same way as the form part 2 with its end-plates 13 at the end of its slot bar leg 8 b 'to the connecting area 16 a molded part 3. On the opposite end face is his connection conductor 6b 'like scales on the connecting conductors 6b of the molding 2 stacked so that the connecting portion 16 via the slot bar of the mold part 3 comes to lie, with the tabs of the end portion 13 of the mold part 2 '.

If, according to the scheme shown in Fig. 8 still further form parts 2 and 3 each in each groove a second, one obtains a complete winding position of slot bars 8. The form connection conductors of the mold parts 2 or 2 ' then a second connecting line layer 30 similar to the layer 28 on the other end side. The connecting conductor 6a, 6b of the mold parts 2, 3 are each above with its free end in these layers so that their uninsulated Junctions 16 from other connecting conductors of the same position are obscured. The connecting conductor layers 28 and 30 are each at an angle layered, in such a way that the connecting conductors 6b (in the perspective of the drawing) from the lower left to upper right, the connecting conductors 6a from bottom right to left pass up.

The mold part 2 is formed by, together with the associated mold part 3 Connecting one complete turn of a helical coil. By the obliquely layered connecting conductor 6b of the molding 2 is the Winding transferred to the next winding layer. To resume Coil is a - not shown in Fig. 8 - mold part 1 to the to the first down winding associated mold part 3 and thus began a new winding layer. The connecting portion 13 of the joint 10a, the molding comes 1 thus to lie on the connection point 16 of the corresponding molding 2 and is connected to the above-described manner with this. Since the tab 10a of the mold part 1 at the level of the bottom of the slot bar 8a is the molding 1 is formed by the oblique stratification in the connecting line layer 30 created in level at this juncture not balanced, but leads to the contrary, that a spiral is created. To form a complete winding be on all moldings placed 3 moldings of type 1 and at respective junctions 16 of the mold parts 2 connected in turn. To this second winding layer to complete, will be in the remaining slots, so in every other Groove, further mold parts 2 is placed on the already used mold parts 2 and connected to the connecting points 16 of the mold parts the first The connecting lines the molded parts 1 form a further connecting line layer 28, the the same structure as that in Fig. 8 shown connecting line layer 28 of Moldings 3. After inserting and connecting the second winding layer So are several overlapping coils formed with two windings, the connecting conductors are arranged interlaced.

The entanglement of the connecting lines of interlaced coils shown schematically in Fig. 12. This shows a schematic plan view of on the front side of a wound stator, wherein the end face of the connecting conductor 6b simplified shown as lines. The connecting lines 6b are superimposed here in four obliquely stratified layers 30th The connection conductor 6b of different lengths through different in line types, for example, belonging to connection conductor strand V by solid lines, to train W belonging connecting conductors 6b by chain lines and belonging to phase U Connecting conductor 6b by dashed lines. Within a connecting line layer 30, the various strands alternate respectively. By layering a plurality of identical documents and the corresponding compounds between the mold parts of these layers are formed helical coil 50, 52, 50 ', 52', 50 ", 52", folded into one another whose connecting conductor are. Each connecting conductor 6b a layer 30 belongs to another Kitchen sink. The connecting lines of branch V include, for example to the coils 50, 52, that of the phase W to the coils 50 ', 52' and the connecting conductors of the Phase U to the coil 50 ", 52". Coil 52 "overlaps on one side with the coils 52, 52 'and on the other side with the coils 50, 50'.

On the other end side of the connecting conductors 6a are corresponding to disposed manner, with the difference that the connecting conductors 6a able 28 each slot bars of the same winding layer interconnect, while the connection conductor 6b able 30 each slot bars of superposed Winding layers connect, so that after each turn, a change in the next winding layer occurs.

The end turns of wire coils may clasped in principle each other are arranged, instead of evading bundled at the end faces. Although FIG. 12 is a three-phase two-hole winding shows can Of course any winding an AC or DC machine be carried out such that the connecting conductors of overlapping Coils are intertwined.

Fig. 9 shows as well as Fig. 6 to 8 at the bottom part of the grooves in the lying winding layer. However, the image no longer shows the Idealization of a plane development, but a section of a curved Stator body 32 of a radial field machine in inner rotor type (Or a rotor body in outer rotor type), in which grooves 34 Moldings are used 2.3. Thus, the actual winding better visible is, only the two end faces of the stator body 32 are located. Of the Stand body 32 is of course massive and typically consists of electric motor laminations prepared which are stacked in the axial direction. The End faces of the stator body 32 shown thus correspond respectively about the outermost sheet of the sheet stack.

The mold parts 2, 3 are used directly on the groove bottom in the grooves 34th The grooves 34 are narrowed at their head 36, so that the L-shaped parts 2 and 3 are to be inserted only in the axial direction into the grooves. From the Viewers end facing a situation of moldings 3 is already being used, of the opposite end are three moldings of type 2 used.

In the curved depiction of Fig. 9 it is evident that the connecting conductors 6 of the L-shaped parts are slightly curved in the radial direction. This serves firstly, the connecting lines to a compact as possible Connecting line layer 28 übereinanderzuschichten, on the other hand to the circumferential direction the stator body to follow. The bend shown the connection conductor can be effected upon insertion of the moldings. It is also possible that already finished moldings with an appropriate curvature or before insertion to bend accordingly. In Fig. 9 is also seen that in the radial field machine shown, the grooves in the stator body from the groove bottom radially converge towards the slot head. The distance between two grooves So at the slot head lower than the groove bottom. In a winding, consisting of the constructed shown L-shaped parts, this difference can easily be compensated , since the exact distance between the two through a connecting conductor 6a or 6b associated slot bars 8a, 8b is not fixed. Rather, the tabs connection area 13 of a slot bar 8a or 8b at any Spot on the designed with sufficient tolerance width connecting portion 16 of the connecting conductor 6a or 6b of a second mold part are placed and connected.

Reference to Figs. 10a-c is now an embodiment of the method are described for producing a winding in more detail. The figures show respectively, a schematic plan view of the grooved side of a stand, or Rotor body - one here to think the stator or rotor bodies turn cut and developed into a plane. The narrowing of the Grooves on the slot head is not shown here, so that the uppermost in the grooves lying winding layer is fully visible. The grooves are each 1-12 numbered, as the winding pattern used in this example, all 12 slots repeated.

Fig. Figure 10a shows the stand after the termination of the first process step, wherein the second in each groove 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. of the drawing in the located at the top end face of the stator body is a shaped part 3 in the direction the arrow P was used, and in such a manner that all connecting lines 6 the moldings (in the drawing) to the left. The moldings 3 are in the grooves used in the order from left to right, so that all the free ends of the connecting lines 6 and after insertion of all moldings 3 this situation are still radially accessible. The moldings 3 in the slots 1, 5 and 9 each at the free end of the slot bar an extended flattened Tab 26 on (not shown) for connecting the winding to one of the Bus bars is suitable for the phases of the current supply. The Shaped parts in the grooves 3, 7 and 11 also have a flattened joint bar 26 ', which is designed to be shorter in this example as the elongated tabs 26 and rest on a busbar 40 for the star point.

After insertion of the portions of this first (partial) layer of the winding in a second - not shown - step the flattened Tabs 26 'and 26 connected to the underlying bus bars.

As shown in Fig. 10c, are then from the opposite (Lying in the drawing below) front side in the remaining slots each a molding 2 is inserted in the direction of arrow Q, and such that the connection conductor 6b of the mold parts 2 in the drawing to the right. The flattened tabs 10b at the free end of the slot bars of the mold parts 8b 2 come in each case on the free end of a connecting conductor 6 of a molding 3 to lie. Are all moldings 2 this winding layer used, are the flattened joint 10b with the underlying free ends of the Moldings 6.

FIG. 10c shows the stator body at the end of the subsequent process step, where in the drawing lying on the top end side of the The stator body in each second groove 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. moldings 1 in the direction of the Arrow P are inserted so that they used in step 1 just above the come moldings 3 to lie. The flattened joint 10a of Moldings 1 are located respectively on the free end of a connecting conductor 6 of a the moldings used in step 3 2. After all the moldings 1 used are, the flattened joint 10a of the mold parts 1 with the underlying Connecting conductors 6 of the mold parts 2.

The method steps shown in Fig. 10b and 10c are so repeated until the grooves except the top layer of turns with Slot bars are filled. Then, instead of that shown in Fig. 10b Step used in the end face of the lower mold parts of type 2 are U-shaped moldings of type 4 used, as shown in Fig. 11gezeigt. In the drawings are not yet fully inserted all U-shaped parts. The hatched U-shaped parts 4 have 8b two slot bars and 8b 'which are inserted into the grooves 2 and 8, 4 and 10, 6 and 12. FIG. In every second slot is therefore a slot bar legs of a U-shaped part. The connecting lines 7 of the U-shaped parts are on the underlying end face of Stator body just like scales stacked as the connecting conductors 6 of the L-shaped parts. However, the connection conductor 7 are to a groove distance longer than the connection conductor 6 of the L-shaped parts. Therefore, the flattened joint come 8b 10b of the slot bars, 8b ' the U-shaped parts respectively on the exposed ends of at different Coils belonging connecting conductors 6a moldings 1 to lie and be in a last method step associated with these.

By the U-shaped parts in each case two helical coils are in Series connected. This is hereinafter referred to in conjunction with FIG. 12 nearer explained. As mentioned above, FIG. 12 is a highly schematic Representation of a plan view of an end face of a wound stator body, namely the in Figs. 10 and 11 below front. Fig. 12 shows the back of the stacked in several layers 30 connecting conductor 6b. To better illustrate the current flow direction in one of the strands indicated by arrows. The as solid Line drawn strand U begins with a connection to a busbar at point A. From there, the strand in a helical coil 50 four winding layers or four connecting conductor layers 30 to the slot head out. The dotted line represents a connection conductor 6 on the opposite End side of the rotor body. With this connection conductor is connected to a U-shaped part, whose connection conductor 7 shown on the Front side runs. By the U-shaped part are two identically constructed Coils 50 and 52 connected in series such that the current through the two coils in opposite directions flows, as evidenced by the arrow directions. In the helical coil 52, the current flows therefore in the illustrated Moment from the slot head to the groove bottom, while of the coil 50 Groove bottom to the slot head flows. At point B of the strand at the star point is connected. The other two, dashed or dot-dashed Strands have connections to the busbars and corresponding U-shaped parts with connection conductors 7, which is not shown in Fig. 12 are.

Fig. Figure 13 shows the winding pattern, that shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 according to the Winding is performed. It shows how the individual coils in the grooves the stator body are distributed, at which winding in each groove only one coil side lies (single-layer). The winding pattern repeated all 12 slots. The winding is provided as a three-phase winding (three-phase winding) running with two slots per pole and branch (two-slot winding). This results in a pole pitch of six, ie, the magnetic poles are in a pitch of six slots each other. In a diameter winding would thus also the coil width, ie the equivalent in grooves Distance between the two coil sides of a coil, equal to six. When in Fig. 13 is shown the winding coil width but smaller than the pole pitch, namely equal to five, so it is a so-called. pitch winding. By chording is achieved here, that at the end faces of the stator body maximum the winding heads of three coils are guided past one another. For the above-described embodiments of the winding means the that a compact winding head assembly is achieved when the Thickness h of the connecting conductor is a third or less of the thickness H of the slot bars is.

Purpose vividness a train V in FIG. 13 is shown in bold. The other strands U, W extend accordingly. The train comprises two V series-connected coils 50, 52, which simplifies here as closed rings are shown - in fact it is with them to spiral with eg eight turns. The coil 50 is electrically one hand with the conductor rail 44. for phase V and the other part bridging over 6 slots may be connecting piece 7, for example, part of a U-shaped part, with the coil 52. That is electrically (in an embodiment not shown in Fig. 13) with the marked Y busbar for the star point 40 connected. The instantaneous current direction is indicated by arrows. The two coils 50, 52 are with their facing coil sides in adjacent grooves, so that the current in the two adjacent grooves in the same direction flows. Between the coil sides of a coil 50, 52 are each 4 coil sides of coils of other strands.

The arrangement of the winding heads goes from the winding diagram of FIG. 13 not out. If the connection manager, however, as described above layered compact so hardly remain in the interstices densely packed "winding package". The two of the series coil therefore required connectors 7 are advantageously either at the slot head or at the groove bottom, so the edge of the winding package. Consists the winding essentially of helical coils (ie coils, in which the connecting conductors do not overlap in the radial direction) Thus, by a connecting piece 7 in each case two coils 50, 52 in such a way connected in series such that in at a time in one of the coil current Direction of the slot head and in the other flows toward the groove bottom. Since the two Coils 50, 52 However, in the stratification described above, the connecting conductors in structure are identical, the two coils 50 and 52 is switched by the connecting piece 7 in series so that the current in opposite directions through the two coils, ie in opposite directions, flows. This series connection are automatically the terminals of the strands to the bus bars for the power supply 42, 44, 46 and all radial for the star point 40 on one side of Winding package, on the other side as the Verbindungsstükke. the busbars are advantageously located on this page.

Alternatively, each 4 or another even number of coils in connected in series, as shown in Fig. 13. In the winding diagram of Fig. 13 are two pairs of series-connected coils in turn by another Connector 48 connected in series. The connecting pieces 48 may be the same design as the connectors 7; for another Embodiment they form - as described in more detail below-sectors an additional busbar.

Fig. 14-19 show examples of compact versions of the busbar package. The busbars rotate the stand so that along the Circumferentially a plurality of parallel coils or coil groups they can be connected. Since serving through which the current supply Busbars usually a high current flows, the current rails to minimize resistive losses on a relatively large Querschitt and therefore take up a lot of space. To the axial extent of to keep upright as small as possible, the busbars are in the shown Examples in the area radially adjacent the slot openings on an end face a stator body arranged. Given the compact described above Winding head assembly is this surface on the end faces namely anyway free and can therefore be utilized to save space for the power supply. The bus bar packages shown are therefore especially to connect the winding suitable described above, but may in principle with any winding are combined.

An exemplary arrangement of the bus bars for a three-phase winding according to a first embodiment is shown in Fig. 14. The Busbars are here, as I said, in the direction of the groove depth below the arranged windings and connections 49 to the rotary power source connected. The bus bars shown in Fig. 14 are in the longitudinal direction of the grooves, that is, stacked in the axial direction, so that each single busbar directly abuts the radially inner windings. The junctions 60, 62 to connect the strands to the Busbars are therefore arranged on the radially inside of the busbars. The winding can therefore directly and without further Verbindungsstükke are soldered to the busbars 40, 42, 44, 46, for example, if the Winding partly of special structural parts 3 with extended joint bars 26 is built on the slot bar, which extend to the junctions 60, 62nd

Here, however, it must be ensured that each extended joint 26 only one of the busbars 40, 42, 44 or 46 contacted. To this end are the busbars 42, 44, 46 with an electrically insulating coating provided having at the connection points 62 windows, the are offset from one another such that each tab 26 contacts a maximum window. According to another, in Fig. 14, 16 and 17 shown variant, the current rings at the contact point 62 increases, so-called. Schweißbukkel 63, which protrude radially inward. If an extended joint 26 contacts with a welding projection 63 and welded, it is therefore at the same time held at a distance from the other busbars. Of the Weld projection 63 is as imprinted in the busbars 42, 44, 46, by the busbars 42, 44, 46 at the positions where a weld projection 63 to develop, to be pressed in the axial direction, so that a bulge 63 from displaced material on the radially inner side of the busbar forms. The out repressed material can, for example in the form of a protruding Flag have (see Fig. 17).

The winding is necessary, but not only with the conductor rails for the connected power supply, but also with a busbar for connection the three strands, the so-called. neutral. Alternatively, the strands can also be connected in a triangle, so that no power rail for the star point is required. Since the currents in the three phases of a three current source is at 120 ° phase with each other, the current flowing in the neutral point Sum of these currents at any time almost nil. The Busbar for the neutral point 40 has therefore to save space, a smaller cross-sectional area than the conductor rails 42, 44, 46 for the Power supply, namely it is thinner than the remaining bus bars in the axial direction shown 42, 44, 46. As the star-point 40 in the busbar in Fig. 14 Example is too thin, that on the inner radial surface of a molded part of the Winding could be welded, it has instead weld projections 63 tabs 60, which extend in the axial direction via the radial inner surfaces the other busbars extend. In this example, the tabs 60 extended joint 26 of a molded part 3 welded. For better Clarity is the conductor rail for the star point 40 with the tabs 60 is shown in Fig. 15 without the other busbars.

The busbar package shown in FIG. 14 is for connecting a Three-phase winding with any winding pattern suitable. The in Fig. 16 Busbar pack shown, however, is in particular to connect the Embodiment of a three-phase winding, each having four series-connected Coils suitable. It has the same components as in FIG. 14, in particular three axially laminated busbars 42, 44, 46 for connecting the winding to the electrical power supply, each of which as Weld projection having 63 trained junctions 62 and of Busbar 40, for the star point, which is equipped with tabs 60 which extends over the radially inner surface extending at least one of the busbars. In addition, it has yet another track, namely a sector piece conductor rail 48 on which the on the radially inner side The busbar package is disposed, wherein the connection points 60 and 62 the rest of the bus bars 40, 42, 44, 46 through corresponding recesses available in the sector busbar 48 and contacted with the winding are. The sector piece conductor rail 48 is not continuous, but consists of electrically insulated from each sector pieces. These each form the connecting pieces marked in the winding diagram of Fig. 13 with 48 between two pairs of series-connected coils. Therefor are the extended tabs to the two ends of a sector 48 26 of moldings 3 belonging to different pairs of coils coils 52 and 54, respectively.

In another embodiment, the busbars are not axially, but radially stacked, as shown in Fig. 18a. In this Arrangement is only one bus bar 46 directly to the windings adjacent disposed, while the other bus bars 42, 44 have no direct have access to the winding. Therefore, all power rails with tabs 61 equipped, which radially inwardly, possibly via other busbars or project over the winding heads. To connect the winding These tabs 61 are bent, for example at its end to the inside and the extended tab 26 of a mold part 3 welded onto the bent end. can also in this embodiment, a sectored Bus bar 48 is arranged radially on the inside of the busbar package be, or a conductor rail for the star point on the radially housed inside or axially across the other busbars 42, 44, 46 will. The busbars can eg by cutting be ring made of a plate. However, this falls quite a lot of wastage at. the busbars are therefore preferably by bending from a Rod with a suitable cross section or made individual ring sectors composed. Fig. 18b shows such from individual ring sectors composite conductor rail 40, 42, 44, 46. The sectors preferably connected by press-fitting to each other by, for example projections 47 are pressed into corresponding recesses in the sector ends. the bus bars are advantageously so assembled into a package, that the joints between the sectors of superimposed located conductor rails are mutually offset, the stability of the to increase current rail package.

Fig. Figure 19 shows an embodiment of a winding in a stator an electrical radial field machine with a busbar pack, which about which corresponds to that shown in Fig. 18. The space-saving utilization of Space on the front side of the stand body 32 is very clearly here as well as to the offset configuration of the connecting lines 6 overlapping Do the washing up.

The coils described in the exemplary embodiments are with only a few different, simple moldings and are characterized by a space-saving arrangement of the winding heads.