Oxidation and fatigue resistant metallic coating
Abstract
The present invention relates to a metallic coating to be deposited on gas turbine engine components. The metallic coating comprises up to 18 wt% cobalt, 3.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 15 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 9.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt% rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
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33 claims: 14 independent, 19 dependent
- 1A metallic coating for providing oxidation and fatigue resistance having a composition comprising up to 18 wt% cobalt, 3.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 15 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 9.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt % rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
- 6A metallic coating having a composition consisting essentially of up to 15 wt% cobalt, 5.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 12 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.06 hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 5.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt% rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
- 9A metallic coating according to any of claims 6 to 8, wherein said cobalt is present in an amount less than 2.0 wt%, said chromium is present in an amount from 10 to 15 wt%, said aluminum is present in an amount from 6.0 to 10 wt%, said yttrium is present in an amount from 0.2 to 0.7 wt%, said hafnium is present in an amount from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, said silicon is present in an amount no greater than 0.1 wt%, and said tantalum is present in an amount from 5.0 to 7.0 wt%.
- 14A metallic coating consisting essentially of up to 2.0 wt% cobalt, 10 to 15 wt% chromium, 6.0 to 10 wt% aluminum, 0.2 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.2 to 0.6 hafnium, 0.001 to 0.1 wt% silicon, 5.0 to 7.0 wt% tantalum, 1.0 to 4.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 3.5 wt% rhenium, up to 4.0% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
- 16A metallic coating consisting of 12.5 wt% chromium, 8.0 wt% aluminum, 0.4 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 6.0 wt% tantalum, 2.0 wt% tungsten, 2.0 wt% rhenium, and the balance nickel.
- 17A metallic coating consisting essentially of 2.0 to 18 wt% cobalt, 3.0 to 10 wt% chromium, 5.5 to 15 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, 1.0 to 9.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 5.0 wt% rhenium, 0.2 to 4.0 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
- 21A metallic coating according to any of claims 17 to 20, wherein said cobalt is present in an amount from 8.0 to 12 wt%, said chromium is present in an amount from 4.0 to 6.5 wt%, said aluminum is present in an amount from 7.5 to 12.5 wt%, said yttrium is present in an amount from 0.2 to 0.7 wt%, said hafnium is present in an amount from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, said silicon is present in an amount no greater than 0.1 wt%, and said tantalum is present in an amount from 5.0 to 7.0 wt%.
- 25A metallic coating having a composition consisting essentially of 8.0 to 12 wt% cobalt, 4.0 to 6.5 wt% chromium, 7.5 to 12.5 wt% aluminum, 0.2 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.2 to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 5.0 to 7.0 wt% tantalum, 4.2 to 5.8 wt% tungsten, 2.3 to 3.7 wt% rhenium, 1.4 to 2.0 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
- 27A metallic coating consisting of 10.5 wt% cobalt, 5.0 wt% chromium, 9.0 wt% aluminum, 0.4 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 0.1 wt% silicon, 6.0 wt% tantalum, 5.0 wt% tungsten, 3.0 wt% rhenium, 1.7 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
- 28A method for depositing an overlay coating on a substrate comprising:providing a substrate material formed from at least one of a nickel-based, a cobalt-based, and an iron-based metallic material;anddepositing onto said substrate a coating having a composition consisting essentially of up to 18 wt% cobalt, 3.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 15 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 9.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt% rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
Independent claims14
21 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to an oxidation and fatigue resistant metallic coating for protecting high temperature gas turbine engine components.
Various metallic coatings have been developed in the past for the oxidation protection of high temperature gas turbine engine components. These coatings are often based on different aluminide compositions with nickel or cobalt base metal materials. Alternatively, they are based on overlay deposits with MCrAlY foundations where M is nickel, cobalt, iron or combinations of these materials. These coating systems suffer from shortcomings that preclude their use on newer advanced turbine components. The diffused aluminides, while possessing good fatigue resistance, are generally lacking in very high temperature oxidation resistance (above 2000 degrees fahrenheit, 1093 degrees Celsius). The overlay MCrAlY coatings tend to have serious fatigue debts that limit their applications. The addition of active elements to the MCrAlY coatings not only provides excellent oxidation resistance, but makes them good candidates for bond-coats for thermal barrier ceramic coatings. While both aluminides and MCrAlY coatings have widespread applications, a new coating that could combine the best properties from both would have immediate application on advanced turbine components where fatigue, pull weight, and oxidation must all be minimized.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a metallic coating composition which provides excellent oxidation and fatigue resistance properties.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a coating composition which reduces the thermal expansion mismatch between the coating and common turbine alloys.
The foregoing objects are attained by the coatings of the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, a metallic coating is provided which has a composition comprising up to 18 wt% cobalt, 3.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 15 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt % yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 9.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt% rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel. The preferred coating compositions of the present invention also have a total amount of tantalum and tungsten in the range of 3.0 to 16 wt%.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a metallic coating is provided having a composition consisting essentially of up to 15 wt% cobalt, 5.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 12 wt% aluminium, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 5.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt% rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
Other details of the oxidation and fatigue resistant metallic coatings of the present invention, as well as other objects and advantages attendant thereto, are set forth by way of example only in the following detailed description.
Turbine engine components are formed from nickel-based, cobalt-based, and iron-based alloys. Due to the extreme high temperature environments in which these components work, it is necessary to provide them with a protective coating. The coatings must have a composition which minimizes the fatigue impact on the turbine engine components to which they are applied and at the same time provide maximum oxidation resistance properties. The coating must also be one where the thermal expansion mismatch between the coating and the alloy(s) used to form the turbine engine components is minimized. This mismatch is one of the causes of the poor fatigue performance of MCrAlY coatings.
In accordance with the present invention, metallic coatings have been developed which reduce the thermal mismatch and which provide a very desirable oxidation and fatigue resistance. These metallic coatings having a composition which broadly consists essentially of from up to 18 wt% cobalt, 3.0 to 18 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 15 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt% yttrium, up to 0.6 wt% hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt% tantalum, up to 9.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0 wt% rhenium, up to 10 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel. In these coatings, preferably the tungsten and the tantalum are present in a total amount in the range of from 3.0 to 16 wt%.
Within the foregoing broad coating compositions, a first family of particularly useful coatings for turbine engine components has a composition which consists essentially of up to 15 wt%, preferably 2.0 wt% or less, cobalt, 5.0 to 18 wt%, preferably 10 to 15 wt% chromium, 5.0 to 12 wt%, preferably 6.0 to 10 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt%, preferably 0.2 to 0.7 wt%, yttrium, up to 0.6 wt%, preferably 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, hafnium, up to 0.3 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt%% or less, silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt%, preferably, 5.0 to 7.0 wt% tantalum, up to 5.0 wt%, preferably, 1.0 to 4.0 wt% tungsten, 1.0 to 6.0, preferably 1.0 to 3.5 wt%, rhenium, up to 10 wt%, preferably 4.0 wt% or less, molybdenum, and the balance nickel. The total amount of tantalum and tungsten in these metallic coatings is in the range of 3.0 to 12 wt% and preferably, in the range of 5.0 to 9.0 wt%.
Within this first family of coatings, a particularly useful coating composition consists of 12.5 wt% chromium, 8.0 wt% aluminum, 0.4 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 6.0 wt% tantalum, 2.0 wt% tungsten, 2.0 wt% rhenium, and the balance nickel.
A second family of particularly useful metallic coating compositions comprises 2.0 to 18 wt%, preferably 8.0 to 12 wt%, cobalt, 3.0 to 10 wt%, preferably 4.0 to 6.5 wt%, chromium, 5.5 to 15 wt%, preferably 7.5 to 12.5 wt% aluminum, 0.1 to 1.0 wt%, preferably 0.2 to 0.7 wt%, yttrium, up to 0.6 wt%, preferably, from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, hafnium, up to 0.3 wt% silicon, 3.0 to 10 wt%, preferably from 5.0 to 7.0 wt%, tantalum, 1.0 to 9.0 wt%, preferably 4.2 to 5.8 wt%, tungsten, 1.0 to 5.0 wt%, preferably 2.3 to 3.7 wt%, rhenium, 0.2 to 4.0 wt%, preferably 1.4 to 2.0 wt%, molybdenum, and the balance nickel. The total amount of tungsten and tantalum in these coatings is from 3.0 to 12 wt%, preferably from 5.0 to 9.0 wt%.
Within this second family of coatings, a particularly useful coating composition consists of 10.5 wt% cobalt, 5.0 wt% chromium, 9.0 wt% aluminum, 0.4 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 0.1 wt% silicon, 6.0 wt% tantalum, 5.0 wt% tungsten, 3.0 wt% rhenium, 1.7 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
A driver of poor coating fatigue performance is excessive coating thickness. Typical methods of depositing overlay coatings include thermal spray techniques such as low pressure plasma spray (LPSS), which creates coating thicknesses in the range of 0.004 to 0.012 inches, 0.1016 to 0.3048 mm. Using cathodic arc plasma vapor deposition techniques, it is possible to apply coatings with the aforesaid compositions having a thickness of 0.002 inches, 0.0508 mm. Techniques for applying the coatings of the present invention by cathodic arc plasma vapor deposition are discussed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,972,185; 5,932,078; 6,036,828; 5,792,267; and 6,224,726, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. Alternate methods of deposition, including other plasma vapor deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering and electron beam plasma vapor deposition may be used. When thickness concerns are not present, various thermal spray techniques such as low pressure plasma spray and HVOF (high velocity oxy-fuel) techniques may be utilized.
Coatings having compositions in accordance with the present invention have demonstrated thermal fatigue resistance equal to the best fatigue resistant diffused aluminide coating. The following table illustrates the results of a 2100 degree fahrenheit, 1148.9 degree Celsius burner rig cyclic oxidation test comparing preferred compositions in accordance with the present invention with other coating compositions. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="center"><b>2100F, 1148.9°C BURNER RIG CYCLIC OXIDATION TEST</b></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center"><b>Candidate</b></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="center"><b>Thickness</b></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center"><b>Coating Life</b></entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center"><b>System Failure</b></entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" /></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center"><b>Number</b></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center"><b>mil</b></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center"><b>(mm)</b></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center"><b>(Hrs)</b></entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center"><b>CL**</b></entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center"><b>(Hrs)</b></entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center"><b>SF **</b></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">701</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.95</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.075</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">2320</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">1573</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">2713</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">1839</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">702</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">3.1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.079</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">4105</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">2648</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">6285</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">4055</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">703</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.069</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">1591</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">1179</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">1932</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">1431</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">699</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">3.3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.084</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">3060</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">1855</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">3622</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">2195</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">700</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.15</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.055</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">1170</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">1088</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">1399</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">1301</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">697</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.061</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">982</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">818</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">1045</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">871</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">695</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.071</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">826</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">590</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">1315</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">939</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">696</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.45</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.062</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">676</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">552</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">805</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">657</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">PwA 275</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">0.051</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">115</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">115</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">366</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">366</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="7" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify"><b>** Normalized to a 2 mil coating thickness.</b></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Samples formed from material 701 had a composition consisting of 12.5 wt% chromium, 8.0 wt% aluminum, 0.4 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 6.0 wt% tantalum, 2.0 wt% tungsten, 2.0 wt% rhenium, and the balance nickel. Samples formed from material 702 had a composition consisting of 10.5 wt% cobalt, 5.0 wt% chromium, 9.0 wt% aluminum, 0.4 to 0.7 wt% yttrium, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 0.1 wt% silicon, 6.0 wt% tantalum, 5.0 wt% tungsten, 3.0 wt% rhenium, 1.7 wt% molybdenum, and the balance nickel.
Samples designated 703 had a composition of 7.0 wt% chromium, 6.0 wt% aluminum, 5,5 wt% tungsten, 4.0 wt% tantalum, 2.0 wt% rhenium, 4.0 wt% ruthenium, 0.5 wt% molybdenum, 0.4 wt% hafnium, 0.25 wt% yttrium, and the balance nickel.
Samples designated 699 are NiCoCrAlY compositions with rhenium and tantalum. Samples designated 700, 697, 695, and 696 are NiAl compositions with 2 - 4 wt% chromium, 0.2 to 0.6 wt% yttrium and 0.4 wt% hafnium. Samples designated PWA 275 are conventional low activity NiAl aluminides.
The test conditions were 57 minutes at 1148.9 degrees Celsius and 3 minutes forced- air cooled, each hour. The burner rig used a supply of pre-heated, compressed air mixed with JP8 jet fuel to heat the samples in a dynamic environment.
It is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention an oxidation and fatigue resistant metallic coating which fully satisfies the objects, means and advantages set forth hereinbefore. While the present invention has been described in the context of specific embodiments thereof, other alternatives, modifications, and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art having read the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims.
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| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Patent ceasedCeasedPL | PL | CH | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]LapsedPG25 | PG25 | EP | |
| Discontinued in the netherlands as no translation has been filedVDEP | VDEP | NL | |
| Corresponds to:REF | REF | EP | |
| European patents granted designating irelandGrantedFG4D | FG4D | IE | |
| European patent takes effect as a national patent in ch/liEP | EP | CH | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | EP | |
| European patent grantedGrantedFG4D | FG4D | GB | |
| (expected) grantORIGINAL CODE: 0009210GRAA | GRAA | EP | |
| Grant fee paidORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3GRAS | GRAS | EP | |
| Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patentORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1GRAP | GRAP | EP | |
| First examination report despatched17Q | 17Q | EP | |
| Designation fees paidAKX | AKX | EP | |
| Request for examination filed17P | 17P | EP | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | EP | |
| Request for extension of the european patentAX | AX | EP | |
| Information provided on ipc code assigned before grantRIC1 | RIC1 | EP | |
| Information provided on ipc code assigned before grantRIC1 | RIC1 | EP | |
| Information provided on ipc code assigned before grantRIC1 | RIC1 | EP | |
| Information provided on ipc code assigned before grantRIC1 | RIC1 | EP | |
| Search report despatchedORIGINAL CODE: 0009013PUAL | PUAL | EP | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | EP | |
| Request for extension of the european patentAX | AX | EP | |
| Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phaseORIGINAL CODE: 0009012PUAI | PUAI | EP |
Numbers
- Publication
- 1361291
- Publication, DOCDB
- 1361291
- Publication, EPODOC
- EP1361291
- Application
- 3252839
- Application, DOCDB
- 03252839
- Application, EPODOC
- EP20030252839
Titles3
- German
- Oxidations- und ermüdungsbeständige metallische Beschichtung
- English
- Oxidation and fatigue resistant metallic coating
- French
- Revêtement métallique résistant à l'oxydation et à la fatigue
Classification
- CPC, 8
- C22C19/056
- C23C4/06
- B32B15/01
- C22C19/057
- C23C4/073
- C23C14/16
- C23C30/00
- Y10T428/12944
- IPC, 7
- C22C19 03
- C23C4 08
- C23C14 06
- C23C14 16
- C23C16 06
- C23C28 00
- C23C30 00
Designated states31
- Contracting states, 27
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Germany
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Portugal
- Romania
- Sweden
and 3 moreShow fewer
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Türkiye
- Extension states, 4
- Albania
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- North Macedonia