Method for rinsing a substrate surface

The invention relates to a method for rinsing a substrate surface. The method is particularly useful with high solids containing water. The rinse agent composition includes a sheeting agent and a sufficient amount of a humectant for controlling the appearance of water solids on articles including cookware, dishware, flatware, glasses, cups, motor vehicle exteriors, hard surfaces, glass surfaces, etc.

Mechanical warewashing machines have been common in the institutional and household environments for many years. Such automatic warewashing machines clean dishes using two or more cycles which can include initially a wash cycle followed by a rinse cycle. Such automatic warewashing machines can also utilize soak cycle, pre-wash cycle, scrape cycle, second wash cycle, rinse cycle, a sanitizing cycle, and drying cycle. Any of these cycles can be repeated, if desired, and additional cycles can be used. Rinse agents are conventionally used in warewashing applications to promote drying and to prevent the formation of spots. Even when both goals are accomplished, water solids filming is often evident. After a wash, rinse, and dry cycle, dishware, cups, glasses, etc., can exhibit filming that arises from the dissolved mineral salts common to all water supplies. Water solids filming is aesthetically unacceptable in most consumer and institutional environments.

Water solids filming on cookware, dishware and flatware is a particular problem in the presence of high solids containing water. In general, rinse waters containing in excess of 200 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) tends to leave a visible film on glass and flatware after they are dried. Above 400 ppm, the films become objectionable, and above 800 ppm, the films are particularly aesthetically unacceptable. The TDS content can be reduced by a demineralization process, such as reverse osmosis, which can be expensive.

In order to reduce the formation of spotting, rinse agents have commonly been added to water to form an aqueous rinse that is sprayed on the dishware after cleaning is complete. The precise mechanism through which rinse agents work is not established. One theory holds that the surfactant in the rinse agent is absorbed on the surface at temperatures at or above its cloud point, and thereby reduces the solid-liquid interfacial energy and contact angle. This leads to the formation of a continuous sheet which drains evenly from the surface and minimizes the formation of spots. Generally, high foaming surfactants have cloud points above the temperature of the rinse water, and, according to this theory, would not promote sheet formation, thereby resulting in spots. Moreover, high foaming materials are known to interfere with the operation of warewashing machines. Common rinse aid formulations used in warewashing machines are used in an amount of less than about 1,000 parts, commonly 10 to 200 parts per million of active materials in the aqueous rinse. Rinse agents available in the consumer and institutional markets include liquid or solid forms that are typically added to, dispersed or dissolved in water to form an aqueous rinse. Such dissolution can occur from a rinse agent installed onto the dish rack. The rinse agent can be diluted and dispensed from a dispenser mounted on or in the machine or from a separate dispenser that is mounted separately but cooperatively with the dish machine.

Many commercial rinse agents include polyalkylene oxide copolymers and ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers. In such materials, the ethylene oxide block tends to be hydrophilic while the propylene oxide blocks tend to be hydrophobic producing a separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the surfactant molecule. Surfactants can be formed by reacting an alcohol, a glycol, a carboxylic acid, an amine or a substituted phenol with various proportions and combinations of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to form both random and block copolymers.

Exemplary rinse agent compositions are described by <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US5589099A"><text>U.S. Patent Nos. 5,589,099 to Baum </text></patcit>; <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US5447648A"><text>5,447,648 to Steindorf </text></patcit>; <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US5739099A"><text>5,739,099 to Welch et al.</text></patcit> ; <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="US5712244A"><text>5,712,244 to Addison et al.</text></patcit> ; <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US5545352A"><text>5,545,352 to Pike</text></patcit>; <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="US5273677A"><text>5,273,677 to Arif </text></patcit>; and <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="US5516452A"><text>5,516,452 to Welch et al</text></patcit>.

<patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="US5602093A"><text>US 5,602,093</text></patcit> describes rinse aids for a dishwashing machine comprising an alkyl polyglycoside and an alkyl polyglycol ether and an organic carboxylic acid.

<patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="JP10017900A"><text>JP 10-17900 (1998</text></patcit>) describes a washing and drying enhancing agent containing a non-ionic surfactant, a polyhydric alcohol and a glycol ether. <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="WO94124256A1"><text>WO 94124256 A1</text></patcit> describes a low foaming rinse agent comprising EO/PO block copolymer and a defoamer.

A method for rinsing a substrate surface in the presence of high solids containing water according to claim 1 is provided according to the invention. The method includes a step of applying an aqueous rinse agent composition to a substrate surface. The rinse agent composition according to the invention is useful for reducing the appearance of water solids filming caused by rinse waters containing in excess of 200 ppm total dissolved solids. The method includes a step of cleaning the substrate surface prior to the step of rinsing.

The rinse agent composition includes a sheeting agent and a humectant. The sheeting agent is provided in an amount sufficient to improve the sheeting properties of the rinse agent composition. Sheeting properties refer to the ability of the rinse agent composition to form a continuous film or sheet on a substrate which promotes a continuous, even draining film of water and which leaves virtually no spots upon evaporation of the remaining water. In general, the presence of an unacceptable amount of spots on a substrate surface reflects the presence of an insufficient amount of sheeting agent according to the invention. The humectant is provided in an amount sufficient to reduce the visibility of a film on the substrate surface. The visibility of a film on substrate surface is a particular concern when the rinse water contains in excess of 200 ppm total dissolved solids. Accordingly, the humectant is provided in an amount sufficient to reduce the visibility of a film on a substrate surface when the rinse water contains in excess of 200 ppm total dissolved solids compared to a rinse agent composition not containing the humectant. The terms "water solids filming" or "filming" refer to the presence of a visible, continuous layer of matter on a substrate surface that gives the appearance that the substrate surface is not clean.

The rinse agent composition can additionally include defoamers, chelating agents, preservatives, stabilizers, processing aids, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, pH adjusting agents, bleaches, bleach activators, perfumes, and the like.

The rinse agent composition can be referred to more simply as the rinse agent. The rinse agent can be provided as a concentrate or as a use solution. In addition, the rinse agent concentrate can be provided in a solid form or in a liquid form. In general, it is expected that the concentrate will be diluted with water to provide the use solution that is then supplied to the surface of a substrate. The use solution preferably contains an effective amount of active material to provide reduced water solids filming in high solids containing water. It should be appreciated that the term "active materials" refers to the nonaqueous portion of the use solution that functions to reduce spotting and water solids filming. More preferably the use solution contains less than 1,000 ppm and even more preferably between 10 ppm and 500 ppm of active materials.

It is believed that the rinse agent composition can be used in a high solids containing water environment in order to reduce the appearance of a visible film caused by the level of dissolved solids provided in the water. In general, high solids containing water is considered to be water having a total dissolved solids (TDS) content in excess of 200 ppm. In certain localities, the service water contains a total dissolved solids content in excess of 400 ppm, and even in excess of 800 ppm. The applications where the presence of a visible film after washing a substrate is a particular problem includes the restaurant or warewashing industry, the car wash industry, and the general cleaning of hard surfaces. Exemplary articles in the warewashing industry that can be treated with a rinse agent according to the invention include dishware, cups, glasses, flatware, and cookware. For the purposes of this invention, the terms "dish" and "ware" are used in the broadest sense to refer to various types of articles used in the preparation, serving, consumption, and disposal of food stuffs including pots, pans, trays, pitchers, bowls, plates, saucers, cups, glasses, forks, knives, spoons, spatulas, and other glass, metal, ceramic, plastic composite articles commonly available in the institutional or household kitchen or dining room. In general, these types of articles can be referred to as food or beverage contacting articles because they have surfaces which are provided for contacting food and/or beverage. In the car wash industry, filming on the surface of a washed motor vehicle is undesirable. Accordingly, the rinse agent is particularly useful for the glass and painted surfaces of a motor vehicle. Accordingly, the rinse agent composition can be used to reduce the occurrence of visible filming caused by high solids containing water. Exemplary hard surfaces include glass, vehicle exteriors, ware, counter tops, light fixtures, windows, mirrors, plastics, clear coats, painted surfaces including painted metal and painted wood, and treated surfaces including treated metal and treated wood.

When used in warewashing applications, the rinse agent should provide effective sheeting action and low foaming properties. In car washing applications, it is desirable for the rinse to provide effective sheeting action. Rinse agents used for rinsing motor vehicles can tolerate a higher level of foaming than rinse agents used in warewashing machines.

The sheeting agent component of the rinse agent can be a nonionic block copolymers, alkyl polyglycosides, zwitterionics, anionics which provides a desired level of sheeting action and which, when combined with the humectant, provides a rinse agent composition that controls the appearance of water solids on the surface of rinsed articles in the presence of high solids containing water.

Exemplary nonionic block copolymer surfactants include polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers. Exemplary polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers that can be used have the formulae:         (EO)<i>_x</i>(PO)<i>_y</i>(EO)<i>_x</i>         (PO)<i>_y</i>(EO)<i>_x</i>(PO)<i>_y</i>         (PO)<i>_y</i>(EO)<i>_x</i>(PO)<i>_y</i>(EO)<i>_x</i>(PO)<i>_y</i> wherein EO represents an ethylene oxide group, PO represents a propylene oxide group, and x and y reflect the average molecular proportion of each alkylene oxide monomer in the overall block copolymer composition. Preferably, x is from about 10 to about 130, y is about 15 to about 70, and x plus y is about 25 to about 200. It should be understood that each x and y in a molecule can be different. The total polyoxyethylene component of the block copolymer is preferably at least about 20 mol-% of the block copolymer and more preferably at least about 30 mol-% of the block copolymer. The material preferably has a molecular weight greater than about 1,500 and more preferably greater than about 2,000. Although the exemplary polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer structures provided above have 3 blocks and 5 blocks, it should be appreciated that the nonionic block copolymer surfactants according to the invention can include more or less than 3 and 5 blocks. In addition, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants can include additional repeating units such as butylene oxide repeating units. Furthermore, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants that can be used according to the invention can be characterized heteric polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers.

A desirable characteristic of the nonionic block copolymers used in the rinse agent is the cloud point of the material. The cloud point of nonionic surfactant of this class is defined as the temperature at which a 1 wt-% aqueous solution of the surfactant turns cloudy when it is heated.

BASF, a major producer of nonionic block copolymers in the United States recommends that rinse agents be formulated from nonionic EO-PO sheeting agents having both a low molecular weight (less than about 5,000) and having a cloud point of a 1 wt-% aqueous solution less than the typical temperature of the aqueous rinse. It is believed that one skilled in the art would understand that a nonionic surfactant with a high cloud point or high molecular weight would either produce unacceptable foaming levels or fail to provide adequate sheeting capacity in a rinse aid composition.

There are two general types of rinse cycles in commercial warewashing machines. A first type of rinse cycle can be referred to as a hot water sanitizing rinse cycle because of the use of generally hot rinse water (about 82,2°C (180° F)). A second type of rinse cycle can be referred to as a chemical sanitizing rinse cycle and it uses generally lower temperature rinse water (about 48,8°C (120° F)). A surfactant useful in these two conditions is an aqueous rinse having a cloud point less than the rinse water. Accordingly, the highest useful cloud point, measured using a 1 wt-% aqueous solution, for the nonionics of the invention point is approximately 80° C. The cloud point can be 50° C, 60° C, 70° C, or 80° C, depending on the use locus water temperature.

The alkyl polyglycoside surfactants which can be used as sheeting agents according to the invention preferably have the formula:         (G)_x-O-R wherein G is a moiety derived from reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g., pentose or hexose, R is a fatty aliphatic group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and x is the degree of polymerization (DP) of the polyglycoside representing the number of monosaccharide repeating units in the polyglycoside. Preferably, x is about 0.5 to about 10. Preferably, R contains 10-16 carbon atoms and x is 0.5 to 3.

The zwitterionic surfactants which can be used as sheeting agents that can be used according to the invention include β-N-alkylaminopropionates, N-alkyl-β-iminodipropionates, imidazoline carboxylates, N-alkylbetaines, sulfobetaines, sultaines, amine oxides and polybetaine polysiloxanes. Preferred polybetaine polysiloxanes have the formula: <chemistry id="chem0001" num="0001"><img file="EP1294836B2_D0001.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R is <chemistry id="chem0002" num="0002"><img file="EP1294836B2_D0002.tif" /></chemistry> n is 1 to 100 and m is 0 to 100, preferably 1 to 100. Preferred polybetaine polysiloxanes are available under the name ABIL® from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp. Preferred amine oxides that can be used include alkyl dimethyl amine oxides containing alkyl groups containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms. A preferred amine oxide is lauryl dimethylamine oxide.

The anionic surfactants that can be used as sheeting agents according to the invention include carboxylic acid salts, sulfonic acid salts, sulfuric acid ester salts, phosphoric and polyphosphoric acid esters, perfluorinated anionics, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary carboxylic acid salts include sodium and potassium salts of straight chain fatty acids, sodium and potassium salts of coconut oil fatty acids, sodium and potassium salts of tall oil acids, amine salts, sarcosides, and acylated polypeptides. Exemplary sulfonic acid salts include linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, C13-C15alkylbenzenesulfonates, benzene cumenesulfonates, toluene cumenesulfonates, xylene cumenesulfonates, ligninsulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, N-acyl-n-alkyltaurates, paraffin sulfonates, secondary n-alkanesulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, sulfosuccinate esters, alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, and isethionates. Exemplary sulphuric acid ester salts include sulfated linear primary alcohols, sulfated polyoxyethylenated straight-chain alcohols, and sulfated triglyceride oils.

A humectant is a substance having an affinity for water. As humectant propylene glycol is used according to the invention.

The rinse agent includes a weight ratio of humectant to sheeting agent of greater than 1:3 and preferably between about 5:1 and about 1:3. More preferably, the weight ratio of humectant to sheeting agent is between about 4:1 and 1:2, and more preferably 3:1 to 1:1.

The rinse agent composition can include complexing or chelating agents that aid in reducing the harmful effects of hardness components in service water. Typically, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, or other polyvalent metal cations, present in service water, can interfere with the action of either washing compositions or rinsing compositions. A chelating agent can be provided for complexing with the metal cation and preventing the complexed metal cation from interfering with the action of an active component of the rinse agent. Both organic and inorganic chelating agents are common. Inorganic chelating agents include such compounds as sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate. Organic chelating agents include both polymeric and small molecule chelating agents. Polymeric chelating agents commonly comprise ionomer compositions such as polyacrylic acids compounds. Small molecule organic chelating agents include salts of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) and hydroxyethylenediaminetetracetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetrapropionates, triethylenetetraminehexacetates, and the respective alkali metal ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof. Phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the composition and include ethylenediamine tetra(methylenephosphonate), nitrilotrismethylenephosphonate, diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene phosphonate), hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate, and 2-phosphonobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid. Preferred chelating agents include the phosphonates. These phosphonates commonly contain alkyl or alkylene groups with less than 8 carbon atoms.

Optional ingredients which can be included in the rinse agents in conventional levels for use include solvents, hydrotropes, processing aids, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, pH adjusting agents (monoethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, et cetera), bleaches, bleach activators, perfumes and the like.

The rinse agent can be provided as a solid or as a liquid. When the rinse agent is provided as a liquid, it is expected that the composition will have a liquid base component that functions as a carrier and cooperates with aqueous diluents to form an aqueous rinse agent. Exemplary liquid bases include water and solvents compatible with water to obtain compatible mixtures.

The rinse agent can be formulated using conventional formulating equipment and techniques. The liquid rinse agent can include the amounts of components identified in Table 1.

Liquid rinse agents can be manufactured in commonly available mixing equipment by charging to a mixing chamber the liquid diluent or a substantial proportion of a liquid diluent. Into a liquid diluent is added preservatives or other stabilizers. Care must be taken in agitating the rinse agent as the formulation is completed to avoid degradation of polymer molecular weight or exposure of the composition to elevated temperatures. The materials are typically agitated until uniform and then packaged in commonly available packaging and sent to distribution center before shipment to the consumer. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="topbot"><title>Table 1</title><tgroup cols="4" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">Liquid Rinse Agent Proportions</entry></row><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Useful</entry><entry valign="top">Preferred</entry><entry valign="top">Most Preferred</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Sheeting Agent</entry><entry>0.1-50</entry><entry>5-40</entry><entry>10-30</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Humectant</entry><entry>5-75</entry><entry>7-60</entry><entry>10-50</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Preservative</entry><entry>0-1</entry><entry>0.01-0.5</entry><entry>0.025-0.2</entry></row><row><entry>Diluent</entry><entry>Balance</entry><entry>Balance</entry><entry>Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

The liquid materials can be adapted to a cast solid format by incorporating into the composition a casting agent. Typically organic and inorganic solidifying materials can be used to render the composition solid. Preferably organic materials are used because inorganic compositions tend to promote filming in a rinse cycle. The most preferred casting agents are polyethylene glycol and an inclusion complex comprising urea and a nonionic polyethylene or polypropylene oxide polymer. Polyethylene glycols (PEG) are used in melt type solidification processing by uniformly blending the sheeting agent and other components with PEG at a temperature above the melting point of the PEG and cooling uniform mixture. An inclusion complex solidifying scheme is set forth in Morganson et al., <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="US4647258A"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,258</text></patcit>.

The solid compositions are set forth in Table 2 as follows: <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="topbot"><title>Table 2</title><tgroup cols="4" colsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">Solid Rinse Agent Proportions (wt-%)</entry></row><row><entry valign="top" /><entry valign="top">Useful</entry><entry valign="top">Preferred</entry><entry valign="top">Most Preferred</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Sheeting Agent</entry><entry>0.1-90</entry><entry>5-85</entry><entry>10-80</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Humectant</entry><entry>5-75</entry><entry>7-60</entry><entry>10-50</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Preservative</entry><entry>0.001-1</entry><entry>0.01-0.5</entry><entry>0.025-0.2</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Solidifying System</entry><entry>0-40</entry><entry>0.1-35</entry><entry>0.5-35</entry></row><row><entry>Diluent</entry><entry>Balance</entry><entry>Balance</entry><entry>Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Liquid rinse agents are typically dispensed by incorporating compatible packaging containing the liquid material into a dispenser adapted to diluting the liquid with water to a final use concentration wherein the active materials (sheeting agent and humectant) is present in the aqueous rinse at a concentration of 10 to 500 parts per million parts of the aqueous rinse. More preferably the material is present in the aqueous rinse at a concentration of about 10 to 300 parts per million parts of the aqueous rinse, and most preferably the material is present at a concentration of about 10 to 200 parts per million parts of the aqueous rinse. Examples of dispensers for the liquid rinse agent of the invention are DRYMASTER-P sold by Ecolab Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Cast solid products may be conveniently dispensed by inserting a cast solid material in a container or with no enclosure into a spray-type dispenser such as the volume SOL-ET controlled ECOTEMP Rinse Injection Cylinder system manufactured by Ecolab Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Such a dispenser cooperates with a warewashing machine in the rinse cycle. When demanded by the machine, the dispenser directs a spray of water onto the cast solid block of rinse agent which effectively dissolves a portion of the block creating a concentrated aqueous rinse solution which is then fed directly into the rinse water forming the aqueous rinse. The aqueous rinse is then contacted with the dishes to affect a complete rinse. This dispenser and other similar dispensers are capable of controlling the effective concentration of the active portion in the aqueous rinse by measuring the volume of material dispensed, the actual concentration of the material in the rinse water (an electrolyte measured with an electrode) or by measuring the time of the spray on the cast block. In general, the concentration of active portion in the aqueous rinse is preferably the same as identified above for liquid rinse agents. the invention and contains the best mode. The following examples and data show the effectiveness of the invention in promoting adequate rinsing.

Example 1

High solids containing water was provided containing 600 ppm total dissolved solids. The water included 300 ppm TDS softened water with an additional 300 ppm added sodium chloride. The temperature of the water was provided at 76,6°C (170° F) and a rinse agent concentration of 0.5 ml of the composition described in Table 3 per 1.2 gallons water was provided. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the rinse agent compositions, 8 ounce clean libby tumblers were dipped in the water solution for 45 seconds. The tumblers were removed and placed inverted on a dish machine flat rack, and allowed to drain and dry at room temperatures. The tumblers were graded after standing overnight. The tumblers were graded for film on a 1 to 5 scale, with one being completely clean and 5 being filmed to a degree as achieved with a conventional rinse agent. The grading was completed in a laboratory "light box" with light directed both at the glass from above and below. The grading scale is provided as follows: <tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="29mm" /><tbody><row><entry colsep="0" rowsep="0">1</entry><entry rowsep="0">No visible film</entry></row><row><entry colsep="0" rowsep="0">2</entry><entry rowsep="0">Barely visible film</entry></row><row><entry colsep="0" rowsep="0">3</entry><entry rowsep="0">Moderate film</entry></row><row><entry colsep="0" rowsep="0">4</entry><entry rowsep="0">Heavy film</entry></row><row><entry colsep="0">5</entry><entry>Severe film</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Compositions 1-7 were tested as rinse agent use solutions. The components of each composition and the results of the example are reported in Table 3. <tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><title>Table 3</title><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="76mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Component</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>1^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>2</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>3</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>4^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>5^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>6</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>7</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">Citric Acid 100%</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Propylene Glycol</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">20.0</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Glycerine 96%</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">10.0</entry><entry align="center">25. 0</entry><entry align="center">15. 0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Bayhibit AM*</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry></row><row><entry align="center">EO PO Block Polymer 39% EO</entry><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">25. 0</entry><entry align="center">25. 0</entry><entry align="center">25.0</entry><entry align="center">25.0</entry></row><row><entry align="center">EO PO Block Polymer 32% EO</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry><entry align="center">9.0</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Water and Inerts to 100%</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry align="center">Results using Soft Water w/NaCl @ (170°F), 76,6°C</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">2.5</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">2.5</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="left">^x comparative example</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="left">*Bayhibit AM is a 50% solution of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Results show that compositions 2-7 perform substantially better at reducing water solids filming than composition 1 which does not include humectant.

Example 2

A further test was conducted using 226,7 g (8-ounce) Libby tumblers dipped into softened water and softened water with an additional 300-ppm added sodium chloride. The procedure for this test is the same as reported in example 1. Rinse agent compositions 8-11 and the test results are reported in Table 4. <tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><title>Table 4</title><tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="73mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Component</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>8^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>9^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>10</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>11</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Hexylene Glycol</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Propylene Glycol</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry></row><row><entry>Sorbitol 70%</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Bayhibit AM</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry></row><row><entry>EO PO Block Polymer 39% EO</entry><entry align="center">10.1</entry><entry align="center">10.1</entry><entry align="center">10.1</entry><entry align="center">10.1</entry></row><row><entry>EO PO Block Polymer 32% EO</entry><entry align="center">3.6</entry><entry align="center">3.6</entry><entry align="center">3.6</entry><entry align="center">3.6</entry></row><row><entry>Water and Inerts to 100%</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>results using soft Water @ (170°F) 76,6°C</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">2.5</entry><entry align="center">2.5</entry></row><row><entry>results using soft Water w/NaCl @ (170°F) 76,6°C</entry><entry align="center">5.0</entry><entry align="center">4.0</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="left">^x comparative example</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

The results demonstrate that compositions 10 and 11, with propylene glycol, perform better at reducing water solids filming than the compositions with either Sorbitol or hexylene glycol.

Example 3

Another test was completed in which the 226,7 g (8-ounce) Libby tumblers were dipped into softened water and softened water with an additional 300 ppm added-sodium chloride. The procedure for this test is the same as reported in example 1, with the exception of additional tests for some formulations at ambient temperature to simulate non-autodish applications such as vehicle wash and parts washing. The tested compositions and test results are provided in Table 5. <tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><title>Table 5</title><tgroup cols="10"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="67mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="10mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="12mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>Component</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>12^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>13^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>14</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>15</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>16^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>17^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>18</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>20^x</b></entry><entry align="center" valign="top"><b>21</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Propylene Glycol</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry></row><row><entry>Dehypon LS-54</entry><entry align="center">13.72</entry><entry align="center">13,72</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>AG6202</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">13.72</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">13.72</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">--</entry></row><row><entry>LAS Acid</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">10,6</entry><entry align="center">10.6</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>KOH, 45%</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">3.12</entry><entry align="center">3.12</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Miranol FBS</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">--</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">13.72</entry><entry align="center">13.72</entry></row><row><entry>Glucopon 225</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">--</entry><entry align="center">13.7 2</entry><entry align="center">30.0</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry></row><row><entry>Bayhibit AM</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry><entry align="center">7.2</entry></row><row><entry>Water and Inerts to 100%</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>results for soft water @ 170°F</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">1.5</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">1.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry></row><row><entry>results for soft water w/NaCl @ 170°F</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">2.5</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">2.0</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">3.5</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry></row><row><entry>results for soft water with NaCl @ Ambient temp</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">---</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry><entry align="center">3.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col10" align="left">^x comparative example</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Results show that this invention is not limited to the use of EO PO block polymers with a humectant. Other types of surfactants, such as alkyl polyglycosides (such as AG 6202 and Glucopon 225), zwitterionics (such as Miranol FBS), and anionics (such as LAS), together with a humectant, can produce the desired results.

Results also show that some surfactants that are highly hydratable, such as, alkyl polyglycosides and polybetaine polysiloxanes, can act as humectants.

Results also show that this invention can be practiced at temperatures other than the elevated temperatures used in warewashing applications. Compositions 17-22 were tested at ambient temperature and provide excellent results. Other applications include, but are not limited to, vehicle wash and parts washing.

Example 7

This example illustrates the humectancy of propylene glycol and a mixture containing 50 wt.% propylene glycol and 50 wt.% water. The humectancy test was conducted in a humidity chamber set at 50% relative humidity and a temperature of 26.7° C. The results of each test is reported below.

Propylene Glycol

<tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="42mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="29mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Date</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Initial Weight</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Weight of Product</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Total Weight Loss</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Weight Loss</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Beaker</entry><entry align="center">126.33</entry><entry align="center">23.54</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/08/00</entry><entry align="center">149.87</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/09/01</entry><entry align="center">158.83</entry><entry align="center">32.50</entry><entry align="center">-8.9600</entry><entry align="center">-38.-6287</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/11/00</entry><entry align="center">159.49</entry><entry align="center">33.16</entry><entry align="center">-9.6200</entry><entry align="center">-40.86661</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/14/00</entry><entry align="center">158.77</entry><entry align="center">32.44</entry><entry align="center">-8.9000</entry><entry align="center">-37.80799</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/18/00</entry><entry align="center">157.30</entry><entry align="center">30.97</entry><entry align="center">-7.4300</entry><entry align="center">-31.56330</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/21/00</entry><entry align="center">154.27</entry><entry align="center">27.94</entry><entry align="center">-4.4000</entry><entry align="center">-18.69159</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/03/00</entry><entry align="center">149.13</entry><entry align="center">22.80</entry><entry align="center">0.7400</entry><entry align="center">3.14359</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/08/00</entry><entry align="center">146.61</entry><entry align="center">20.28</entry><entry align="center">3.2600</entry><entry align="center">13.84877</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/09/00</entry><entry align="center">145.80</entry><entry align="center">19.47</entry><entry align="center">4.0700</entry><entry align="center">17.28972</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/13/00</entry><entry align="center">143.94</entry><entry align="center">17.61</entry><entry align="center">5.9300</entry><entry align="center">12.52308</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/14/00</entry><entry align="center">143.64</entry><entry align="center">17.31</entry><entry align="center">6.2300</entry><entry align="center">12.27382</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/15/00</entry><entry align="center">142.36</entry><entry align="center">16.03</entry><entry align="center">7.5100</entry><entry align="center">12.54624</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/22/00</entry><entry align="center">139.23</entry><entry align="center">12.90</entry><entry align="center">10.6400</entry><entry align="center">13.14175</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

50% Propylene Glycol 50% Water

<tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="42mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="29mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Date</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Initial Weight</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Weight of Product</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Total Weight Loss</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">% Weight Loss</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Beaker</entry><entry align="center">124.11</entry><entry align="center">24.43</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/08/00</entry><entry align="center">148.54</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/09/01</entry><entry align="center">143.29</entry><entry align="center">19.16</entry><entry align="center">5.2500</entry><entry align="center">21.48997</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/11/00</entry><entry align="center">140.91</entry><entry align="center">16.80</entry><entry align="center">7.6300</entry><entry align="center">31.23209</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/14/00</entry><entry align="center">139.35</entry><entry align="center">15.24</entry><entry align="center">9.1900</entry><entry align="center">37.61768</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/18/00</entry><entry align="center">137.40</entry><entry align="center">13.29</entry><entry align="center">11.1400</entry><entry align="center">45.59967</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 02/21/00</entry><entry align="center">135.60</entry><entry align="center">11.49</entry><entry align="center">12.9400</entry><entry align="center">52.96766</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/03/00</entry><entry align="center">131.06</entry><entry align="center">6.95</entry><entry align="center">17.4800</entry><entry align="center">71.55137</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/08/00</entry><entry align="center">128.9</entry><entry align="center">4.79</entry><entry align="center">19.6400</entry><entry align="center">80.39296</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/09/00</entry><entry align="center">128.41</entry><entry align="center">4.30</entry><entry align="center">20.1300</entry><entry align="center">82.39869</entry></row><row><entry>Beaker + Product 03/13/00</entry><entry align="center">127.15</entry><entry align="center">3.04</entry><entry align="center">21.3900</entry><entry align="center">87.55628</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Beaker + Product 03/14/00</entry><entry align="center">126.68</entry><entry align="center">2.77</entry><entry align="center">21.6600</entry><entry align="center">88.66148</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Beaker + Product 03/15/00</entry><entry align="center">126.49</entry><entry align="center">2.38</entry><entry align="center">22.0500</entry><entry align="center">90.25788</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Beaker + Product 03/22/00</entry><entry align="center">124.72</entry><entry align="center">0.61</entry><entry align="center">23.8200</entry><entry align="center">97.50307</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>