Water soluble polymers and their use in cosmetic and pharmaceutic products

The present invention relates to water-soluble polymers produced by copolymerization of macromonomers and their use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.

In recent years, water-soluble polymers have become increasingly important in industry and science. In terms of quantity, polyelectrolytes make up a very large part of the total annual production of water-soluble polymers. They are used as flocculants in paper processing, the detergent industry, textile processing, as protective colloids or in their cross-linked variants as thickeners, to name just a few areas of application.

Thickeners, especially the "superabsorbents" based on polyacrylic acid, have been an integral part of the hygiene sector since their development in the 1970s. Newer thickeners, such as the crosslinked polyacrylamidopropylene methyl sulfonic acid (or its salts), are notable for their markedly improved pH stability and better processability.

In order to simplify cosmetic preparations, in recent years there has been an increasing search for raw materials that combine several properties in one formulation component. Pure<img file="EP1069142A1_D0001.tif" />Thickeners "are being replaced by new substances which, for example, still have emulsifier properties in their property profile and thus make it unnecessary to add separate emulsifiers in formulations. The synthesis of the polymers described below offers the ideal instrument for this Poly-AMPS) with non-polar parts of the molecule offers the possibility of varying the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of a polymer, as has only been observed in a few cases in synthetic polymer chemistry.

The temperature behavior of the polymers is an important property. Generally, polymers show high viscosity at low temperatures and low viscosity at high temperatures. Often, however, polymers are desired that have a thickening effect above certain temperatures, but remain pumpable and processable in solution at low temperatures.

EP-A-0 583 814 and EP-A-0 629 649 disclose polymers based on acrylic acid as the main chain and polyethylene and / or polypropylene glycols as side chains. These polymers show a thickening with increasing temperatures.

All attempts to produce such polymers on an industrial scale have so far been unsuccessful. In addition, the use of main chain polymers containing acrylic acid was necessary for the realization of the concept of thermo-thickening polymer solutions in water. One of the most serious problems with this class of polymer is precipitation due to instabilities to divalent ions.

In the present invention, a new class of polymers and a process for their preparation are now described. This process based on radical copolymerization, in particular precipitation polymerization, makes it possible to produce a large number of new polymers with different thermal solution behavior on an industrial scale without great preparative effort.

Surprisingly, it has been found that polymers which meet the requirements mentioned can also be prepared by means of macromonomer synthesis. The consequence of this is that the specification of acrylic acid as one of the main chain monomers required according to the prior art is omitted.

The invention relates to water-soluble polymers which can be prepared by free-radical copolymerization of<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li>A) one or more macromonomers containing an end group capable of polymerization, a hydrophilic part based on polyalkylene oxides and a hydrophobic part containing hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic (C₁ -C₃₀) Hydrocarbon residue, and</li><li>B) one or more olefinically unsaturated comonomers which contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine and / or fluorine.</li></ul>

The macromonomers A) are preferably those of the formula (1)         R¹-Y- (R²-O)_x-R³     (1) where R¹ a vinyl, allyl, acrylic or methacrylic residue; R² (C.₂-C₄) Alkylene; x is an integer between 1 and 500; Y = O, S, PH or NH; and R³ Hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic (C₁-C₃₀) Mean hydrocarbon residue.

R¹ particularly preferably represents an acrylic or methacrylic radical. R² particularly preferably represents an ethylene or propylene radical. x particularly preferably stands for a number between 3 and 50, particularly preferably for a number between 7 and 30. With R³ it is preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, which can be saturated or unsaturated. R³ particularly preferably stands for a (C₆-C₂₂) Hydrocarbon residue, particularly preferred for a (C₁₂-C₁₈) Hydrocarbon residue.

The macromonomers are generally prepared by the reaction of reactive derivatives of (meth) acrylic acid with compounds containing hydroxyl groups, in particular alkoxylated alkyl radicals. Ring-opening addition to (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl ester is also possible.

Suitable olefinically unsaturated comonomers B) are preferably olefinically unsaturated acids and their salts with mono- and divalent counterions, particularly preferably styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidopropylmethylene sulfonic acid (AMPS), vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid or Maleic anhydride and its salts; Esters of acrylic and (meth) acrylic acid with aliphatic, aromatic or cyclo-aliphatic alcohols with a carbon number of 1 to 22; Esters of acrylic and (meth) acrylic acid with alkyl ethoxylates, open-chain and cyclic N-vinyl amides (N-vinyl lactams) with a ring size of 4 to 9 atoms, particularly preferably N-vinyl formamide (NVF), N-vinyl methyl formamide, N-vinyl methylacetamide (VIMA), N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and N-vinyl caprolactam; Amides of acrylic and methacrylic acid, particularly preferably acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide, alkoxylated acrylic and methacrylamides, such as, for example MAPTAC and APTAC; 2-vinyl pyridine; 4-vinyl pyridine; Vinyl acetate; Glycidyl methacrylate; Acrylonitrile; Vinyl chloride; Vinylidene chloride; Tetrafluoroethylene and / or DADMAC.

Suitable counterions for the salts of the olefinically unsaturated acids are preferably lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ammonium, monoalkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium or tetraalkylammonium, the alkyl substituents of the ammonium ions being independent of one another (C₁-C₂₂) -Alkylreste, which can be occupied by 0 to 3 hydroxyalkyl groups, the alkyl chain length in a range of C₂ to C₁₀ can vary. One to three times ethoxylated ammonium compounds with different degrees of ethoxylation are also suitable. Sodium and ammonium are particularly preferred as counterions. The degree of neutralization of the olefinically unsaturated acids is preferably between 70 and 100 mol%.

Water-soluble polymers which can be prepared by free-radical copolymerization of are particularly preferred<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A) one or more macromonomers selected from the group of the esters of (meth) acrylic acid with alkyl ethoxylates, the 5 to 80 EO units and (C₁₀-C₂₂) Alkyl residues, and</li><li>B) one or more olefinically unsaturated comonomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamidopropylmethylene sulfonic acid (AMPS), sodium and ammonium salts of acrylamidopropylmethylene sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylmethylacetamide and / or sodium methallylsulfonate.</li></ul>

Particularly suitable macromonomers A) are esters of (meth) acrylic acid<ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(C.₁₀-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 8 EO units (Genapol® C-080)</li><li>C.₁₁-Oxoalcohol polyglycol ether with 8 EO units (Genapol® UD-080)</li><li>(C.₁₂-C₁₄) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 7 EO units (Genapol® LA-070)</li><li>(C.₁₂-C₁₄) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 11 EO units (Genapol® LA-110)</li><li>(C.₁₆-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 8 EO units (Genapol® T-080)</li><li>(C.₁₆-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 15 EO units (Genapol® T-150)</li><li>(C.₁₆-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 11 EO units (Genapol® T-110)</li><li>(C.₁₆-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 20 EO units (Genapol® T-200)</li><li>(C.₁₆-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 25 EO units (Genapol® T-250)</li><li>(C.₁₈-C₂₂) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 25 EO units</li><li>and / or iso- (C₁₆-C₁₈) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 25 EO units</li><li>and the olefinically unsaturated comonomers B) are in particular the sodium and ammonium salts of acrylamidopropylmethylene sulfonic acid (AMPS). The Genapol® types are products from Clariant.</li></ul>

The molar proportions of the macromonomers A) and the comonomers B) in the polymer can vary between 0.1 and 99.9 mol%. In a preferred embodiment (highly hydrophobically modified polymers), the proportion of macromonomers A) is 50.1 to 99.9 mol%, preferably 70 to 95 mol%, particularly preferably 80 to 90 mol%. In a further preferred embodiment (low hydrophobically modified polymers), the proportion of macromonomers A) is 0.1 to 50 mol%, preferably 5 to 25 mol%, particularly preferably 10 to 20 mol%.

The monomer distribution of the macromonomers A) and comonomers B) in the polymers can be, for example, alternating, block-like (also multiblock) or statistical (also gradient). The polymers generally have a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 20,000,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 5,000,000, particularly preferably 100,000 to 1,500,000 g / mol.

In a preferred embodiment, the polymers according to the invention are crosslinked, ie they contain at least one crosslinker with at least two double bonds which is polymerized into the polymer. Suitable crosslinkers are, in particular, methylenebisacryl and methacrylamide, esters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids with polyols, for example diacrylates or triacrylates, for example butanediol and ethylene glycol diacrylate methacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, allyl compounds such as, for example, allyl (meth) acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, maleic acid diallyl ester, polyallyl ester, tetraallyloxyethane, triallylamine, tetraallyl ethylenediamine, allyl ester of phosphoric acid and / or vinylphosphonic acid derivatives.

A preferred embodiment of the invention are those polymers which consist of a water-soluble polymer skeleton and macromonomers A) with heat-sensitive side chains which have an LCST behavior in water, and whose aqueous solution has a viscosity which rises above a certain threshold temperature with increasing temperature increases or remains approximately constant.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention are those polymers whose aqueous solution has a viscosity which is low below a first threshold temperature, rises to a maximum above this first threshold temperature and rises again as the temperature rises above a second threshold temperature. It is preferred that the viscosity of the polymer solutions below the first threshold temperature is 5 to 50%, in particular 10 to 30%, of the maximum viscosity at the second threshold temperature.

Also a preferred embodiment of the invention are those polymers whose aqueous solutions have a high viscosity and no thermoassociative behavior even at room temperature. The viscosities of the 1% strength aqueous solutions are preferably 20,000 mPas to 100,000 mPas, in particular 60,000 mPas to 70,000 mPas. Such polymers show a high thickening performance, good emulsifying properties and good dispersion properties in aqueous, aqueous-alcoholic and aqueous-surfactant solution or in emulsions even at room temperature. Preparations containing such polymers also show good transparency and high electrolyte stability.

The polymers according to the invention are produced by radical copolymerization, such as, for example, precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization or suspension polymerization. Precipitation polymerization is particularly suitable, particularly preferably precipitation polymerization in tert-butanol.

With the aid of precipitation polymerization in tert-butanol, a particle size distribution of the polymers which is particularly favorable for the use of the polymers can be achieved. The size distribution of the polymer particles can be determined, for example, by laser diffraction or sieve analysis. The following grain size distribution, as determined by sieve analysis for an AMPS copolymer, is representative of a favorable size distribution: 60.2% less than 423 micrometers, 52.0% less than 212 micrometers, 26.6% less than 106 micrometers, 2.6% smaller than 45 micrometers and 26.6% larger than 850 micrometers.

The polymerization reaction can be carried out in the temperature range between 0 and 150.degree. C., preferably between 10 and 100.degree. C., both under normal pressure and under elevated or reduced pressure. As usual, the polymerization can also be carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under nitrogen.

High-energy electromagnetic radiation or the usual chemical polymerization initiators can be used to initiate the polymerization, for example organic peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, azo compounds, such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, as well as inorganic₄)₂S₂O₈, K₂S₂O₈ or H₂O₂, optionally in combination with reducing agents, such as sodium bisulfite and iron (II) sulfate, or redox systems which have an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid as reducing component, such as benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or derivatives of these acids, such as Mannich adducts of sulfinic acid, aldehydes and amino compounds , contain.

The polymers according to the invention are suitable as thickeners and dispersants for aqueous preparations, aqueous-alcoholic and aqueous-surfactant preparations and as emulsifiers, suspending agents with a thickening effect and consistency adjuster for emulsions and suspensions. Mixtures of the polymers can also be used. The polymers are particularly suitable for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions. It is important that the polymers can be used without the use of an additional co-emulsifier and / or without the use of an additional consistency agent. The use of co-emulsifiers and consistency enhancers is therefore not mandatory, but possible.

The invention thus also relates to aqueous preparations, aqueous-alcoholic preparations, aqueous-surfactant preparations, emulsions and suspensions containing the polymers according to the invention. The preparations, emulsions and suspensions are preferably cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents, such as shampoos, shower baths, shower gels, foam baths, gels, lotions, creams and ointments.

The preparations, emulsions and suspensions according to the invention contain, based on the finished formulation, preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, on polymers according to the invention.

The polymers according to the invention can be used as thickeners for agents on an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic basis, for example hair gels. Furthermore, the polymers according to the invention are suitable as thickeners, dispersants and consistency agents for aqueous surfactant preparations, for example shampoos, shower baths, shower gels, foam baths and the like. The thickening effect of the polymers according to the invention in aqueous surfactants is enhanced by an association of the polymer side chains and the surfactants and can be controlled by the choice of the side chains of the polymers and by the choice of the surfactants. The suspending or The dispersing and stabilizing effect of the polymers according to the invention in aqueous surfactants is caused by the association of the polymer side chains and the liquid components insoluble in aqueous surfactants, for example silicone oils, or the insoluble components, for example zinc pyrethione.

As further auxiliaries and additives, the agents according to the invention can contain all customary anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants, as well as other additives commonly used in cosmetics, such as, for example Superfatting agents, stabilizers, biogenic agents, glycerin, preservatives, pearlescent agents, colors and fragrances, solvents, opacifiers, other thickeners and dispersants, also protein derivatives such as gelatin, collagen hydrolyzates, polypeptides on a natural and synthetic basis, egg yolk, lecithin, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, fatty alcohol , Silicones, deodorants, substances with keratolytic and keratoplastic effects, Contain enzymes and carrier substances. In addition, agents having an antimicrobial action can be added to the agents according to the invention

The total amount of the surfactants used in the agents according to the invention can, based on the finished agent, be between 5 and 70% by weight, preferably between 10 and 40% by weight, particularly preferably between 12 and 35% by weight. The following may be mentioned as anionic detergent substances: (C₁₀-C₂₀) -Alkyl and alkylene carboxylates, alkyl ether carboxylates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, alkylamide sulfates and sulfonates, Fettsäurealkylamidpolyglykolethersulfate, alkanesulfonates, and hydroxyalkanesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, acyl esters of isethionates, α-sulfo fatty acid esters, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylphenol glycol ether sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinic monoesters and diesters, fatty alcohol ether phosphates, protein-fatty acid -Condensation products, Alkyl monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl glyceride ether sulfonates, fatty acid methyl taurides, fatty acid sarcosinates, sulforicinoleates, acyl glutamates. These compounds and their mixtures are used in the form of their water-soluble or water-dispersible salts, for example the sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, mono-, di- and triethanolammonium and analogous alkylammonium salts.

The proportion by weight of the anionic surfactants in the agents according to the invention is preferably in the range from 7 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 12 to 22% by weight.

Suitable cationic surfactants are, for example, quaternary ammonium salts such as di- (C₁₀-C₂₄) -Alkyl-dimethylammonium chloride or bromide, preferably di- (C₁₂-C₁₈) Alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; (C.₁₀-C₂₄) Alkyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; (C.₁₀-C₂₄) Alkyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide, preferably cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide and (C₂₀-C₂₂) Alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; (C.₁₀-C₂₄) -Alkyl-dimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride or bromide, preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈) -Alkyl-dimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride; N- (C₁₀-C₁₈) Alkyl pyridinium chloride or bromide, preferably N- (C₁₂-C₁₆) Alkyl pyridinium chloride or bromide; N- (C₁₀-C₁₈) Alkyl isoquinolinium chloride, bromide or monoalkyl sulfate; N- (C₁₂-C₁₈) -Alkyl-polyolaminoformylmethyl-pyridinium chloride; N- (C₁₂-C₁₈) -Alkyl-N-methyl-morpholinium chloride, bromide or monoalkyl sulfate; N- (C₁₂-C₁₈) Alkyl N-ethyl morpholinium chloride, bromide or monoalkyl sulfate; (C.₁₆-C₁₈) Alkyl pentaoxethyl ammonium chloride; Diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; Salts of N, N-diethylaminoethylstearylamide and oleylamide with hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid; N-acylaminoethyl-N, N-diethyl-N-methylammonium chloride, bromide or monoalkyl sulfate and N-acylaminoethyl-N, N-diethylN-benzylammonium chloride, bromide or monoalkyl sulfate, with acyl preferably for stearyl or Oleyl stands.

The proportion by weight of the cationic surfactants in the agents according to the invention is preferably in the range from 1 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 5% by weight.

Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants which can be used as washing-active substances are: fatty alcohol ethoxylates (alkyl polyethylene glycols); Alkylphenol polyethylene glycols; Alkyl mercaptan polyethylene glycols; Fatty amine ethoxylates (alkylamino polyethylene glycols); Fatty acid ethoxylates (acyl polyethylene glycols); Polypropylene glycol ethoxylates (Pluronics®); Fatty acid alkylolamides (fatty acid amide polyethylene glycols); N-alkyl, N-alkoxypolyhydroxy fatty acid amides, sucrose esters; Sorbitol ester and polyglycol ether.

The proportion by weight of the nonionic surfactants in the agents according to the invention is preferably in the range from 1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 7% by weight.

Preferred amphoteric surfactants are: N- (C₁₂-C₁₈) -Alkyl-β-aminopropionate and N- (C₁₂-C₁₈) -Alkyl-β-iminodipropionate as alkali and mono-, di- and trialkylammonium salts; N-acylaminoalkyl-N, N-dimethyl-acetobetaine, preferably N- (C₈-C₁₈) -Acyl-aminopropyl-N, N-dimethylacetobetaine; (C.₁₂-C₁₈) Alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine; Amphoteric surfactants based on imidazoline (trade name: Miranol®, Steinapon®), preferably the sodium salt of 1 - (β-carboxymethyloxyethyl) -1 - (carboxymethyl) -2-lauryl-imidazolinium; Amine oxides, e.g. (C₁₂-C₁₈) -Alkyl-dimethylamine oxide, fatty acid amidoalkyl-dimethylamine oxide.

The proportion by weight of the amphoteric surfactants in the agents according to the invention is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by weight.

Furthermore, foam-reinforcing co-surfactants from the group alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines, amine oxides and fatty acid alkanolamides or polyhydroxyamides can be used in the agents according to the invention.

Preferred surfactants in the agents according to the invention are lauryl sulfate, laureth sulfate, cocoamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoyl glutamate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate and coconut fatty acid diethanolamide. The preparations according to the invention can also contain other additives customary in cosmetics, such as superfatting agents, stabilizers, biogenic active ingredients, glycerol, preservatives, pearlescent agents, colors and fragrances, solvents, opacifiers, thickeners and dispersants, and also protein derivatives such as gelatin, collagen hydrolyzates, polypeptides on a natural and synthetic basis , Egg yolk, lecithin, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, fatty alcohols, silicones, Contain deodorants, substances with keratolytic and keratoplastic effects, enzymes and carrier substances. In addition, agents having an antimicrobial action can be added to the agents according to the invention. Substances such as, for example, polyethoxylated lanolin derivatives, lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers. Typical examples of fats are glycerides; beeswax, paraffin wax or microwaxes, among others, are suitable as waxes, optionally in combination with hydrophilic waxes, for example cetylstearyl alcohol.

Metal salts of fatty acids such as magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate can be used as stabilizers. Biogenic active substances are understood to mean, for example, plant extracts and vitamin complexes. Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid. Suitable pearlizing agents are, for example, glycol distearic acid esters, such as ethylene glycol distearate, but also fatty acid monoglycol esters. The dyes which can be used are those which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes.

Other suitable thickeners are sodium, potassium, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, fatty acid alkylolamides, cellulose derivatives, for example hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl guar gum, starch and starch derivatives, and natural gums, carboxyvinyl polymers, for example Carbopol 934, -940 941, -956, -980, -981, -1342, -1382, ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids with 14 to 22, particularly preferably 16 to 22 carbon atoms, especially mono- and di-ethylene glycol stearate. Also preferred are stearin monoethanolamide, stearin diethanolamide, stearin isopropanolamide, stearin monoethanolamide stearate, stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, glyceryl stearate, stearamide diethanolamide distearate, stearamide monoethanolamide stearate, N, N-dihydrocarbyl (C₁₂-C₂₂) - especially (C₁₆-C₁₈) - amidobenzoic acid and its soluble salts, N, N-di (C₁₆-C₁₈) amidobenzoic acid and its derivatives. The dispersants are used, based on the finished composition, in concentrations of preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 4% by weight. The desired viscosity of the agents can be adjusted by adding water and / or organic solvents or by adding a combination of organic solvents and thickeners. In principle, all monohydric or polyhydric alcohols are suitable as organic solvents. Alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, glycerol and mixtures of the alcohols mentioned are preferably used. Other preferred alcohols are polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight below 2000. In particular, use of polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight between 200 and 600 and in amounts of up to 45% by weight and of polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight between 400 and 600 in amounts of 5 to 25% by weight is preferred. Other suitable solvents are, for example, triacetin (glycerol triacetate) and 1-methoxy-2-propanol.

Suitable carrier materials are vegetable oils, natural and hardened oils, waxes, fats, water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol, glycerides, liquid paraffins, liquid fatty alcohols, sterol, polyethylene glycols, cellulose and cellulose derivatives.

Ketoconazole, oxiconazole, bifonazole, butoconazole, cloconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, enilconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, miconazole, sulconazole, tioconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole naftine, terifazine, terifazine can be used as fungicidal active ingredients.

Silicones, polyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxane copolymers, as described in US Pat. No. 5,104,645 and the documents cited therein, further improve the care effect of the agents according to the invention. The agents according to the invention can be mixed with conventional ceramides, pseudoceramides, fatty acid-N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides, cholesterol, cholesterol fatty acid esters, fatty acids, triglycerides, cerebrosides, phospholipids and similar substances.

The polymers according to the invention can be used as emulsifiers, stabilizers and / or consistency agents in emulsions. Crosslinked polymers are particularly suitable for this. The emulsions can be either water-in-oil emulsions or oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsifying, stabilizing and / or consistency effect of the polymers according to the invention in emulsions is caused or enhanced by an association of the polymer side chains with one another, and by an interaction of the polymer side chains with the hydrophobic oil components.

The non-aqueous proportion of the emulsions, which largely consists of the emulsifier, the thickener and the oil body, is usually 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 75% by weight. It follows that the emulsions can contain 5 to 95% by weight and preferably 25 to 85% by weight of water, depending on whether lotions with a comparatively low viscosity or creams and ointments with a high viscosity are to be produced.

The emulsions can be used as skin care products, such as day creams, night creams, skin care creams, nutritional creams, body lotions, ointments and the like, and as further auxiliaries and additives, oil bodies, co-emulsifiers, superfatting agents, fats, waxes, stabilizers, biogenic active substances, glycerol, Contain preservatives, colors and fragrances.

Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols with 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear (C.₆-C₁₃) Fatty acids with linear (C₆-C₂₀) Fatty alcohols, esters of branched (C₆-C₁₃) Carboxylic acids with linear (C₆-C₂₀) Fatty alcohols, esters of linear (C₆-C₁₈) Fatty acids with branched alcohols, especially 2-ethylhexanol, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as dimer diol or trimer diol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based (C₆-C₁₀) Fatty acids, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, Guerbet carbonates, dialkyl ethers and / or aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. The proportion of the oil bodies in the non-aqueous proportion of the emulsions can make up 5 to 95 and preferably 15 to 75% by weight.

Suitable nonionic co-emulsifiers are, inter alia, addition products of 0 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 mol of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 C atoms, with fatty acids with 12 to 22 C atoms, with alkylphenols with 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and on sorbitan or sorbitol esters; (C.₁₂-C₁₈) Fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of 0 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with glycerol; Glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and, if appropriate, their ethylene oxide addition products; Addition products of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil; Polyol and especially polyglycerol esters, such as polyglycerol polyricinoleate and polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate. Mixtures of compounds from several of these classes of substances are also suitable.

Suitable ionogenic co-emulsifiers are, for example, anionic emulsifiers, such as mono-, di- or tri-phosphoric acid esters, but also cationic emulsifiers, such as mono-, di- and tri-alkyl quats and their polymeric derivatives. In order to adjust the rheological properties of aqueous or solvent-based emulsions or suspensions, a large number of different systems are specified in the specialist literature. Cellulose ethers and other cellulose derivatives (e.g. Carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose), gelatin, starch and starch derivatives, sodium alginates, fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters, agar-agar, tragacanth or dextrins. Various materials are used as synthetic polymers, such as Polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylamides, polyvinylamides, polysulfonic acids, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid esters, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyethylene oxides, copolymers of maleic anhydride and vinyl methyl ether, as well as various mixtures and copolymers of the above compounds, including their various salts and esters. These polymers can optionally be cross-linked or uncross-linked. The emulsions can be prepared in a known manner, ie for example by hot, hot / cold or PIT emulsification.

The polymers according to the invention can also be used for the formulation of crop protection agents. In this area of ​​application, there has been a rethink in the development of new active ingredient formulations in recent years. The focus was not on research for new active substances, but on the search for auxiliary reagents to enhance the effects of known active substances on the plant surface. The addition of these so-called adjuvants enables the amount of active ingredient used to be reduced while maintaining the effectiveness of the overall formulation in comparison with formulations free of adjuvants. Non-polar modified water-soluble polyelectrolytes on the one hand enable an increase in the viscosity of the active substance solution present - which leads to a slower "beading off" of the leaf surfaces and thus to a longer exposure time to the leaf - and on the other hand the non-polar side residues result in increased adsorption on the likewise non-polar leaf surfaces.

The following examples and applications are intended to explain the invention in more detail, but without restricting it thereto.

Examples and applications

1) Representation of the macromonomers

a) Variant 1: methacrylic acid glycidyl ester

600 g of Genapol T-250 are placed in a one liter three-necked flask with stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser and 75 g of methacrylic acid glycidyl ester are added. The reaction mixture is then heated to 100 ° C. for 2 hours and the excess methacrylate is distilled off in vacuo. The resulting macromonomer can be used in the polymerization without further purification.

b) Variant 2: free meth / acrylic acid

500 g of Genapol UD-070 are placed in a one liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser, and 100 g of meth- / acrylic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst are added. The reaction mixture is then boiled under reflux for 2 hours and the excess acid and the water of reaction formed are distilled off in vacuo. The resulting macromonomer can be used in the polymerization without further purification.

c) Variant 3: halogen derivatives of meth / acrylic acid

500 g of Genapol UD-070 with a primary amino end group are placed in a one liter three-necked flask with stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser, and 110 g of meth- / acrylic acid chloride and 50 g of sodium carbonate are added. The reaction mixture is then boiled under reflux for 2 hours. The cessation of CO₂-Development indicates the end of the modification reaction. The excess acid chloride is distilled off in vacuo. The resulting macromonomer with a meth / acrylamide end group can be used in the polymerization without further purification.

d) Variant 4: esters of meth / acrylic acid

500 g of Genapol LA-090 are placed in a one liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser, and 100 g of methyl methacrylate and 20 g of titanium tetraisopropylate are added. The reaction mixture is then boiled under reflux for 2 hours. After the alcohol formed has been distilled off, the remaining ester is distilled off in vacuo. The resulting macromonomer with a meth / acrylic acid end group can be used in the polymerization without further purification.

2) polymerization

General polymerization instructions for the preparation of the side chain polymers according to the invention by the precipitation process in t-butanol

500 ml of t-butanol are placed in a 2 liter Quickfit flask with a reflux condenser, gas inlet, internal thermometer and stirrer and the calculated amount of AMPS is added. Then by NH₃-Introduction neutralized and the LCST side arms produced as under 1) (several different species also possible) are added to the reaction mixture. If further comonomers are required, these can be added to the reaction mixture after neutralization. After inerting the mixture with N₂ or argon is added as an initiator at an internal temperature of 60 ° C and initiating the polymerization reaction. The finished polymer precipitates after a few minutes. The mixture is heated to reflux for two hours and the polymer is then freed from the solvent via a suction filter and dried in vacuo. This regulation is generally applicable to all polymerization reactions described below.

Side chain polymers with thickening properties

Example 1: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®T-250</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 2: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">30</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 3-type Genapol® UD-80</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">90</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 3: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">30</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 3-type Genapol® T-250</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">90</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinker)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 4: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®L-070</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Na neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">75</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Acrylamide</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">50</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 5: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="center">15</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 4 - Type Genapol®UD-080</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer variant 1 - type Genapol®T-250</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">15</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 6: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="center">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®LA-110</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 7: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="center">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®T-080</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 8: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="center">25</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®T-150</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AT THE</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">350</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 9: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">9,1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">9,2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">9,3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="char" char=",">10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" morerows="1" align="char" char=",">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" morerows="1" align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®LA-110</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="char" char=",">12,5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" morerows="1" align="char" char=",">12,5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" morerows="1" align="center">25</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®T-150</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">100</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AT THE</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">350</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">350</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">350</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 10: Polymer blend

<tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">10.1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">10.2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">10.3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">polymer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">example 1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">10</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">20</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 11: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions but at 45 ° C starting temperature

<tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">25</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type (C₁₈-C₂₂) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 25 EO units</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Azobisdimethylvaleronitrile (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 12: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions, but at 45 ° C starting temperature

<tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®UD-080</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Azobisdimethylvaleronitrile (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 13: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0013" num="0013"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Macromonomer</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" morerows="1" align="left">15</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Variant 1 - Type Genapol®T-200</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 14: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0014" num="0014"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Genapol®T-250 methacrylate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">97</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">300</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">TMPTA</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1,8</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Dilauroyl peroxide (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 15: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0015" num="0015"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">MPEG 750 methacrylate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">80</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">300</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">TMPTA</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1.8</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">AIBN (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Viscosity 1.0% (H₂Dist.) 55,000 mPas (Brookfield spindle 7)</li><li>Viscosity 0.5% (H₂Dist.) 19,000 mPas (Brookfield spindle 7)</li></ul>

Example 16: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0016" num="0016"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Genapol®T-250 methacrylate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">97</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Dilauroyl peroxide (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 17: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0017" num="0017"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">MPEG-750 methacrylate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">80</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ABAH (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><ul id="ul0005" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Viscosity 1.0% (H₂Dist.) 1,500 mPas (Brookfield spindle 5)</li><li>Viscosity 0.5% (H₂O dest.) 400 mPas (Brookfield spindle 5)</li></ul>

Comparative Example 1:

Comparative Example 1 shows that the temperature at which viscosification sets in and the strength of the effect can be influenced (Figure 1). The polymers used are based on Examples 6, 7 and 8. In addition, a polymer from EP-B-0 583 814 is reproduced. These are pAMPS / 1,2-POE5 from example 1.3. Figure 1 shows the viscosity of the polymers in aqueous solution. In Figure 1 it can be seen that the maxima of the viscosification can be found at different temperatures: for example 6 at 120 ° C, for example 7 at 140 ° C and for example 8 at over 200 ° C. pAMPS / 1.2-POE5 has its maximum temperature at 200 ° C. The application concentrations are also significantly lower than for pAMPS / 1.2-POE5 (Figure 1).<img file="EP1069142A1_D0002.tif" />

Furthermore, it can be clearly seen that the polymers according to the invention have a basic viscosity even at room temperature due to the hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl residues of the side chains. pAMPS / 1.2-POE5 does not develop such a basic viscosity. Furthermore, the polymers according to the invention are distinguished in that the width of the thermoassociating effect can be controlled.

The two examples below show the influence of mixtures of different side arms in one polymer (Example 18) and the influence of mixtures of different polymers (Example 19).

Example 18:

This example shows the development of viscosity at different temperatures for the polymers from Example 9. Different side arms are used in one polymer (Figure 2).<img file="EP1069142A1_D0003.tif" />

Example 19:

Figure 3 shows how the viscosity behavior changes depending on the temperature. Examples 10.1 to 10.3 are different mixing ratios of the polymers from Example 6 and Example 7. The width and strength of the thermoassociating effect can be adjusted via the mixing ratio.<img file="EP1069142A1_D0004.tif" />

Examples of oil emulsions

The test emulsions are stored at 40 ° C, 45 ° C and 50 ° C for a period of 90 days. 3 different oil mixtures are used in each case. The oil mixtures are composed as follows:<tables id="tabl0018" num="0018"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Mixture I:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Mixture II:</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Paraffin oil nv</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">50 %</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Cetiol V</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">25 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Isopropyl palmitate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">30 %</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Squalane</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">25 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Soybean oil</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">20 %</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Myritol 318</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">25 %</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Isopropyl palmitate</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">25 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Mixture II:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Soybean oil</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">50 %</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">almond oil</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">20 %</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Avocado oil</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">20 %</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Jojoba oil</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">10%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Assessment key:

<ul id="ul0006" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>0 = no emulsifier effect</li><li>1 = separated in 2 or 3 phases</li><li>3rd = Creaming + oil or water + creaming, homogeneous emulsion in between</li><li>4th = Water separation, no creaming, no oil separation</li><li>5 = Oil separation, no creaming, no water separation</li><li>6 = Creaming</li><li>7 = weakly recognizable creaming</li><li>8th = practically fine</li><li>9 = completely homogeneous emulsion</li></ul>

Emulsifying index:

<ul id="ul0007" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>4.1 - 5.0 = very good</li><li>3.1 - 4.0 = good</li><li>2.1 - 3.0 = medium</li><li>1.1 -2.0 = bad</li><li>0 - 1.0 = very bad</li></ul>

Test emulsions with uncrosslinked polymers according to the invention.

<tables id="tabl0019" num="0019"><img file="EP1069142A1_D0005.tif" /></tables>

The stability test shows that the uncrosslinked polymers according to the invention in combination with an additional consistency agent provide stable emulsions.

Test emulsions with crosslinked polymers according to the invention

<tables id="tabl0020" num="0020"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="10" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="15.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">composition</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">32</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">33</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">34</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="left">35</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="left">36</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left">37</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="left">38</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="left">39</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="left">40</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Polymer It. Ex. 3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">1</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">0,75</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,75</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,75</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Oil mixture I</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" /><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" /><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Oil mixture II</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" /><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" /><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Oil mixture III</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">27</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" /><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" /><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">27</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Carbopol 980</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,3</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,3</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Sodium hydroxide solution 10%</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1,2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">1,2</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">-</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">Ad 100</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Emulsifying index</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">4,7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">4,8</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">4,7</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">4,6</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">4,4</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">4,5</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">4,5</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">4,6</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">4,6</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Emulsifying effect</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">Very good</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

The stability test shows that the crosslinked polymers according to the invention act simultaneously as a consistency agent and as an emulsifier with very good emulsifying properties. Stable emulsions are obtained without an additional co-emulsifier and without an additional consistency agent.

Formulation examples, all figures in% by weight

Example 41: O / W - skin milk

Composition:

<tables id="tabl0021" num="0021"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="6" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Polymer It. Ex. 2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Mineral oil, low viscosity</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">5.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Miglyol 812 (Dynamite Nobel)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">4.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Capryl / Caprin triglycerides</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Isopropyl palmitate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">6.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Soybean oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">3.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Jojoba oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">2.00%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Aristoflex AVC (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">AMPS / VIFA copolymer</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="4" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Hostapon KCG (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium cocoyl glutamate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">ad 100%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">3.00%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium hydroxide (10% in water)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.20 %</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrances</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.30%</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Stir B into A, add C and stir well.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Stir D into I.</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Homogenize the emulsion</dd></dl>

Example 42: O / W - skin milk

composition

<tables id="tabl0022" num="0022"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="5" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer It. Ex. 1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Isopropyl palmitate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">4,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Almond oil 5.00%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">4.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Wheat germ oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Cetion SN (Henkel)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">8,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Cetearyl isononanoate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Aristoflex AVC (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">AMPS / VIFA copolymer</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">ad 100%</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrances</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.30 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Mix A and B, then add C.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Add D to I.</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Homogenize the emulsion</dd></dl>

Example 43: O / W after-sun milk

Composition:

<tables id="tabl0023" num="0023"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="8" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer It. Ex. 1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Isopropyl palmitate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">5,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Cetion SN (Henkel)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">4,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Getearyl isononanoate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Soybean oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">4,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Miglyol 812 (Dynamite Nobel)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">3,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Capryl / Caprin triglycerides</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Jojoba oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">3,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Wheat germ oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="6" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®AQUAMOLLIN BC Plv. High conc. (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,10 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid Sodium Salt</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Citric acid (10%)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">68,80 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">3,00%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">ALLANTOIN (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,20 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" rowsep="1" align="left">E</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Ethanol</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,50%</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Perfume oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,30 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0003" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Mix the components of A homogeneously</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Stir CD into I at approx. 35 °.</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Homogenize the emulsion.</dd></dl>

Examples of water in oil formulations

Example 44: Reaction according to general polymerization instructions

<tables id="tabl0024" num="0024"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactant</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Quantity (g)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Genapol®T-250 methacrylate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">90</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">NH₃-neutralized AMPS</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">TMPTA</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1,5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">t-butanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Dilauroyl peroxide (initiator)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 45: W / O cream

composition

<tables id="tabl0025" num="0025"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="7" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®HOSTACERIN DGI (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">4.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polyglyceryl-2 sesquiisostearate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Beeswax</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">2.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer It. Ex. 18</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1,5 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Mineral oil, low viscosity</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">5.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">vaseline</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">10.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Cetiol V (Henkel KGaA)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">5.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Decyl Oleate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="2" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1,2-propylene glycol</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">3.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">69,10 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">qs</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrance</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.40 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0004" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>A melt at 80 ° C</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>B heat to 80 ° C.</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Stir II into I.</dd><dt>IV</dt><dd>Stir until cool.</dd><dt>V</dt><dd>At 35 ° C add C to IV.</dd></dl>

Examples of surfactant formulations

Example 46: body wash

composition

<tables id="tabl0026" num="0026"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAPOL LRO liquid (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">40.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium Laureth sulfate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrance</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.30%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="5" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">52.70 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dyestuff</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAGEN LDA (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">6.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Disodium lauroamphodiacetate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Citric acid</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer It. Ex. 6</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.00 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0005" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Stir B in A.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Add components from C to I in succession</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Set pH to 5.5</dd><dt>IV</dt><dd>Adjust the viscosity by stirring D into II</dd></dl>

Example 47: Baby Shampoo

composition

<tables id="tabl0027" num="0027"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="9" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">60.70 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAPOL ZRO liquid (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">25.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium Laureth Sulfate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®HOSTAPON CLG (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">8.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium lauroyl glutamate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAPOL SBE (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">5.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrance</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dyestuff solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">qs</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer It. Example 4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1,00 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0006" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Solve B in A.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>adjust pH if necessary</dd></dl>

Example 48: Anti-dandruff shampoo, clear

composition

<tables id="tabl0028" num="0028"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®OCTOPIROX (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Piroctone olamine</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">10.00%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAPOL LRO LIQUID (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">30.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium Laureth Sulfate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="2" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Belsil DMC 6032 (Wacker Chemie)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dimethicone Copolyol Acetate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrance</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">E</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®ALLANTOIN (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">F</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">46.40 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="3" align="left">G</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dyestuff solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Panthenol (Hoffmann La Roche)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAGEN GAB (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">8.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Cocamidopropyl betaines</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">H</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer It. Example 7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.10 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0007" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Mix A with B.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Stir C in I until clear solution</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Put components from D one after the other in I.</dd><dt>IV</dt><dd>Stir E in F while heating and then stir in I.</dd><dt>V</dt><dd>Add components from G to I one after the other</dd><dt>VI</dt><dd>adjust pH if necessary</dd><dt>VII</dt><dd>Adjust the viscosity by stirring H in I.</dd></dl>

Example 49: Anti-dandruff shampoo, pearlescent

composition

<tables id="tabl0029" num="0029"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">38.7 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®HOSTAPON SCI-65 (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">3.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="18" rowsep="1" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAPOL LRO liquid (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">35.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium Laureth Sulfate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®HOSTAPON KCG (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">5.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sodium cocoyl glutamate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Belsil DMC 6032 (Wacker)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dimethicone Copolyol Acetate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Fragrance</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.30 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®GENAGEN GAB (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">9.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Cocamidopropyl Betaine</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">GENAPOL TSM (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">4.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">PEG-3 Distearate (and) Sodium Laureth</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sulfates</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Merquat 550</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polyquaternium-7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Zinc Omadine FPS (Olin)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Zinc Pyrithione (48%)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">2.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer according to Ex. 9.1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dyestuff solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0008" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Loosen at 80 ° C in A.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>After cooling to approx. 35 ° C, add components C one after the other</dd></dl>

Examples of gels

Example 50: Hair gel with conditioning properties

composition

<tables id="tabl0030" num="0030"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="5" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">92.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Panthenol</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">UVAsorb S5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.05 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Benzophenone-4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dyestuff solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="2" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Emulsogen HCO 040 (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">perfume</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer according to example 3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">2.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" rowsep="1" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Gafquat 755N (ISP)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">2.50 %</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polyquaternium-11</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0009" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Mix components A.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Mix components B and add to I.</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Give C to D to I.</dd></dl>

Example 51: Hair gel with strong hold

composition

<tables id="tabl0031" num="0031"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="7" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">91.50%</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">PVP K-30 (ISP)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">4.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">PVP</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Panthenol</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">UVAsorb S5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.05 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Benzophenone-4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dyestuff solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Preservative</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="4" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Abil B 8851 (Goldschmidt)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">1.00 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Dimethicone copolyol</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">®Emulsogen HCO 040 (Clariant)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">0.50 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">perfume</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">qs</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Polymer according to example 3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">2.50 %</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing

<dl id="dl0010" compact="compact"><dt>I.</dt><dd>Mix components A.</dd><dt>II</dt><dd>Put components B in I.</dd><dt>III</dt><dd>Put components C in I.</dd></dl>