Transmission with cones and friction ring

The invention relates to a bevel friction ring gearing with at least two opposite to each other, arranged on parallel axes operatively interconnecting conical friction wheels and the two conical friction wheels Friction. Moreover, the invention relates to a process for the Control of the transmission ratio in a bevel gear.

Such bevel friction ring gearing for example, from the DB 195 42 726 0657663 A1 A1 and from EP. It is found that at these Kegelreibringgetrieben smooth running can not be guaranteed. Rather, these gear tend, especially in connection with Combustion engines uncontrolled and uncontrollable vibrations build.

It is an object of the present invention, a generic provide bevel friction ring gearing, in which the risk of an Occurrence of uncontrollable vibrations is reduced.

As the first solution proposes present invention provides a bevel friction ring gearing with at least two opposite to each other on parallel axes arranged conical friction wheels and the two conical friction wheels operatively connected friction before, in which the friction device a torque with a component obtained by vertically on a both Kegelreibachsen set level is, acts. The friction device can by means of a guide along the conical friction relocatable be designed such that it with a torque against the guide is pressed.

Such an arrangement can be the risk of flutter minimize friction and reduce to "zero", since the Friction a bracing subject. In this way a play always existing guidance play no role because the friction device rests against a side of the guide and by the torque in this abutting position is held.

Advantageously, the torque is carried by the conical friction on the friction caused forces applied. In this way, the Friction is proportional to the force acting on the friction force applied to the guide.

Such a solution is particularly suitable for bevel friction ring gearing, which arranged the friction between the conical friction wheels is. This is on the one hand allows sufficient clearance for the leadership of the friction device is ensured while the Friction device is stabilized. On the other hand allows this facility as before, that the friction means through a displacement to Axis of rotation along the two conical friction wheels is performed.

A specific configuration can be realized by the fact that the Friction between the conical friction wheels is arranged and a first running region, the rolls at a first of the two conical friction wheels, and a second run portion secured to the second of the two Conical friction circulated, said two load regions in terms are offset in a plane of rotation of the friction device. Here, the term of a barrel portion of each geometric understood field of friction, which on a conical friction wheel circulated. It is understood that the running areas of the during operation may be subject to a slight change bevel friction ring gearing. The term of a plane of rotation is achieved according to a plane understood, is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the friction device is arranged. This definition of the concept of a staggered arrangement, that the two load regions of such a plane of rotation differently spaced.

By such an offset arrangement of the two load regions in With respect to a plane of rotation is on the friction device by the According to areas adjacent conical friction torque applied. The guide then only needs to configured to be that this torque the friction against the guide suppressed.

In a relatively simple structured arrangement, the Friction means comprise a friction ring which comprises at least a radially outer running surface and a radially inner running surface , wherein each of the running surfaces in each case rolls on a conical friction wheel. Where the two treads offset with respect to a plane of the ring arranged as follows an inventive torque.

The friction device can be guided in a guide, the slide bearing a comprises between friction and leadership. By such Arrangement can be surprisingly smooth running of the friction ring ensure although in the generic arrangements only slightly or no lubricant for a guide of the friction device is available. It is true that such a comprehensive bearings Leadership independently of the other characteristics of Bevel friction ring gearing advantageous calm the running of the friction device. However, the advantages of this guide cumulate with a against the Leadership pressed torque to an especially smooth stroke the friction device.

Since the friction device is fixed by the conical friction wheels in general, it should be sufficient to the friction only two Implementing Agencies to lead. Surprisingly, it has been found, however, that in a Guidance by three implementing agencies, was a roller at this location a slide bearing provided is a tendency to flutter much can be reduced. This is especially the case when at the Friction means is a friction ring located between the Conical friction wheels is arranged. This friction ring may be only about its Vertical axis rotate so that a guide means of one or a maximum of two should be sufficient implementing agencies. A tendency of the ring to flutter can thereby alone does not reduce, this is only at three Implementing Agencies of the case. This results in a reduction of this tendency to flutter already independent of the other features of Bevel friction ring gearing, the tendency to flutter viewed by against Management can reduce torque acting further.

The friction device can by means of along at least one Guide rod movable carriage to be performed, the carriage is performed by a ball level guidance on the guide bar. in this connection can serve as Kugelradführung each roller guide, wherein an axial Guidance is by means of circulating balls. In particular, a find linear bushing using. By such a mounting of the Carriage which in the prior art by means of a sliding bearing taken along the Guide rod is guided, can be the friction and in particular one serving as friction friction ring lead more stable. A Such an arrangement is particularly suitable for bevel friction ring gearing, at which the friction ring by displacement about a rotational axis, in particular by displacement of guide rods, leading a friction ring holding carriage takes place. With such support, the forces stir for the displacement of the friction ring or the friction device of the Conical friction wheels forth, the carriage itself is not separately driven. at such an arrangement, a particularly quiet in this way and smooth running of the friction device to ensure in particular, if this is displaced along the conical friction wheels. A Such an arrangement is also used independently of the other characteristics the bevel friction ring gearing stabilize Reibeinrichtungsführung.

To further stabilize this guide, at least, a Guide rod to be profiled. Such a measure affects Although not directly to the leadership of the friction from, it has however, shown that this measure a vibration hazard during Overall arrangement and thus also the risk of flutter of the friction ring reduced. Preferably, the guide bar may I-shaped or square be formed in the profile. It is understood that such profiling also independent of a Kugelradführung the carriage to the Guide rod advantageously a stabilization of the overall arrangement is used.

The guide rod can be connected to a standing frame made of sheet metal, Die-cast aluminum or plastic, in particular high-performance plastic, be attached. By such an arrangement, a Weight reduction possible. Moreover, a significant following Ease of manufacture, since an existing from these materials Part only needs to be deformed or shaped accordingly. Although the use of such adjusting frame is also located seen beneficial to a corresponding reduction in weight and to achieve manufacturing cost. Particularly in connection with the previously Ball degree guidance or a profiled described Guide rod proves such an assembly frame as beneficial as With such an arrangement, the carriage even a stabilization of the Guide rods possible so that the management of the overall arrangement Despite the standing frame made of sheet metal is sufficiently stable.

The standing frame can be obtained by a linear motor or by a Rotary motor are driven. This particular enables stable guidance of the friction and the fact that the Friction device only has to be rotated about a rotation axis, so that they moved along the conical friction wheels, an engine with to use relatively low power. This is particularly true for linear motors and for expensive rotary engines. A Such an arrangement makes it possible to force hydraulic adjustment mechanisms to dispense, thereby such a bevel friction ring gearing even apart of the other features of cost-effective building.

Unwanted vibrations in a generic bevel friction ring gearing can also be avoided that at least one of two conical friction wheels arranged on a shaft which over a continuous contact area is connected to the conical friction wheel in contact.

The continuous contact area ensures a stable storage of Conical friction wheel to the shaft, so that the risk of undesired Vibrations caused by insufficient support of the conical friction wheel on the shaft is reduced. Such an arrangement makes it possible in particular, for the conical friction wheel a less expensive and less to use stable material without a substantial reduction the running qualities and thus the risk of vibrations occurring.

For especially small, generic Kegelreibringgetrieben can both conical friction wheels integral with this shaft or have bearing journals. This also guarantees a stable support the conical friction wheels so that undesirable vibrations are avoided can.

In such arrangements, the stability can moreover consistently increased because the conical friction wheel is solid.

Furthermore enable arrangements described above, that by the conical friction sufficiently high force to the friction device can be applied to a sufficient transmission power to guarantee.

It is also possible in particular, one of the conical friction wheels of steel to form. This not only ensures a favorable intrinsic elasticity of Conical friction wheel, when it interacts with the friction device. On the other hand steel is relatively inexpensive. The necessary Stability can by the foregoing configuration variations be guaranteed. However, it will be appreciated on the other hand, that a Conical friction wheel independently of the other characteristics of the steel Bevel friction ring gearing is advantageous.

In contrast, the friction device a ceramic surface exhibit. This may advantageous in cost-effective manner Friction between the conical friction wheels and the friction device be guaranteed. In particular, the friction means a Friction ring ceramic include.

may, in particular in connection with the above arrangement, a traction fluid can be provided, which essentially for the is responsible friction between the friction device and conical friction wheels. That is, the traction fluid is selected so that the friction between the friction device and conical friction wheels when using the is traction fluid significantly larger than without. In particular, the Traction fluid diamond powder or other solid particles comprise. The Use of such a traction fluid is also independent of the other features of the bevel friction ring gearing advantageous.

Particularly in connection with the use of a Traction fluid can damage the bearings of the conical friction against the Conical friction surrounding space to be sealed. This is avoided that the bearings are used with the traction fluid in contact and be damaging in their operating characteristics. such Arrangement will enable the use of a traction fluid, which is free in the space surrounding the conical friction around splash can. So it is by such an arrangement for the first time possible in the lower region of the conical friction surrounding space a provide traction fluid sump and distributing the traction fluid by the rotational movement of the lower, in the traction fluid sump diving conical friction wheel to ensure. The known arrangements precluded the use of such, to be distributed finely Traction fluid not.

Furthermore, by sealing the Kegelreibradlager against the conical friction surrounding space, a plurality of bearings joint lubrication are subjected.

In this respect, the measures provided to one side of Kegelreibradraumes Stock be arranged in interconnected warehouses. The joint lubrication is then achieved by the combination of these Storerooms. It is understood that these storage areas also Part of a larger, provided next to the Kegelreibradraum may be space.

Also, at least two on different sides of associated Kegelreibradraumes envisaged storage in another Storage rooms can be arranged. This can by appropriate Lubricant lines happen.

Overall, it is possible in this way, a lubrication circuit for provide all that conical friction bearing in stock. This arrangement makes it possible in particular, in contrast to the known Kegelreibringgetrieben, a selected specifically for the bearing lubricant to use, which regardless of the where to Kegelreibradraum Use coming fluid can be selected.

It is understood that such a configuration of the storage areas also regardless of the use of a traction fluid or independently is advantageous of the other characteristics of the bevel friction ring gearing.

proves the arrangement described above with common storerooms to be particularly advantageous if the bevel friction ring gearing least having a tapered roller bearing. It is known that produce tapered roller bearings the truncated cone toward a positive pressure which is so great that on this side a sealing of the tapered roller bearing can not be provided because such a seal is forced open by the pressure generated there.

But if one sees between this seal and the tapered roller bearing a staging area before, of which at least one lubricant feed line proceeds to another camp, this pressure a serve conveying the lubricant.

In this way a lubrication circuit can be realized, the without additional lubricant pump or similar manages.

For cone apex of the tapered roller bearing out can about an addition be provided lubricant sump from which the tapered roller bearings Lubricant promotes. This lubricant sump can with a corresponding return line to be joined by another stock.

The use of a tapered roller bearing to the lubricant supply, in particular to other camps a mechanical arrangement is also regardless of all the foregoing features advantageously applicable. This is especially a particularly reliable ensures delivery of lubricant, the structurally very simple to is realized.

At least one conical friction wheel may have a spherical roller bearing. This can be the smooth running and the through the bevel friction ring gearing increase the transmitted torque, since such storage it enables the two conical friction wheels and the friction device to a bending of the conical friction wheels and the friction wheels overlapping waves to strain. can even under such a high load ensures a safe and smooth running of the bevel friction ring gearing will.

In addition, at least one conical friction wheel by means of an axially be stored effective bearing which is movable in the radial direction is arranged. By such a warehouse can be very high axial forces be included, wherein the movability in the radial direction can follow the bearing of a shaft deflection. As such a bearing come Axial angular contact ball bearings, thrust cylindrical roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, Axial needle roller bearings but also ball groove bearings and angular contact ball bearings in question, which is mounted to a corresponding radial clearance will. this may be a tapered roller bearing described above Likewise find kind use.

It is also possible in particular, this axially acting bearing on same side of the conical friction wheel provided as a spherical roller bearing. So the warehouse tasks can be distributed according to both bearings will.

It can be provided hydraulic means, the at least one Conical friction wheel with an axially directed, preferably of the truncated cone pointing to the apex, can apply force. By a Such an arrangement may in a structurally simple manner, the stress be controlled between conical friction wheels and friction. This may, in particular in dependence on a load, but also in Depending on a selected acceleration or Speed ​​happen.

Such hydraulic adjustment is much more flexible than previously known, mechanical adjustments.

The hydraulic means may in particular one in the axial direction adjustable with respect to the conical friction wheel stamp include, responsive to a corresponding bearing of the conical friction wheel acts. It is also possible to provide mechanical means, the application of force to a enable. In particular, this disc springs can be, the axial Biasing force to the conical friction wheel or on the above-described Cylinder exercise.

The invention further provides a method for controlling the Ratio in a bevel gear in which the Ratio as a function of a relative position of a rotating friction element can be adjusted and the friction by change a rotational position with respect to an axis in its relative position can be changed, ready to said rotational position of the friction element as Actuator is used for control. This allows a very accurate ensures quiet running and controlling the transmission ratio will.

The rotational position of the friction element, for example, by rotating the Frame or the above described Guide rods are changed. For this purpose, as also described above described, find an engine use.

To increase the control accuracy, the rotational position of the friction element be determined and used for control. This is preferably done this by using the estimated rotational position as the control number so that determined rotational position is only indirectly used for control.

Likewise, the relative position of the friction element with respect to the cone be determined and used for control. This also happens preferably as a control variable. The determined relative position of but friction element may also, especially in fast Adjustment procedures to be used directly for control.

Through the above-described regulatory procedure, a particularly smooth running of the bevel gear can be ensured. such a designed control loop can be in its vibration behavior relatively well mastered.

As a control variable, a speed ratio between an input-side shaft and an output-side shaft of the bevel gear be managed. Such control variable is relatively easy to determine; this may by two appropriately arranged Tachometer happen.

The above-described methods and arrangements are any who Smoothness of a bevel gear or a bevel friction ring gearing to improve. Here, the above-described features may singly or independently improve smoothness. The combination However, individual features provides surprising improvements in such transmissions, which are not at a mere feature Addition would expect.

Further advantages, objects and features of the present invention are explained by below with reference to the attached drawing Embodiments illustrated. In the drawings:<dl tsize="8" compact="compact"><dt>figure 1</dt><dd>a bevel friction ring gearing in section;</dd><dt>figure 2</dt><dd>The bevel friction ring gearing according to figure 1 along the line II-II in Figure 1; </dd><dt>figure 3</dt><dd>The bevel friction ring gearing according to figure 1 along the line III-III in Figure 1;</dd><dt>figure 4</dt><dd>a side view of a guide block and a in This guide carriage guided friction ring for the Bevel friction ring gearing according to Figure 1;</dd><dt>figure 5</dt><dd>a section through the friction ring and its guide carriage according to Figure 4 along the line VV in Figure 4;</dd><dt>figure 6</dt><dd>a section through the friction ring and its guide carriage according to Figure 4 along the line VI-VI in Figure 4;</dd><dt>figure 7</dt><dd>a section through an assembly frame of the bevel friction ring gearing of Figure 1 taken along the line VII-VII in Figure 1;</dd><dt>figure 8</dt><dd>a schematic sectional view of the conical friction wheels between two arranged friction ring of the bevel friction ring gearing Figure 1; and</dd><dt>figure 9</dt><dd>a section through another bevel friction ring gearing in similar view to FIG. 1</dd></dl>

The Kegelreibringgetrieben shown in the drawing are in a housing 1 two conical friction wheels 2, 3 opposed to each other on parallel axes arranged. The two conical friction wheels 2, 3 are by serving as a friction friction ring 4 is operatively connected. This Friction ring 4 rotates between the two conical friction wheels 2, 3 and communicates with the outer surfaces of these two conical friction wheels 2, 3 in contact.

The friction ring 4 is mounted in a guide 5 and by means of this guide 5 displaced. This guide 5 includes a carriage 50, the two Guide rods 51 is performed. While, as seen in Figure 6, the Slide 50 of the first bevel friction ring gearing in a slide to the Guide rods 51 is performed, this guidance is in the in Figure 9 illustrated embodiment, by a ball socket 54. The is the guide rod bevel friction ring gearing shown in Figure 9 square profiled.

The two guide rods 51 of both bevel friction ring gearing are on a Assembly frames 52 attached. During the assembly frame 52 of the in Figure 9 Bevel friction ring gearing directly to the guide rods shown 51 is connected, this connection is made with the up in figures 1 7 illustrated bevel friction ring gearing indirectly via a stabilizing Connecting bracket 55 (see Figure 7).

The assembly frame is displaceable about a rotational axis 53 to the housing 1 attached. The shift occurs in which in Figures 1 to 7 shown Bevel friction ring gearing by means of a rotary motor 56 ', while the Assembly frame 52 at the bevel friction ring gearing shown in Figure 9 'is driven by a linear motor 56'.

In the bevel friction ring gearing shown in Figures 1 to 7 is carried out, the Guide the friction ring by provided on two implementing agencies Pairs of rollers 57 (see especially figures 2-5). In the bevel friction ring gearing to 9, the friction ring 4, however, is in a slide 58 out. As is immediately apparent, instead of the two Implementing Agencies (see Figure 4 and Figure 9) and several implementing agencies be provided.

The two friction rings 4 of the bevel friction ring gearing shown rotate about an axis parallel to the axes of the conical friction wheels 2, 3 is aligned. It is possible, the axis also at an angle thereto to arrange. In particular, the axis can also be parallel to the Lateral surfaces be provided. Accordingly, the friction rings rotate 4 in a plane of rotation, which is perpendicular to this axis of rotation. In the schematic representation of Figure 8 is such a plane of rotation exemplified as the plane of rotation 40th Likewise, this level is 40 for a ring plane.

As seen in Figure 8, the friction ring 4 know two overflow areas or Running surfaces 41, 42 with which it in each case on one of the Conical friction wheels 2, 3 rolls. As Figure 8 shows, the two treads arranged 41, 42 with respect to the plane 6 is set. By such Arrangement, torque is transmitted by the two conical friction wheels 2, 3 on the friction ring exercised.

Due to its symmetry, the friction ring 4 substantially only be changed about its vertical axis in position. In addition, a slight tilting possible.

The force acting on the friction ring 4 torque is chosen such that it the friction ring 4 just in the latter direction with a force applied. Here is through the friction ring 4 against the guide 5 pressed. It is otherwise also possible for the friction ring 4 with a burdening opposite torque.

The prescribed torque and sufficient frictional force is characterized between the conical friction wheels 2, 3 and the friction ring 4 ensures that the conical friction wheels 2, 3 mutually tensioned axially will. To address this tension, the two Conical friction wheels 2, 3 of the bevel friction ring gearing shown in Figures 1 to 7 each arranged on a shaft 20, 30, over a largely through the contact region 21, 31 respectively with the Conical friction wheels 2, 3 are in contact. The two conical friction wheels 2, 3 this bevel friction ring gearing are otherwise carried out massively.

To the stability of a cavity comprehensive conical friction wheels 2, 3 of in Figure 9 to increase bevel friction ring gearing shown, this can integrally have these trained shaft or bearing journals. Likewise, a massive formation of conical friction wheels 2, 3 is possible.

The conical friction wheels 2, 3 both Kegelreibradgetriebe are made of steel educated. The friction ring 4 is made of a ceramic. At the bottom of Housing 1 is provided from traction fluid a swamp. The Traction fluid can be mixed with diamond powder. The amount of Traction fluid is dimensioned such that a lower part of the friction wheel 3 in this swamp immersed and distributed between the housing 1 Traction fluid and the fluid in the sump traction during operation the bevel friction ring gearing an equilibrium.

The conical friction wheels 2, 3 are mounted by means of bearings 22, 23 and 32, 33rd The bearings 22, 23 and 32, 33 are each in sealed Storerooms, so that in particular no traction fluid in these storerooms or is applied to these bearings 22, 23 and 32, 33rd All storerooms are connected through a lubricant line with one another, through which Bearing oil circulating. In the illustrated in FIGS 1 to 7 Bevel friction ring gearing is this circulation maintained by an oil pump obtained during this illustrated in which in Figure 9 Bevel friction ring gearing carried by the bearings 23 and 33rd The latter camp are designed as tapered roller bearings. To apex of Tapered roller bearing 33 is a bearing oil sump 34 is provided, while on the truncated cone of the bearing 33 a staging area 35 is, in which the bearing oil is pumped from the tapered roller bearing 33rd Of the Collecting chamber 35 go ​​stock oil lines to the other camps.

All bearings 22, 23 and 32, 33 take the radial forces on. However, the bearings 23 and 33 also serve the recording axial Forces. This is at the bevel friction ring gearing according to FIG 9 by the Tapered roller bearings 23 and 33 which are arranged correspondingly opposite are guaranteed. This bevel friction ring gearing, the bearings 22 and 32 formed as cylindrical roller bearings.

By contrast, the axial forces on the bearings 23 and 33 of in Figures 1 to 7 shown by a bevel friction ring gearing Combination of spherical roller bearings and deep groove ball bearings compensated. The Bearings 23 and 33 for this purpose are on different sides of Bevel friction ring gearing arranged. Actually uses the spherical roller bearings Low radial and axial forces. It is particularly suitable, even 20 and 30 to follow a bending of the waves. The roller ball bearings however, mainly serves to absorb axial forces and radially movably disposed in the housing first

In order to ensure the necessary axial clamping, the two Bevel friction ring gearing each have a clamping device, through which the conical friction wheel with an axially directed, from the truncated cone to Apex pointing force can be applied. To this end, in the bevel friction ring gearing shown in Figure 9 a plate spring arrangement and an oblique cam clutch provided. The ramp cam clutch enables torque adjustment, while the disc spring arrangement a base load due. The ramp cam coupling includes radially extending bevels, acting under the conical friction wheel 3 accrues torque to each other and thereby increase the contact pressure. In the bevel friction ring gearing shown in Figures 1 to 7 are therefor hydraulic means 36 is provided. This is an axially sliding barrel 37, which hydraulically via an opening 38 can driven and acts on the deep groove ball bearings of the bearing 33rd

The ratio control both bevel friction ring gearing takes place in that both at the drive shaft 20 as well as to are provided output shaft 30 tachometer. serves as a control variable the speed ratio between the two shafts 20, 30. The Speed ​​ratio is controlled by the rotational position of the friction ring. 4 These Rotational position can be 'changed by the motors 56' and 56 '. soft the speed ratio of the desired speed ratio from is, a corresponding change in position by the motors 56 'and 56' ' generated. Then, the friction ring travels along the outer surface of Conical friction wheels 2, 3. If the desired speed ratio is reached, is a corresponding rotational change in position of the friction ring 4 made and this aligned parallel to the Kegelreibradachsen.

The rotational position of the friction ring 4 is determined by the position of the motors 56 ' or 56 '' is determined and used as a control variable.

Furthermore, the relative position of the friction ring 4 is determined. The measured relative position is also as an actuator in the control loop on. Here, the relative position only in case of a relatively rapid displacement of the friction ring made 4 use.