Heating device for vehicles

State of the art

0001The invention relates to an apparatus for heating a motor vehicle according to the preamble of the independent claim. From DE-A 44 29 386 already an eddy current heating with wind power known. The wind energy is used for the generation of eddy currents. The resulting Heat is dissipated via a heat exchange medium for heating.

0002The employing an estimate based on eddy current heating of a However, the motor vehicle is not known.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

0003The inventive apparatus for heating a motor vehicle has a by a drive about an axis movable Part. A magnet is in the vicinity of the movable Portion arranged in such a way that during a relative movement of the part opposite to the magnet eddy current in the Part is induced. The inventive device is characterized by the fact that the resulting heat dissipated and a unit to be heated of the motor vehicle is supplied.

0004In particular, low-consumption engines give less heat to dissipate from so that operating situations can occur, in which the engine waste heat not to heat the Vehicle interior sufficient. The proposed device However, for heating a motor vehicle provides additional Heating power for heating the vehicle. Is used as the drive motor of the drive, load in contrast to an electrical additional heating, the apparatus the non-board network. In contrast to an electric Heating is the device proposed in the Position, necessary for the heating of the vehicle interior to provide high power output available. The eddy current heating also can be as an additional deceleration of the Motor vehicle use, so that the conventional vehicle brakes be spared. If the movable member directly in water circulation integrated, can be the heating output implement with high efficiency on the heat transfer. While the Zusatzheizbetriebes, a favorable operating point of driving the internal combustion engine can be selected idle. The heating capacity of the device according to the invention is sufficiently heat supply facilities of its own, separate interior-heat cycle. Because of the high heat output can unchanged the existing heating heat exchanger will. In addition to heating of the passenger compartment the device also serves the targeted heating of the drive itself. Thanks to the exact setting of the drive temperature can drive in one of to exhaust emissions or usage-bound Viewpoints favorable operating operate.

0005In an expedient development of the movable member cylindrically formed, in rotation axis direction of the Cylinder an increase is foreseen. This increase in Rotating axis direction is enclosed by the magnets. Preferably two magnets are so arranged that the resulting cancel forces on the movable member. In simple Way can thereby the stability of the arrangement increase so that unwanted blocking or deforming Disc can be reduced.

0006In an expedient development, there is a movable Part of non-magnetic, but particularly good electrical conductive material (copper, bronze).

0007An advantageous embodiment provides that the movable constructed from a first part and a second layer is. The first layer consists of an electrically conductive Material from the electrically conductive material the second layer has a lower electrical resistance having. The first layer is preferably off-axis arranged so that the electrical due to the lower Resistance higher temperature not in this area is discharged through the axis.

0008According to an advantageous development are in the movable Part breakthroughs provided to the heat conduction in Direction of the axis to aggravate. This constructive recesses can be brought in connection with fixed Magnetic field sensors of the speed determination of the portion used, since the recesses cause a change in magnetic field.

0009Is preferably a regulation or control of the Magnetic field, said the regulation or control depends on the speed of the movable part. A magnetic field change either through specific position change the magnet with respect to the movable member or electrically Way of an electromagnet to be achieved. Especially wherein an electromagnet is thanks to the low electrical power consumption is a simplified controllability achieved. As the magnetic field is preferably an alternating field used. considered a regulation or control addition to the speed, the temperature of the heat carrier and / or the target temperature of the heat carrier, wherein the Set temperature to the heating of the passenger compartment or the The drive can be switched off. Also emission dependent variables can be useful to integrate in the regulation or control.

0010In one advantageous embodiment, the movable Part agent to circulate the heat carrier in the heat cycle. In the apparatus according to the invention, the conventional Function of the water pump may be integrated. alternative then the drive of the part through the heat carrier itself possible, so that an expensive non-positive mechanical Coupling is unnecessary.

0011Further expedient refinements arise from further dependent claims and from the description.

drawing

0012Several embodiments of the invention are in the Drawing and will be described in more detail below.

0013There, Figs. 1 to 6 schematically possible embodiments an eddy current heating, Figs. 7 to 9 the control and integration of the eddy current heating for various Applications.

description

0014A disc-shaped movable member 10 is executed an axis 18 is moved by a drive 17th The sides of the the movable part 10 are enclosed by an electromagnet 12, which consists of a U-shaped iron core 14 and a arranged in the central portion of coil 13 is composed. electromagnet 12, movable member 10 and the shaft 18 form as structural unit eddy current heating 19. The leg ends the iron core 14 are oriented to the axis 18 towards. The shown in cross-sectional configuration shown in FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 from in such a way that the leg ends the electromagnet 12 is aligned parallel to the axis 18 are and eddy currents in the circular surface of the Part 10 induce. The legs are in the vicinity of the edges of the movable member 10 is arranged.

0015Fig. 3 differs from the Fig. 2 only in that the movable member 10 of a first layer 21 and a second layer 22, wherein the first layer 21 on of the electromagnet 12 facing side of the movable is part 10 housed. The movable member 10 is such as already shown in Fig. 2 in cross section.

0016According to the embodiment of Fig. 4, with respect to the rotational axis of rotation symmetrically constructed movable member 10 shown in cross section and U-shaped. The first layer 21 is like a jacket at the outermost radius of the the movable portion 10 is formed. The U-shaped core of the movable Part 10 forming the second layer 22. Upper and lower end of the movable member 10 moves to enclose a Electromagnet 12th

0017The embodiment of FIG. 5 differs from that of FIG. 4 in that the electromagnets 12 in other Manner are arranged. The two leg ends of the electromagnet 12 are formed to the first layer 21 of the Toward the outer surface oriented.

0018A possible embodiment of the movable member 10 is in Fig. 6 is shown in plan view. In radial proximity to the axis 18 are four relatively large second Breakthroughs 25 provided in off-axis four relatively small area first breakthroughs 24. Furthermore, the material in the circular surface 46 of the apertures 25 poor thermal conductivity, whereby the heat transfer in the direction is reduced to the axis 18th

0019Fig. 7 shows a possible control of the electromagnet 12. One regulation 36 are for this purpose as input a speed 30, an actual temperature 32 and a target temperature 34 supplied. The control 36 is a Spulenansteuersignal 35 to the electromagnet 12 from.

0020The drive 17 in Fig. 8 is a speed of 30 proportional Signal to the control 36 from which also the target temperature 34 is supplied. heated The eddy current heating 19 a circulating heat circuit 40 heat transfer 41st The actual temperature 32 of the heat carrier 41 is tapped and supplied as an input variable of the regulation 36th

0021In FIG. 9 is the integration of the eddy current heating to 19 targeted heating of the drive 17 shown. In turn is the actual temperature 32 of the heat carrier 41 which in itself Heating circuit 40 is, the controller 36 is supplied. As drive-specific Sizes are the speed 30 and a Lambda actual value 43 of the regulation 36 as input variables, as well like a lambda setpoint 45. The scheme 36 shows the eddy current heating 19 the Spulenansteuersignal from 35th

0022The drive of the movable portion 10, the internal combustion engine of the vehicle used. The drive 17 moves either directly or via a belt, the axis 18. The Axis 18 enables the disc-shaped movable member 10 in Rotation. The movable part 10 consists of an electrically / magnetically conductive material; particularly advantageous Although is a particularly good electrically conductive, however, non-magnetic material. come to use, for example, Iron, copper or aluminum. The diameter the executed as a disk movable part is in the Order of 12 cm.

0023In particular, at high speed (greater than 10 m / s) of the the movable part 10 can use a material with medium conductivity such as aluminum advantageous be. Because it formed from lower currents prevent the penetration of the magnetic field in the moving part. This can be the generation of power loss optimize. In addition, the low weight of aluminum the application particularly advantageous in the motor vehicle.

0024The electromagnet 12 is movable relative to the part 10 fixedly disposed. If there is a magnetic field and moves the part 10 relative to the magnetic field be on the rotating part induces eddy currents 10 that directly the warm part tenth Eddy currents generate an axis 18 braking torque. The heat carrier 41 carries the resulting Heat via the heating circuit 40 to obtain selectively either to heat the passenger compartment or the driver 17 of the vehicle. The heat carrier 41 preferably water is used, conceivable in principle but would also air. In the embodiment FIG. 3 is the electromagnet 12 facing first layer 21 of an electrically particularly built highly conductive material such as copper. Thus, the heating power can be due to the lower electrical resistance and the associated higher increasing current at the same magnetic flux. Because the induced voltage in the part 10 is resistive and independent of power supplies and is only of the magnetic flux and the speed of the part 10 intended. As second layer 22 lower conductivity, for example, Iron used, which of the magnetic resistance Circle reduced.

0025To the mechanical strength and the heat output of the arrangement to continue to increase, according to the embodiments any two of Figs. 4 and 5 electromagnets 12 are used, arranged respectively staggered are that the forces exerted on the part 10 in its Resultant cancel. At a circular part 10 this means that the two electromagnets 12 point-symmetrically be arranged with respect to the axis of rotation to one another have to. This one-sided load situations are avoided.

0026In order to prevent the presence on the movable part 10 heat is removed to a large extent about the axis 18 is the second openings 25 are provided near the axle. They serve as heat sinks and prevent the transfer of heat to the axis 18. Through a combination of materials a poorly thermally conductive material 46 near the axis and an electrically highly conductive material in the magnetic field is in good heat generation of the direct heat transfer to Axis 18 is minimized. In the embodiment of FIG. 6 Still other first openings 24 is attached. These so effect resulting inhomogeneity of the movable member 10 a change of the magnetic field for the purpose of be evaluated speed detection of the movable member 10 can. In order for a belt drive of the shaft 18 to slip avoid, in addition to the speed of the drive 17, the determined so Rotational speed of the part 10 required, with the aid of a slip-reducing driving control can be realized can. Serve the same purpose also targeted reinforcements on the part of the 10th

0027For the control 36 of the temperature of the heat carrier 41 as input variables, the rotational speed 30, the actual temperature 32 of the Heat carrier 41 and the target temperature 34 of the regulation 36 supplied. The heat output is proportional to speed of the part 10 and to the magnetic field. From this relationship, 10 may be at a given speed of the part 30, the Setting the magnetic field over the current, the coil 13, flows. Alternatively, can be attached to the coil 13 voltage drop specifically pretend. The drive 17 supplies information that the rotation speed 30 of the part 10 proportional is. A temperature sensor reaches the actual temperature 32 the heat transfer medium 41 from the thermal cycling 40th Other predictors The rule set 36, for example, the Battery voltage into account. An unillustrated Heat exchanger is in connection with the thermal circuit 40 which the passenger compartment air to be supplied in accordance with the heated by the user adjustable setpoint temperature 34th Advantageous If the control / regulation of the heating power linear to the predetermined input data, for example, are set to analog.

0028In another embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is the Eddy current heating 19 of the targeted heating of the drive 17. To this end, the heating circuit 40 in close proximity is to drive 17 is arranged so as to selectively heat the drive 17 can. In the concept of the so-called map-controlled cooling to the drive 17 as independent of load conditions be maintained at a uniform temperature level, For example, even if the drive 17 in overrun is driven. A specific temperature level of the drive 17 is to be a function of a desired Set lambda value 45, of the regulation 36 in addition to the Lambda actual value 34 also serves as an input variable. The Control 36 receives this, appropriate control signals from the control of the drive 17, in the corresponding characteristic fields are deposited between the connection Lambda value, driving load and drive temperature level describe.

0029Other alternative configurations are conceivable. As drive 17 could, for example, the water pump or the Axis of a refrigerant compressor can be used. If the movable Part 10 configured constructively with blades or vanes and flows around water as a heat carrier 41, could the movable member directly through the circulation of the heat carrier 41 driven.

0030Furthermore, it is also possible that the movable member 10 even the functions of water pump takes over and the heat transfer medium 41 circulates.

0031A change of the magnetic field is also a variation the distance magnet - movable member 10 or flooding area of Part 10 is possible with the magnetic field. Appropriate Adjustment (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic) must be provided for.

0032In another alternative, the eddy current heating is 19 to activate by pressing the vehicle brake. Thus the drive 17 is supplied with an additional braking torque.