Data input device for computer systems

Field of the Invention

0001This invention relates generally to computer systems comprising, as a minimum, a computer and a monitor More especially, although not exclusively, the invention concerns systems based on IBM compatible PCs, and relates more specifically to an accessory device for use therewith.

Background to the Invention

0002The general aim of the invention is to simplify the manner in which the user is able to control the software running on a computer, being software conventionally controlled by a keyboard, mouse or joystick, for example.

0003Thus, when some games or draughting (CAD) programs are executed on a computer, the user may be required to press combinations of keys on the keyboard in order to perform certain operations in the game or draughting program. The keyboard, which is designed for typing, is not well suited to pressing various combinations of keys and, in any event, the combinations, which vary considerably from one game or draughting program to another, are not readily remembered. One specific object of the invention is to provide a solution to this problem. However, the invention is not limited to controlling operation of games and draughting programs on the computer; it may alternatively be employed to assist operations to be performed in application programs relating to general business and niche computer fields.

0004Enlarging on the above, it will be well understood that, over recent years, the PC has become an excellent platform for playing games and other forms of leisure software. The advances that have facilitated this relate to improved graphics, sound and processing power, all of which lead to a greater sense of involvement and reality which the player experiences. However, as games themselves have become more complex and more realistic, the means by which the player controls the game have also become more complex. Certain dedicated games controllers have been invented which greatly improve game play. The most useful types are proportional devices, such as joysticks, which allow the player to control movement within the game. In many PC games (and other PC software), however, the keyboard has become a very important means of controlling important aspects of such software. For example, in a flying simulation game, whilst the joystick may control the main action (direction and often speed as well), the keyboard frequently is used for every other form of control, often controlling the views on screen, the engine and navigation controls, etc. These games have grown in complexity to the point where several dozen keyboard commands are frequently needed to control important aspects of the game. To further complicate matters, these keyboard commands are often complex keystroke sequences and combinations. The use of double or even triple simultaneous key-presses is common, as is the use of sequences of two or more keys. Whilst games writers may try to use keys that have some numerical or alphabetic connection with the aspect of the game being controlled, this is often not possible, leaving the player with the task of memorising not only what aspects of the game are amenable to external control, but the exact keyboard commands for achieving the actions needed.

0005The situation has therefore arisen that games, which frequently require a very fast response from the player, are being largely controlled using the PC keyboard. As mentioned above, this is based on the typewriter, which itself was modified very early in its life to slow typists down from the speed at which they could naturally input keystrokes. Thus a fast, modern and realistic games platform (the PC) is being controlled by a device whose layout was designed to slow down the human operator.

0006Alternative control means are also in use, most notable being the mouse. This is undoubtedly a useful input device in many situations, but it does require the user's most accurate hand being removed from its normal action in the software being controlled (be that the keyboard or, more frequently in games, the joystick). This also slows users down.

0007The invention has, for its aims, at least to minimise the following problems: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>the need to learn the controls associated with the software in use</li><li>the need to learn the keyboard sequences needed to initiate each of the controls</li><li>the fact that the keyboard has a large number of keys (typically 105) and that these are not laid out in a fashion intuitive for playing games, and</li><li>the fact that the player's concentration is normally focused on the graphics on the PC screen and the shift of concentration to a non-graphical control interface diminishes the player's visual concentration.</li></ul>

0008The invention further seeks to provide an economical solution to these problems which is simple to set-up and operate, and very economical for users to adapt for virtually any software application that requires user control. In a preferred embodiment, the device in accordance with the invention emulates keyboard controls, but the device could equally well be applied to situations which require other forms of input (e.g. mouse actions), which cause the player to interrupt the main type of control in use.

The Invention

0009According to the invention, in one aspect, there is provided an accessory device for a computer by which instructions can be given to the computer for the control of software running on the computer, the device comprising switching means over which an interchangeable overlay can be inserted into the device, said overlay being marked with switch-operating areas, reading means by which configuration information on an item associated with the software other than the overlay can be read and a port via which switch operations are communicatable to the computer to control the software in accordance with the configuration information.

0010In a preferred embodiment, the device also includes microprocessor means for interpreting the configuration information so that switch operations cause signals to be sent to the computer for control of the software running thereon.

0011Alternatively, however, a supplementary device-communicating program may be provided in the computer, for controlling a main program running on the computer in accordance with switch operation signals sent to the supplementary program by the accessory device. The supplementary program is then required to interpret the configuration information and for this purpose the device may communicate this configuration to the computer or the configuration information or information corresponding thereto may be pre-loaded into the computer.

0012According to another aspect of the invention, therefore, there is provided a computer system comprising a computer and an accessory device, the device comprising a pattern of switches over which an interchangeable overlay can be inserted into the device, said overlay being marked with switch-operating areas and configuration information therefor being marked on an item associated with software to be run on the computer, means being provided for interpretation of the configuration either in the device or in the computer, and a port via which switch operations are communicated to the computer to control the software running on the computer in accordance with the configuration information.

0013When the interpretation means is provided in the device, the latter includes a microprocessor incorporating an algorithm for interpreting the configuration information carried by the overlay. When the interpretation means is provided in the computer, the system includes a device-communicating supplementary program in the computer in addition to or possibly forming part of the main program being run. This supplementary program may include an algorithm for interpreting the configuration information, which information is communicated to it by the accessory device. In a modification, however, the configuration information, or information related thereto, is pre-loaded into the computer for use by the supplementary program.

0014In still another aspect, the invention provides a software package comprising an overlay card for use in a computer accessory device having a switching pattern over which the overlay card is to be received, the overlay card having areas marked with switch-operating information, and a package item bearing machine-readable configuration information indicative of a relationship between the marked areas of the card and signals to be produced, either by the accessory device or a computer to which it is connected, for controlling the running of a particular computer program.

0015In all aspects of the invention, the configuration information carried by the software item, e.g. box, manual, CDROM or configuration card, may be in the form of a readable printed code or number or a code or number in the form of cut-outs, to be read optically or mechanically. However, the configuration information may instead contain the code or number in an electrically or electronically readable form, e.g. magnetic or capacitative information. Most preferably, the configuration information is provided in the form of a bar-code.

0016As distinct from the positions themselves, it may be the movement of the locations of pressure on the switch-operating areas of the overlay card which is translated, by the device itself or by the supplementary program in the computer, into controlling commands or signals for the software being run on the computer.

0017The system may include two or more accessory devices as aforesaid, each for connecting to the computer or to one another with only one for connecting to the computer, so that multiple users are able simultaneously to control the software running on the computer. In such a situation it is not essential that the two or more devices should receive identical overlays, or use identical configuration information, although clearly each overlay and the configuration information associated therewith will be designed to apply to the software which is being controlled.

0018In many cases, the overlay card and the configuration information will be such that application of pressure at a single switch-operating area of the card will result in a software-controlling command which is representative of multiple operations or commands from a conventional input device which the device is emulating, e.g. a single press on the overlay card will correspond to multiple keystrokes on a keyboard.

0019Generally, the switch-operating areas of the overlay card will carry graphical or other command representative markings of the functions of the respective areas. Interchangeable graphical overlays with which the user interacts, either in a stand-alone configuration or as part of a computer system, are in themselves known. In the present invention, however, configuration information is provided which adapts the card for use in controlling a particular software program.

0020It should also be mentioned that, due to the constraints of many IBM compatible PCs and the very many games and other application programs which can be run, it is not always possible directly to make the translated data available at the interface port in a way that deceives the program into reading it as genuine instructing data.

0021According to a further feature of the invention therefore, commands deriving from the switch pattern or matrix in the device are sent back from the data interface port in the computer to the accessory device, where the commands are reflected back to this interface port as if constituting original instructing data from a conventional instructing device which the accessory device is emulating. This is preferably achieved by transmitting the initial signals from the switching means, the translated instructing data and the reflected instructing data with appropriate headers.

0022The switching means in the accessory device and with which the overlay cooperates may be of several types, such as mechanical contacts, including membrane switches, as generally preferred, or capacitative switches. Alternatively, this switching means may take the form of a two-dimensional digitiser type sensor which is sensitive to pressure, as by means of contact between switching layers, such as orthogonally spaced resistive layers. The position of contact can be deduced by potentiometric action in each layer.

0023This creates the possibility of a modification in which the switch matrix is also carried by the overlay card.

0024According to a still further aspect of the invention, therefore, there is provided a software package comprising an overlay card for use in an accessory device for a computer, the overlay card having a switch pattern incorporated, the card being marked with areas for enabling operation of the switches within the pattern, and a package item bearing machine-readable configuration information indicative of a relationship between marked areas of the card and signals to be produced, either by the accessory device itself or by the computer to which the device is connected, for controlling the running of a particular computer program. The invention furthermore relates to an accessory device adapted to receive this modified overlay card and to a computer system in which the accessory device adapted to receive the modified overlay card is connected.

0025Finally, in accordance with a further feature of the invention, there exists the possibility of providing the accessory device with a device capable of reading configuration information which is optionally provided either on the overlay or on the separate item associated with the software.

0026According to this further feature of the invention, there is provided an accessory device for a computer by which instructions can be given to the computer for the control of software running on the computer, the device comprising switching means over which an interchangeable overlay can be inserted into the device, said overlay being marked with switch-operating areas, a light pen attached by cable to the device and by which configuration information, preferably in the form of a bar-code, provided either on the overlay or on a separate item associated with the software, can be read and a port via which switch operations are communicatable to the computer to control the software in accordance with the configuration information.

Description of Drawings

0027The invention, in a preferred embodiment, is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none"><li>Figure 1 shows a system equipped with the accessory device, in diagrammatic manner;</li><li>Figure 2 shows an example of the accessory device, in pictorial manner;</li><li>Figure 3 is a diagrammatic side elevational view of a preferred device;</li><li>Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of the preferred device;</li><li>Figure 5 shows an exemplary overlay card;</li><li>Figure 6 shows PC-Dash key numbering, for assisting understanding the operation of the device; and</li><li>Figures 7A to 7D show some examples of software pack items bearing configuration information in the form of a bar-code.</li></ul>

Description of Embodiments

0028For convenience, in the following description, the accessory device of the invention is referred to as PC-Dash.

0029Referring to Figure 1, the computer 10 is equipped with monitor 12, keyboard 14 and joystick 16. However, the keyboard 14 and joystick 16 connect to the computer via PC-Dash 18.

0030PC-Dash 18 includes a processor 20, switching means 22 and I/O ports 24. Although the drawing shows two, there may be only one output port 24 connecting to the computer, usually but not necessarily to the keyboard port of the computer or USB port of a computer.

0031In use, during the running of an application program such as a game or draughting program controllable by means of the keyboard 14 and joystick 16, the switching means 22 can be operated to simulate, modify, replace or add to instructions being forwarded from the keyboard and joystick to the computer, appropriate to the particular application being run on the computer.

0032PC-Dash 18 is reconfigurable so that, according to the application being run on the computer 10, the switching means 22 performs different functions.

0033In the pictorial example of PC-Dash 18 shown in Figure 2, an overlay card 26 carries the switching means 22, which may be in the form of a digitiser-type sensor as hereinbefore mentioned. The casing of PC-Dash provides for substitution of different overlay cards appropriate to different games or other application programs being run on the computer. The illustrated card 26 is suited to one game, and has switches which can be appropriately configured and associated graphic legends arranged accordingly. PC-Dash also includes non-substitutable control switches 28. It should be made clear, however, that in a preferred device later described with reference to Figure 3, the switching means such as 22 is provided on the device 18 itself, in which case the cards 26 are simply printed overlays and separate means may be provided carrying the reconfiguration data.

0034Overlay cards may be substitutable beneath an openable lid of the casing of PC-Dash and a hinged latch secures the card in position, thereby establishing all necessary electrical connections between electrical components within the casing, including the processor and I/O ports, and the switches provided on the card.

0035As explained in more detail hereinafter, an item associated with the software to be run on the machine (other than the overlay card) may bear data read by a card reader (not shown but as hereinafter also explained), so that when the card is inserted, corresponding switches in different cards may perform different functions in the running of different applications. The data read by the card reader are fed to the processor 20 within PC-Dash so that the appropriate functions, which determine the instructions sent to the computer running the application, may be recalled from a memory associated with the processor. Alternatively, however, the software-associated item covers all the information required for reconfiguration, and not simply a code which recalls a predefined reconfiguration from memory.

0036As far as use continues to be made for some purposes of the keyboard and/or joystick, the device may serve to transmit these instructions to the computer unchanged, or it may act to modify these instructions to suit the program which is being run.

0037A preferred form of PC-Dash is shown in Figure 3.

0038The device itself consists of a main cabinet 30, with a hinged lid 32 in which there is a large aperture; the cabinet is approximately 330 x 240 x 40 mm in size (this size being chosen to allow the cards to fit easily within a standard software retail pack), with the lid aperture being approximately 220 x 150 mm. On the top surface of the cabinet, in the area revealed by the aperture in the lid, there is a touch-sensitive membrane 34; in operation, interchangeable overlay 36 is located beneath the lid 32, on top of the membrane.

0039Attached by a short cable to the cabinet is an optical bar-code reading device in the form of a light pen 38. The cabinet has a small aperture through which the top section of the overlay protrudes into the body of the main cabinet. Either the underside of the overlay, or an item in a software pack containing the software to be run on the computer, is printed with markings making up a bar-code, across which the light pen 38 can be moved by the user. If provided on the underside of the overlay the bar-code would be read before insertion of the overlay into the cabinet.

0040The main cabinet also has mounted on it (on the side) a connector into which the lead from the keyboard plugs; emanating from a hole in the side of the cabinet is a lead which terminates in a connector which plugs into the PC's keyboard socket.

0041In addition to the switch membrane 34, the device has nine other control buttons not covered by the overlay, which can also be configured by the data in a bar-code to generate any desired command.

0042PC-Dash draws all its electrical power from the PC (in this case the keyboard port), and this is also used to power the keyboard (if attached).

0043Referring to Figure 4, the main functional blocks are the PC interface 42, the keyboard interface 44, the bar-code reading electronics 46, the switch membrane interface 48 and the microprocessor 50 with its associated components.

0044The PC keyboard interface 42 is well defined for IBM-compatible PCs, and will not be described in detail here. The switch membrane 48 in this case acts simply like a 7 x 5 array of normally-open switches, and this array is read by the well-established key-matrix scanning technique. The microprocessor 50 in the preferred embodiment is an 80C52 (or equivalent) microcontroller, with 8k bytes of mask ROM and 256 bytes of internal RAM, plus a further 8k bytes of external RAM.

0045The bar-code reading electronics 46 consists of an LED and photodetector which is connected to an amplifier and analog-to-digital converter. The LED, photodetector and amplifier are located within the light pen 38 and the analog-to-digital converter is located inside the main cabinet in the same electronic assembly as the microprocessor. In the light pen the LED is positioned next to the photodiode, facing away from the photodiode, towards two small holes one in front of the other, which act as a focusing device, causing only a small area of the target surface to be illuminated.

0046The amount of light detected is proportional to the electrical current generated by the photo-detector, which is related to the colour of the overlay at that point; this electrical signal is amplified and fed to the microprocessor through the analog-to-digital converter. The bar-code electronics also includes a switch which is pressed by the user prior to scanning the bar-code to indicate the start of scanning the bar-code.

0047When PC-Dash is first attached to the computer, it behaves like an ordinary keyboard, except that it has only 44 keys, each of the keys producing an effect identical to the pressing of a key on the keyboard when pressed.

0048The bar-code is scanned using the light pen 38, and the overlay 36 is placed in the device as described above. The algorithm contained within the microprocessor ROM is used by the microprocessor to decode the configuration data from the bar-code, and once the microprocessor has decided the bar-code data, pressure on the switch membrane will result in the transmission of a string of simulated keyboard keystrokes, as defined by the data in the bar-code.

0049Figure 5 shows an exemplary overlay card 36, including the bar-code 36A on the back. The overall size of the card is 226 mm wide by 179 mm high. A border of 4 mm at the bottom and each side of the card is hidden by the lid 32. The main area of the card is a rectangular matrix or array of thirty-five switches, the dimensions of the switches from the card edges being given in Figure 5.

0050Non-substitute control switches on PC-Dash may, as shown in Figure 6, consist of:- <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>* main fire button (bottom centre) - key 49</li><li>* second fire button (just above the direction pad) - key 48</li><li>* 8 direction key pad - keys 40 to 47</li><li>* 3 "function modifier" switches with individual LEDs - keys 50, 51, 52.</li></ul>

0051All switches may be programmed for:- <ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>* key sequence on key-press (eg [Alt][R])</li><li>* key sequence on key release</li><li>* key sequence repeated during key-down (ie auto-repeat) eg + + + + + +</li><li>* key sequence toggle (each time it is pressed the next sequence is issued, (eg [1][2][3] ...[1],[2] ... etc)</li><li>* main keypad area only may also have up to 4 different actions programmed, normal and with 1st, 2nd or 3rd function modifier ("shift") keys pressed. If this feature is used, the shift keys must not be assigned their own key sequences.</li></ul>

0052The total number of keystrokes that can be programmed using a bar-code is limited to about 120 (where [shift][key] or [ctr][key] would each count as 2 keys). Use of function modifier keys reduces this by about 1 character for each use.

0053Operation and use of PC-Dash will now be described in more detail.

0054In normal operation, after PC-Dash has read data off the bar-code, for example on the back of the overlay before insertion of the latter into the machine, it behaves exactly as if it were a keyboard, except it can issue complex strings of keystrokes at a single key press.

0055PC-Dash can be enabled with other ways of working; e.g. when the programming information itself is too complex to fit onto a bar-code. The way PC-Dash works under these circumstances depends upon the operating system:-

In DOS

0056The software places the PC-Dash files in special directories and loads a small program (a TSR) which must be invoked with the game-file name to work. This may be done in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file or later before the game is run.

In Windows 3.1

0057The software changes the setup in a number of ways:- <ul id="ul0005" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>it loads the PC-Dash files in special directories</li><li>it creates a special "loader" program in the START group which automatically loads the last configuration when Windows is booted</li><li>it creates a special program group for the PC-Dash programming interface which allows fully interactive programming of PC-Dash</li><li>and finally it replaces the current keyboard driver with a special driver.</li></ul>

In Win95

0058The software changes the setup in the following ways:- <ul id="ul0006" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>it loads the PC-Dash files in special directories</li><li>it creates an auto-loader which loads the last-used configuration on boot</li><li>it allows re-mapping of the keyboard through the hardware abstraction layer.</li></ul>

0059In order to give a simplified overview of the operation of PC-Dash the operating process is depicted in Table A appended hereto.

0060In all modes the PC-Dash behaves completely transparently to data strings to and from the keyboard. Instructions from the PC intended for the PC-Dash are identified by the appropriate header. When not in use the unit may therefore be left connected and stored next to the PC.

0061"Alpha" mode is entered in one of two ways: <ul id="ul0007" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>i) If the first action on PC-Dash after boot-up is to press a key, the system sets itself automatically into this mode, or</li><li>ii) If the unit is set into this mode by a "Set PC-Dash Mode" command from the PC</li></ul> In the latter mode runs the PC-Dash provides a pre-programmed set of simple keystrokes. The shift-keys operate as simple function keys and no shift-pages are available. In this mode it is not possible to distinguish between multiple units on the same keyboard line.

0062"Barcode" mode is initiated by the act of scanning.

0063The light pen is drawn evenly from one end of the bar-code to the other. The result of the scan can then be indicated to the user by beep codes. <dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>One beep</dt><dd>- scan successful, data loaded into memory, unit ready to continue</dd><dt>Two slow beeps</dt><dd>- scan too slow, retry</dd><dt>Two fast beeps</dt><dd>- scan too fast or speed variation too great, retry</dd><dt>Three beeps</dt><dd>- data error, retry</dd></dl>

0064In full data bar-code mode, the bar-code contains all the information necessary to program the keys. PC-Dash responds to key strokes by transmitting the programmed character string.

0065This mode allows the use of multiple PC-Dashes on the same keyboard line, e.g. for multi-player games (providing the actions of each player are governed by unique character strings), or for multi-function games (where for instance in a combat flight game the offensive and navigational sets of functions could be on different sets of cards), or for complex flight simulators (where different cards are supplied for each type of aircraft simulated).

0066Identifier bar-code mode runs when a bar-code is scanned, and the software has been configured (or Win95 or DirectX drivers) to recognise the header (a special identifier byte) in front of default keystrokes. The bar-code on the card only carries data identifying the software package. Once PC-Dash recognises such information, it will respond to keystrokes by transmitting the header followed by the default keystroke. This allows the use of multiple PC-Dashes on the same keyboard line for multi-player games or multi-function games because the header contains device identification information.

0067Where multiple PC-Dashes are used the software is required to establish the ID of each machine at boot.

0068"TSR/Native" mode is a special mode, primarily for use in DOS, in which PC-Dash functions with a supplied TSR program which allows the functions specified for each switch to be defined and changed directly from the PC. The PC-Dash is put into this mode by using the "Set PC-Dash Mode" command. Thereafter it transmits all the switch IDs preceded by an identifier string which also contains a Device ID (thus allowing multiple units to work together).

0069PC-Dash can operate in two ways in this mode.

0070When operating under TSR operation PC-Dash only requires a "look-up" table of the functions specific to the game. This is loaded by the TSR which then takes the switch ID and uses a special table to generate the character string to be associated with that key, and this is transmitted back to the PC-Dash, which strips off the header and resends it to the PC where it enters the keyboard buffer.

0071No changes are required to games software in this mode, but the look-up table used by the TSR is complex and is generated by a GUI.

0072When operating in Native mode the PC-Dash transmits the key-press information preceded by the header. This is recognised directly by the software and no further action is required. The software can be enabled to support multiple PC-Dashes using the Device ID.

0073The key identities are the hexadecimal equivalents of the key numbers used in the ASCII file for generating bar-codes.

0074The keys on PC-Dash can be programmed to generate complex character strings on key-down and/or key-up using the simple form below. The bar-code compiler is not case sensitive, so capitals are defined using the "shift" key. Everything on that line following a semi-colon is ignored to allow for easy documentation.

0075Each key is defined by a text string containing specific parameters. The simplest form is shown in the table below:- <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Generic form</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Specific example</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">key n</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">key 5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">mode</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">normal</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">u v key-descriptor</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1 1a</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables> where, <dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>n</dt><dd>is the number of the key. PC-Dash has key numbers 0 to 52 which are assigned as shown in Figure 6. The numbering sequence is not continuous, but is as shown in the drawing of Figure 6. If keys are not programmed they are omitted from the sequence, but all keys programmed are listed in the text file in ascending order. If more than one key is assigned to a single function, all keys so assigned are individually defined.</dd></dl>

0076Mode is the mode of operation of the key and can be one of the following types: <dl id="dl0003" compact="compact"><dt>normal</dt><dd>- a single character, or character string, is sent just as a normal keyboard character would be sent</dd><dt>Typematic</dt><dd>- a character, or a character string, is sent repeatedly as long as the key is held down (just as a typematic keyboard character would be sent)</dd><dt>switch</dt><dd>- this toggles through a list of characters or character strings. The first press sends string 1, the second press sends string 2, etc. When the list has been completed the next press sends string 1.</dd><dt>Nrelease</dt><dd>- allows the use of different characters or character strings for PC-Dash key-down and key-up.</dd></dl>

0077In cases where the text file must contain a number of options for a key-press, the word "break" in the text file is used to identify the end of one option and beginning of the next.

0078u and v are controls which determine the precise key-down, key-up sequence according to Table B appended hereto.

0079key-descriptor is a character or character string giving a unique description of every key on the keyboard.

0080When multiple shift pages are programmed in the download mode, each shift page is saved as a separate file without the header and downloaded to the specific page using the controls in program.

0081A delay programming protocol enables the user to set PC-Dash to transmit normal keyboard key-down and key-up codes in response to a single PC-Dash key-up or key-down. For many PCs the transmission of key-down/key-up strings in such close proximity will result in an error. To alleviate this problem, PC-Dash can be programmed to insert a delay between the key-down and key-up strings by invoking the DELAY key function.

0082In the foregoing description, reference is primarily made to location of the bar-code on the overlay but, when a light pen is used to scan the bar-code, it is apparent that the bar-code could be located on any suitable item associated with the software pack containing the software to be run on the computer.

0083Figures 7A to 7D show some possible examples of software pack items, other than the overlay, on which the bar-code may be provided.

0084Figure 7A shows the box 60 of a software pack, where the bar-code 60A is printed on the side of the box.

0085In Figure 7B, a CMROM 62 is shown bearing the bar-code 62A.

0086Figure 7C shows part of a software manual 64 open at a page bearing the bar-code 64A.

0087Finally, Figure 7D shows a specially designed configuration card 66 for incorporation in the software pack, bearing the bar-code 66A. Such a card, instead of being read by a light pen, might be insertable into the machine to be read by a scanner incorporated into the machine, for example before the overlay card is inserted. <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><img file="EP0915411A2_D0001.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE B</title><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">mode</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">PC-Dash key-down</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">PC-Dash key-up</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="4" rowsep="1" align="center">normal</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">if u=1.</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">if v=1.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">   a PC-kbd. key-down is generated</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">   a pc-kbd. key-up is generated</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">if u=0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">if v=0.</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">   a PC-kbd. key-up is generated</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">   nothing is generated</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">v is ignored</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">u is ignored</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">typematic</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">as above</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">as above</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">switch</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">as above</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">as above</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" rowsep="1" align="center">n-release</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">if u=1.</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">if u=1.</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">   a PC-kbd. key-down is generated</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">   a PC-kbd. key-down is generated</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="2" rowsep="1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">if u=0,</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">if u=0,</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">   a PC-kbd. key-up is generated</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">   a PC-kbd. key-up is generated</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">v is ignored</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">v is ignored</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>