Crushing device with a preadjustable container volume

The invention relates to a shredding device with a container for receiving the to be crushed Good and therein circumferentially spaced blades and with a working space of the container occlusive, designed as a cover piston, the working chamber over the the bottom of the container movable piston is reduced in size.

A crushing device having the above-mentioned Features is described in EP 0628350 A1. As to in the introduction of generic document is executed, Such comminution devices especially in Laboratories for various applications needed. In various materials occur here Difficulties because the good example of the knife is thrown instead of cut, because the Good the knife taken place is cut, or because of any other reason, the consistency of the Good flawless crushing and not mixing permits. This is especially true when fibrous, flaky or strip-shaped materials with low specific weight and in dry conditions. For this purpose, see the known crushing device before, that the diameter of the at a from the top Container forth in the container insertable drive is held, so that the knife with the lowering its drive in the container to be crushed the Good passes through, a container-occlusive Piston than cover the penetration movement of the knife in the container follows spring assisted.

With. this solution is associated the disadvantage that the apparatus required for such Crushing device is very high because the Drive for the knife is movable; remains in Disadvantageously, the handling of these Crushing device consuming because after Changing the container or refilling with material to be ground first, the knife drive must be re-established.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a Comminution device of the type mentioned to provide that constructive in their Training and in their handling is easier.

The achievement of this object, including advantageous embodiments and further developments of the Invention from the terms of the claims, which this description are adjusted.

The invention provides in its basic idea that the Pistons be a continuous sinking into the Working chamber of the container toward the at its Soil disposed knife effecting weight , and in that the one of the height of the container between the knife plane and the upper edge of the Container corresponding axial extension having Piston means at its outer surface arranged in a Arretierungsgestaltungen is predetermined end position fixable. With the Invention involves the advantage that the Crushing device has a simple structure, because the knife stationary arranged on the bottom of the container and the reduction of the working area and thus the Improve the cutting action of the knife alone by its own weight in the Container einsinkenden, acting as a cover piston is reached. Due to the external on the outer surface the piston provided Arretierungsgestaltungen can fixes the end position of the piston in the container and be preset. Thus, it is not only possible, depending on the material to be comminuted, the define the best possible container volume, it is also possible in a simple manner, during the comminution different samples of the same, a good reproducible ratio of Gutvolumen to adjust dead volume. By its own weight the cover also allows a pre-compressing the to comminuted.

From DE-PS 164 471 is an automatic Sicherheitsfüllvorrichtung for Meat cutting machines known that one of the cutting machine arranged mounted cylinder with a fact has two part piston, by virtue of its Weight for a tracking of the meat mixture in the Subordinated cutting machine makes.

In a process described in DE 82 00 710 U1 Device made for crushing pieces of waste Polystyrene, it has become known, the manually pressure actuated and acts as a piston container lid associate within the device stops to when pressing in the lid which contacts the to prevent rotating blades.

According to a first embodiment of the invention the piston has a Arretierungsgestaltung more with axially spaced-apart circumferential Locking grooves for receiving an over the upper edge of the Container protruding O-ring on. This is in very simple manner possible, by the positioning of O-ring in one of the lock grooves, the desired determine penetration of the piston into the container, so that a working space of a predetermined size even results.

Alternatively, to achieve the same purpose be provided that the piston outer to its Lateral surface comprises a steel ring and on the Outside of the container an arbitrarily positionable enclosing adjustment with on its container attached inside permanent magnets arranged is.

Over those described in the embodiments Arretierungsgestaltungen also useful as Arretierungsgestaltungen the purposes of the invention, all Configurations, the default setting of an end position allow for the einsinkbaren piston. As a security to a touch of the knife by the descending piston is for a Embodiment of the invention provided that the A piston inner diameter at its upper edge the container having superior bead; is thus a maximum penetration depth and position of the piston in the container is ensured.

For the comminution of particularly dusty Material can be provided that between the outer Surface of the piston and the inner wall of Container a sliding seal is disposed; Preferably, the sliding seal of the same formed material as the piston itself.

With regard to the training of the vessel or Knife assembly may be initially provided that the Container on a the blade drive housing containing placed and by means of a groove / spring arrangement at the Housing against rotating securable; this can the container has a nose and a housing have corresponding groove, so that the container always in the same position in the housing can be used.

It can further be provided that the container at its bottom a centrally arranged, in the Working space of the container protruding sleeve for enclosing receiving the drive shaft of and a knife drive having on its outer face the knife-bearing diameter cylinder sleeve across be placed on the sleeve and on the inside With. the project through the sleeve shaft is lockable.

With regard to the training of the knife can be provided be that the knife as a the knife cylinder spirally enclosing with axial offset Spiral blade is formed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the Piston radially from its outer surface inside into the working space of the container leading be formed overflow. As far as the Crushing device namely material with a high liquid portion to be crushed carried out in particular at the beginning of Shredding process, a release of Liquid content, so that the danger exists that at a high degree of filling of the container due to the applied by the sinking of the piston Pressure force the liquid in the gap between the outer surface of the piston and the inner wall of the container rises up and over the upper edge of the container from leaking outside. With the inventive design is this disadvantageous Effect avoided since the ascending Liquid shares on the transfer channels in the piston again returned into the working space of the container will. This automatic backflow of improve liquid shares, can Overflow an inwardly inclined bottom surface exhibit.

It can be provided that the piston is made of a Lower piston part and a subsequent means of webs supported the upper piston part, wherein the intermediate Piston skirt and piston top existing Gap forming the transfer channels, which in one development, the webs extending radially as Partitions between formed by them in the flask Overflow chambers may be formed.

In order also in the region of the webs any eventual to avoid capillary action, can be provided that the webs against the outer surface of the Piston forming a distance to offset inner wall of the container radially inwardly are.

In the drawing, embodiments are the Invention reproduced, which described are; show it<dl tsize="6"><dt>Fig. 1</dt><dd>a container of a shredding device in section in a first embodiment;</dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>another embodiment of the container in a diagrammatic view;</dd><dt>Fig. 3</dt><dd>the object of FIG 2 in section.</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>a further embodiment of the container in Section as shown in Figures 1 and 3; </dd><dt>Fig. 5</dt><dd>the piston according to Figure 4 in Side View,</dd><dt>Fig. 6</dt><dd>the piston according to Figure 5 in a diagrammatic view.</dd></dl>

The apparent from Fig. 1, container 10 for a Crushing device consists for example of Borosilicate glass and has on its outside a Handle 11 and a centering projection 12, which in the housing of the unillustrated Comminution device has a groove for centering Receiving the centering projection 12 and thus to Orientation of the container 10 relative to the housing assigned. The container 10 has at its bottom one in the working chamber 25 of the container 10 protruding central sleeve 13 to enclosing a receptacle of the housing of Crushing device outgoing and also not shown drive shaft for the blade is established. is on the sleeve 13 of the container 10 a knife cylinder 14 turned up on its Outside as a spiral blade with axial offset formed blade 15 is mounted, wherein the Diameter cylinder 14 with a locking shoulder 16 in the interior of the sleeve 13 extends, so that in a no way shown to lock the Diameter cylinder 14 manufactured with the drive shaft is. The working space 25 of the container is therefore through the annular space between the sleeve 13 and the Outer wall of the container 10 in its diametrical Extension defined.

At its top is on the container, a piston 17 placed, the said annulus-like working space 25 and einsinkbar adapted into the interior of the container 10 is, the piston 17, the sleeve 13 engages.

On its outer surface, the piston 17 with axially spaced locking grooves 18 provided, in each of which an O-ring 19 is inserted, via the the upper edge of the container 10 protrudes. In that in Fig. 1 is the position shown O-ring 19 in the uppermost locking groove 18 inserted. In addition to this is the Piston 17 at its upper edge with a bead 20 provided that the upper edge of the container 10 surmounted so that therefore a Endlagensicherung for optionally sinking of the piston 17 in the container 10 is, for example, when the O-ring 19 accidentally not has been set up, or with the should have pushed vessel 10th This end position is. dimensioned such that the foot of the piston 17 the Rotating knives unaffected.

The flask, which is preferably made of a sterilizable Plastic, such as PVDF, PEEK, PSU consists, has such a weight that the piston by inserting into the container 10 depending on the nature the material to be comminuted precompressed this or but the during the crushing process rotating blades 15 supplies, to its by the Altitude of the O-ring 19 in an associated locking groove 18 on the outer circumferential surface of the piston 17 predetermined position is reached.

As not shown, can be between the outer Surface of the piston and the inner wall of Housing 10 for crushing difficult, particularly dusty materials a sliding seal be provided, which are preferably the same from the Material as the piston itself is.

As an alternative to that shown in Fig. 1 shown Arretierungsgestaltung, according to the Figure 2 and in the 3 illustrated embodiments of the piston its outer surface a retracted Steel ring 21, said on the outside of the Container 10 an adjustment 22 can be attached and in is its altitude displaced, which on its the container 10 surrounding inner surface more Permanent magnets 23, such that depending on the predetermined altitude the adjusting ring 22 on the Container 10 of the piston 17 in its Einsinkbewegung in the container 10 is reached by the Adjusting 22 predetermined position by the Interaction of the permanent magnet 23 with the Steel ring 21 of the piston is set 17th

In the illustrated in Figures 4 to 6 Embodiment, the piston 17 characterized modified such that in the piston radially from its outer surface inwardly into the working space 25 of the container 10 leading overflow 30 are formed. When shredding in particular biological materials with high Water content such as fruits, potatoes or the like with correspondingly high speeds, it comes at the beginning of crushing to a release the high liquid portion to be crushed the Materials before a mash of the forming liquid components and solid components can. The liquid portion is rotated through at high speeds effective centrifugal forces a hollow cylinder on the tank wall, and in particular at a higher degree of filling of the Container, the upward pressure forces the rotating liquid hollow cylinder so great be that in connection with the capillarity of the Sealing gap between the outer surface of the Piston 17 and the inner wall of the container 10, the rising liquid portions upwards and at the top Container edge emerge. This effect is now being in the embodiment of FIGS 4 to the 6 realized overflow 30 in the piston 17 avoided because the in the sealing gap between the piston 17 and tank 10 to surge up liquid again inwardly into the working space 25 of the container 10 is returned.

In the illustrated embodiment, consists of Piston 17 from a lower piston part 32 and a subsequent by webs 34 supported piston top 33, wherein the webs 34 extending radially as partitions are formed so that the area in Gap 35 between lower piston part 32 and Piston upper part 33 lying between them Overflow chambers arise. The outwardly facing end of the ridges 34 is towards the inner wall of Container 10 by a small amount inside displaced, therefore also in the thus specified Wall area of ​​the piston 17 no capillary with a reconciliation of the liquid shares up may occur. The bottom surface 31 of the transfer channels 30 is inclined inward, so that in the Overflow 30 incoming liquid better flows.

The in the above description, the Claims, abstract and drawings disclosed features of the subject matter of these documents may individually or in any combination each other for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments be essential.