Ester based lubricating oil and the use of metal dissolution inhibitors in the same
Abstract
The lubricating oil comprises 80-99 wt.% synthetic and/or natural carboxylic acid esters, an additive to improve the viscosity, antioxidant, especially based on sterically hindered phenols and amines, foam inhibitor, detergent, dispersant, demulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, and antiwear additive, and also an additive, preferably in an amount of 0.01-0.5 wt.%, of an inhibitor against chemical elimination and/or extraction of tin, copper or iron, especially lead alloys.

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7 claims: 7 independent, 0 dependent
- 1Lubricating oil for machines, in particular for internal combustion engines, with spark and / or positive ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. With a content of 80 wt.% to 99 wt.% artificial and / or natural carboxylic acid esters, an additive to improve the viscosity behavior, antioxidants, especially based on sterically hindered phenols and amines, foam inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, demulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, Wear protection, characterized in that there is an additive, preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, an inhibitor against chemical extraction and / or extraction of tin, copper and iron, in particular lead from alloys, preferably bearing alloys and cage alloys. Schmieröl für Maschinen, insbesondere für Verbrennungsmotoren, mit Fremd- und/oder Eigenzündung, hydraulische Motoren od. dgl. mit einem Gehalt von 80 Gew.-% bis 99 Gew.-% künstlichen und/oder natürlichen Carbonsäureestern, einem Zusatz zur Verbesserung des Viskositätsverhaltens, Antioxidantien, insbesondere auf Basis sterisch gehinderten Phenolen und Aminen, Schaumbremsern, Detergenzien, Dispergiermitteln, Demulgatoren, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Verschleißschutz, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen Zusatz, von vorzugsweise 0,01 Gew.-% bis 0,5 Gew.-%, eines Inhibitors gegen chemisches Herauslösen und/oder Extrahieren von Zinn, Kupfer r und Eisen, insbesondere Blei aus Legierungen, vorzugsweise Lagerlegierungen und Käfiglegierungen, aufweist.
- 2Lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive has a gallic acid ester of the following formula or consists thereof where R is a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, octyl and dodecyl radical. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zusatz einen Gallussäureester folgender r Formel aufweist oder daraus besteht wobei R ein Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl-, Octyl- und Dodecylrest bedeutet.
- 5Use of a gallic acid ester with the following general composition where R is a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, octyl and dodecyl radical, in particular in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.5 % By weight, as an inhibitor against tin, copper - and iron, in particular lead absorption for a lubricating oil with 80% by weight to 99% by weight with artificial and / or natural carboxylic acid esters for machines, in particular internal combustion engines Spark and / or auto ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. Verwendung eines Gallussäureesters mit folgender allgemeiner Zusammensetzung wobei R ein Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl-, Octyl- und Dodecylrest bedeutet, insbesondere in einer Menge von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 0,5 Gew.-%, als Inhibitor gegen Zinn-, Kupfer- - und Eisen-, insbesondere Bleiaufnahme für r ein Schmieröl mit 80 Gew.-% bis 99 Gew.-% mit künstlichen und/oder natürlichen Carbonsäureestern für Maschinen, insbesondere Verbrennungsmaschinen, mit Fremd- und/oder Eigenzündung, hydraulische Motoren od. dgl.
- 6Use of a phenothiazine, in particular in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, as an inhibitor against lead absorption for a lubricating oil with 80% by weight to 99% by weight with artificial and / or natural Carboxylic acid esters for machines, in particular internal combustion engines, with spark and / or auto-ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. Verwendung eines Phenothiazins, insbesondere in einer Menge von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 0,5 Gew.-%, als Inhibitor gegen Bleiaufnahme für ein Schmieröl mit 80 Gew.-% bis 99 Gew.-% mit künstlichen und/oder natürlichen Carbonsäureestern für Maschinen, insbesondere Verbrennungsmaschinen, mit Fremd- und/oder Eigenzündung, hydraulische Motoren od. dgl.
- 7Use of a phenoxazine, in particular in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, as an inhibitor against lead absorption for a lubricating oil with 80% by weight to 99% by weight with artificial and / or natural Carboxylic acid esters for machines, in particular internal combustion engines, with spark and / or auto-ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. Verwendung eines Phenoxazins, insbesondere in einer Menge von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 0,5 Gew.-%, als Inhibitor gegen Bleiaufnahme für ein Schmieröl mit 80 Gew.-% bis 99 Gew.-% mit künstlichen und/oder natürlichen Carbonsäureestern für Maschinen, insbesondere Verbrennungsmaschinen, mit Fremd- und/oder Eigenzündung, hydraulische Motoren od. dgl.
Independent claims7
127 paragraphs in 8 sections, as filed
The subject of the invention is a lubricating oil and inhibitors against the uptake of metals therein.
Lubricating oils usually have a viscosity of 10 to 1,500 mm at working temperature<sup>2</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup> and should reduce the sliding but also rolling friction between metallic and / or ceramic materials. In addition to this task, for example in the case of engine oils, the oil film remaining in the combustion chamber should burn as residue-free as possible. For this it is necessary, on the one hand, that the oil film has a particularly small layer thickness in order to keep the oil consumption as low as possible and, on the other hand, that oxygen atoms are built into the oil molecules in order to ensure residue-free combustion, so that no additional undesirable particle emission is present in the exhaust gases from the engine. Furthermore, it is desirable that impurities which are separated in the machine elements, in particular the bearings, are dispersed from the engine oil, so that the functionality of the machine elements is ensured.
It is particularly important that the lubricating oils have a viscosity that is as constant as possible over a wide temperature range, so that on the one hand there is no greater resistance when moving the machine elements even at lower temperatures and on the other hand a too thin film of the lubricating oil is avoided at high temperatures, for which additives be used so that the desired lubricating effect is ensured. Furthermore, additives are known in lubricating oils which are intended to avoid or at least reduce the corrosion of steel components but also aluminum, as is used for the pistons.
Although mineral lubricating oils are also subject to degradation in nature by microorganisms, there is a desire to replace the mineral lubricating oils with natural and / or artificial carboxylic acid esters. These lubricating oils have various advantages. A largely residue-free combustion of these compounds in an internal combustion engine, whether with spark ignition or self-ignition, is promoted due to the oxygen atoms in the molecule. Furthermore, the viscosity of the basic substance can be controlled particularly simply by selecting the organic carboxylic acids and the alcohols. Known additives can additionally influence the viscosity behavior over wide temperature ranges as well as the corrosion behavior.
Another advantage of the esters is that the ester bond of microorganisms can be broken much more easily than the carbon-carbon bond of n- or iso-hydrocarbons. Special attention is paid to this easier microbiological degradability, since with an exponentially increasing number of vehicles, even with better engines, hydraulic motors and the like. the like seen absolutely there is a risk that larger amounts of such lubricating oils, be it due to accidents, leaky crankcases and. Like. get to the environment.
In road vehicles, there is the further disadvantage that in the event of precipitation, these lubricating oils are washed off the road and reach the sewage treatment plants via the sewer system, where they can be responsible for long-term pollution.
Carboxylic acid ester oils were initially used for aircraft turbines and have already replaced conventional mineral oils there, since the oil change times could be extended to engine overhaul times. Carboxylic acid ester oils are usually made of dicarboxylic acids and the like. between sebacic, adipic and azelaic acid. The alcohols obtained by oxosynthesis or aldol condensation are preferably used as alcohols. Corresponding carboxylic acid ester oils are described, for example, in EP 0 264 842 A2 or US 5,057,247 A.
Unpublished studies by OMV AG Austria have now surprisingly shown that there is an increased content of lead, but also tin, copper and iron, in used carboxylic acid ester oils. These investigations could initially be interpreted to mean that the large amounts of lead found in the lubricant are due to the extraction of lead deposits that were present in the engine due to the lead-containing fuel. Regardless of this, an increase in the lead content in the lubricating oil was also found in internal combustion engines that were not operated with a lead-containing fuel. Studies have now shown that the bearing metals, which, as is known, contain lead, but also the cages of ball bearings, which also contain lead, are attacked by the ester oils. Such an attack, be it through complex dissolution of the metals, in particular the lead or chemical dissolution of the same, is of subordinate importance for the inventory of the bearing metals or the like, however, this results again and therefore not via the fuel but via a microbiologically easy one degradable lubricating oil lead and other metals in the environment.
The present invention has for its object to provide a lubricating oil which has only the lowest absorption capacity for tin, copper, iron, in particular for lead and / or their compounds at room temperature as well as elevated temperatures, which, including the additives, is rapidly biodegradable and does not represent an additional biological burden on the environment. Furthermore, the additions which increase the absorption of the metals or prevent their connections in the engine oil, do not adversely affect the viscosity behavior of the lubricating oil, and in hydraulic oils, which serve both as a working medium and as a lubricating oil, do not impair the water and air separation behavior.
The lubricating oil according to the invention for machines, in particular for internal combustion engines, with spark and / or positive ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. With a content of 80 wt.% to 99 wt.% artificial and / or natural carboxylic acid esters, an additive to improve the viscosity behavior, antioxidants, especially based on sterically hindered phenols and amines, foam inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, demulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, Wear protection essentially consists in the fact that there is an additive, preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, an inhibitor against chemical extraction and / or extraction of tin, copper, iron and in particular lead, from alloys, preferably bearing alloys and cage alloys.
It was quite surprising that an inhibitor can be added to a lubricating oil, which inhibits the chemical or physical extraction of lead and at the same time tin, iron and copper, without causing a deterioration in the property profile of the lubricating oil. As is known, although extremely soft, lead and copper are particularly chemically resistant metals. Lead and copper are particularly high up in the electrochemical voltage series, which indicates chemical resistance. It was now quite surprising that chemical substances are present which can prevent physical or chemical extraction of lead, but also copper, tin and iron, and are also effective in the smallest amounts, the protection of these inhibitors preferably being relatively small Concentration amounts works. The mechanism of action is not known per se, but there is a possibility that a kind of protective film, for. B. a complex. Like. Is formed, which acts against the extraction or chemical dissolution of the metals in the metallic alloy.
If the additive is present or it has a gallic acid ester of the following formula<chemistry id="chem0001" num="0001"><img file="EP0877074A2_D0001.tif" /></chemistry> where R is a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, octyl and dodecyl radical, there is a particularly effective inhibitor which at the same time has low biological toxicity and is also particularly easy to decompose oxidatively and therefore does not cause any additional particles in the exhaust gas. Gallic acid esters are known as oxidation inhibitors for pharmaceuticals, and it was quite surprising that these substances on the one hand absorbed lead or Prevent copper, tin and iron and their compounds in a carbonic ester oil and at the same time do not delay quantitative oxidation of the oil film remaining in an internal combustion engine, insofar as it is oxidatively attacked; although water and air separation behavior are usually impaired by polar additives, no negative change in the property profile could be found, and furthermore no additional deposits were necessary.
The additive for the lubricating oil can consist of phenothiazine or have such an additive, phenothiazine also being known as an oxidation inhibitor and it was again surprising that such a substance could cause the extraction or can prevent the chemical dissolution of the listed metals from machine components and furthermore does not cause additional particle emissions and does not deteriorate the water and air separation behavior nor does it cause additional deposits.
According to a further feature of the present invention, the additive can consist of or have the same phenoxazine. A phenoxazine is also known as an antioxidant and it was quite surprising that this compound also extracts tin, copper, iron and in particular lead from an alloy or can prevent the chemical dissolution of these metals from an alloy, furthermore the particle emission in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is not increased due to these substances and no additional deposits are caused.
The invention further consists in the use of gallic acid esters of the following formula<chemistry id="chem0002" num="0002"><img file="EP0877074A2_D0002.tif" /></chemistry> where R is a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, octyl and dodecyl radical, in particular in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.5 % By weight, as an inhibitor against tin, copper, iron, in particular lead absorption, for a lubricating oil with 80% by weight to 99% by weight with artificial and / or natural carboxylic acid esters for machines, in particular internal combustion engines, with extraneous and / or auto ignition, hydraulic motors or the like The effectiveness of such a chemical substance against the extraction of the metals mentioned, in particular lead, from an alloy or chemical removal from an alloy was quite surprising and not obvious, since the use of this chemical compound had hitherto been known as an antioxidant and lead was particularly resistant Metal is used in a variety of ways. Of particular importance was that neither the change in viscosity nor the particle emission was adversely affected, but, although used as an antioxidant, the quantitative oxidation of the oil film can be carried out to prevent additional particles and the viscosity is also maintained within wide limits, and no additional deposits be conditioned.
The invention further consists in the use of phenothiazine, in particular in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, as an inhibitor against lead absorption for a lubricating oil with 80% by weight to 99% by weight. artificial and / or natural carboxylic acid esters for machines, in particular internal combustion engines, with spark and / or spark ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. It was surprising that such a substance is also known as an oxidation inhibitor and it was again surprising that such a substance can prevent the extraction or chemical dissolution of the metals mentioned from machine components and furthermore does not cause any additional particle emission and the water and air separation behavior does not deteriorated, as well as no additional deposits.
The invention further consists in the use of phenoxazine, in particular in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, as an inhibitor against the uptake of the metals mentioned, in particular lead, for a lubricating oil with 80% by weight. -% to 99 wt .-% with artificial and / or natural carboxylic acid esters for machines, in particular internal combustion engines, with spark and / or auto-ignition, hydraulic motors or the like. A phenoxazine is also known as an antioxidant and it was quite surprising that this compound can also prevent the extraction of tin, copper, iron and in particular lead from an alloy or the chemical dissolution of these metals from an alloy, furthermore the particle emission in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is not increased due to these substances and no additional deposits are caused.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1:
A synthetic carboxylic acid ester lubricating oil made from adipic acid edidecyl ester with 12.4% by weight of the additive package OLOA 8123 from OROGIL, Frankfurt am Main, with the following typical analytical values for the additive package: <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" colsep="1" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">-physically</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Density at 15 ° C</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,979</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Viscosity at 40 ° C (cSt)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1140</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Viscosity at 100 ° C (cSt)</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">60</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Flash point ° C above</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">180</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">-chemically</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Nitrogen weight%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,44</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Calcium weight%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,99</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Magnesium% by weight</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,61</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Zinc wt%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,04</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Phosphorus% by weight</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,94</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sulfur wt%</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">3,30</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">TBN (ASTM D 2896) mg KOH / g</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">83</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sulfate ash% by weight</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">11,1</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Mineral oil content% by weight</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">38,4</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables> was operated in a test engine PETTER WI according to CEC L-02-A-78 as engine lubricating oil and unleaded fuel. A sample was taken from the engine lubricating oil every six hours and the content of lead, copper, tin and iron was determined using an atomic emission spectrometer in accordance with ASTM D 5185.
Example 2:
The experiment was carried out according to Comparative Example 1, but with the addition of 0.005% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table I were obtained.
Example 3:
The test was carried out in accordance with Comparative Example 1, but with the addition of 0.01% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 1 were obtained.
Example 4:
The test was carried out in accordance with Comparative Example 1, but with the addition of 0.05% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 1 were obtained.
Example 5:
The test was carried out according to Comparative Example 1, but with the addition of 0.1% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 1 were obtained.
Example 6:
The experiment was carried out according to Comparative Example 1, but with the addition of 0.5% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 1 were obtained.
Example 7:
The test was carried out according to Comparative Example 1, but with the addition of 1.0% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 1 were obtained.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 1, using a synthetic carboxylic ester lubricating oil based on dioctyl adipate. The values listed in Table 2 were obtained.
Example 9:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 8, using 0.005% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 2 were obtained.
Example 10:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 8, with 0.01% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid being used. The values according to Table 2 were obtained.
Example 11:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 8, using 0.05% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 2 were obtained.
Example 12:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 8, 0.1% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid being used. The values according to Table 2 were obtained.
Example 13:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 8, 0.5% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid being used. The values according to Table 2 were obtained.
Example 14:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 8, using 1.0% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 2 were obtained.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 15:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 1, using a synthetic carboxylic ester lubricating oil composed of a complex ester molecular weight 600 RADIALUBE from FINA, Belgium. The results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
Example 16:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 15, using 0.005% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 3 were obtained.
Example 17:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 15, with 0.01% by weight of phenothiazine being used. The values according to Table 3 were obtained.
Example 18:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 15, using 0.05% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 3 were obtained.
Example 19:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 15, using 0.1% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 3 were obtained.
Example 20:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 15, with 0.5% by weight of phenothiazine being used. The values according to Table 3 were obtained.
Example 21:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 15, using 1.0% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 3 were obtained.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22:
A synthetic carboxylic ester lubricating oil made from dioctyl adipate was used according to Comparative Example 1. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.
Example 23:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 22, using 0.005% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.
Example 24:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 22, with 0.01% by weight of phenoxazine being used. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.
Example 25:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 22, using 0.05% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.
Example 26:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 22, using 0.1% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.
Example 27:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 22, with 0.5% by weight of phenoxazine being used. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.
Example 28:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 22, using 1.0% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 4 were obtained.<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 1</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">7</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">9</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" /><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">15</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">13</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">12</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">32</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">27</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">15</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">14</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 66 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">64</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">14</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">95</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">46</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">27</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">14</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 126 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">132</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">55</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">46</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">16</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 156 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">155</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">61</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">51</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">33</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">18</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 186 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">182</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">66</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">55</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">42</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">34</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">25</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 216 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">214</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">72</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">57</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">42</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">34</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">27</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 2</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">9</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">13</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">14</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">13</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">8</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">17</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">13</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">14</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">24</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">25</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">24</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">26</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 66 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">58</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">51</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">43</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">32</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">30</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">108</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">90</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">85</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">41</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 126 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">151</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">122</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">108</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">45</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">47</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">44</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 156 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">193</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">141</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">126</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">47</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">45</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">43</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 186 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">227</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">186</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">147</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">47</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 216 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">253</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">199</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">155</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">49</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">50</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">47</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 3</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">15</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">16</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">17</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">19</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">21</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">14</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">14</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">11</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">19</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">26</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">26</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">24</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 66 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">37</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">46</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">44</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">45</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">43</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">47</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 126 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">58</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">53</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">55</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">53</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">51</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">50</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">51</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 156 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">69</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">64</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">64</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">65</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">63</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">63</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 186 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">76</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">72</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">70</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">69</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">67</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">65</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 216 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">89</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">77</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">75</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">69</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">66</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">68</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">67</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 4</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">24</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">25</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">26</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">27</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">28</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">13</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">16</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">27</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">26</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">23</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">37</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">34</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">28</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 66 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">58</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">56</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">53</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">51</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">50</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">36</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">35</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">108</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">105</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">101</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">95</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">91</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">46</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 126 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">151</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">145</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">141</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">133</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">55</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">51</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 156 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">193</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">185</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">178</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">159</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">144</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">63</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">58</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 186 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">227</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">206</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">200</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">181</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">160</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">70</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">65</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 216 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">253</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">218</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">209</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">197</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">166</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">72</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">67</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
The deposition of particles in the exhaust gas of a supercharged diesel engine with charge air cooling was determined both in the comparative examples and in the examples. The determination was carried out according to ECE-R-49, the improvement in the particle values for comparative examples 1, 8, 15 and 22 compared to a conventional 15W-40 motor oil were from 4% to 10%, whereas that of examples 2 to 7, 8 to 14, 16 to 21, 23 to 28 were from 5% to 9%. These numbers clearly show that the addition of the inhibitor did not cause any additional particles in the exhaust gas.
A comparison of the lead contents shown in Tables 1 to 4 shows that the addition of 0.005% by weight of inhibitors already shows a significant effect and the full effect occurs with a content of approximately 0.1% by weight and the lead absorption in the oil decreases with increasing inhibitor content. The uptake of copper, tin and iron is inhibited by the inhibitor, but the maximum effectiveness is between 0.1% by weight and 0.5% by weight.
The engine was disassembled after the 216 hour test runs. Noteworthy deposits were only found at inhibitor doses of 1.0% by weight.
The viscosity, air separation and water absorption behavior was unchanged.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 29:
A bearing metal alloy with 80.0% by weight of tin, 12.0% by weight of antimony, 6% by weight of copper and 2% by weight of lead was made in a synthetic carboxylic acid ester oil from adipic acid ditridecylcster with 1.0% by weight. % of the additive package specified in Comparative Example 1 stored at 120 ° C. with constant stirring. The sample consisted of a circular disc weighing 25 g and 8 cm<sup>2</sup> Surface, whereas the amount of oil was 200 ml. The amount reduced by the sampling was replaced by the same, but unused, ester oil. The determination of the lead content was carried out according to Comparative Example 1 and the values given in Table 5 were obtained.
Example 30:
The test was carried out in accordance with Comparative Example 29, but with the addition of 0.005% by weight of a methyl gallate. The values given in Table 5 were obtained.
Example 31:
The test was carried out in accordance with Comparative Example 29, but with the addition of 0.01% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 5 were obtained.
Example 32:
The test was carried out according to Comparative Example 29, but with the addition of 0.05% by weight of a methyl gallate. The values given in Table 5 were obtained.
Example 33:
The test was carried out according to Comparative Example 29, but with the addition of 0.1% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 5 were obtained.
Example 34:
The test was carried out according to Comparative Example 29, but with the addition of 0.5% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 5 were obtained.
Example 35:
The test was carried out according to Comparative Example 29, but with the addition of 1.0% by weight of a gallic acid methyl ester. The values given in Table 5 were obtained.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 36:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, using a synthetic carboxylic ester lubricating oil based on dioctyl adipate. The values listed in Table 6 were obtained.
Example 37:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, using 0.005% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 6 were obtained.
Example 38:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, with 0.01% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid being used. The values according to Table 6 were obtained.
Example 39:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, using 0.05% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 6 were obtained.
Example 40:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, using 0.1% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The words according to Table 6 were obtained.
Example 41:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, using 0.5% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 6 were obtained.
Example 42:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, using 1.0% by weight of isobutyl gallic acid. The values according to Table 6 were obtained.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 43:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 29, a synthetic carboxylic ester lubricating oil composed of a complex ester molecular weight 600 RADIALUBE from FINA, Belgium being used. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
Example 44:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 43, using 0.005% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
Example 45:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 43, with 0.01% by weight of phenothiazine being used. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
Example 46:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 43, using 0.05% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
Example 47:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 43, using 0.1% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
Example 48:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 43, using 0.5% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
Example 49:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 43, using 1.0% by weight of phenothiazine. The values according to Table 7 were obtained.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 50:
A synthetic carboxylic ester lubricant made from dioctyl adipate was used according to Comparative Example 29. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.
Example 51:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 50, using 0.005% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.
Example 52:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 50, with 0.01% by weight of phenoxazine being used. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.
Example 53:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 50, using 0.05% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.
Example 54:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 50, with 0.01% by weight of phenoxazine being used. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.
Example 55:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 50, with 0.5% by weight of phenoxazine being used. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.
Example 56:
The procedure was as in Comparative Example 50, using 1.0% by weight of phenoxazine. The values according to Table 8 were obtained.<tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 5</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">32</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">33</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">34</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">35</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">19</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">16</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">9</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 48 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">25</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">15</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">9</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 60 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 72 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 84 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">13</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">7</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">8</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 6</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">36</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">37</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">41</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">42</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">4</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">16</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">11</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 48 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">30</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">24</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 60 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 72 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">44</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">45</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">43</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">26</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 84 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">53</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">55</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">52</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">41</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">39</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">32</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 7</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">43</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">44</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">45</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">46</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">47</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">48</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">49</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center"><1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center"><1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center"><1</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center"><1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">17</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">15</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">11</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">8</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 48 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">22</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">16</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">9</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 60 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 72 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">25</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 84 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">27</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">25</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">14</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">4</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><title>TABLE 8</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Example No .:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">50</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">51</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">52</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">53</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">54</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">55</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">56</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">ppm lead after 6 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">7</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">3</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center"><1</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center"><1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 12 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 24 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">16</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">14</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">10</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">8</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 36 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 48 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">26</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">21</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">18</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">15</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">12</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 60 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 72 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">35</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">31</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">28</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">25</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">23</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">20</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">18</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 84 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">-</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">after 96 h</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">43</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">40</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">38</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">33</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">29</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">24</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">22</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
As the values in Tables 5 to 8 show, a significant reduction in the lead content in the ester oil can be achieved by adding the inhibitors. Such oils are for example for hydraulic units, such as gear pumps, vane pumps and. Like. perfectly suitable. Despite the high content of additives, no inclusion of air, such as in the form of small bubbles or the like, could be observed during the stirring process. After 96 hours, the samples used showed no turbidity due to a coating or the like, so that no deposits were formed. The viscosity and water absorption behavior of the fresh oils was unchanged.
Contents8
4 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN102762703A | Cited by | China | Search report |
| US9279093B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| JP5693240B2 | Cited by | Japan | Examiner |
| DE112010000922B4 | Cited by | Germany | Applicant |
| WO2010079744A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| WO2011084657A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| US9150813B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| GB1440129A | Cites | United Kingdom | Search report |
| US2062201A | Cites | United States of America | Search report |
| US3389124A | Cites | United States of America | Search report |
| US3914179A | Cites | United States of America | Search report |
| US5358652A | Cites | United States of America | Search report |
9 members in 5 offices
Priority claims5
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 78497 | Austria | – | |
| 78497 | Austria | A | |
| 78497 | Austria | A | |
| 78497 | – | – | – |
| AT19970000784 | – | – | – |
Members9
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU9800915D0 | Hungary | D0 | |
| CZ138298A3 | Czechia | A3 | |
| EP0877074A2This record | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| HUP9800915A2 | Hungary | A2 | |
| ATA78497A | Austria | A | |
| EP0877074A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| SK59198A3 | Slovakia | A3 | |
| HUP9800915A3 | Hungary | A3 | |
| AT406688B | Austria | B |
10 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Application deemed to be withdrawnWithdrawn18D | 18D | |
| Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patentGrantedSTAA | STAA | |
| Designation fees paidAKX | AKX | |
| Request for examination filed17P | 17P | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | |
| Request for extension of the european patentAX | AX | |
| Search report despatchedPUAL | PUAL | |
| Designated contracting statesAK | AK | |
| Request for extension of the european patentAX | AX | |
| Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phasePUAI | PUAI |
Numbers
- Publication
- 0877074
- Publication, DOCDB
- 0877074
- Publication, EPODOC
- EP0877074
- Application
- 98890117
- Application, DOCDB
- 98890117
- Application, EPODOC
- EP19980890117
Titles3
- German
- Schmieröl auf Esterbasis und Verwendung von Inhibitoren gegen Metallauflösung in demselben
- English
- Ester based lubricating oil and the use of metal dissolution inhibitors in the same
- French
- Huile lubrifiante à base d'esters et utilisation d'inhibiteurs contre la dissolution de metaux dans la meme
Classification
- CPC, 32
- C10M169/04
- C10M2207/144
- C10M2207/2805
- C10M2207/282
- C10M2207/2825
- C10M2207/284
- C10M2207/285
- C10M2207/2855
- C10M2207/34
- C10M2207/345
- C10M2207/401
- C10M2207/4045
- C10M2209/11
- C10M2215/22
- C10M2215/221
- C10M2215/225
- C10M2215/226
- C10M2215/227
- C10M2215/30
- C10M2219/106
- C10M2219/108
- C10M133/48
- C10M135/36
- C10M101/04
- C10M105/32
- C10M105/36
- C10M129/54
- C10N2040/251
- C10N2040/255
- C10N2040/28
- C10N2040/25
- C10N2040/08
- IPC, 3
- C10M129 68
- C10M169 04
- C10M129 10
Designated states25
- Contracting states, 19
- Austria
- Belgium
- Switzerland
- Cyprus
- Germany
- Denmark
- Spain
- Finland
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Ireland
- Italy
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Portugal
- Sweden
- Extension states, 6
- Albania
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- North Macedonia
- Romania
- Slovenia