Urethane laminating adhesives useful for retort pouches

0001The present invention is directed to a urethane laminating adhesive for adhering polymeric films that may be formed into retort pouches for food or medicinal applications.

0002Retort pouches for sterilizing food or medicinal substances are typically formed of two (or more) layers of polymeric film. Typically, an inner layer is formed of a material, such as cast polypropylene, which is heat-sealable and food- or medicine-compatible. A second layer, such as polyester or polyamide, is typically adhered to the inner layer for packaging strength. In addition, such a second layer as the outer layer may be printed with suitable inks.

0003The present invention is directed to an adhesive composition suitable for use in adhering polymeric layers for food or medicinal retort pouches, which adhesive composition is free of or substantially free of organic solvents.

0004<patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="EP349838A"><text>EP-A-349838</text></patcit> discloses a polyurethane adhesive composition for use in manufacturing food packaging materials, which composition also contains an oxy acid of phosphorus or a derivative thereof, a carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and an epoxy resin.

0005In accordance with the present invention there is provided a two-part adhesive composition suitable for adhering polymeric layers to form laminates useful, for example, in forming retort pouches for food or medicinal applications. The two part adhesive composition comprises a first part I) consisting of A) between 50 and 99 wt%, preferably between 70 and 90 wt%, based on total weight of A) plus B), of a hydroxyl-terminated polyester that is liquid at 20°C, the polyester having a hydroxyl functionality of between 2 and 2.1 and a hydroxyl number of between 50 and 300, preferably between 180 and 250, B) between 1 and about 50 wt%, preferably between 10 and 30 wt%, based on total weight of A) plus B) of an epoxy resin which is solid at 20°C and is dissolved within said polyester A), the epoxy resin B) having an epoxy equivalent weight of between 500 and 3000 and a hydroxyl number of between 100 and 250, and C) up to 0.05 wt%, preferably at least 0.005 wt% relative to total weight of A) plus B), of an isocyanate cure catalyst. A second part II) consisting of a multi-functional isocyanate having an isocyanate functionality of between 2 and 4, preferably at least 2.3. The second part II) is provided relative to the total hydroxyl functionality of A) plus B) at an NCO/OH ratio of between 0.9 and 3.0, preferably beetween 1.05 and 1.5.

0006Polyesters useful in accordance with the present invention are liquid at room temperature, i.e., 20°C. Preferably, the polyesters have low viscosities, i.e., 500 cps or below at 20°C, so that the polyester A) and absorbed epoxy resin B) form a liquid composition at 20°C that can be easily mixed with liquid polyisocyanate and applied as an adhesive layer to sheets of polymeric material. The polyester is linear or substantially linear, being formed primarily from dicarboxylic acids and diols. Diols are used in excess, whereby the polyester is OH-terminated. Aliphatic diols and dicarboxylic acids are preferred, although aromatic diols and dicarboxylic acids may also be used. In selection of diols and dicarboxylic acids for forming the polyester, consideration is given to compatibility with food and/or medicine. Suitable diols include, but are not limited to diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, hexane diol, butane diol and neopentyl glycol. Suitable dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to adipic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid. A slight amount of branching may be acceptable; thus, polyols, such as trimethylol propane, and polycarboxylic acids (and anhydrides), such as trimellitic anhydride, may be incorporated into the polyester chain. The hydroxyl functionality of the polyester provides the means by which the polyester is cross-linked with the polyisocyanate to form a cross-linked urethane. The polyester may have some acid functionality, i.e., up to an acid number of about 25, but no acid functionality is required or even desired. A currently preferred polymer is a copolymer of adipic acid and diethylene glycol having an OH number of about 210.

0007An important aspect of the composition of the present invention is the inclusion of the solid epoxy resin B) in the composition of the present invention. Particularly suitable epoxy resins are bisphenol A epoxy resins having both epoxy and hydroxyl functionality as described above. The OH functionality of the epoxy resin provides that the epoxy resin is cross-linked in the urethane curing reaction. The purpose served by the epoxy functionality of the epoxy resin is uncertain. While Applicants are not bound by theory, it is believed that the epoxy resin serves to bind to and "repair" breaks in the polyester chains which occur when the adhesive is subject to retort conditions. In any event, it is found that polyester A) and polyisocyanate part II) alone do not form an adhesive which adequately withstands retort conditions. Suitable bisphenol-A epoxy resins sold commercially by Shell Chemical Company are EPON® 1007F and 1002F.

0008Epoxy resins of this type are typically solid at 20°C; however, they dissolve into the polyester at the relative use levels herein to form a liquid composition (Part I)). A typical temperature for dissolving the epoxy resin in the polyester is 100°C.

0009While adhesion will be obtained without a catalyst C), reasonably fast cure time generally requires a catalyst, such as dibutyltin dilaurate.

0010The polyfunctional isocyanate has a functionality of at least 2 and preferably somewhat higher, i.e., at least about 2.3 to provide good cross-link density upon curing. The polyfunctional isocyanate may be a monomer or mixture of monomers such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophoron diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, but preferably is polymeric, multi-functional isocyanate. A preferred multi-functional isocyanate is a trimer of hexane diisocyanate, the trimer having an isocyanate functionality of 3. Also suitable as multi-functional isocyanates are isocyanate-functional polymers, such as polyester urethanes and polyether urethanes. To facilitate mixing with part I), the multi-functional isocyanate must be liquid at 20°C.

0011Part II), the multi-functional isocyanate, is employed at least approximating and preferably in excess of the OH functionality of part I), including the polyester and the epoxy resin, i.e., at an NCO/OH ratio of between 0.9 and 3.0, preferably between 1.05 and 1.5, and most preferably between 1.2 and 1.4.

0012When parts I) and II) are mixed, curing begins immediately. Accordingly, the two parts are mixed at the point of application, typically within 30 seconds of application of the mixture to one of the adhesive layers.

0013Laminates using the adhesive of the present invention are formed in a conventional manner. Typically, the two parts (I) and II)) are mixed and the mixture applied as a layer to one sheet of polymeric material. Shortly thereafter, the two sheets are nipped together with heat, e.g., 66-72°C, and pressure. An immediate bond is formed between the layers, although full cure takes place over a more extended period of time, e.g., a week. The fully cured adhesive will sustain a good bond between polymeric materials at typical retort conditions, e.g., 121°C at 103kPa (15 p.s.i.) for an hour.

0014Neither part (I) or II)) requires any organic solvent; thus, 100% solids adhesive compositions are provided in accordance with the present invention. While organic solvents may be added in minor amounts, e.g., up to about 2 wt% total, for viscosity adjustment or other purposes, from a volatile organic content (VOC) standpoint, addition of organic solvent is considered undesirable.

0015An important advantage of the adhesives of the present invention is that evan at 100% solids, their viscosities are low, i.e., typically about 6,000 cps or below at 25°C and 950 cps or below at 50°C, 25 to 50°C being the preferred temperature application temperature of these adhesives. At these temperatures, it is possible to obtain coating weights as low as 1.14 g/m- coating weight on commercial machines running at 600 ft/min (183 meter/min.) speed, and coating weights between 1.14 and 1.47 g/m² coating weight are preferred for the adhesives of the present invention.

0016Low viscosity adhesives are advantage relative to higher viscosity adhesives which must be heated to higher temperatures in order to achieve commercially acceptable coating weights, typically around 1.63 g/m². (When the coating weight is higher than 2.44 g/m², the laminates tend to slide and adhesive tends to be squeezed out the sides.) Heating of urethanes to high temperatures can lead to evaporation of isocyanate and side reactions. Also, high viscosity adhesives tend to cause misting adhesive on the roll at high running speeds.

0017The invention will now be described in greater detail by way of specific examples.

Examples 1 and 2

0018Adhesive compositions were (example 1 in accordance with the invention, example 2 comparative) formulated as follows (in wt%): <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" rowsep="0" align="center"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry>Example</entry><entry>Polyester A*</entry><entry>Epoxy Resin**</entry><entry>HDI trimer</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>1</entry><entry>40</entry><entry>10</entry><entry>50</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry>2</entry><entry>50</entry><entry /><entry>50</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="4" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="justify">*diethylene glycol adipate, OH no. 210</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="justify">**Epon® 1002F</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables> Each example also contained 0.007 wt% dibutyltin dilaurate. Each adhesive composition was used to form a laminate of nylon and cast polypropylene, and the laminate used to form a retort pouch. Each pouch was filled with a 1:1:1 mixture of catchup/vinegar/corn oil, and the pouches were retorted at 121°C at 103kPa (15 p.s.i) for an hour. Results are as follows: <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="18mm" align="center" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="45mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="40mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry>Example</entry><entry>Appearance after retort</entry><entry>Bond strength after retort</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>1</entry><entry>no delaminating or tunneling</entry><entry>(1,160 g/in) 4567 g/cm</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry>2</entry><entry>blistering</entry><entry>(550 g/in) 216.6 g/cm</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>