Method and apparatus for discriminating, authenticating and/or counting documents

0001The present invention refers to a currency counting and discrimination machine as set forth in the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of clearing a jammed currency bill from a transport path in the currency counting and discrimination machine. A currency counting and discrimination machine of this kind is known form <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="WO9419773A"><text>WO94/19773</text></patcit>.

0002The afore-mentioned document discloses a document processing apparatus in which each document which may be a currency bill is transported by a transport mechanism along a transport path within the vicinity of a magnetic read head which produces an electronic signal in response thereto. The documents are transported one after the other, and as each document is detected, a plurality of sampled values are obtained which are accumulated to produce one or more cumulative values representative of the document. The cumulative values are compared with one or more predetermined reference values associated with a genuine document in order to determine whether the detected document is a counterfeit suspect document.

0003In this respect, <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="WO9416412A"><text>WO94/16412</text></patcit> discloses an apparatus for detecting counterfeit bank notes by directing ultraviolet light at a sample from a source and measuring the level of ultraviolet light reflected from the sample using a first photo cell and the amount of fluorescent light generated by the sample using a second photo cell. The detected levels are compared with reference levels and only if both reflective and fluorescent criteria are satisfied is the note declared genuine. The sample, during tests, is supported on a glass plate. Any transport mechanism is not disclosed in the document.

0004From <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="US5341408A"><text>US-A-5,341,408</text></patcit>, a currency counter for counting currency notes withdrawn from a supply and advancing the notes one by one along a path past a density detector and a magnetic material detector to a stacker at a delivery location upon energization of a common drive motor is known. During travel of the currency notes on a transport path an adaptive counterfeit check is made. The denomination of currency notes recognized as genuine is collected in a memory and added up.

0005For a currency scanning and discriminating machine in which the currency bills are conveyed by a transport mechanism along a transport path from an input receptacle, past a sensing device, and to an output receptacle, a bill or bills can become jammed in the transport path, especially near the sensing device. Any jamming results in the machine being nonoperational. Thus, it is desirable to detect and clear the jammed currency bills in a simplistic and timely manner.

<u>Summary Of The Invention</u>

0006It is the object of this invention to provide a machine as set forth above that can detect and clear jammed currency bills in a simplistic and timely manner, and a method for clearing a jammed bill in such machine.

0007This object is attained by the features of claim 1 and 11, respectively. Preferred embodiments of the invention are subject matter of the respective dependent claims.

0008According to a jam detection and clearing of the present invention, a medium for detection and clearing of a jam in a currency scanning and discriminating machine is provided. The jam detection and clearing mechanism advantageously minimizes the efforts required by the machine operator and, therefore, reduces the time required to clear the jam. Furthermore, by minimizing the efforts of the operator, the likelihood the operator will become injured is lessened as is the probability the operator will damage the sensing device adjacent the transport path.

0009In accordance with the present invention, if a bill becomes jammed during normal operation, a controller within the machine detects the jam through at least one of several methods. The controller may monitor the time required for a currency bill to pass by two sets of optical sensors which perform different functions. Additionally, the controller may monitor the speed of the transport mechanism to detect whether the speed is significantly less than the normal operational speed. Once a jam is detected, the controller interrupts the driving of the transport mechanism.

0010The invention then provides for various manual and automatic devices which relieve the pressure exerted on the jammed bill by the transport mechanism. One such device for relieving the pressure is by providing a sensing device that may moved away from the transport path thereby increasing the gap between the sensing device and the transport path. The operator then can activate the transport mechanism in a reverse or forward direction to remove the jammed currency bill. The transport mechanism is then returned to its operational position, and the currency scanning and discriminating machine is ready to be operated.

0011The above summary of the present invention is not intended to represent each embodiment, or every aspect of the present invention. This is the purpose of the figures and detailed description which follow.

<u>Brief Description Of The Drawings</u>

0012<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li><figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> is a perspective view of a currency scanning and counting machine embodying the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref> is a functional block diagram of the currency scanning and counting machine of <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref> illustrating an embodiment in which a scanhead is arranged on each side of a transport path;</li><li><figref idref="f0003">Fig. 3</figref> is a flow chart illustrating the sequence of operations involved in determining the bill denomination from the correlation results;</li><li><figref idref="f0004">FIG. 4a</figref> is a flow chart illustrating the sequence of operations involved in determining the bill denomination from the correlation results using data retrieved from the green side of U.S. bills according to one embodiment of the present invention;</li><li><figref idref="f0005">FIGs. 4b</figref> and <figref idref="f0006">4c</figref> are a flow chart illustrating the sequence of operations involved in determining the bill denomination from the correlation results using data retrieved from the black side of U.S. bills;</li><li><figref idref="f0007">Fig. 5</figref> is a vertical sectional view approximately through the center of the machine of <figref idref="f0001">FIG.1</figref> which illustrates the transport rolls and mechanisms in a side elevation;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">Fig. 6</figref> is a section view of the sensing device;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">FIG. 7a</figref> is a section view of the lower member of the sensing device and an end elevation of the upper member of the sensing device;</li><li><figref idref="f0008">FIG. 7b</figref> is a section view of the lower member of the sensing device and an end elevation of the upper member of the sensing device in which the handles are latched onto a shaft;</li><li><figref idref="f0009">FIG. 8</figref> is a section view of the sensing device incorporating solenoids for separating the two members of the sensing device;</li><li><figref idref="f0010">FIG. 9</figref> is an enlarged bottom plan view of the lower member of the scanning device of <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 6</figref> or <figref idref="f0009">8</figref> and the passive transport rolls mounted on the lower member;</li><li><figref idref="f0011">FIG. 10</figref> is a bottom plan view of the upper member in the scanning device of <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 6</figref> or <figref idref="f0009">8</figref> which includes the upper scanhead;</li><li><figref idref="f0012">FIG. 11</figref> is a block diagram illustrating the components used by the jam detection and clearing mechanism;</li><li><figref idref="f0013">FIG. 12</figref> is an enlarged plan view of the control panel and the display panel of the machine in <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>; and</li><li><figref idref="f0014 f0015 f0016">FIGS. 13a-13c</figref> are flow charts illustrating the sequential procedure followed in clearing a jammed currency bill according to an embodiment of the present invention.</li></ul>

<u>Detailed Description Of The Embodiments</u>

0013While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

0014Referring now to <figref idref="f0001">FIGs. 1</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">2</figref>, there is shown one embodiment of a currency scanning and counting machine 10 according to the present invention. The machine 10 includes an input receptacle or bill accepting station or input hopper 12, 209 where stacks of currency bills that need to be identified and counted are positioned. Bills in the input receptacle are acted upon by a bill separating station 14 which functions to pick out or separate one bill at a time for being sequentially relayed by a bill transport mechanism 16 (<figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref>), according to a precisely predetermined transport path, between a pair of sensors or scanheads 18a, 18b where the currency denomination of the bill is scanned and identified. In one embodiment, bills are scanned and identified at a rate in excess of 800 bills per minute. In the embodiment depicted, each scanhead 18a, 18b is an optical scanhead that scans for characteristic information from a scanned bill 17 which is used to identify the denomination of the bill. The scanned bill 17 is then transported to an output receptacle or bill stacking station 20, 217 where bills so processed are stacked for subsequent removal. As seen in <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>, the output receptacle 217 comprises stacker wheels 212, 213 which project upwardly through a pair of openings in a stacker plate 214 to receive the bills as they are advanced across the downwardly sloping upper surface of the stacker plate 214. The stacker wheels 212 and 213 are supported for rotational movement about a shaft 215 journalled on the rigid frame and driven by a stacker motor 216.

0015The operation of the currency scanning and counting machine 10 of <figref idref="f0001">FIGs. 1</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">2</figref> is described in more detail in <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="US5295196A"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,196</text></patcit>. Such discrimination systems may process bills at speeds of the order of 800 to 1500 bills per minute, including speeds in excess of 800 and 1000 bills per minute according to various embodiments.

0016Each optical scanhead 18a, 18b preferably comprises a pair of light sources 22 directing light onto the bill transport path so as to illuminate a substantially rectangular light strip 24 upon a currency bill 17 positioned on the transport path adjacent the scanhead 18. Light reflected off the illuminated strip 24 is sensed by a photodetector 26 positioned between the two light sources. The analog output of the photodetector 26 is converted into a digital signal by means of an analog-to-digital (ADC) convertor unit 28 whose output is fed as a digital input to a central processing unit (CPU) 30.

0017While scanheads 18a, 18b of <figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref> are optical scanheads, it should be understood that it may be designed to detect a variety of characteristic information from currency bills. Additionally, the scanhead may employ a variety of detection means such as magnetic, optical, electrical conductivity, and capacitive sensors.

0018Referring again to <figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref>, as a bill 17 traverses the scanheads 18a, 18b, the coherent light strip 24 effectively scans the bill. A series of detected reflectance signals are obtained across the the bill and the resulting analog signals are digitized under control of the CPU 30 to yield a fixed number of digital reflectance data samples. The normalized reflectance data represents a characteristic pattern that is unique for a given bill denomination and provides sufficient distinguishing features among characteristic patterns for different currency denominations.

0019In order to ensure strict correspondence between reflectance samples obtained by scanning of successive bills, the reflectance sampling process is preferably controlled through the CPU 30 by means of an optical encoder 32 which is linked to the bill transport mechanism 16 and precisely tracks the physical movement of the bill 17 between the scanheads 18a, 18b. More specifically, the optical encoder 32 is linked to the rotary motion of the drive motor which generates the movement imparted to the bill along the transport path. In addition, the mechanics of the feed mechanism ensure that positive contact is maintained between the bill and the transport path, particularly when the bill is being scanned by the scanheads. Under these conditions, the optical encoder 32 is capable of precisely tracking the movement of the bill 17 relative to the light strips 24 generated by the scanheads 18a, 18b by monitoring the rotary motion of the drive motor.

0020The optical sensing and correlation technique is based upon using the above process to generate a series of stored intensity signal patterns using genuine bills for each denomination of currency that is to be detected. According to one embodiment, two or four sets of master intensity signal samples are generated and stored within the system memory, preferably in the form of an EPROM 34 (see <figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref>), for each detectable currency denomination. According to one embodiment these are sets of master green-surface intensity signal samples. In the case of U.S. currency, the sets of master intensity signal samples for each bill are generated from optical scans, performed on the green surface of the bill and taken along both the "forward" and "reverse" directions relative to the pattern printed on the bill. Alternatively, the optical scanning may be performed on the black side of U.S. currency bills or on either surface of foreign bills. Additionally, the optical scanning may be performed on both sides of a bill.

0021The CPU 30 is programmed to identify the denomination of the scanned bill as corresponding to the set of stored intensity signal samples for which the correlation number resulting from pattern comparison is found to be the highest. If a "positive" call can not be made for a scanned bill, an error signal is generated.

0022Using the above sensing and correlation approach, the CPU 30 is programmed to count the number of bills belonging to a particular currency denomination as part of a given set of bills that have been scanned for a given scan batch, and to determine the aggregate total of the currency amount represented by the bills scanned during a scan batch. The CPU 30 is also linked to an output unit 36 (<figref idref="f0002">FIG. 2</figref>) which is adapted to provide a display of the number of bills counted, the breakdown of the bills in terms of currency denomination, and the aggregate total of the currency value represented by counted bills. The output unit 36 can also be adapted to provide a print-out of the displayed information in a desired format.

0023A correlation formula which may be used in the present invention is disclosed and explained in <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="US5295196A"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,196</text></patcit>. <figref idref="f0003">FIGs. 3</figref> and <figref idref="f0004 f0005 f0006">4a-4c</figref> illustrated thresholding tests which may be peformed by the discriminator in conjunction with determining the denominations of scanned bills.

0024In some embodiments of the present invention the operation of the discriminator is suspended when a bill such as a no call is to be flagged. In some embodiments the transport mechanism is brought to a halt so that the flagged bill is the last bill deposited in an output receptacle or inspection station. The manner of suspending the operation of the discriminator and halting of the transport mechanism is explained in more detailed in <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="US5295196A"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,196</text></patcit>.

0025Referring now to <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 5</figref>, the mechanical portions of a currency scanning and counting machine 10 include a rigid frame formed by a pair of side plates 201 (only one shown), a pair of top plates 203a and 203b, and a lower front plate 204. The input receptacle region for receiving a stack of bills to be processed is formed by downwardly sloping and converging walls 205 and 206 which are parts of removable covers 207 and 208, respectively, that snap onto the frame. The rear wall 206 supports the removable input hopper 209 which includes a pair of vertically disposed side walls 210a and 210b (both shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>).

0026To initiate the scanning process, currency bills are stacked on the bottom wall 205 and are stripped, one at a time, from the bottom of the stack. The bills are stripped by a pair of auxiliary feed wheels 220 mounted on a drive shaft 221 which, in turn, is supported across the side walls 201. The auxiliary feed wheels 220 project through a pair of slots formed in the cover 207. Each auxiliary feed wheel 220 includes a raised high-friction, serrated surface 222 around a portion of the periphery which engages the bottom bill of the input stack as the auxiliary feed wheels 220 rotate to initiate the movement of the bottom bill from the stack. The serrated surface 222 projects radially beyond the rest of the wheel periphery so that the wheels "jog" the bill stack during each revolution so as to loosen the bottom currency bill within the stack and the bottom bill from the stack. The auxiliary feed wheels 220 move each stripped bill onto a drive roll 223 mounted on a driven shaft 224 supported across the side walls 201.

0027To ensure firm engagement between the drive roll 223 and the currency bill being fed, an idler roll 230 urges each incoming bill against a smooth central surface of the drive roll 223. The idler roll 230 is journalled on a pair of arms which are pivotally mounted on a support shaft. A pair of stripping wheels 233 and 234 are also mounted on the shaft 232 on opposite sides of the idler roll 230. The grooves in these two stripping wheels 233, 234 are registered with the central ribs in the two grooved surfaces of the drive roll 223. Although the idler roll 230 and the stripping wheels 233, 234 are mounted behind the guideway 211, the guideway 211 is apertured to allow the idler roll 230 and the stripping wheels 233, 234 to engage the bills on the front side of the guideway 211.

0028To prepare the bills for scanning, the bills transported by the drive roll 223 engage a flat guide plate 240 on which a sensing device is mounted at the lower end of the curved guideway 211. Currency bills are positively driven along the flat plate 240 by means of a transport roll arrangement which includes the drive roll 223 at one end of the flat plate 240 and a smaller drive roll 241 at the other end of the plate. Both the drive roll 223 and the smaller drive roll 241 include pairs of smooth raised cylindrical surfaces which hold the bill flat against the plate 240. A transport motor 260 drives both drive roll 223 and smaller drive roll 241 through a series of belts and pulleys. Additionally, the auxiliary feed wheels 220 are driven by the transport motor 260 via a pulley or belt attached on drive roll 223. A pair of O rings 245 (only one shown) fit into grooves formed in both the smaller drive roll 241 and the drive roll 223 to continuously engage the bill between the two rolls 223 and 241 and transport the bill while holding it flat against the guide plate 240.

0029The flat guide plate 240 is provided with openings through which the raised surfaces of both the drive roll 223 and the smaller driven roll 241 are subjected to counter-rotating contact with corresponding pairs of passive transport rolls 250 and 251 having high-friction rubber surfaces. The passive rolls 250, 251 are mounted on the underside of the flat plate 240 in such a manner as to be freewheeling about their axes and biased into counter-rotating contact with their corresponding drive rolls 223, 241. The passive rolls 250, 251 are biased into contact with their corresponding drive rolls 223 and 241 by means of a pair of leaf springs 252, 253 (shown in <figref idref="f0010">FIG. 9</figref>).

0030The points of contact between the drive rolls 223, 241 and passive rolls 250, 251 are preferably coplanar with the level surface of the flat plate 240 so that currency bills can be positively driven along the upper surface of the flat plate 240 in a smooth, flat manner. The distance between the axes of the two drive rolls 223 and 241 is selected to be just short of the length of the narrow dimension of the currency bills. Accordingly, the bills are firmly gripped under uniform pressure between both pairs of transport rolls, thereby minimizing the possibility of bills being skewed or twisted which enhances the reliability of the overall scanning process.

0031The sensing device which includes a pair of scanheads 18a and 18b is shown in detail in <figref idref="f0008">FIGS. 6, 7a, and 7b</figref>. It can be seen that the housing for each scanhead 18a and 18b is formed as an integral part of a unitary molded plastic support member 280 and 281. The lower member 281 forms the flat plate 240 that receives the bills from the drive roll 223 and supports the bills as they are driven past the scanheads 18a and 18b.

0032Each of the two optical scanheads 18a and 18b housed in the support members 280, 281 includes a pair of light sources acting in combination to uniformly illuminate strips of a desired dimension on opposite sides of a bill as it is transported across the flat guide plate 240. Thus, the upper scanhead 18a includes a pair of LEDs 22a directing light downwardly through an optical mask on top of a lens 282 onto a bill traversing the flat guide plate 240 beneath the scanhead 18a. Both LEDs 22a are angularly disposed relative to the vertical axis of the upper scanhead 18a so that their respective light beams combine to illuminate the desired light strip defined by an aperture in the mask. The scanhead 18a also includes a photodetector 26a mounted directly over the center of the illuminated strip for sensing the light reflected off the strip. The photodetector 26a is linked to a CPU 30 (See <figref idref="f0012">Fig. 11</figref>) through an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) for processing the sensed data. Similarly, the lower scanhead 18b which includes a pair of LEDs 22b, a lens 283, and a photodetector 26b communicates with the CPU 30 through an ADC.

0033The upper member 280 and lower member 281 are mounted facing each other so that the lenses 282 and 283 of the two scanheads 18a, 18b define a narrow gap through which each bill is transported. Generally, the gap is approximately 0.63 mm (0.025 inch) when the machine is in the operational mode. The upper support member 280 includes a tapered entry guide 280a which guides an incoming bill into the gap between the opposed lenses 282 and 283.

0034Doubling or overlapping of bills in the illustrative transport mechanism is detected by two additional photosensors which are located on a common transverse axis that is perpendicular to the direction of bill flow. The photosensors include photodetectors 293 and 294 mounted within the lower member 281 in immediate opposition to corresponding light sources 295 and 296 mounted in the upper member 280. The photodetectors 293, 294 detect beams of light directed downwardly onto the bill transport path from the light sources 295, 296 and generate analog outputs which correspond to the sensed light passing through the bill. Each such output is converted into a digital signal by a conventional ADC unit whose output is input to, and processed by, the CPU 30.

0035The presence of a bill adjacent the photosensors causes a change in the intensity of the detected light, and the corresponding changes in the analog outputs of the photodetectors 293 and 294 serve as a convenient means for density-based measurements for detecting the presence of "doubles" (two or more overlaid or overlapped bills) during the currency scanning process. For instance, the photodetectors 293, 294 may be used to collect a predefined number of density measurements on a test bill, and the average density value for a bill may be compared to predetermined density thresholds (based, for instance, on standardized density readings for master bills) to determine the presence of overlaid bills or doubles. Thus, this density detecting system ensures that no more than one bill is being scanned at a time.

0036Although the machine has been designed to greatly minimize the jamming of currency bills while being moved along the transport path, situations arise in which the machine will become jammed, especially in the area of the scanheads 18a, 18b. For example, an older currency bill which is not as "crisp" as a newer bill tends to buckle when its leading edge engages the guiding members within the transport path, especially in the region adjacent the sensing devices. As it begins to obstruct the transport path, the buckled bill in the transport path loses its velocity. The bills trailing the buckled bill then come into contact with the buckled bill and cause the transport path to become jammed. Additionally, currency bills with bent corners or a bill in the stack that is folded can catch on edges along the transport path as well. In any event, it is useful to have a simple means in which to clear a jam that may occur, especially beneath the upper member 280.

0037The lower member 281 is attached rigidly to the machine frame. However, the upper member 280 is slidably mounted on a pair of posts 285 and 286 on the machine frame thereby providing limited vertical movement. A pair of springs 287 and 288 bias the upper member 280 to its lowermost position in the operational mode. In one embodiment, a pair of handles 297 connected to upper member 280 are exposed once an access cover is opened. For example, removing the removable hopper 209 exposes the handles 297. Once exposed, the operator lifts the handles 297 by their gripping portion 298 and moves the connecting portion 299 over a structure rigidly affixed to the frame. An engagement surface 299a then engages the rigid structure to support the upper member 280. In <figref idref="f0008">FIG. 7b</figref>, the engagement surface 299a of each handle 297 is semi-circular and the structure to which it is connected is the shaft 221 which is also shown in <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 5</figref>. When positioned in this retracted position, the gap between the lenses 282 and 283 of the two scanheads 18a, 18b increases and is in the range from about 1,9 mm (0.075 inch) to about 5 mm (0.20 inch).

0038Generally, the handles 297 are flexible to allow them to be deflected in a direction parallel to the direction a currency bill moves along the transport path. Thus, when attaching the handles 297 to and detaching them from the shaft 221 in <figref idref="f0008">FIGS. 7a and 7b</figref>, the operator can move the connecting portion 299 laterally across the shaft 221.

0039Alternatively, the upper member 280 can be locked into the retracted position by a brace member which engages the posts 285, 286. Small handles connected to the upper member 280 near the posts 285, 286 are grasped to lift the upper member 280. When in the retracted position, the rigid brace member attached to the frame or handles is positioned between the posts 285, 286 and a portion of the handles which acts against the springs 287, 288 and restrains the upper member 280 from returning to the operational position. In another alternative, small handles having a profile similar to the handle 297 in <figref idref="f0008">FIGS. 7a and 7b</figref> could latch onto rigid structures attached to the frame near the posts 285, 286.

0040In yet another alternative, the upper member 280 is separated from the lower member 281 without removing any access cover like the removable hopper 209. The operator moves a lever which is connected to one of the members 280. 281 and is exposed on the exterior of the machine. The movement of the lever then increases the gap between the two members 280, 281. For example, the lever is attached to a cam which when rotated forces the two members 280, 281 apart.

0041In yet a further alternative, the upper member 280 could be automatically converted between the operational position and the retracted position by use of a pair of solenoids 300, 302 as shown in <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 8</figref>. The solenoids 300, 302 are affixed onto the rigid frame near the posts 285, 286. Each solenoid 300, 302 has a displacing member 304 which attaches to the upper member 280. When energized, the displacing member 304 of the solenoids 300, 302 act against the force of the springs 286, 287 and move the upper member 280 from the operational position to the retracted position. Although the solenoids 300, 302 are shown attached to the upper member 280, they can also be attached to the lower member 281. In such an embodiment, the solenoids 300, 302 then push the upper member 280 away from the lower member 281 against the force of the springs 287, 288.

0042<figref idref="f0010">Fig. 9</figref> shows a bottom plan view of the lower member 281 of the scanning device and the passive transport rolls 250, 251. <figref idref="f0011">Fig. 10</figref> illustrates a bottom plan view of the upper member 280 including the upper scanhead 18. Both figures are applicable to the scanning device illustrated in <figref idref="f0008">Fig. 6</figref> or <figref idref="f0007">5</figref>.

0043As shown in <figref idref="f0012">Fig. 11</figref>, the CPU 30 of the machine 10 is coupled to various components within the jam detection and clearing mechanism. The CPU 30 is coupled to a memory device 38 and receives inputs from a crystal 40 which serves as the time base for the CPU 30. The CPU 30 also receives operator input signals from the keypad 62 on the control panel 61 and provides the user with information via the display 63 on the control panel 61. The CPU 30 also controls the operation of both the stacker motor 261 and the transport mechanism motor 260.

0044With respect to the detection of a jam which is described in detail below in reference to <figref idref="f0014 f0015 f0016">FIGS. 13a-13c</figref>, the CPU 30 processes the output of the denomination sensors 26a, 26b and the density sensors 293, 294. The outputs of both of these sensors are converted to digital signals by standard ADCs before being received by the CPU 30. Also, the CPU 30 monitors the velocity of the drive shaft or the transport mechanism via the encoder 32 which is described in detail below. Additionally, the CPU 30 monitors a hopper sensor 42 placed adjacent the removable hopper 209 which indicates whether the hopper 209 is installed or detached from the machine 10.

0045Once the lower member 281 and the upper member 280 are separated, the jammed currency bill must still be removed from the transport path. This is accomplished by operating the bill transport mechanism in a reverse or forward motion to clear the jammed bill. As shown in <figref idref="f0013">Fig. 12</figref>, the control panel 61 (also shown in <figref idref="f0001">FIG. 1</figref>) includes the display 63 as well as the keypad 62 having a plurality of keys actuated by the operator to perform various functions. A reverse key 67 and a forward key 68 on the keypad 62 send a reverse signal and a forward signal, respectively, to the CPU 30 which instructs the transport mechanism to operate in the reverse or forward mode. Thus, when the operator actuates the reverse key 67, the CPU 30 receives a reverse signal and instructs the transport motor 260 to rotate in a reverse direction. The jammed currency bill then moves back through the guideway 211 and can be accessed at the opening near wall 205 adjacent the nips formed by roll 223 and stripping wheels 233, 234 as shown in <figref idref="f0007">Fig. 5</figref>. If the jammed currency bill is not accessible after actuation of the reverse key 67, then the operator can activate the forward key 68 to attempt to move the jammed bill forward. This will result in the currency bill being accessible at the output receptacle 217. No data is processed at this point and the jammed bill must be returned to the stack. The operator then returns the upper member 280 to the operational position by utilizing the handles 297 or activating a key on the control panel 261 if the separation of the members 280, 281, occurs via solenoids.

0046Alternatively, the machine can include a manual turn-knob which is connected to the drive shaft 221 of the drive roll 223 instead of utilizing the reverse key 67 and the forward key 68. After the members 280, 281 are separated, the operator then manually turns the knob in a forward or reverse direction to transport the jammed currency bill along the transport path and clear the jam.

0047<figref idref="f0014 f0015 f0016">FIGS. 13a-13c</figref> are flow charts which illustrate the process in which a jammed bill is detected and the resultant actions by the operator and the machine. After a bill becomes jammed along the transport path (step 400), the machine detects the jam (step 401). Three examples of ways the machine may accomplish this task include the following. First, if the time required for a currency bill to pass by one of the density photodetector sensors 293, 294 exceeds a threshold limit, then a jam has likely occurred. Second, if the time required for a bill to pass through the currency denomination photodetectors 26a and 26b exceeds a threshold limit, then a jam is probable. Generally, these upper threshold limits are approximately 0.25 second (the normal time required for a bill to pass by one of these sensors is approximately 0.025 second). The third method by which a jam can be detected is by monitoring the encoder 32 which indicates the shaft speed of the transport motor 260 powering the transport mechanism. More specifically, the optical encoder 32 is linked to the output shaft of the transport motor 260 which drives the transport mechanism that moves the bill along the transport path. The optical encoder 32 sends signals to the CPU 30 corresponding to successive increments of angular displacement of the drive shaft of the transport motor 260. Thus, if the signals received by the CPU 30 from the encoder 32 drop below a threshold limit in a selected time period, then the shaft speed of the transport motor 260 has been reduced by the occurrence of the jam which increases the load on the transport motor 260

0048Once the CPU 30 receives a jam signal from any of these three jam detection mechanisms, the transport motor 260 is disabled by the CPU 30. The CPU 30 then sends a signal to the display 63 on the control panel 61 which informs the operator that a jam has been detected (step 402). To access and lift the handles 297 to relieve the pressure applied to the jammed bill by the transport 'mechanism, the operator must remove the hopper tray 209 (step 403).

0049The hopper sensor 42 (in <figref idref="f0012">Fig. 11</figref>) is positioned adjacent the hopper tray 209 and detects whether the hopper tray 209 is in position. If the CPU 30 determines the hopper tray 209 has been removed (step 404), then the display 63 on the control panel 61 instructs the operator to lift the handles 297 and position their engagement surfaces 299a over the drive shaft 221 (step 406). After lifting the handles 297 and attaching them to the feed shaft (step 407), the upper member 280 and lower member 281 are now in the retracted position, and the operator can begin the process of removing the jammed bill from the transport path.

0050If an automatic separation technique is utilized, such the. solenoids 300, 302 described above in connection with <figref idref="f0009">Fig. 8</figref>, then steps 403-407 are obviated.

0051The operator uses the keys on the control panel 61 to activate the transport mechanism and remove the jammed bill. If the operator chooses the forward key 267 (step 408), the machines starts the stacker motor 216 since the bill will be expelled near the output receptacle by the stacker wheels 212, 213 (step 410). The transport motor 260 driving the transport mechanism is then run at full forward speed for 0.25 second (step 412) to remove the jammed bill and then for an additional 1.25 seconds at half forward speed (step 414). The stacker motor 216 and the transport motor 260 are then stopped (step 416) and the operator removes the formerly jammed bill from the output receptacle (step 418).

0052The operator can also choose the reverse key 267 on the control panel 61 when attempting to remove a jammed bill (step 420). Because the reverse mode will not result in the bill being expelled from the output receptacle, there is no need to activate the stacker motor 216. The transport motor 260 driving the transport mechanism is then run at full reverse speed for 0.25 second (step 422) and then at half speed reverse for an additional 1.25 seconds to remove the jammed bill to the input receptacle. The transport motor 260 is then stopped (step 426) and the operator removes the formerly jammed bill from the input receptacle (step 428). The operator can continuously alternate between the reverse key 67 and the forward key 68 until the jammed bill is successfully removed.

0053Once the formerly jammed bill is retrieved, the operator then grasps the handles 297 and returns the upper member 280 to its operational position (step 430). The machine may also have a sensor which detects whether the upper member 280 is in the retracted position. For example, a switch which is activated only when the upper member 280 is in the retracted position may be employed. Alternatively, the amount of light received by the density photodetectors 293, 294 depends on their distance from the light source. Thus, the retracted position can be distinguished from the operational position by the density photodetectors 293, 294 assuming the jammed bill is cleared. Thus, the CPU 30 can then prompt the operator to perform the next steps in the procedure based on whether the upper member 280 is in the operational or retracted position.

0054The operator returns the hopper tray 209 to its normal position (step 432) and selects a continue key 65 (step 434) on the control panel 61 (shown in <figref idref="f0013">Fig. 12</figref>). The machine then checks the density photodetectors 293, 294 and the currency denomination photodetectors 26a and 26b to ensure that the jam has been completely cleared (step 436). If the machine still detects the presence of a jammed bill, then the machine performs the entire clearance process again.

0055If no bill is detected, then the display 63 returns to its normal counting mode . (step 438) and all totals are reset to the recorded amount prior to the processing of the initial bill in the stack of bills which produced the jam (step 440). The operator then gathers all bills in the stack which produced the jam from the output receptacle and the input receptacle including the jammed bills, and returns them as a stack to the input receptacle to be recounted and rediscriminated (step 441). The stacker motor 216 and the transport motor 260 are then started (step 442) and the CPU 30 begins to run the main programming loop (step 444). Currency bills in the input receptacle will now be transported by the transport mechanism and undergo the scanning process.