Bullet resistant glass and use thereof

The invention is in the field of shot-retardant Glazing materials, the passage of projectiles prevent from different types of weapons. In particular, the invention relates to a bullet-resistant glazing, which the Attack stresses of class B4 according to draft ÖNORM EN 1063 of April 1993 resists, wherein Handguns caliber 44 Magnum with a tombak FMJ bullet / Flathead projectile / soft core lead with Steel penetrator (type SS 109) with a mass of 15.6 ± 0.1 g of a firing distance of 5.00 m and a Impact speed of 440 ± 10 m / s with three hits, which lie at a distance of 120 ± 10 mm, not to a functional failure of the bullet-resistant glazing to lead.

Interleaf resistant glazing are today already used, particularly in areas of Financial institutions to such a hand, the undisturbed Observe all operations both within the checkout according to outside the office, as well as from outside to permit within the fund, but on the other hand the about the money enacting the required Cashier to provide security.

Furthermore, such a shot-inhibiting devices in other public institutions known, and is finally possible that such devices also in remote homes or the like as Windows are installed, thereby the owner before Burglaries and robberies to protect.

For a long time for manufacturing bullet-retardant Glazing glass panes of inorganic mineral glass used, the known constructions, in principle, of several interconnected or close to each other adjacent slices passed that to provide the required reach bullet resistance, a considerable thickness and had thus have a considerable weight. This led in many cases to design difficulties since Substructures, which by inhibiting the shot should wear disks, correspondingly strongly dimensioned had to be.

For this reason, contact increased in recent times Glazing with bullet-inhibiting action by which made of transparent plastic materials. in this connection are disks made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), so-called acrylic glass, preferably, since this material the Advantage, has only a specific gravity of 1.18 exhibit, so that it therefore only about half as much as normal window glass or safety glass. though is the exclusive use of disks for example, made of acrylic glass, to achieve the necessary Bullet resistance a thickness of slices to take out of Acrylic glass in purchasing, which in many is perceived fields of application as disturbing.

From DE 24 24 255 now bullet-resistant glazings consisting of several abutting or interconnected translucent slices known become, which are on a combination of the bombardment vulnerable side of the glazing arranged, consisting of polymethacrylate (acrylic) plate with an arranged on the back plate of Polycarbonate is. Derlei combinations Acrylic glass and polycarbonate lenses, the Polycarbonate lens a much lower intensity than comprising the acrylic glass, to an overall significantly thins the bullet resistant glazing lead than in a full run Acrylic would allow. Further, in the DE 24 24 255 indicated that the acrylic glass sheet at the bombardment vulnerable side of the bullet-resistant glazing must be arranged that in an eventual bombardment the ball must first penetrate the acrylic glass to then most likely by the elastic to be polycarbonate lens captured, while already their initial energy in the acrylic glass did.

Although known from DE 24 24 255 combination already a significant improvement over the use of several together loosely or tightly connected Acrylic glass sheets contains, as the resulting Wheel assemblies of glass still relatively thick, if the glazing also to withstand bombardment classes that massive have attack stresses to content. So is it assumed that handguns which a Magnum-caliber have and be fired from short distances, show impact speeds that the failure to bullet resistant glazing, as described in DE 24 24 255 are portrayed lead.

FR 2,634,417 discloses ballistic and explosion resistant glazing consists of four components are combined together to form a laminated glass. Of the bombardment endangered wing faces found initially a relatively thick disc of mineral Silicate glass, followed by a polycarbonate lens followed, which one with the mineral glass lens means about 5 mm thick resin layer of an elastomer Silicone bonded. On the back finally arranged a PMMA sheet which with the Polycarbonate lens again using the same is glue connected, as for the intermediate layer inserted between mineral glass and polycarbonate lens becomes. In these four layers are to be essential layers, the mineral glass screen compared to the plastic discs of polycarbonate and PMMA is conducted, so thick that the structure shown no significant weight savings compared to only Mineral glass existing bombardment-resistant glazings having.

Bullet-resistant transparent elements include also the US 4,594,290 refer. Herein, a member described which transparent sheets of acrylic glass and comprises polycarbonate, which transparent with a Polyurethane adhesives are connected to each other. In Training of known from US 4,594,290 article WO 93/16872 discloses the elements with a unidirectional bullet resistance characteristic, wherein which acrylic glass a thickness of 7.5 to 9mm and the rear connection polycarbonate element has a thickness comprise 9.5 to 11 mm, said elements also by means of a transparent polyurethane material are glued together. The thickness of the adhesive layer is about 2 mm, a corresponding structure to a Uzi 9mm FMG (Full Metal Jacket) -Geschoß resists. Although in accordance with WO 93/16872 of a relatively thin overall construction can be realized by approximately 20 mm, resulting in a very low Weight of bulletproof glazing leads, it is assumed that by the Prüfgeschoß an Uzi 9 mm FMG caused energies considerably less Resistance class are assigned than the class B4 according to draft ÖNORM EN 1063 provides. So is the Energy of the projectiles of UZZI submachine gun only 1/3 the Magnum 44-storeys, which is why the UZZI than B II is classified.

The US 5,318,853 relates to bullet-resistant and resisting glass for plastic laminates Security applications. Typically, the Laminate according to US 5,318,853 made of glass and Plastic disks, for. Example of polycarbonate, with a Adhesion agent based on a solvent-free Alkyd resin are glued together. is Here reasonably be deduced from the proposed structure of that relatively thick, the energy absorption substantially in the must happen mineral glass lens, so that fairly serious Laminated glass with bullet-inflammatory action resulting.

Given the stated and discussed herein Prior art, it is therefore an object of the Invention, a bullet-resistant glazing available questions to which very high-energy projectiles, such as they are described in the bombardment class B4, resists, wherein both the penetration of the glazing by the to avoid projectile as well as the formation of splinters and wherein at the same time a possible lighter and thinner should result of the glazing structure so that its Purpose be significantly increased. also to the handling of the discs as well as their Processing and manufacturing are facilitated. About that addition to bullet-retardant according to the invention Glazings be particularly versatile, being low if the scope of the invention of a used glazing using the class B4 additional requirements, such as those in the Classes B5 to B7 or partially in classes SG1 and SG2 ÖNORM EN 1063 of 1 June 1993 (draft) described be, can be met.

These objects and further not in detail herein literally reproduced tasks with a bullet-resistant glazing according to the aforementioned Type having the features of the characterizing part of the Claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the inventive shot-resistant glazing are in the back to claim 1 subclaims provided protection. With regard to the use provides Claim 10 is a solution of the invention is based Tasks represent.

Because of at a bullet-resistant glazing a combination of two or more together adjacent or interconnected translucent Washers, with at least one of acrylic glass and one remote the bombardment endangered wing rear sliver-retaining lens made of polycarbonate, combining at least one non external mono- multilayer plastic film based on PVC, PCund / or PET materials with a thickness between 20 and having 500 .mu.m, the film self-adhesive or by Bonding is fixed between the discs, it is possible in not readily foreseen or prior Technology derivable way<ul><li>to reduce the thickness of the combination,</li><li>to achieve a significant weight saving,</li><li>full transparency and light transmission of Glazing combination to ensure,</li><li>penetration through B4 class projectiles safely avoid, </li><li>at the same time the penetration even through B7-class missiles to avoid as far as possible,</li><li>in any event, the disposal of chips on the back excluded</li><li>a thermal deformation of the combination to enable,</li><li>In a preferred embodiment a scratch resistant to provide poor defending and</li><li>also in a preferred embodiment, a destruction the entire glazing by force, as Blow, blow or impact, by an additional Splitter bond within the invention bullet-resistant glazing combination to achieve.</li></ul>

It has the inventive shot-retardant Glazing although in common with the prior art, that on the back of the glazing a splinter to bond suitable lens made of polycarbonate, said with back of the glazing, the bombardment of the vulnerable Defending remote outermost side of bullet-resistant glazing of the invention is meant a substantial difference from the prior art known shot-retardant glazing however, is that instead of, for example, known polyurethane adhesives used or the like, a relatively large layer thickness of about have 2 mm, single or multi-layer in the invention used plastic of relatively small thickness will. For the purposes of the invention, said mono- be multilayer plastic films each in the interior of a arranged by shot-retardant glazing combination, ie, they form in any case a final layer on the back or on the wing. let this the hereinabove mentioned advantageous Properties, surprisingly, by combining at least three discs, films or layers of different materials can be achieved. In this Connection, it was particularly surprising that, by the Combination of a bombardment on the vulnerable side arranged, consisting of PMMA (acrylic) plate, a thin, approximately 20 to 500 microns, preferably 50 to 300 microns, thick film, which is fixed on the acrylic glass, and a lens made of polycarbonate, which when Back adjoins the sheet, a very simple and particularly easy to manufacture building a can achieve bombardment-resistant glazing combination, which enormous attack stresses resists, and while nevertheless compared to the previously known Acrylic panels or combinations of a significantly thinner Training is possible, so that in this way a significant Gewichtsersparung becomes possible.

Opposite known combinations of acrylic glass and Polycarbonate lenses, which bonded with polyurethane resins are, in particular, emphasis in accordance with a very simple Embodiment of the invention used on or multilayer plastic film made significantly thinner (20 to 500 microns, compared with about 2 mm of the prior Technology), while still a better shot-retardant Effect results.

Here i st particularly emphasized that over the previously belonging to the prior art bullet resistant Slices through the very simple invention Combining a very light, fully transparent and fully light-transmissive plate, there is provided the Construction gives new possibilities and the use of these enables discs in wide areas previously cost prohibitive with bullet-resistant safety glass could be equipped. Another advantage of the Invention is that the composite according to the invention can be thermally deformed, so that even certain Bending radii can be realized. It is furthermore possible, colorize composites invention (eg, Acrylic glass), so that visually attractive Design options are available.

When used within the scope of the invention Plastic is single- or multilayer Films based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC) and / or polyethylene terephthalate materials (PET). If used PVC or polycarbonate as the film material, are single-layer plastic films are preferred, with their Transparency is generally slightly lower than that of the Polyethylene terephthalate materials. If multilayered Plastic films are used, are those based on preferably of PET. It is especially advantageous four-ply Polyterephthalsäureethandiolester-film which has a 100% color fastness, excellent transparency and an extremely small reduction of visible light to only 6% having. The thickness of such a film preferably 100-200 microns, very convenient are 125-180 microns.

The used according to the invention of wheels Polycarbonate or acrylic glass are familiar to the expert and available by known methods.

According to a first embodiment of the invention is the bullet-resistant glazing, characterized in that abut the disks and foil tightly and with a frame are fixed. Accordingly, it is a completely to consider sufficient the beneficial effects to achieve according to the invention, the disc and Film materials for the realization of the construction are to be used according to the invention, tightly in the order you want to place, taking care to eighth is that a polycarbonate disc as always Terminating or rear window is to be placed. It is advantageously, the arranged closely adjacent to one another Slices to each other through a frame construction (For example, an adhesive tape or by adhesive) to connect.

In another preferred embodiment, the Possibility that the polycarbonate disc to form an intimate and dense network of disks and Foil is connected together with the film, for example by bonding or other chemical Process.

In any case, however, the structure is on a participating in a bullet resistant glazing of the invention single- or multi-layer resin at least one side self-adhesive or by flexible joints with a the plastic discs the constituent connected. This one-way connection is used for fixing the relatively thin film before the actual Bundling of the construction of the present invention bullet-resistant glazing panes and involved Films. It is particularly useful if the film or the film on the inside in the combination Side of a plexiglass pane is fixed by gluing. The back side of the film which the acrylic glass panel is turned away, can then optionally, as mentioned herein mentioned, by bonding with the polycarbonate disc are permanently joined.

Although the thicknesses of the structure on the invention involved plastic glass over wide ranges are variable, with the thicknesses including at the desired bombardment strength and resilience can orient against certain attack stresses it has proven to be very useful to the interleaf to prevent a B4-class projectile when a involved acrylic glass in the construction according to the invention or if several acrylic sheets together be combined, if the overall thickness of the construction Acrylic panels involved is about&gt; 20 mm. These Total thickness results very effective for absorption of most of the bombardment by inhibiting the projectile on the Glazing transmitted energy.

While even with total thicknesses of acrylic panels well below 20 mm a fairly good shot-inhibiting effect achieved, but it is in this case usually to ensure that the Thickness of other layers of the structure according to the invention is enlarged to provide sufficient material for a necessary to provide energy absorption of projectiles available.

In a further preferred embodiment, the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention characterized in that one or more polycarbonate discs are contained in the combination, one of which the Back forms, wherein the total thickness of the Polycarbonate discs ≥ 5 mm. In connection with the Total thickness of the acrylic sheet (s) of&gt; 20 mm suggests the Invention before so that the polycarbonate disc a significantly lower strength than the Acrylic glass, with these much lower Strength in conjunction with the rear assembly at least a polycarbonate lens to be completely sufficiently proven for avoiding outgoing Splitter Has.

In this connection, the polycarbonate disc, which essential as back of the glazing according to the invention out of the question, though thinner than 5 mm be executed when another polycarbonate plate in the invention Composite is provided and the total thickness of Polycarbonate lenses at least 5 mm, it is, however, much preferred that the lens on the back of the glazing according to the invention in a thickness of about 5 mm or train more. It has been in Inventive arrangement turned out that just the Preventing the release of possible splinters a importance beikommt so that possibly here available Safety potential is not in favor of another Weight reduction should be abandoned.

Regarding the use of one or more layers Security films should also be noted that although ply sheets come into question, however, that for the Absorption of vacant projectile energy far is preferred when multilayer films or more layer or multilayer films are used. Therefore it is particularly advantageous in the context of the invention when the total number of layers of one or more layers Films which are included in the structure according to the invention, ≥ 4. This requirement is, for example, by the above mentioned herein preferred four-layer film awarded fulfilled.

In a further preferred embodiment, the or the acrylic glass panels embedded monofilaments from another plastic material. Plastic panes of acrylic glass with embedded Plastic threads of a different material are se known. The inner plastic threads, tapes, grids or networks are made of a plastic material, which preferably has a higher shear stability as well as higher viscosity than the surrounding matrix plastic (Acrylic glass) has. Examples of the Plastic materials, the inside of the Plastic threads are suitable, in particular, crystalline polyamides. Such disc elements with inner plastic threads of crystalline polyamide either by a discontinuous Casting or by continuous coextrusion of two incompatible thermoplastics produced. The inside of the plastic disc of the composite embedded plastics filaments may be arranged so that they parallel to each other in one direction only, or such that they parallel to each other in two Directions are. In the latter case, the two Directions at an angle of 90 ° or a 90 ° of form different angles. If plastic bands embedded, they are expediently arranged so, be parallel to each other in only one direction extend.

Finally, it is possible that internal Plastic thread also contrasting or different color colorize in order elicit specific effects.

The embedding of synthetic threads in one of the Acrylic panels or in the acrylic glass has the Advantage that the resulting visual impression of a certain conveys solidity of bullet-resistant glazing and indicates that here the safety aspect especially is emphasized. In particular, it is advantageous that at Damages compact type, for example, in Use of force by impact or other forms of destruction, resultant individual fragments of the acrylic glass panes to the internal threads or strips of preferably polyamide stuck, resulting in complete destruction of bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention is prevented. Thus, a burglar alarm with the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention possible. This is just, and more preferably by the integrated sliver retention and not back Splitter bond with polycarbonate lens possible because the latter only the back release of splinters as it occurs when bombarded, avoids.

The bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention is in an advantageous embodiment, exclusively of plastic materials.

On the other hand, under certain circumstances, the combination possible with sheets of inorganic mineral glass. in the Contrary to the processes known from the prior art Glazings are mineral glass in connection with the invention only in a very small thickness and preferably on the bombardment endangered wing used. Mineral glass in a thickness of about 0.5 to 3 mm, which as a front panel in a bullet-resistant in the Glazing assembly used according to the invention, in particular ensure a scratch-resistant design and thus a longer life of potentially hazardous side. The use of stronger mineral glass than 3 mm not preferred in the context of the invention since this a significant adverse effect on the total weight the structure of the invention results.

There are also other variations from basic Construction of the bullet-retardant according to the invention Glazing possible. Thus, it is still possible that bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention with a to provide heat reflective film coating. This combined or alternatively possible, the use of imbedded wires, for example, in one of the synthetic glass panes are integrated, the embedded wires to form an integrated can serve alarm system. Finally, as an alternative to Scratch-proof equipment by means of mineral glass and a Composite of the type described herein possible that is additionally coated with a scratch-resistant film.

The invention also provides the use of a bullet-resistant glazing as described herein is, for reducing the passage of projectiles conventional weapons and ammunition types such that a Polycarbonate lens of the bombardment vulnerable side is remote. As already mentioned herein, thus, the bullet-resistant glazing according to their unidirectional shot-retardant character especially as bullet-resistant glazing in the area of ​​financial institution be used for personal protection. In addition, especially in connection with integrated Alarm systems, but independent of the unidirectional Bombardment hard character, the use of such lying inventive constructions in away Residential buildings, or as windows conceivable to such the protect owners against break-ins and robberies. Thus is also an effective anti-theft with the ballistic-resistant glazing according to the present invention given.

The invention will be with reference to the accompanying figures and in-depth reference to examples explained.

The figures show:<dl tsize="7"><dt>Fig. 1</dt><dd>the perspective view of a first Embodiment of the invention in Exploded view;</dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>a perspective view of a further Embodiment of the invention in Exploded view;</dd><dt>Fig. 3</dt><dd>a perspective view of a further Embodiment of the invention with integrated Splitter assurance in exploded view;</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>in a perspective view a representation of a another embodiment of the invention;</dd><dt>Fig. 5</dt><dd>in perspective view a Exploded view of yet another Embodiment of the invention with integrated Splitter assurance;</dd><dt>Fig. 6</dt><dd>a perspective view of yet another Embodiment of the invention with integrated Binding splinters in exploded view;</dd><dt>Fig. 7</dt><dd>an embodiment of the invention is not in perspective view;</dd><dt>Fig. 8</dt><dd>also a non-inventive Embodiment in perspective view;</dd><dt>Fig. 9</dt><dd>the exploded perspective view of a another embodiment of the invention not and</dd><dt>Fig. 10</dt><dd>yet another non-inventive Embodiment in a perspective view and Exploded view.</dd></dl>

In Fig. 1, 1 is a fire-resistant according to the invention Glazing referred. This comprises three components in Combine. 6 represents a 25 mm-thick Acrylic glass. 2 represents a 175 μ-thick Plastic from Polyterephthalsäureethandiolester, while 5 represents a 5 mm-thick polycarbonate disc. The Disc elements and film are close together , said not this by gluing or more can be done frame shown. The Wing, ie the bombardment vulnerable side, is in the representation in Fig. 1 indicated by A, while the Back side is designated by R. The structure shown resists fire in accordance with the classification of ÖNORM EN 1063 the bombardment class B4.

Fig. 2 shows a first modification of the invention Structure, as shown in FIG. 1. In Fig. 1 designated 6 a 25 mm PMMA sheet is in the Embodiment shown in FIG. 2 by two acrylic panels 4 and 7 replaced. The disc 4 has thereby shown in the Embodiment, a thickness of 12 mm, while the disc 7 having a thickness of 15 mm. The film 2 may optionally are fixed on the disc 4 or the disc 7, after which the whole assembly either by gluing or by Fixing are joined together in a frame further can.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the Disc 7 replaced by an acrylic glass pane 3, which embedded synthetic threads 3a example, polyamide having. These contribute as integrated elements Splinter retention in under stress.

The embodiment of FIG. 4 illustrates that the involved inventive structure also multiple slides 2 could be. This may be the same or different be formed. In particular, a first film 2 on the not the bombardment vulnerable side facing side of acrylic glass pane 7 are fixed, while a second Foil 2 facing to the bombardment vulnerable side Side of the acrylic glass pane 4 can be fixed. In each Case does not form the foils 2 a termination of inventive shot-retardant glazing.

FIG. 5 again shows a modification of FIG. 4 structure shown in which also a plexiglass pane 7 by an acrylic glass pane 3 with integrated Splitter bond is replaced in the form of polyamide filaments 3a. Otherwise, the structure, as can be seen in Fig. 5, the issues identified in Fig. 4 structure comparable.

Yet another variation of the invention is in the Fig. 6. The structure corresponds to the first in FIG. 5 construction, but at the terminating side the equipped with an integrated splitter bond (3, 3a) Acrylic glass 3 an inorganic mineral glass pane 13 is laminated by another sheet. 2 The foil 2 is preferably on the relevant page of the Acrylic glass pane 3 and fixed with the mineral glass screen 13 bonded by suitable adhesive.

Each of the embodiment shown in the figures 1 to 6 withstands the attack stresses of class B4 according Draft ÖNORM EN 1063rd

For comparison, in the figures 7 to 10 Embodiments illustrated, the invention is not to includes and these terms of ÖNORM Attack stresses the B4 class not meet. among others This includes the embodiment of FIG. 7, the consists only of a 20 mm acrylic glass plate. To this end, includes in Fig. 8 represented modification in which a 30 mm acrylic glass plate is indicated by 12th

Fig. 9 illustrates a structure which consists of 12 mm-PMMA (Reference numeral 4), a 5 mm-polycarbonate lens 5, a 10 mm PMMA plate 9 and a 2 mm polycarbonate pane 10 consists. Although in the thickness or total thickness of PMMA and polycarbonate lenses, the minimum requirements, as result of the invention builds up, met are, is the absence of a film layer 2, the Energy intake too low, so that the structure shown in FIG. 9 fails in the bombardment test in accordance with the class B4.

The same applies to the construction of FIG. 10, which has a 12 mm acrylic glass, a 3 mm polycarbonate disc 8, a 10 mm PMMA sheet 9 and 5 mm polycarbonate lens 5 includes. Again, the film 2 is due to the lack the Attack stress Class B4 according Draft ÖNORM EN 1063 does not meet.

Hereinafter, the manufacturing of an inventive described composite system, as shown in Figure 4 is.

example 1

The system consists of a 15 mm Gußglasplatte, a laminated thereon polyethylene terephthalate continues a 12 mm PMMA Gußglasplatte that also with a polyethylene terephthalate film was laminated, the Completion of the composite forms a 5 mm polycarbonate plate.

The preparation of this composite system is divided into three Partial steps:<dl tsize="14"><dt>Part Step 1:</dt><dd>Cutting of all PMMA / and Polycarbonate sheets. Depending on requirements, the formats for a Composite system tailored. suitable for this purpose All customary and in the Literature known sawing tools for PMMA and polycarbonate.</dd><dt>Part Step 2:</dt><dd>Lamination of polyethylene terephthalate on the PMMA plates. Before the Polyethylene film on the PMMA sheet is applied, a corresponding Humidifying and activating agent for the brought film to the PMMA sheet, then bubbles by means of pressure rollers, the PET film and wrinkle-free laminated.</dd><dt>Part Step 3:</dt><dd>Bundling Using a 4 cm wide, fabric-reinforced adhesive tape is the Interconnected panel (three pieces) at the edge fixed together. The resulting Composite system can then in appropriate Metal frames are fitted and is therefore usable form.</dd></dl>

The glass prepared in Example were examined as follows:

The shot-inflammatory effect and binding splinters of Glazings of Examples X and comparative examples Y, as shown in ÖNORM EN 1063 - Design of 1 June 1993, described investigated. In this by way of example Glazings produced and in comparative examples Measured samples taken. This is when measuring samples to units of sampling, the preparation for testing are. Samples are a certain number of nominally identical glazing units for the type test a certain class are provided. The Samples that are provided to type testing, existed for each tested class of three test samples. The Size of the test samples was 500 ± 5 mm², The edges of the Measured samples were due to better handling fine processed.

The test samples were conditioned and rigid frame vertically in the shown in Table 1 distance from the Muzzle of the weapon clamped. The clamping of the Measured samples fulfilled while the following requirements:<ul><li>the test sample was clamped perpendicular to the line of fire;</li><li>between the glass edge and the frame were strips neoprene rubber of Shore A hardness 50 ± 10 with a Thickness of 5 mm and a width of 30 ± 5 mm is provided;</li><li>under the prior edge of the sample was from a strip Neoprene rubber of Shore A hardness 50 ± 10 with a thickness of 5 mm and a width equal to the entire thickness of the sample was provided;</li><li>all four glass edges were over a width of 30 ± 5 mm by hand clamped uniformly that a free hit area of ​​about 440 x 440 mm remained;</li><li>the contact pressure was so high that the glass edges during the examination at the site remained, on the other hand was ensured that no voltages are generated, which may affect the result.</li></ul>

From the back of the sample if necessary outgoing glass splinters and were the test sample penetrating projectile parts in a splinter collecting box to the rear of the Measuring sample was and firmly attached to the rigid frame is collected. The splinter collecting box had from the beginning an opening of 440 x 440 mm, which in the incident Frame fits.

The potential for injury of the outgoing from the back Broken glass was determined by a splitter indicator. The splitter indicator consists of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 0.02 mm and a square measure of 54 g / m², The aluminum foil was perpendicular splinter collecting box mounted at a distance of 500 mm behind the sample to be measured and had an open space of at least 440 x 440 mm, which particularly suited to the target surface. The Aluminum foil was mounted at their edges. they was so rigidly mounted to on during the test place remained.

The bullet velocity was with an electronic Measuring not more than 2.5 m from the front of Measured sample measured away. The measurement was set to 1.0 m / s I agree. Here, it is assumed that the Projectile speed 2.5 m in front of the sample of Impact speed corresponds.

Table 1 also contains the necessary weapons and Types of ammunition.

The test samples were before the test at least 12 hours at a temperature of 18 ± 5 ° C storage.

The measurements were carried out according to the ÖNORM EN 1063rd This was particular to each measurement sample three shots issued in accordance with the terms of the ÖNORM EN 1063, to measure the projectile velocity. The distances between the Midpoints of hits amounted case in the Norm prescribed framework. As a result, it was assumed that a test the functional requirements for a meets certain resistance class against shoot-through when the speed and the distance to hit corresponded to requirements.

The composite according to Example 1 filled the Attack stresses of class B4 according Draft ÖNORM EN 1063rd