Method and apparatus for deoxygenating food packages

0001The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for deoxygenating a food product and packing it. The apparatus and method according to the invention are particularly suitable deoxygenating and flow-wrapping oxygen sensitive products such as dough products, folded food products or products of complex structure enveloping air. The invention also relates to a deoxygenated food package.

0002For the storage of food products sealed in packages, the level of oxygen in the package may be determinative for the life of the product. This is especially the case for oxygen sensitive products such as fresh or uncooked dough products, meat products etc. Hence, the release of oxygen in the package decreases the life of the product. Such a release of oxygen can often be observed by its an inflation of the package.

0003To decrease the oxygen within a package it is known to gas flush the package containing the product before sealing it. When packing pulverized products gas flushing of the product immediately prior to the packing is known. In this way the atmosphere in the head space above and around the product is replaced with a suitable gas such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

0004This kind of replacement of the atmosphere in a food package containing a product does, however, suffer from the drawback that oxygen in the product will be developed a few hours after packing of the product with the undesirable effect of the oxygen as discussed above.

0005This problem is substantial when packing dough based products as a result of the level of oxygen content in the product and release thereof. Food products of complicated structure or folded products encapsulating pockets of air give also additional oxygen in the package.

0006Prior art packing machines aim to reduce the level of oxygen in the package by subjecting the package containing the product to a vacuum possibly followed by subsequently flushing the package and product with a suitable gas. For example, evacuating the atmosphere from pouches containing products can take place in a Flow-wrap machine before sealing the pouches. In a Flow-wrap machine pouches are shaped around a mandrel from one reel of foil and welded into pouches. Due to the evacuation of the atmosphere the pouch is sucked close to the product and creates a "vacuum" packing of the product. The evacuation of each package reduces the packing capacity of the machine considerably and it is therefore generally only used for bigger items e.g. steaks. This packing method has therefore been considered unsuitable for many purposes due to the relatively low capacity of max. 8 to 10 packing cycles/min.

0007The evacuating principle is also employed in thermo-shaping packing machines such as a Multivac™ in which trays are formed from a lower plastic foil. The trays are filled with food products and then the atmosphere around the tray with the product therein is evacuated. Immediately following the evacuation the tray and food product are flushed by gas and an upper plastic foil seals off the tray.

0008The Multivac type of packing requires large amounts of packing material. For example, the thickness of the packing base material of the Multivac™ is about 500 micrometer while the foil used for the flow wrap packing is about 80 micrometer. The Multivac™ packing method is therefore both expensive and disadvantageous from an environmental point of view.

0009Consequently, it is the aim of the present invention to provide a high-speed method and an apparatus for packing food products, especially oxygen sensitive food product and food products with a high oxygen content. Thus, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a flow-wrap method and apparatus which may run with an average speed of 80 packing cycles/min.. Said method and apparatus provide low oxygen content packages and allow for a reduction in the amount of the packing material used. Advantageously, the method and apparatus according to the invention, may also be used for products of a complex structure or folded or rolled products which may encapsulate pockets of air. Furthermore, the present invention provides a deoxygenated food package which is easily openable.

0010GB 2 086 834 A relates to an apparatus and method for packaging particulate material in an inert atmosphere in rigid or semi-rigid containers. The method includes the step of purging the powder of oxygen by subjecting it firstly to an evacuated environment and latterly to an environment of an inert gas; then filling the container with the product by evacuating the container and breaking to partial vacuum to an inert gas; and hermetically closing the container by a closure such as a cap. The method requires transportations and storage means adapted for powdered products which are completely different from those proposed for discrete air-sensitive products treated by the invention.

0011US-A-4 997 664 relates to continuous method for forming hermetically sealed packages which have been immediately purged of air by multiple flushing of the packages with inert gas to retain the food product in a fresh state. The gas-flushing operation is directly carried out within the container. The apparatus is relatively compact since the gas-flushing installation is contiguous to the sealing device. Therefore, the system has a relatively low flexibility and must be run continuously.

0012Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for deoxygenating a food product and packing it, comprising : <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>providing one or more products capable of being packed individually or in groups as non-flowable products;</li><li>supplying said one or more products to an evacuation chamber;</li><li>applying vacuum to said chamber for deoxygenating the chamber and the product or products;</li><li>injecting protective gas into said chamber to replace at least part of the oxygen evacuated from said product and chamber with protective gas, and;</li><li>transferring the product to a packing unit separated from the evacuation chamber and packing it in a substantially flexible package.</li></ul> The present invention provides a method for packing food products, which makes the capacity of the packing unit independent from the capacity of the deoxygenating process. Consequently, it is possible in accordance with the present invention to supply deoxygenated products to the packing unit at a rate which matches the packing cycles rate of the packing unit. This separate deoxygenating process allows oxygen sensitive products to be packed in high speed packing machines such as a flow-wrap packing machine having generally about 80 packing cycles/min. Consequently, it is preferable that the products are supplied to the evacuation chamber in batches of products, and said batch is transferred to the packing unit, while the products are packed individually or in groups while the remaining part of the batch is allowed to pause outside the packing unit. This may conveniently be done so that the transferring of products into the packing unit is such that the introduction of the products individually or in groups matches the packing cycles of said packing unit. In the present context, a protective gas is an inert gas, nitrogen and carbon dioxide being the most common. The suitable evacuation will depend on the structure of the products to be packed. For dough products evacuation or vacuum treatment to 70 to 80 % (evacuation to 100% being vacuum) is appropriate, preferably at about 75%. For meat products such as sliced ham an evacuation to 90 % or more may be desirable. The evacuation of the chamber is conveniently carried out by of a vacuum pump.

0013Furthermore, according to the invention it has surprisingly been realized that by deoxygenating the product by withdrawing air from it and subsequently replacing said evacuated oxygen with a protective gas, it is possible to subject such a modified product to normal atmosphere for a limited period without the gas diffusing and oxygen level substantially increasing. For example, for fresh or uncooked dough products a pausing time in normal atmosphere may be e.g. from 1 to 4 min.

0014Therefore, it is possible to transfer the products in said batch into a packing unit by feeding one or more of the products individually or in groups into the packing unit while allowing the remaining part of the batch to pause outside the packing unit. For products which have good gas retainabilities such as dough based products, see example below, the products may pause while awaiting their turn to be packed or be transferred to the packing unit in normal atmosphere.

0015For food products wherein the protective gas tends to diffuse from the product following end exposure of gas, so as to once again leave the place for oxygen at a rate so high that the speed of the packing unit is not sufficient to retain a desirable level of deoxygenating of the product, it may be desirable to protect the products with a modified atmosphere while they are pausing in front of the packing unit or during the transition. Such precautions may e.g. be met by passing the products through a tunnel with a modified atmosphere. This may be appropriate for products such as compact meat products.

0016In this method it is preferred that the products individually or in groups are inserted into packages having one or more openings through which protective gas is injected or flushed through the package before it is sealed off. Advantageously, this is done so as to replace substantially all of the air in the package. In one embodiment of the invention the product or products is/are packed in packages having one opening or mouth for receiving both the product or products and the protective gas, and through which the air in the package can escape.

0017The protective gas may be injected while the product or products is/are introduced into the package. It may, however, be advantageous to allow the protective gas to flush through the package until it is sealed off.

0018Conveniently, the products are introduced individually or in groups into a tube closed at one end and shaped from a reel of sheet material e.g. flexible plastic foil which is welded or sealed together along a longitudinal seam running in the processing direction. Such packages may be produced in a conventional flow-wrap machine. In such a machine the products are normally introduced through a mandrel around which the tube is shaped. See below for further discussion in relation to the apparatus according to the invention.

0019Another method according to the invention relates to deoxygenating a food product for packing. Said method comprises supplying one or more products to an evacuation chamber, evacuating oxygen from said chamber for deoxygenating the chamber and the product or products, injecting protective gas into said chamber to replace at least part of the oxygen evacuated from said product and chamber with protective gas. The products treated according to this method may be stored e.g. in a modified atmosphere in batches and later packed.

0020In a second aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for deoxygenating a food product comprising <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>an evacuation chamber comprising a means for evacuating oxygen from said chamber for deoxygenating said chamber and product or products therein,</li><li>injecting means to inject protective gas into said chamber to replace at least part of the oxygen evacuated from the chamber and product or products,</li><li>conveying means to convey the product or products to and from an evacuation chamber, and transferring the products into a packing unit.</li></ul>

0021In a preferred embodiment of the invention the conveyor means is adapted to advance batches of products to and from the evacuating chamber and transfer the products individually or in groups to the packing unit while allowing the remaining part of a treated product batch to pause outside the packing unit. This allows a continuous in-feed and high speed packing of the products as discussed above.

0022The conveying means and the evacuating chamber may be separate units. However, it may be preferred that the apparatus also comprises the packing unit.

0023In a further aspect, the invention relates to a deoxygenated food package comprising a flexible pouch comprising a deoxygenated product wherein least part of the oxygen in the product has been replaced by protective gas, and a head space comprising a protective gas, and wherein said flexible pouch is not sucked to the product. This food package overcomes the difficulties known in connection with opening of vacuum packed products due to the packing material tightly abutting the product. The food package of the invention allows an easy opening and access to the food product by simply piercing the pouch. A mentioned above, the package also is desirable from a costs and environmental point of view. The food package may be manufactured according to the method and with the apparatus of the invention.

0024It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to decreasing the oxygen level in food packages. The method and apparatus of the invention may also be adapted to delimit the effect of other undesirable gases in food packages.

0025The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the apparatus and method of the invention by way of example only, and wherein <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Fig. 1. is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to the invention carrying out the method according to the invention,</li><li>Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a flow-packing unit.</li></ul>

0026Fig. 1 shows an apparatus 10 for deoxygenating a food product and packing. The apparatus 10 comprises conveying means in the form of an in-feed conveyor 11 feeding a batch of rolled products 13 into an evacuation chamber 12. In said chamber 12 the air is drawn from the chamber by means of a source of vacuum, not shown in the drawings, which reduces the pressure in said chamber and deoxygenates the chamber 12 and the products 13. The apparatus 10 also comprises injecting means to inject protective gas into said chamber 12. A second conveyor 14 transfers the rolled products 13 from the chamber 12 to a waiting position 15 where the products 13 pause until they are transferred to the packing unit. The evacuating of the chamber 12 and the number of products therein are preferably adjusted so that the products are fed in a continuous flow to the packing unit.

0027A suitable packing unit may be a flow-wrap packing unit as discussed above, such a unit is illustrated in Fig. 2. Such a flow-wrap packing unit 16 may be of conventional type. The herein illustrated machine is of horizontal type but vertical packing machines may also be used if appropriate for the product to be packed.

0028The flow-wrap unit 16 wraps individually the products supplies by a conveyor 28. Said packing unit 16 comprises a mandrel 17 around which a tubular package 18 having a longitudinal seam 19 is formed by means of rotating sealing tools 27 from sheet material 21 which is supplied from a reel 20. The tubular package 18 is closed at both ends 22 and 23 by means of sealing tools 29 creating seams 24 and 25 running transverse to said longitudinal seam 19.

0029For flushing of the package with a protective gas before, during or after introduction of the product or products therein, the flow-wrap unit comprises injector means comprising an injector lance 26 injecting protecting gas into the package 18. The lance is projected into the tube of film, above the product and thus in use blows gas into the package 18 and forces air out in a direction opposite the injection.

0030An illustration of the invention is given by way of a trial: A batch of rolled pizza dough products were evacuated to 75%, and then gas flushed with protective gas: CO₂ and N₂ 50/50. The products were then transferred to the flow wrap unit where they paused outside in normal atmosphere. One after the other the rolled dough products were packed and sealed while being gas flushed with the same protective gas as mentioned above.

0031After 24 hours the head space in the packs were analyzed. The remaining oxygen value was 0.2 %. Similar packed rolled dough products which had not been subjected to the evacuation comprised oxygen up to 1 %. As a comparison a package comprising fresh dough must not comprise more than an oxygen value of 0.5 % if the package is to be stored refrigerated 4 to 5 weeks. It follows that the non-evacuated samples provide an unsatisfactory result for the present purpose.