Self-phase up of array antennas with non-uniform element mutual coupling and arbitrary lattice orientation

A method for phasing-up array antennas of regularly spaced lattice orientation, without the use of a near-field or far-field range is disclosed. The method uses mutual coupling and/or reflections to provide a signal from one element (1, 3, 5) to its neighbours (2, 4). This signal provides a reference to allow for elements (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) to be phased with respect to each other. After the first stage of the method is completed, the array is phased-up into, at most, four interleaved lattices (1-3-5-.../2-4-...). These interleaved lattices (1-3-5-.../2-4-...) are then phased with respect to each other, thus completing the phase-up process.