Coated SiO2 particles

0001The invention relates to spherical SiO₂ particles coated with oxides of the elements titanium, iron or zircon, to a process for their preparation and to the use of the products obtained.

0002Spherical SiO₂ particles are known per se from the prior art. SiO₂ particles are obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation from alcoholate compounds, after which they are also obtained in the form of compact, monodisperse, spherical particles. The fundamental reaction conditions for the preparation of SiO₂ particles by hydrolytic polycondensation can be found, for example, in the publications by W. Stöber et al. in J. Colloid and Interface Science 26, 62 (1968) and 30, 568 (1969) and in US Patent 3,634,588. The particles thus prepared, however, often show large standard deviations in their particle diameter and have a certain porosity.

0003For the preparation of highly monodisperse, non-porous, spherical SiO₂ particles which have a standard deviation of not more than 5%, reference is made to EP 0 216 278, which discloses a correspondingly oriented preparation process based on hydrolytic polycondensation. The key feature of this process, which is preferred for the preparation of the particles according to the present invention, is a two-stage procedure. In this procedure, hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraalkoxysilanes in aqueous-alkaline-ammoniacal medium is first used to form a sol or a suspension of primary particles, which are then brought by metered addition of further tetraalkoxysilane to the desired final size.

0004An appropriate process for the preparation of various metal oxides in the form of spherical particles with narrow particle size distribution is to be found in EP 0 275 688.

0005A corresponding two-stage process for the preparation of various metal oxides and also mixed oxides, which, furthermore, also have glycolic groups chemically bonded to the surface, is described in EP 0 391 447.

0006SiO₂ particles organically modified in this way can be used as tailor-made sorbents for chromatography. They are particularly suitable for use in reversed-phase chromatography. The use of these particles allows the separation of high molecular weight biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins or nucleic acids.

0007The subsequent coating of spherical SiO₂ particles with titanium dioxide is described in Japanese Published Specification No. 06-011 872. SiO₂ particles with a size of 0.5-50 µm are coated by suspending them in an aqueous titanyl sulfate solution and heating the suspension, the titanyl sulfate hydrolysing and the resulting titanium oxide hydrate being precipitated onto the SiO₂ particles. In this process, the entire surface is coated with titanium dioxide. The weight ratio of silicon dioxide to titanium dioxide is within the range from 10:90 to 90:10.

0008The size of the individual crystallites within the continuous TiO₂ coat is about 500 nm.

0009The coated SiO₂ particles are separated off, washed and dried in accordance with known methods. In order to increase their mechanical strength they are heated at from 500 to 900°C for from 30 minutes to 5 hours.

0010The product obtained possesses a high masking capacity and a screening effect towards ultraviolet radiation. It is used in cosmetology as a component of make-up formulations.

0011The high masking capacity of this product makes it unsuitable for use in sunscreen compositions. A sunscreen composition should possess a high absorption and reflection capacity for ultraviolet radiation but at the same time should be highly transparent to the visible component of sunlight, so that it is not visible on the skin.

0012The object of the present invention is to provide a product which consists of spherical SiO₂ particles coated at individual points with oxide particles of the elements titanium, iron or zircon. The product is to have a high absorption and reflection capacity for ultraviolet radiation while in contrast being highly transparent to visible light. Furthermore, the product should not have a tendency towards agglomeration, such a tendency being a known feature of conventional UV protection filters, for example ultrafine titanium dioxide.

0013A further object of the present invention is to provide a product which is suitable as filler in organic matrix materials, with the refractive index of the particles being adapted as a function of the application to the refractive index of the organic matrix.

0014It has, surprisingly, been found that, by means of a specific procedure, it is possible to coat spherical SiO₂ particles with a size of from 5 to 500 nm at individual points with oxide particles of the elements titanium, iron or zircon with a size of less than 60 nm to give highly transparent products which possess a high absorption and reflection capacity in the ultraviolet region.

0015The invention therefore provides spherical SiO₂ particles with a size of from 5 to 500 nm, preferably with a size of less than 100 nm, which are coated at individual points with oxide particles of the elements titanium, iron or zircon or mixtures of these methaloxides with a size of less than 60 nm, which coated particles are obtainable for example by adding a from 5 to 40% titanium tetrachloride solution at a metering rate of from 0.0005 to 0.5 mg of TiO₂ per minute and per m² surface area of the SiO₂ particles to an aqueous dispersion of the SiO₂ particles at a pH of from 1.3 to 2.5, preferably from 1.6 to 2.0, separating off the coated SiO₂ particles and subjecting them to drying and, if desired, calcination.

0016The invention additionally provides a process for the preparation of spherical SiO₂ particles with a size of from 5 to 500 nm, preferably less than 100 nm, which are coated at individual points with oxide particles of the elements titanium, iron or zircon with a size of less than 60 nm, which is characterized in that the SiO₂ particles are dispersed in deionized water at a temperature of from 50 to 90°C in a concentration of from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5-10% by weight, in case of a coating with TiO₂ particles an aqueous from 5 to 40% titanium salt solution is added at a pH of from 1.3 to 2.5, preferably from 1.6 to 2.0, at a metering rate of from 0.0005 to 0.5 mg of TiO₂ per minute and per m² surface area of the SiO₂ particles, the pH being kept constant by simultaneous addition of a base, the coated SiO₂ particles are separated off, washed with water and then with ethanol, are initially dried in air and are then dried in vacuo at from 70 to 125°C.

0017The invention also provides for the use of the particles according to the invention as sunscreen agents in cosmetic formulations and as filler in organic matrix materials. Furthermore they are used for pimenting paints, printing inks, plastics and coatings.

0018Specific embodiments of the invention are comprised in the subclaims.

0019The spherical SiO₂ particles to be used as starting material are known per se from the prior art.

0020The fundamental reaction conditions for the preparation of SiO₂ particles by hydrolytic polycondensation can be found, for example, in the publications by W. Stöber et al. in J. Colloid and Interface Science 26, 62 (1968) and 30, 568 (1969) and in US Patent 3,634,588. The particles thus prepared, however, often show large standard deviations in their particle diameter and have a certain porosity.

0021For the preparation of highly monodisperse, non-porous, spherical SiO₂ particles which have a standard deviation of not more than 5%, reference is made to EP 0 216 278, which discloses a correspondingly oriented preparation process based on hydrolytic polycondensation. The key feature of this process, which is preferred for the preparation of the particles according to the present invention, is a two-stage procedure. In this procedure, hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraalkoxysilanes in aqueous-alkaline-ammoniacal medium is first used to form a sol or a suspension of primary particles, which are then brought by metered addition of further tetraalkoxysilane to the desired final size.

0022The grain size of the SiO₂ particles to be employed as starting material is dependent on the intended use of the SiO₂ particles according to the invention which are coated with oxide particles of the elements titanium, iron and zircon.

0023Particle sizes of between 5 nm and 500 nm are available. For the use of the products according to the invention as sunscreen agents in cosmetic formulations, for example, particle sizes of from 5 to 100 nm are employed.

0024For the use as filler in organic matrix materials, particle sizes of from 50 to 500 nm are employed. Depending on the choice of the oxides on which the inorganic particles are based, the refractive index of the products according to the invention can be tailored precisely to the refractive index of the organic matrix. Polymers or polymerizable systems comprising these particles can be used, for example, as embedding compositions for optical, electrooptical and optoelectrical components. Such embedding compositions exhibit an improved optical homogeneity. Light-emitting diodes produced with such compositions are distinguished inter alia by an enhanced light yield. Further details on this use of the products according to the invention are given in WO 93/25611.

0025The size of the TiO₂, Fe₂O₃ and ZrO₂ particles in the products according to the invention is below 60 nm.

0026The proportion of titanium dioxide, iron oxide or zircon oxide in the product according to the invention is from 20 to 75% by weight, preferably from 40 to 50% by weight.

0027The coated SiO₂ particles according to the invention are also produced on the following way: An aqueous solution of a metal salt, e.g. titanium tetrachloride, is heated to 60 °C with stirring. The obtained suspension of the metal oxide is added dropwise to a suspension of spherical SiO₂ particles. The pH is adjusted to 2,0 with 32 % NaOH solution with stirring and a silane coupling agent is added to the suspension. After 15 minutes the pH value is increased to 8,0 with 32 % NaOH solution and the suspension is stirred again for 10 minutes. After filtering, washing and drying the coated SiO₂ particles are powdered by using a blender and the obtained powder is claicinated at 700 °C for 5 minutes.

0028The products according to the invention can be aftercoated with organic and inorganic compounds by known methods.

0029By aftercoating with silanes or metal oxides it is possible to prevent the agglomeration of the monodisperse particles during the drying process. In the case where the products according to the invention are used as sunscreen agents, it is possible by aftercoating with iron oxide to adjust the colour to a defined skin shade. Aftercoating with zinc oxide increases the effectiveness of the product as a UV-A absorber.

0030When aftercoating with a silane of the general formula R_nSi(OX)₃, in which R_n is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and X is an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, from 0.02 to 2% by weight of the silane, calculated as SiO₂, are applied to the product according to the invention. Preference is given to the use of CH₃Si(OMe)₃.

0031Preferred metal oxides used for aftercoating are zinc oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide and cerium oxide.

0032From SEM micrographs of the products according to the invention with two different particle sizes, 250 and 50 nm, it is evident that the titanium dioxide is arranged at individual points on the surface of the SiO₂ particles and does not form, as is the case with known products, for example according to JP 06-011 872 (Kokoku), a continuous coat.

0033The concentration of the additionally applied metal oxides is from 1 to 100% by weight, preferably 10% by weight, based on the content of TiO₂.

0034For the process according to the invention for the preparation of the SiO₂ particles coated at individual points with TiO₂ particles, it is essential to avoid an excess of titanium salt. This is achieved in that the quantity of titanium salt supplied to the hydrolysis per unit time is only that necessary for uniform formation of the TiO₂ particles. This effect is best achieved if the hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature which is as constant as possible and with approximately constant pH.

0035The from 5 to 40% titanium tetrachloride solution is added at a metering rate of from 0.0005 to 0.5 mg of TiO₂ per m² surface area of the SiO₂ particles per minute to an aqueous dispersion of the SiO₂ particles at a pH of from 1.3 to 2.5, preferably from 1.6 to 2.0.

0036Since the different fractions of SiO₂ particles possess different diameters and therefore different surface areas, the values are different for each particle size when equal quantities are employed. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">Particle ⌀ in nm</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Surface area m²/g</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Min. quantity of TiO₂ per m² per minute</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Max. quantity of TiO₂ per m² per minute</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">1000</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.02 mg</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">0.5 mg</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">500</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">6</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.01 mg</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">0.25 mg</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">250</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">12</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.005 mg</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">0.15 mg</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">100</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">30</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.002 mg</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">0.05 mg</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">50</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">60</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.001 mg</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">0.025 mg</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">25</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">120</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.0005 mg</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">0.012 mg</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0037The TiCl₄ solution used preferably has a concentration of 15% by weight of TiCl₄ with a density of 1.123 g/ml. The concentration range of the TiCl₄ solutions to be used extends from 5 to 40% by weight.

0038In accordance with the process of the invention, it is possible to offer the surfaces to be coated, per unit time, only a small quantity of titanium salt such that all of the titanium dioxide hydrate is able to deposit on the surfaces, and no freely mobile by-products can be formed in the dispersion. Further details are described in US 3,553,001.

0039The SiO₂ particles according to the invention, coated with titanium dioxide, iron oxide or zircon oxide, can, depending on their intended use, be coated with further metal oxides or with organic compounds, for example silanes, by known methods.

0040Coating with zinc oxide is likewise carried out by known methods. The zinc oxide hydrate is precipitated by hydrolysis of zinc chloride using an ammonium complex at a pH of from 11 to 12. The SiO₂ particles according to the invention which are coated with TiO₂ particles are suspended at room temperature in deionized water, the pH is adjusted to 11 - 12 with ammonia solution, and a prepared zinc chloride solution is then added. By slow heating of the suspension the ammonia is driven off, the pH of the suspension falls and the zinc oxide hydrate is slowly precipitated. The particles coated with zinc oxide hydrate are separated off, washed with water and then with ethanol, initially dried in air and then dried in vacuo at from 70 to 125°C.

0041The zinc oxide hydrate can also be precipitated by hydrolysing zinc oxalate or zinc chloride.

0042Aftercoating of the particles according to the invention with iron (III) oxide is likewise carried out by known methods; the same applies to aftercoating with zirconium oxide.

0043In the case of aftercoating with iron (III) oxide, an iron(III) chloride solution is metered at a temperature of from 60 to 90°C and at a pH of from 2.5 to 4.5 into an aqueous suspension of the SiO₂ particles according to the invention, coated with titanium dioxide. The pH is kept constant by simultaneous addition of 32% sodium hydroxide solution.

0044The particles coated with iron(III) oxide are separated off, washed with water and then with ethanol, initially dried in air and then dried in vacuo at from 70 to 125°C.

0045The pigments according to the invention are dried at temperatures from 110 to 125 °C under normal pressure or from 70 to 125 °C in vacuo. Dependent on the purpose the pigments can be additionally calcined at temperatures from 300 °C to 900 °C for from 5 to 60 minutes.

0046The pigments according to the invention are used for pigmenting paints, printing inks, plastics, coatings or as sunscreen agent in cosmetic formulations.

0047When the pigment according to the invention is used as sunscreen agent in cosmetic formulations, the pigment is incorporated into the formulation in a concentration of up to 5% by weight.

0048Figure 1 compares two embodiments of the pigment according to the invention with known sunscreen agents with respect to their transparency in the wavelength range from 220 to 800 nm. For this comparison, the products were incorporated into VS medium of Dainichiseika Co. Ltd. in a concentration of 1.5% by weight, and the transparency was measured.

0049The VS medium contains a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate as main resin and xylene in a concentration of from 30 to 40 $ and cyclohexanone in a concentration of from 50 to 60 %

0050Plot 1 shows the transparency of an ultrafine titanium dioxide, while plot 2 shows the transparency of an ultrafine titanium dioxide coated with iron oxide. Plot 3 shows the transparency of a pigment according to the invention having the composition 27% SiO₂, 53% TiO₂, 20% Fe₂O₃. Plot 4 shows the transparency of a pigment according to the invention having the composition 31% SiO₂ and 69% TiO₂.

0051The plots show that, in the region of visible light, the pigments according to the invention possess a substantially higher transparency than ultrafine titanium dioxide. This means that ultrafine titanium dioxide causes a white film to appear on the hand, whereas the pigments according to the invention remain invisible on the skin owing to their high transparency.

0052Table 1 compares the transparency and absorbance of the 4 abovementioned pigments at identical and at different concentrations in the formulation. <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title>Table 1</title><tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0" align="center">Pigment No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center">Concentr % by weight</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col5" align="center">Transmittance (%)</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center">Absorbance</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Visible light</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">UV-A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">UV-B</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">UV-A</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">UV-B</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">(550 nm)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">(380 nm)</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">(300nm)</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">(380nm)</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">(300 nm)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1.5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">22</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.0</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">3.7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1.5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">76</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">34</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">0.5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">2.7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1.5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">49</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">6</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">1.2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">3.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1.5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">75</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">19</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">0.7</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">2.8</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">0.75</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">66</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">0.9</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">2.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">6</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">3.0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">64</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">12</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">0.9</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">3.4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">7</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">1.0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">63</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">17</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">0.7</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">1.7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">8</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">2.0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">62</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="right">0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">1.2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">3.3</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify">Pigments Nos. 1 and 5: Ultrafine TiO₂ Pigments Nos. 2 and 6: Invention (31% SiO₂, 69% TiO₂) Pigments Nos. 3 and 7: Ultrafine TiO₂ + Fe₂O₃ Pigments Nos. 4 and 8: Invention (27% SiO₂, 53% TiO₂, 20% Fe₂O₃)</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0053The table shows that pigment No. 2 according to the invention possesses a transparency at 550 nm which is approximately 3.5 times higher than the transparency of ultrafine titanium dioxide (pigment No. 1).

0054To establish approximately the same transparency, relative to ultrafine titanium dioxide, 4 times the quantity of the pigment according to the invention can be added to a cosmetic formulation. This means that, with the pigment according to the invention, it is possible to achieve a markedly higher light protection effect.

0055Figure 2 compares two embodiments of the pigment according to the invention with a known sunscreen agent (ultrafine TiO₂) with respect to their extinction in the wavelength range from 200 to 400 nm. The SiO₂ particles coated with TiO₂ (particles sizes 25 and 50 nm) show a significantly higher extinction (shielding capability) in the wavelength range from 200 to 320 nm. However, in the range of the visible light the pigments of the invention show the same extinction (transparency) as the ultrafine TiO₂.

0056According to the invention SiO₂ as a core particle for newly pigments is coated with TiO₂ particles. Due to TiO₂ particles contact the core SiO₂ particles directly, TiO₂ particles can perform as if they were single particle keeping. Thereby this fine particle of TiO₂ coated SiO₂ pigment has superior transmittance and great UV ray shielding capability. This newly developed pigment can be possible to contain highly in a sunscreen products because of those superior transparency, so it will be able to make the excellent sunscreen which has high UV-ray shielding capability.

0057In addition, the Fe₂O₂ type pigment is treated with iron oxide on the surface of TiO₂ coated colloidal silica particles. For UV-A&amp;B range Fe₂O₂ has also shielding capability, so this iron oxide type pigment has higher UV-A&amp;B shielding capability compared with TiO₂ type pigment because of the efficacy of combination TiO₂ and Fe₂O₂. With the addition the pigment coloring to skin-tone can be get by the content of iron oxide. Sunscreen products with several skin tone in cosmetics can be

0058produced. The examples which follow are intended to describe the invention in more detail without limiting it.

Example 1

00593000 g of an aqueous dispersion of SiO₂ particles with a size of 250 nm (5% by weight SiO₂) are heated to 75°C with stirring. 198 g of 60% TiCl₄ solution are diluted with 141 g of deionized water and metered at a metering rate of 1.5 ml/min into the dispersion. By simultaneous addition of 32% NaOH solution, the pH is kept constant at 2.2. After 60 minutes, the metering rate of the TiCl₄ solution is increased to 3 ml/min. Metered addition of the TiCl₄ solution is complete after 110 minutes. The reaction mixture is then stirred for a further 15 minutes and neutralized with NaOH solution, and the solid is separated off, washed free from salt, then washed with 0.5 l of ethanol and, after initial drying in air, is dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at from 70 to 75°C. The TiO₂ content of the pigment is 25% by weight.

Example 2

00603000 g of an aqueous dispersion of SiO₂ particles with a size of 250 nm (5% by weight SiO₂) are heated to 75°C with stirring. 350 g of iron(III) chloride solution (15% by weight Fe, Merck Art. 5513) are diluted with 306 g of deionized water to an iron content of 8% by weight. The solution is metered into the dispersion at 0.5 ml/min. After 10 minutes, the rate is increased to 1.0 ml/min and, after a further 10 minutes, to 1.5 ml/min. This rate is maintained until the end of coating. By simultaneous addition of 32% sodium hydroxide solution, the pH is kept constant at between 3.2 and 3.3. Addition is complete after about 6 hours. After the end of the addition of FeCl₃, stirring is continued for 15 minutes and the mixture is then neutralized with the NaOH solution. The solid is separated off, washed free from salt, washed with 0.5 l of ethanol and finally, after initial drying in air, is dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at 70-75°C. The Fe₂O₃ content of the finished pigment, based on oxides (SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃), is 33% by weight.

Example 3

0061SiO₂ particles with a size of 250 nm are coated with TiO₂ in accordance with Example 1. The dispersion is then adjusted to a pH of 3.2 using NaOH solution. 11.5 g of iron(III) chloride solution (15% by weight Fe, Merck Art. 5513) are diluted with 46.9 g of water to an iron content of 3% by weight and metered at a rate of 0.5 ml/min into the abovementioned dispersion . After 60 minutes, the rate of metering is increased to 1.0 ml/min. Addition is complete after about 90 minutes. During the addition of the iron chloride solution, the pH is held between 3.2 and 3.3 by simultaneous addition of NaOH solution. The reaction mixture is then stirred for a further 15 minutes and neutralized with NaOH solution, and the solid is separated off, washed free from salt, then washed with 0.5 l of ethanol and, after initial drying in air, is dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at from 70 to 75°C. The iron content of the pigment is 5% by weight Fe₂O₃, based on the TiO₂ content of the pigment.

Example 4

00622400 g of an aqueous dispersion of SiO₂ particles with a size of 250 nm (5% by weight SiO₂) are heated to 75°C with stirring. 160 g of 60% TiCl₄ solution are diluted with 112 g of deionized water, and 6.8 g of zinc chloride are added to the solution with stirring and dissolved. This solution is metered at a rate of 1.2 ml/min into the abovementioned dispersion, the pH being kept constant at from 2.2 to 2.3 by simultaneous addition of NaOH solution. After 60 minutes, the rate of metering is increased to 2.4 ml/min. Addition is complete after about 110 minutes. The reaction mixture is subsequently stirred for a further 15 minutes and neutralized over the course of 25 minutes with the aid of an NaOH solution. To ensure complete precipitation of the zinc hydroxide, the dispersion is subsequently stirred for 30 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid is then separated off, washed free from salt, then washed with 0.5 l of ethanol and, after initial drying in air, is dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at from 70 to 75°C. The zinc oxide content of the pigment is 10% by weight, based on the TiO₂ content of the pigment.

Example 5

00632400 g of an aqueous dispersion of SiO₂ particles with a size of 250 nm (5% by weight SiO₂) are heated to 75°C with stirring. 160 g of 60% TiCl₄ solution are diluted with 112 g of deionized water and metered at a rate of 1.2 ml/min into the abovementioned dispersion, the pH being kept constant at from 2.2 to 2.3 by simultaneous addition of NaOH solution. After 60 minutes, the rate of metering is increased to 2.4 ml/min. Addition is complete after about 110 minutes. The reaction mixture is subsequently stirred for a further 15 minutes and neutralized over the course of 25 minutes with the aid of an NaOH solution. Subsequently, a zinc chloride solution and an oxalic acid solution are metered, simultaneously but separately from one another, each at a rate of 1.2 ml/min into the neutralized reaction mixture, the pH being kept constant at 7 by simultaneous addition of an NaOH solution. The zinc chloride solution contains 6.8 g of zinc chloride in 61 g of water. The oxalic acid solution contains 6.3 g of oxalic acid in 61 g of water. Addition is complete after about 55 minutes. To ensure complete precipitation of the zinc oxide, the dispersion is subsequently stirred and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid is separated off, washed free from salt, then washed with 0.5 l of ethanol and, after initial drying in air, is dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at from 70 to 75°C. The zinc oxide content of the pigment is 10% by weight, based on the TiO₂ content of the pigment.

Example 6

00643000 g of an aqueous dispersion of SiO₂ particles with a size of 250 nm (5% by weight SiO₂) are heated to 75°C with stirring.

0065198 g of 60% TiCl₄ solution are diluted with 142 g of deionized water and metered at a metering rate of 1.5 ml/min into the dispersion. By simultaneous addition of 32% NaOH solution, the pH is kept constant at 2.2. After 60 minutes, the metering rate of the TiCl₄ solution is increased to 3 ml/min. Metered addition of the TiCl₄ solution is complete after 110 minutes. The reaction mixture is then stirred for a further 15 minutes and neutralized with NaOH solution.

0066Using 25% ammonia solution, the pH of the dispersion is adjusted to 11 - 12, and a zinc chloride solution consisting of 8.4 g of zinc chloride in 162 g of deionized water is added. By slow heating of the dispersion, the ammonia is driven off and the zinc hydroxide is precipitated. The precipitation end point is reached when the addition of dilute hydrochloric acid to a filtered sample of the dispersion no longer produces a precipitate. After cooling to room temperature, the solid is worked up in accordance with Example 5.

0067The zinc oxide content of the pigment is 10% by weight, based on the TiO₂ content.

Example 7

006866 g (20 g as SiO₂) of colloidal silica sol, type ST-S, with a size distribution of 5 to 9 nm in 500 ml of deionized water are heated to 80°C with stirring. The pH is rapidly adjusted to 1.6 with conc. HCl. Then 256 ml (45 g as TiO₂) of TiCl₄ solution (418 g/l) are metered in over about 7 hours, while maintaining the pH at 1.6 using 32% NaOH solution. After stirring the suspension for 15 minutes, the pH is adjusted to 3.0 with 32% NaOH, and 3.3 g of silane coupling agent, CH₃Si(OMe)₃, in 50 ml of deionized water are fed into the reactor, and the suspension is held for 15 minutes. The pH is increased to 8.0 with 32% NaOH and the suspension is stirred again for 10 minutes. After filtering, washing and drying, the pigment (5 g) is calcined at a temperature of 700°C for 5 minutes.

Example 8

0069The reaction process is the same as in Example 7 until the step of metered addition of TiCl₄. At this point, the pH is adjusted to 1.9 using 32% NaOH, and a solution of 33 g of FeCl₃.6H₂O in 100 ml of deionized water is metered in over 2 hours, maintaining a pH of 1.9 using 32% NaOH solution. After stirring the suspension for 15 minutes, the pH is adjusted to 3.0 with 32% NaOH, and then 4.2 g of silane coupling agent in 50 ml of deionized water are fed into the reactor. The suspension is held for 15 minutes. The pH is increased to 8.0 with 32% NaOH and the suspension is stirred again for 10 minutes. After filtering, washing and drying, the pigment (5 g) is calcined at a temperature of 700°C for 5 minutes.

Example 9

Sunscreen cream

0070<tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="left">Raw Materials</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="5" align="left">A:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Liquid paraffin</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">38.0 %</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Cetanol</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Beeswax</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">6.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Stearic acid</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">20.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">POE (5,5) Cetyl ether</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Sorbitan monostearate</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">2.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">B:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10 % NaOH</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">DI-water</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">31.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="2" rowsep="1" align="left">C:</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">6.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">TiO₂</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">5.0</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">SiO₂ coated TiO₂</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">5.0</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Preparation

0071TiO₂ and SiO₂ coated TiO₂ are dispersed in glycerin. A and B group are heated up seperately at 75 °C, then the two mixtures are emulsified by high speed stirring. Lastly, mix the C group is mixed with emulsified A &amp; B mixture at 50 °C.

Example 10

0072An aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride prepared from 50 ml of titanium tetrachloride and 500 ml of water (2,18 mol/l TiO₂) is heated to 60 °C with stirring. To the white TiO₂ suspension obtained is added dropwise 40 g (12 g as SiO₂) of colloidal silica sol, type XL, with a size distribution of 40 to 50 nm. The pH is increased to 2.0 with 32 % NaOH solution with stirring, and 2 g of CH₃Si(OMe)₂ (silane coupling agent) in 50 ml of deionized water are added into the suspension, and the suspension is held for 15 minutes. The pH is increased to 8,0 with 32 % NaOH solution and the suspension is stirred again for 10 minutes. After filtering, washing and drying the dried product is powdered by using a blender and the resulting powder (5 g ) is calcined at 700 °C for 5 minutes.